Zhuoqi xu 755991 part a by jacqui

AIR

ARCHITECTURE STUDIO, SEMESTER 1, 2017 TUTOR: FINNIAN WARNOCK

ZHUOQI XU (JACQUI) 755991

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

PART A: CONCEPTUALISATION A.1 Design Futuring

A.2 Design Computation

A.3 Composition/Generation

A.4 Conclusion

A.5 Learning Outcome

A.6 Algorithmic Sketch

BIBLIOGRAPHY

IMAGE REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION

HELLO! I am Zhuoqi and I am currently studying the second year architecture at The University of Melbourne. I was born in China, which is the biggest country in Asia with more than 5000 years of history and profound cultural heritage. It is common to see different kinds of buildings such as high-rise buildings in cities and lowstorey houses in countrysides. Because of various influence factors, like climate change, population spatial distribution, traffic serving level, buildings should satisfy many requirments. I have been learning painting for about 10 years, and feel interested in designing. After the college entrance examination, I went to Melbourne for my further college study. Although I did not get any design educate before, nor my family have related background, I insist my interest. No wonder learning architecture is a big challenge for me, besides language, digital technique, essay writing...I still believe this is the best choice in my study life. Also, I personlly believe good designs can hold the balance between human and nature.

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A.1

DESIGN FUTURING

"Design takes on a determinate life of its own - designed things go on designing.'' ----------------------Fry, Tony

A.1

DESIGN FUTURING

As for the main point of the design futuring, it refers to changing our thinking, then how and what we design. It is important to understand the "dialectic of sustainment", renewable resource is the vital feature to distinguish creation and destruction. This aspect diectly influence what materials we choose for designing objects. When we are thinking about the design, we need also connect with the "state of the world", such as climate change. In this view, design futuring is surrounded by slowing the rate of defuturing and redirecting us towards more sustainable mokdes of planetary habitation[1]. Maybe this also indicates the new trend of being more simple in architecture. Also, design represents the form of social background. on the other hand, design intelligence should satisfy changable envirnment of our dependence. According to the authors, we have inspired by radical architecture and fine art for a long time, which means we are required to keep with the trend of the times. In fact, with populations continues to grow, inadequate resources can not be ignored. As designers, we need more pluralism in design, not of style but of ideology and values.

One of the most interesting opinions is what matters in design are not its purposes, on the contrary, it should have a sort of social usefulness. This is the main point of "critical design". in authors' view, critical design represent good design, designers will realize weakness in their objects and alter them after critical design. Also, we need to consider the reality for sale, this is another aim of critical design, which stimulates the designers achieve high quality.

In fact, architecture design is a completed system of thinking and communication. Therefore, Fry's opinion of "design intelligence" should be adopted in our design processes[2]. From drawing our initial thinking at the starting point, then writing down the additional ideas before model making with sketching plans and sections. After finishing all the steps, that is the design outcome. Moreover, to satisfy the requirement of design futuring, we need to consider about sustainability, which means minimize the negative impact to environment by improving design process more efficiently.

1. Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp.Â 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;16 2. Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45

DRAW

WRITE

MODEL

SUSTAINABILITY OUTCOME

PRESENT

SKETCH

CASE STUDY A1.1

This is a nature boardwalk at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago. It was designed by Studio Gang Arcgitects, who got inspiretion from the tortoise shell. This new boardwalk circumscribing the pond passes through various educational zones that explicate the different animals, plants and habitat found in each. I really like this ceiling structure because people can enjoy different views in different open angles. Its laminated structure consists of prefabricated, bent-wood members and a series of interconnected fiberglass pods[3].

On the other hand, this structure is stable by its wood members connect each other, which give support one by one.

Also, the man-made project creates a relationship the extraneous landscape surrounding.

The reason I choose to research the project is that the nature boardwalk not only provide a crucial, connective habitat for resident and migratory animal populations, but also it used as a functional, selfsustaining solution to Chicago's aging stormwater infrastructure. In this view, the design makes the balance between nature and architecture which achieve sustainability.

Fig.1

This is a good example for design futuring, it makes people think about environmental relationship. In my opinion, another charateristic of design futuring is that the architect uses local benefits to make the project more sustainable.

