The Exchange of the Ordinary - Design Thinking

D e s i g n

T h i n k i n g

Exchange The

The architecture of

Ordinary of the

J a i r o

The architecture of the

L a v e r d e

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D e s i g n T h i n k i n g F A L L 2 0 1 8

Exchange The

Ordinary of the

Professor. A N T O N I O S A N M A R T I N Facult y Assistant . B E N A R E N B E R G

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D I S C O U R(Hypothesys) S E The Architecture of the ordinary The Architecture of exchange

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Carondelet

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Benton Park

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Mapping ordinary and the ordinary P o s s i b l e F u t u r e s Mapping exchange Mapping the ordinary

P R O G R A M M A T R I X C a s e

S t u d i e s

PROGRAM

INVEN TOR Y MECHA NIC S

S P E C U L A T I O N

a p p e n d i x HYPOTHESES Word Definitions Deck of 52 cards

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99 101 104 114

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DISCOURSE

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The architecture of the ordinary

Superficiality is today’s depth. Changes in trends are frequent and mandated by politics and the face of society that is visible to us, but deep changes that shape our nature and development are not common. We live in a transitory and shifting society with an unconscious desire to consume. This translates to our constant necessity for renewal of the built environment and contributes to the banality of the architecture produced today, an architecture of strip malls and office buildings that devalues architecture.

What is the architecture that truly fulfills us and not only satisfies our basic needs?

The passing of knowledge from generation to generation has worked as a tool for success within civilizations. If comunal awareness/consciousness is converted to an informational layer of architecture through time, the architecture of the ordinary has the opportunity of becoming the architecture of the extraordinary.

“Every generation must build its own city” - Sant’ Elia

HYPOTHESIS 2.01

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The architecture of exchange

We live in a time in which our buildings consume high amounts of energy and only give us a limited set of benefits. If we are conscious of these trends, why do we continue to rely upon wasteful behaviors.

A comprehensive and sensitive approach to architecture is the start of the solution to these problem. The integration of nature, technology, and people can contribute to shifting the existing behavior and setting the ground for events to germinate a new trend within architecture, a trend in which we reciprocate with the built realm.

This architecture of exchange can only exist when there is a social program and focus behind it’s intent, when the physicality of the structures we live in truly become part of our environment and our daily development.

“There can be no great architecture without a social program.” - Zaha Hadid

HYPOTHESIS 2.02

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BENTON PARK

CARONDELET

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CONTEXT

ARONDELE ARONDELET 12

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The architecture of the ordinary

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Superficiality is today’s depth. Changes in trends are frequent and mandated by politics and the face of society that is visible to us, but deep changes that shape our nature and development are not common. We live in a transitory and shifting society with an unconscious desire to consume. This translates to our constant necessity for renewal of the built environment and contributes to the banality of the architecture produced today, an architecture of strip malls and office buildings that devalues architecture .

What is the architecture that truly satisfies us and not only fulfills our basic needs?

MIS

SIS SI

PPI RI

VER

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Ordinary Architecture Architecture of the ordinary Vacant lot ZONNING Park Two Family Single Family Neighborhood Commercial 0’

90’

180’

6400 - 6500 BLOCKS ON PENNSYLVANIA AVE

ORDINARY ARCHITECTURE

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Row of houses along Pennsylvania Ave built on symmetrical parcels and using the same design of facade and spatial configvuration.

t deep changes that shape our nature are not common. We live in a transitory 7100 BLOCK OF ALABAMA AVE ty with an unconscious desire to conTHE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ORDINARY ates to our constant necessity for renewal nment and contributes to the banality of roduced today, an architecture of strip uildings that devalues architecture .

AL AB A

MA AV E

ecture that truly satisfies us and not only eeds?

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7 1 4 5

7 1 4 3

7 1 4 1

Ordinary A

Architectu

7 1 4 8

7 1 4 6

7 1 4 2

7 1 4 0

The row of houses along the 7100 block of Alabama Avenue are an example of the architetcure of the ordinary . The housing typology happening within this block is a mixture of the ordinary architecture that happens in other parts of the neighborhood, where rows of houses are deigned using On this block the housing typology contrasts all around, all houses are designed and constucted differently. Vacancy is also noticeable within the block.

