Correlation has always been a methodology for SEO’s to discover and collect correlates, which are measurements that share a relationship with the independent variable. For example, speaking of rankings, we know that backlink counts and social shares are correlates of ranking order. Correlation also helps us with the direction of a relationship – direct or inverse proportions – and can also help us rule out proposed ranking factors. You must remember that research that provides a negative result is also as valuable as research that provides a positive result.
With the above understanding, we now know that a variable can predict a future change for sure. This is the foundation upon which the below mentioned correlation model is built. Instead of measuring the correlation between links/shares with a SERP, it could be beneficial to measure the correlation between these factors with the changes observed in SERPs over time. For this, you first need to collect a SERP. Then, you need to collect the link counts for each URL in the SERP. Here, you must look for any URL pairs that are out of order, with respect to links, and record the anomaly. Do the same review after a fortnight, and check if the anomalies have been corrected. You can do this across thousands of keywords and test a number of different factors. With this study, we can analyze if a particular ranking factor is a leading or lagging element. A lagging factor can there and then be automatically ruled out.