3. The Design inspiration. (2011). Nature Boardwalk at Chicago Lincoln Park Zoo. <http://thedesigninspiration.com/articles/nature-boardwalk-at-chicago's-lincoln-parkzoo/> [accessed 10 March 2017]

Project: Nature Boardwalk in Lincoln Park Zoo Architect: Studio Gang Date: 2010 Location: Chicago

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CASE STUDY A1.2

According to the architect, the aim of designing the Ford Calumet Environmental Center is to educate visitors about the Calumet region's unique industrial and natural importance. In order to achieve environmental friendly, the project was constructed of salvaged steel from the Calumet industrial region and other remnant, recyable materials such as slag, glass bottles, bar stock, and rebar[4]. In this aspect, this project keeps the balance between nature and humans, because this natural materials were used in new ways which highlights the sustainable principle.

In addition, geothermal heat pumps, earth tubes, besides water collection systems are integrated into the whole project. From the whole design process, I think the architect makes the most of the environment characteristic, for instance, the project let people enjoy the sunshine meanwhile it can prevent from bad weather using its location. In conclusion, I think as for a good design, no matter how much smartly the building is, it should rely on the environment, reduce the negative impacts therefore it can exist in a sustainable way.

Fig.4

4. Ross barney architects. (2016). Ford Calumet Environmental Center. <http://www.r-barc. com/projects/ford-calumet-environmental-center/>. [accessed 11 March 2017]

Project: Ford Calumet Environmental Center Architect: Studio Gang Date: 2004 Location: Chicago

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A.2

DESIGN COMPUTATION

"Designâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s inherent optimism leaves no alternative but it is becoming clear that many of the challenges we face today are unfixable and that the only way to overcome them is by changing our values, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior." ----------------------Dune, Fiona

A.2

DESIGN COMPUTATION

Computational design represents a new design methodology in which computation in which computation act as a collaborator. According to the readings, it shows that formation precedes form, through the logic of the algorithm it creates design[5]. With the changes of times and social progress, the level of architectural design becomes higner along with the development of the digital techniques and raising of aesthetic requirements of the people, which also indicates new energy and structural calculations are springing up[6]. Therefore, the use of computer maximsing efficiency in production and communication in modern architectural design, such as form generation, performance, morphogenesis, tectonics, materialization, fabrication and so on[7].

In conclusion, computation design requires us to think logically and in a step-by-step manner. I think computation is really useful for our further design because it can make the whole design process deivided into many steps that can be evaluated, revised, and improved.

5. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10 6. Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 7. Issa, Rajaa ‘Essential Mathematics for Computational Design’, Second Edition, Robert McNeel and Associates, pp 1 - 42

CASE STUDY A2.1

The typical example of computational design is Blob Architecture, this refers to the buildings have organic building forms using computer-acided design. For instance, this is Sage Gateshead located in UK.

Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne, in the North East of England. It uses a curved glass and stainless steel building at the center. This project is consists with three seperate halls which do not touch[8]. From the facade, it looks like a cloud shape with irregular shells that can view outside. The organic curve is suitable for the surroundings. All these accurate works are done successfully thanks to computerisation.

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8. Engaging Places. (2014). Architecture in focus: The Sage Gateshead. <http://www. 20 engagingplaces.org.uk/teaching%20resources/art72217>. [accessed 10 March 2017]

Project: Sage Gateshead Architect: Foster and Partners, Buro Happold Date: December 2004 Location: Gateshead Quays, UK

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CASE STUDY A2.2

Another example is the Beijing National A q u a t i c s C e n t e r, i n o r d e r t o m a d e relationship with Bird's Nest stadium, it came out a cover of cube with bubbles. In addition, Water Cube is a steel space frame that is visually striking, energy efficient, and ecologically friendly. Through digital computation, the Water Cube has more than 4000 bubbles to built the crystalline structure as the figure shows.

During design development, it used Strand 7.0 finite-element analysis (FEA) software for structural analysis. Then it developed VBA scripts to export the analyzed and optimized MicroStation model to AutoCAD drawing files (DWG format), MicroStation TriForma drawings (DGN), and Excel spreadsheets (XLS) for data extraction.

The analysis data exported to MicroStation included end points and dimensioned section types. Scripts imported data files to recreate wireframe models, with annotations of element number and section type, for integrity checks and production. These were all used to create 3D primitives, constructed in an element-aligned local coordinate system before being translated back into the global coordinate system[9]. In conclusion, computation helps the designer expand the idea such as data into dital model, also the designers can add extra elements in the design thinking process.