7 1 3 9

7 1 3 7

7 1 3 3

7 1 3 1

7 1 3 8

7 1 3 6

7 1 3 4

7 1 3 0

7129

7128

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7100 BLOCK OF ALABAMA AVE

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7 125-27

7 1 2 6

7 1 2 3

7 1 2 1

7 1 1 9

7 1 2 4

7 1 2 2

7 1 1 8

7 1 1 7

7 1 1 3

7 1 1 1

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7105

7 1 1 6

7 1 1 2

7 1 0 6

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7100

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OSSIBLE FUTURE 23

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The footprint of the buildings settled in the neighborhood has gradually changed overtime. Proposals have been made to refurbish and repurpose many of these buildings.

The change in the shape of the river is a sign of physical exchange between man and nature. The necessity of land through time forced the inhabitants of Carondelet to extend the land over the rivers boundary.

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Existing Building Footprints 1904 Building Footprints Current riverfront silhouette 1904 riverfront silhouette 1880 riverfront silhouette 1880 Proposed river expansion 7200 BROADWAY BLOCK - proposed demolition

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7200 BROADWAY BLOCK

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Proposed demolition of what was once the main hub for merchants and traders in the Carndonelet neighborhood.

The block, which once hosted the main exchange driving force in the area, a healthy set of shops and restaurants, has lost it’s energy and been abandoned for over 10 years. It is located just feet away from many of the new driving forces in the area ( industrial driven for the most part), which are not pedesrtian or comunity engaging as this block once was.

Preservation Board rejects demolition proposal for historic business district ST. LOUIS – Proposed plans to demolish a historic business district in south St. Louis were put on hold Monday.

Owner Jaymes Dearing of Watkins 7200 LLC. said that he wants to demolish some of the long-time buildings in the 7200 block of South Broadway and add new development.

Most of the buildings in the area date back to the 1870’s and many of them are still intact.

Dearing of Watkins purchased all of them four years ago with the intention of redeveloping and renovating them.

But he said that those plans took a different turn.

“Without the lenders coming through and other investors stepping up to help me with the project I couldn’t pull it off,” Dearing said, “and now four years later the block is deteriorated and development cost more.”

The city’s Director of Cultural Resources has denied Dearing’s request for a demolition permit, a decision Dearing has appealed. The Preservation Board reviewed that denial at its Tuesday meeting and rejected the idea as well.

“This was one plan that was put forward that we thought we’d try and run with and the city and the board doesn’t like it.” Dearing said.

“I’m not done with it and I still own the property and I still have a big investment on South Broadway.”

Some people who live close to the business district opposed Dearing’s idea and spoke at the meeting.

“I don’t understand why we would tear down a block of historically significant buildings that have tremendous architectural potential for something that might not even happen,” said Nini Harris, “it’s a very disturbing scenario.”

Andrew Weil, executive director of Landmarks Association of St. Louis said, he is not convinced that if the buildings were to be torn down, something new and better would take place.

“Unfortunately for him (Dearing) tonight he didn’t present evidence that this was the case,” said Weil.

Weil went on to say that too many times demolitions happen in similar areas but hardly ever does new development follow.

“And that’s what has killed a lot of neighborhoods and lost a lot of buildings,” Weil said.

“People said, ‘We’re going to do something, with this,’ and then once the buildings are gone those plans disappear.”

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The architecture of exchange

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We live in a time in which our buildings consume high amounts of energy and only give us a limited set of benefits. If we are conscious of these trends, why do we continue to rely upon wasteful behaviors.

A comprehensive and sensitive approach to architecture is the start of the solution to these problem. The integration of nature, technology, and people can contribute to shifting the existing behavior and setting the ground for events to germinate a new trend within architecture, a trend in which we reciprocate with the built realm.

This architecture of exchange can only exist when there is a social program and focus behind it’s intent, when the physicality of the structures we live in truly become part of our environment and our daily development.

