Figure 1: Colonisation and it's legacy

Figure 1: Colonisation and it's legacy

THE NEED. . STEMS , WHERE 2

Chapter 2

2.1. Introduction This chapter deals with the most formative issue raised when one attempts to deal with the lack of indigenous knowledge systems in the urban areas (which is segregation).

2.2. Literature Review 1

Trauma, What is our?

Within the research context, particularly in South Africa, one cannot ignore colonisation as the most significant contributor. Most issues surrounding the people of Africa were brought about by the legacy of capitalisation that propagated the colonial system. In the greater context of Africa, the colonisation process that “formally” began in the late nineteenth century. Several European powers (Britain, Holland, France, Portugal, among many) began an era of exploitation in which the African colonies were occupied and used the local populace as labour to acquire the abundant natural mineral resources. Through the partitioning of lands, the powers created colonies using the military power of the colonising countries and the spread of the resources. By implementing government and economic systems, the people were forced either by military/armed force or by the promise of opportunity and progress to function as low-cost indentured labour. This severely handicapped the natural path of growth for the colonies, morphing them into states of mineral supply to their colonisers rather than population serving entities focused on the betterment of the conditions of the peoples. This exploitation continued during the mid-to-late twentieth century, profoundly rooting the colonial systems in the occupied territories. Within the South African context, the colonial system implemented was the apartheid system introduced in 1948 by the National Party government. (Ducksters.com, 2010) The result was the segregated spatial zoning which is common across South Africa. Contrary to the exploitation colonisation common in greater Africa, South Africa was home to settler colonisation. This form of colonisation meant that most resources were transported to better the metropole systems that the minority-ruling group occupied and some to the British nation. In combination with legislation such as the Native Lands Act of 1913 and the Group Areas Act of 1950, this created a division of people according to race and settled them into povertyfilled zones at the outskirts or outer extremes of the cities. (Ducksters.com, 2010) Thus, creating a high level of urban migration. Thus, a population grouping was created by the apartheid system for migrating to the metropole in search of opportunity and better living conditions.

The combination of local urban migrants and transnational migrants are the primary users for the context of this research. The trauma from this movement and the circumstance that inspired the research are primary issues that create the need for healing in the African people. The Pretoria site context has a large community of diverse migrant peoples. This diversity is vital to factor in when implementing social and mental health care systems and frameworks. According to Peck (2021) ”It is not knowledge we lack”. This is perhaps the most lingering of the statements from the ‘Exterminate the Brutes’ documentary series. Colonisation has taken different forms depending on the context; differences were created by geography, mineral and resource opportunity, and indigenous people. Like the case of African American slaves, the settler colonisation type shared between the Americas and South Africa took the land from the indigenous peoples. (Peck 2021) The peoples were then used as labour for mining and farming by the system of government that matured into the apartheid system. Apartheid was developed five centuries after the first colonisers reached the shores of the Western Cape. Like the slave system, the government implemented legislation that gave the colonisers the emboldened authority to subjugate and maintain their oppression of the people. In America, the authority was the Second Amendment. In South Africa, the authority was the apartheid legislature. The apartheid government used the Native Lands Act of 1913 and the Group Areas Act of 1950 to segregate and isolate the population outside the colonizers. These areas were located to maximise the government’s ability to suppress the people in them. (Ducksters.com, 2010)