Fig.11

9. The Australian Institute of Architects. (2013). Watercube - National Swimming Centre Beijing. <http://dynamic.architecture.com.au/awards_search?option=showaward&entry no=2008196910>. [accessed 11 March 2017]

Project: Beijing National Aquatics Center Architect: PTW Architects, CSCES, CCDI, and Arup Date: 2007 Location: Beijing, China

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A.3

COMPOSITION/GENERATION

"Computation makes possible not only the simulation and communication of the constructional aspects of a building, but also the experience and the creation of meaning." ----------------------Stan Allen

A.3

COMPOSITION/GENERATION

With the development of computation technology, architectual practice has shifted from composition to generation. This means computation technology is widely used and plays an important role in architectual design processes and idea generation. Compared to traditional sketching, when designers use computation technology, it will become more accurate and vivid. Composition is the basic organizing element of an artistic form, which coordinates parts with each other and with the whole.

On the other hand, generative design mimics nature’s evolutionary approach to design. It appeaars because the world is becoming increasingly infiltrated and mediated by electronic systems and devices[10]. According to Anthony Dunne, he regarded design as "relocating the electronic product beyond a culture of relentless innovation for its own sake, based simply on what is technologically possible and semiologically consumable, to a broader context of critical possible and semiologically consumable, to a broader context of critical thinking about its role in everyday life" [11]. Therefore, design using generative methods involves the creation and modification of rules or systems that interact to generate t h e f i n i s h e d d e s i g n a u t o n o m o u s l y. For example, Blob architecture needs designers using computation technology to thinking design process.

10. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 11. Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12

CASE STUDY A3.1

The Heydar Aliyev Center shows a fluid form which emerges by the folding of the landcape's natural topography anf by wrapping of individual functions of the center. According to the designer, the project establishes a continues, fluid relationship between its surrounding plaza and the building's interior. The plaza was well designed as it is accessible to all as part of Baku's urban fabric, and rises to envelop an equally public interior space[12]. To analysis specifically, the monotonous array of designs can be generated by the same design methods. For instance, the curve shape can be created by grasshopper.

In my views, this irregular facade has elaborate formations such as undulations, bifurcations, folds, and inflections, it seems really unsuitable with surroundings, on the contrary, it makes the whole site more harmonious. With a slight look the Heydar Aliyev Center gives the feeling of being whole, without structure, but their shapes make extreme engineering. The designers were focus on its fluid form that emerges by the folding of the natural topography of the landscape and wrapping of individual functions within. According to the research, the flowing parametric shapes are the symbol of the Zaha Hadid's design. I think this element may can use in my further design.

Fig.14

12. Archdaily. (2013). Heydar Aliyev Center / Zaha Hadid Architects. <http://www.archdaily. com/448774/heydar-aliyev-center-zaha-hadid-architects/>. [accessed 11 March 2017]

Project: Heydar Aliyev Center Architect: Zaha Hadid Date: 10 May 2012 Location: Baku, Azerbaijan

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CASE STUDY A3.1

This is dine-in restaurant with rigid geometries design. From viewing the facade, it combines the qualities of a dome and surface, the hybrid form employs the structural strengths of both applications. According to the research, the project used the wooden armature with rough textured plywood. The architect started designing with a parametric exploration as the figure shows. As the computation design we mentioned before, the architect used CNC routing and systematic assemblage[13]. During the design process, the architects adjust different materials, for example, threaded steel rods affixed into a double thickness vertical plywood panel were used in slab for it can improve the efficiency of the structure.

In my opinion, this object inspires me of computation design. It is difficult to show the these grid curves by handdrawing, however, digital drawing can do any random curves or angles we want. Meanwhile, computer modelling is also a good way to test materials. In order to matintain accuracy during production and assemblage we can sourced from the natural materials and encompassed digital generation besides fabrication.

Fig.17

13. Marija Bojovic. (2013). Parametric Undulating Structure For The Indigo Deli / Sameep Padora And Associates. <http://www.evolo.us/architecture/parametric-undulating-structurefor-the-indigo-deli-sameep-padora-and-associates/>. [accessed 11 March 2017]

Project: Indigo Deli Architect: sameep padora and associates Date: 2012 Location: Mumbai, India

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A.4

After studying part A, I think I need to redefine "design". In our college design studio, sometimes we may focus more on the smart ideas, but actually, when we design a project, we need to consider a lot of influence factors, such as the materials, climate, client profile and so on. As we mentioned in design futuring, we should use limited environmental materials to maximun efficiency, because sustainability is the core topic during the design process.

On the other hand, design computation is becoming common used in architecture. we can use computational tools evolved from its plane to become a generative form. It is really helpful to create new deesign, and we can also use these tools to improve our design. Digital models are much easier to to make revisions for insufficiency.