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EXCHANGE Faith for Faith. (Church) Time & Money for Knowledge. (School) Time for Knowledge (Library) Energy for Money (Industrvvial) Money for Goods (Commercial) WASTE ZONNING Two Family Single Family Neighborhood Commercial

0’

90’

180’

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Metal processing facility WASTE (Vacancy) Extension of Exchange 0’

30’

90’

120’

METAL SCRAP YARD at 6400 S BROADWAY

ARCHITECTURE OF EXCHANGE 7

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Gathering + Drop off

Exchange, more than an action, is a process. On this scrap yard in Carondelet, the process of giving wasted material a second second life, begins the moment a person decides to pick up material and dedicate their time and energy to carry on this process. The received material is classified and processed according to what may be necessary. At some point during this process, small pieces of metal are unintentionally dropped on the surrounding landscape, this unintentional action begins to change the existing conditions of the site and extends the process to the immediate context. This unententional action also breaks the linearity of the process.

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Cluster

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Organized cluster

ALUMINUM

STEEL

COPPER

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Classification

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Re-purpose

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4’ Unintentional return to landscape

ENTON PARK PAR 46

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The architecture of the ordinary Superficiality is today’s depth. Changes in trends are frequent and mandated by politics and the face of society that is visible to us, but deep changes that shape our nature and development are not common. We live in a transitory and shifting society with an unconscious desire to consume. This translates to our constant necessity for renewal of the built environment and contributes to the banality of the architecture produced today, an architecture of strip malls and office buildings that devalues architecture .

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What is the architecture that truly satisfies us and not only fulfills our basic needs?

Ordinary Architecture Architecture of the ordinary Vacant lot Intersection of ordinary ZONNING MultiFamily Two Family Industrial Commercial

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The architecture of the ordinary Superficiality is today’s depth. Changes in trends are frequent and mandated by politics and the face of society that is visible to us, but deep changes that shape our nature and development are not common. We live in a transitory and shifting society with an unconscious desire to consume. This translates to our constant necessity for renewal of the built environment and contributes to the banality of the architecture produced today, an architecture of strip malls and office buildings that devalues architecture .

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What is the architecture that truly satisfies us and not only fulfills our basic needs?

Ordinary Architecture Architecture of the ordinary Vacant lot Intersection of ordinary ZONNING Building footprint

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PROGRAM

MATRIX STRUCTURE + VECTORS

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MATRIX ARMATURE + PROGRAM

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MATRIX PROGRAM + MATTER

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MATRIX MATRIX

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ASE STUDIE 63

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Continuous bookshelf condition inside main atrium at Tianjin Binhai Library.

Tianjin Binhai Library _ MVRDV Year: 2007 Area: 33700 m2 / 362743 ft2 Size: 6 story building Auditorium for 110 people Can hold up to 1,200,000 books - Current number of books is 200,000.

Occupants: 10,000 visitors daily - 15,000 on the weekend Budget: Undisclosed Built in: 3 years Hours of operation: Tuesday to Sunday, 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.

Typical floor height 5m/15 feet Oopen atrium height 15-30m / 45/90 feet The standard book size is six inches wide and nine inches tall (6”x9”) 40 “ of clear space between aisles/furniture in the library

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66 2 MW data center specs

The Spark _ Snohetta transform high energy-consuming typology into an energy-producing resource for communities to generate their own power.

Year: 2018-20 Area: 25,000 - 35,0000 ft2 Size: -Model is based on capacity of 200 racks (2 MW data center) -Machines will be filled in stages, and that the center will scale in height and length depending on the size and requirements/ profitability of the center Occupants: Budget: Built in: 2020 Expected worldwide data in 2020: 44,000,000,000,000,000,000 Gigabytes / Accounting for 2% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions.

The energy generated from the data center travels through buildings and infrastructure, gradually giving off more and more of its heat, before returning to the data center and efficiently cooling it down.

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Casa de las Ideas Library _CROstudio

Collective space where learning and interaction of information goes beyond the simple accessibility of these services.

Year: 2012 Area: 220m2 Size: 2 Story building Occupants: 30 Individual working open space stations ( Computers with 36“ of clear space around them) placed within 3

different levels along the main library space.

2 Individual working private stations

1 Indoor Auditorium for up to 60 people (sitting down)

1 Amphitheatre for up to 80 people

1 Reception for 3 people, serves inside and outside Budget: Built in: 2012

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Program axonometric

Section Diagram

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Close up view of seeds at the end on rods in the interior of the building.

Seed Cathedral

(UK Pavilion for Shanghai World Expo 2010) _ Heatherwick Studio

Heatherwick’s idea of involving Kew Gardens’ Millennium Seedbank whose mission is to collect the seeds of 25% of the world’s plant species by 2020. The Seed Cathedral’s 60,000 optic hairs, each one containing the huge potential of life, will be distributed across China and the UK to hundreds of schools

Year: 2015 Area: The Seed Cathedral, and multi-layered landscape occupy a 64,500 ft2 (6,000m2) site.

The total area of the Cathedral is 6700 ft2 , the occupiable area of the pavilion is 1800 ft2 Size: 60 feet (20 meters) in height, 75 feet (25 meters) in length.

Transparent fibre optic rods, each 25 feet (7.5 metres) long, each encasing one or more seeds at its tip.

250,000 plant seeds at the end of 60,000 fibre optic filaments, 20mm square in section , held in place by

geometrically-cut holes with the rods inserted therein.

Occupants: 7,000,000 visited pavillion during 6 months of Expo. 73,000,000 visited pavillion during 6 months of Expo Budget: £25,000,000 / $28,350,000

In order to reduce unnecessary transportation, 75% of the materials for the UK Pavilion were sourced from within a radius of 300km around Shanghai.

Built in: 2012

Longitudinal section through Seed Cathedral and landscape intervention

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Floor Plan

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GLOBAL DATA CENTER (s) 2 MW data center specs DATA SERVER ROOM Space for: Data Storage Units

Cooling

Power

Storage

Anglary

Egress / Circulation

18,000 ft2 2,000 ft2 2,000 ft2 500 ft2 400 ft2 2,000 ft2 25,000 ft2 TOTAL

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MECHANICAL Space for: Transformer

Generator

Battery (Back-Up)

Main Switchboard

2,000 ft2 1,500 ft2 2,000 ft2 500 ft2 6,000 ft2 TOTAL

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LOCAL LIBRARY with focus on collection of local knowledge on re-purposing of material MAIN COLLECTION Space for: Entrance / Lounge

Main Desk

Offices / Admin

Main Collection

Main Seating - Reading Area

Reference Collection

Reading / Study Rooms

Multipurpose Room

Computer Rooms

Children Services + Collection

Young Adult Collection

Auditorium

Amphitheatre

Bathrooms Mainteineance Systems Circulation

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43,000 ft2 TOTAL

2,000 ft2 2,500 ft2 3,000 ft2 13,000 ft2 20,000 ft2 TOTAL

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SERVICE Space for:

3,000 ft2 3,200 ft2 3,000 ft2 8,000 ft2 5,00 ft2 2,000 ft2 2,000 ft2 2,000 ft2 2,000 ft2 15,000 ft2 2,000 ft2

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research

Laboratories

5,000 sq ft

CON

AUDITORIUM

G AT HER I N G

Main Desk Entrance / Lounge 3,000 sq ft

3,000 sq ft

2 ,000 f t 2 2 ,000 f t 2 2 ,000 f t 2

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8,000 f t2 2 ,000 f t2 1 5,000 f t2 2 ,000 f t2

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S torage Uni t s C oo ling P ow er S torage A nglar y E gr ess / C ir culat ion

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SECTIONAL SPECULATION

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SECTIONAL SPECULATION

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SECTIONAL SPECULATION

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appendix

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HYPOTHESIS 1.0 The end of architecture realization, the beginning of architecture opportunity.

What happens after we are gone.