CONCLUSION

According from my task, ceiling, as a common component in interior design, I may start with its material, as the material is an important part for both structure and aesthetic. I will use computational tools to choose the most suitable one. For the following steps, I may consider about the surrounding and client profile. For instance, I will think about the shape to make the whole site more harmonious by using rhino and laster-cutting. Also, client profile is important to embady the design become humanized, like the number of the client, the type of the occupants.

From the last part, it is necessary to draw the inspiration down, and then we can use computation design methods to make it more completed. As the author claims that computation should be integrated as a intuitive and natural way to design, not a mere tool to generate unusual forms, that is to say the most important part of design is thinking.

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A.5

After three weeks' learning, I gradually learning to use grasshopper. The emerging of digital tools creates lots of benefits for architectural design. I will spend more time to learn them. Another important part for me is thinking. Architecture is not only simply model making, but the inspiration behind the design. We need to tranfer our ideas into the actual life with considering a lot of factors and then get the outcomes. Furthermore, before starting design a project, I will go to the liabrary to search related resources. For an architect, the impulse to be genuinely useful is one that we should cultivate, encourage and celebrate. During the design process, we need to ask ourselves, what does it really mean in reality? I think this is the ambition and makes me keep thinking.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

As for my present works, I think I did not finish them very completed. Rather than digital tools, I often used hand drawing, but actually computational sketching is more direct-viewing. For instance, in my Water studio, I want to show fluid curve surface, but handdrawing cannot show it accuately, for now I will try to use grasshopper to show the iterations. Although I still need to improve a lot in both thinking and computation, I will try my best and keep learning. All these design methods will keep me reminding the relationships and compose aesthetic in my deisgn.

A.6

APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

The more information refers to the sketch book 37

WEEK 2 UK PAVILION

WEEK 1 ATTRACTION COLUMNS

WEEK 3 IMAGE SAMPLE

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. The Design inspiration. (2011). Nature Boardwalk at Chicago Lincoln Park Zoo. <http://thedesigninspiration.com/articles/nature-boardwalk-at-chicago's-lincoln-parkzoo/> [accessed 10 March 2017] 2. Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16 3. Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45 4. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10 5. Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 6. Issa, Rajaa ‘Essential Mathematics for Computational Design’, Second Edition, Robert McNeel and Associates, pp 1 - 42 7. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 8. Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12 9. Engaging Places. (2014). Architecture in focus: The Sage Gateshead. <http://www. engagingplaces.org.uk/teaching%20resources/art72217>. [accessed 10 March 2017] 10. The Australian Institute of Architects. (2013). Watercube - National Swimming Centre Beijing. <http://dynamic.architecture.com.au/awards_search?option=showaward&entry no=2008196910>. [accessed 11 March 2017] 11. Archdaily. (2013). Heydar Aliyev Center / Zaha Hadid Architects. <http://www. archdaily.com/448774/heydar-aliyev-center-zaha-hadid-architects/>. [accessed 11 March 2017] 12. Wikiarquitectura. (2017). Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center. <https://en.wikiarquitectura. com/building/heydar-aliyev-cultural-center/>. [accessed 11 March 2017] 13. Marija Bojovic. (2013). Parametric Undulating Structure For The Indigo Deli / Sameep Padora And Associates. <http://www.evolo.us/architecture/parametricundulating-structure-for-the-indigo-deli-sameep-padora-and-associates/>. [accessed 11 March 2017] 14. Ross barney architects. (2016). Ford Calumet Environmental Center. <http://www. r-barc.com/projects/ford-calumet-environmental-center/>. [accessed 11 March 2017] 40

IMAGE REFERENCE 1.2.3. http://thedesigninspiration.com/articles/nature-boardwalk-at-chicago's-lincolnpark-zoo/ 4.5.6. http://studiogang.com/project/ford-calumet-environmental-center 7.8.9.10. http://www.engagingplaces.org.uk/teaching%20resources/art72217 11.12. http://www.arup.com/projects/chinese_national_aquatics_center/watercube_ overview_1 13. http://thecreativeleadershipforum.com/creativity-matters-blog/2008/8/9/creativeleadership-and-the-water-cube-at-the-beijing-olympi.html 14.15.16. http://www.archdaily.com/448774/heydar-aliyev-center-zaha-hadid-architects 17.18. http://www.evolo.us/architecture/parametric-undulating-structure-for-the-indigodeli-sameep-padora-and-associates/

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