Does a building keep on standing for what it originally stood for (PROGRAM +PHYSICALLY)? What determines its future?

Future transformation/use of program. Re-use What is an empty space? Is it art or is it architecture?

Architecture can only happen when there’s a social program behind it’s intent.

What is the architecture that develops on the periphery (context) of what is built ?

It is something out of our reach.

How can we cater to the idea of originality (experiment) when we are making a product that is easier to market when it is more neutral (easier to understand/build).

Are we doomed by the effect of consumerism in architecture?

SY ST EM / PER CEPT IO N / E VOLUT ION PHYSICAL STRUCTURE PROGRAM CONTEXT CLIENT USER TECHNOLOGY Does technology have the potential to become part of the “infrastructure” required to make architecture ?

-Is it an enhancer ? Or diminisher? (of experience) Is the use of technology in the built environment a window for equality.

What are projects that have withstood the passing of time? Qualities

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HYPOTHESIS 1.01 Perception is affected by multiple factors, they each have a level of “control” 1 being most 3 least individual’s personal traits are the main determinants (1) traits or the characteristics of the target (3) time, work environment and social environment (2) The ability to affects a person’s perspective may lead to a change in their behavior, hence change in decision making, generating a potential domino effect of successful decisions along communities.

Can this be applied to the built environment ?

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HYPOTHESIS 1.02 Systems vary in scale from the human body to a city and may differ on the surface , but they tend to share constant similarities of organization and operation. Systems can be divided into open and closed systems. The closed, consist of environments that resolve within each other and don’t depend on context. Open systems, can extend their boundaries and exchange energy, matter or information from the context they develop in.

How can architecture continue to be successful when the “systems” we design for today will change or be absent tomorrow?

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Ordinary

(adjective) : THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ORDINARY

WEBSTER

1. of a kind to be expected in the normal order of events an ordinary day 2. having or constituting immediate or original jurisdiction 3 a : of common quality, rank, or ability b : deficient in quality BRITANNICA

Belonging to the regular or usual order or course of things; having a place in a fixed or regulated sequence; occurring in the course of regular custom or practice; normal; customary; usual.

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Exchange : THE ARCHITECTURE OF EXCHANGE WEBSTER

1. the act of giving or taking one thing in return for another : TRADE 2 . a: the act or process of substituting one thing for another

b: reciprocal giving and receiving 3 . something offered, given, or received in an exchange 4 . a: funds payable currently at a distant point either in a foreign currency or in domestic currency

b(1): interchange or conversion of the money of two countries or of current and noncurrent money with allowance for difference in value

(2): EXCHANGE RATE (3): the amount of the difference in value between two currencies or between values of a particular currency at two places

c: instruments (such as checks or bills of exchange) presented in a clearinghouse for settlement

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Empty : THE ARCHITECTURE OF EMPTY WEBSTER

1

a : containing nothing ; not filled or occupied. b : not occupied or inhabited c: without any meaning or purpose: d : UNFREQUENTED

BRITANNICA

Emptiness, also called Nothingness, or Void, in mysticism and religion, a state of “pure consciousness� in which the mind has been emptied of all particular objects and images; also, the undifferentiated reality (a world without distinctions and multiplicity) or quality of reality that the emptied mind reflects or manifests.

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Context : THE ARCHITECTURE OF CONTEXT WEBSTER

1.

2.

the parts of a discourse that surround a word or passage and can throw light on its meaning the interrelated conditions in which something exists or occurs :ENVIRONMENT, SETTING.

WIKIPEDIA

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In semiotics, linguistics, sociology and anthropology, context refers to those objects or entities which surround a focal event, in these disciplines typically a communicative event, of some kind. Context is “a frame that surrounds the event and provides resources for its appropriate interpretation�. It is thus a relativistic concept, only definable with respect to some focal event, not independently.

BRITANNICA

One of the simplest instance of relational (or context) effects in perception is that of brightness contrast. Thus, the apparent brightness of a stimulus depends not only on its own luminance but also on that of the surrounding stimulation. The same gray square looks whiter against a dark background and blacker when placed in a bright surround. Similarly, a white or gray patch will take on an apparent hue that is complementary to the colour of the surround (e.g., the patch will seem tinged with yellow when it is placed against a blue background).

Domino effect : THE ARCHITECTURE OF DOMINO WEBSTER

a cumulative effect produced when one event initiates a succession of similar events — compare RIPPLE EFFECT WIKIPEDIA

A domino effect or chain reaction is the cumulative effect produced when one event sets off a chain of similar events.[1] The term is best known as a mechanical effect, and is used as an analoy to a falling row of dominoes. It typically refers to a linked sequence of events where the time between successive events is relatively small. It can be used literally (an observed series of actual collisions) or metaphorically (causal linkages within systems such as global finance or politics). The term domino effect is used both to imply that an event is inevitable or highly likely (as it has already started to happen), and conversely to imply that an event is impossible or highly unlikely (the one domino left standing).

BRITANNICA

Domino theory, also called Domino Effect, theory in U.S. foreign policy after World War II stating that the “fall” of a noncommunist state to communism would precipitate the fall of noncommunist governments in neighbouring states. The theory was first proposed by President Harry S. Truman to justify sending military aid to Greece and Turkey in the 1940s, but it became popular in the 1950s when President Dwight D. Eisenhower applied it to Southeast Asia, especially South Vietnam. The domino theory was one of the main arguments used in the Kenedy and Johnson administrations during the 1960s to justify increasing American military involvement in the Vietnam War.

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Event : THE ARCHITECTURE OF EVENT WEBSTER

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1 a archaic : OUTCOME b: the final outcome or determination of a legal action c: a postulated outcome, condition, or eventuality in the event that I am not there, call the house 2 a: something that happens : OCCURRENCE b: a noteworthy happening c: a social occasion or activity d: an adverse or damaging medical occurrences heart attack or other cardiac event 3: any of the contests in a program of sports 4: the fundamental entity of observed physical reality represented by a point designated by three coordinates of place and one of time in the space-time continuum postulated by the theory of relativity 5: a subset of the possible outcomes of an experiment.

BRITANNICA

Event, notion that became of singular importance in the philosophical speculation about relativity physics.

The best-known analyses are those of the 20th-century English philosopher Bertrand Russell, for whom event replaced the vaguer notion of body, and the 20th-century English philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, for whom events were formed by a nexus of actual occasions. In general, in both views an event is that which occurs at a given time and place.

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Koolhaas, Rem, and Arc en rêve centre d’architecture, eds. Mutations. Barcelona : Bordeaux , France: ACTAR ; Arc en rêve centre d’architecture, 2000.

Koolhaas, Rem, Bruce Mau, Jennifer Sigler, Hans Werlemann, and Office for Metropolitan Architecture, eds. Small, Medium, Large, E x tra-Large: Office for Metropolitan Architecture, Rem Koolhaas and Bruce Mau. Rotterdam : New York: 010 Publishers ; Monacelli Press, 1995.

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Koolhaas, Rem. Delirious New York : A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan. New ed. New York: Monacelli Press, 1994.

Tschumi, Bernard. The Manhattan Transcripts. 2nd ed. London : New York , NY: Academy Editions ; Distributed to the trade in the USA by St . Mar tin’s Press, 1994.

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Venturi, R. (197 1). R. Venturi. Tokyo, Japan: A U Pub. Foucault , Michel, and Jay Miskowiec. “Of Other Spaces.” Diacritics 16, no. 1 (1986): 22-27.

Gordon, Colin. Mapping Decline: St . Louis and the Fate of the American City. Politics and Culture in Modern America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.

Peter eisenman. (2012). Place of publication not identified: Duc. Torday, R. (2007). Richard Rogers. Barcelona: Loft Publications.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Hadid, Z ., Levene, R. C., & Cecilia, F. M. (2001). Zaha Hadid: 1996-2001 ; landscape as a plan ; a conversation with Zaha Hadid.

Allen, Stan. Points lines: diagrams and projects for the city. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2012 . Print .

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