Architectural Design Studio Semester 1, 2018 by Eddy Jameler De Leon

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEMESTER 1, 2018 EDDY JAMELER DE LEON 101157415

CONTENTS TRIANGULATED STRUCTURE BRIEF DESIGN GENERATION PHYSICAL PROTOTYPE

PRECEDENT RESEARCH AGGREGATED POROSITY SYSTEM ANALYSIS TECTONIC ELEMENTS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FABRICATION

MID-SEMESTER DEVELOPABLE SURFACES TENSILE STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS MATERIAL TESTING CONSTRUCTION PHYSICAL PROTOTYPE CRITICAL ANALYSIS DESIGN PROCESS DIGITAL MODELLING EXPLORATION DESIGN DEVELOPMENT RENDERS

CONTENTS PRECEDENT RESEARCH DEEP SURFACE PROTOTYPE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FABRICATION MUNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FABRICATION

END OF SEMESTER PHYSICAL PROTOTYPE SITE SELECTION EXPLORATION DESIGN DEVELOPMENT RENDERS

AMDC VOID INSTALLATION CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT DIGITAL MODELLING RENDERS CONSTRUCTION

DIGITAL SKETCHBOOK ALGORITHMIC SCRIPTING

Abstract Triangulated Structure TRIANGULAR PANELS OFFER A LARGE OPPORTUNITY FOR EXPLORATION - TURNING SIMPLE GEOMETRY INTO COMPLEX FORMS

Designing the structure through simple geometry like the triangle offers the opportunity to create complex forms without unnecessary distortion.

Depending on the complexity of the design, the application of triangular panels onto extreme forms often resulted in distorted triangles.

These triangles offer a planar, tessellation providing the ability to assemble the structure with a low margin for human error. Fabrication of the panels possible by the use of custommade templates and laser cutter.

This distortion proved to be a challenge during the assembly of forms due to the complexity of strips. Some components resulted being very thin, with acute angles proving difficult to identify and connect.

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

UTILIZING THE TROTEC SPEEDY500 LASER CUTTER IN THE SWINBURNE WORKSHOP, WE WERE ABLE TO FABRICATE THE CUSTOM PANELS NEEDED TO CREATE OUR PHYSICAL PROTOTYPE.

The custom-made template were developed using 3D digital modelling technology. The geometry was triangulated and the triangles required were laid out on a 2D surface.

Cut lines were to be shown as 0.01pt red stroke, and colour set to R=255, G=0, B=0.

The Trotec Speedy500 Laser Cutter only recognizes lines of specific colours:

Raster Etching can be any combination of lines and strokes with colour set to R=0, G=0, B=0. The thinnest black etching stroke in the digital file should be no less than 0.5pt-0.75pt.

Red: Cutting Line, Blue: Vector Etching, Black: Raster Etching. Other colours would be ignored.

Vector Etching should always be shown as 0.1pt blue stroke only and colour set to R=0, G=0, B=255

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Physical Prototype

Trotec Speedy500 Laser Cutter

Prototype 1 consisted of 132 triangulated panels and was laser cut with Trotec Speedy500 1200mm x 700mm - 3mm Corrugated Cardboard

Custom-made printable templates used for laser cutting and the fabrication process were created utilizing Computer Aided Design software Rhinoceros 6 and Grasshopper.

Precedent Research FOR OUR GROUP PROJECT, WE WERE ASKED TO LOOK FOR REAL LIFE PROJECTS WITH UNIQUE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS FOR OUR GROUP TO EXPLORE THROUGHOUT THE SEMESTER.

My chosen precedent study project was a canopy design created by Digital Architecture Lab in China. What captured my interest was the structural layering and complexity of the project. Shortly after, I decided that I would like to explore this type of tectonic elements .

As we were put into groups of three, we decided to choose one precedent study for each group member and the plan was to adapt specific unique elements from each of our chosen precedents, and apply these elements into our own pavilion design

01.

Rigid

02.

Fluid

03.

Continuity

Dynamic 16

DIGITAL ARCHITECTURE LAB 03

Canopy Design

FABRICATION

CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS

Within the dynamic form, curvature varies across the surface. Such a curvature variation provides a basic input for the propagated component to create differentiated openings. Several steps of optimization have been taken to subdivide the surface: by looking for a balanced point between the most dynamic grid which result in drastic variation in the shape/size of grid cells and the most identical grid cellsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; shape that breaks the grid continuity at some high curvature areas. An orthogonal surface grid is chosen to generate a hexagonal array of panels. Extensive panels are automatically eliminated when they fall out of the surface domain.

Panels are doubly curved in most areas of the surface, and in between panels lack any openings. Considering the available panel fabrication technique and material being laser-cut plywood, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s essential to ensure that all panels are flat.

A steel cable mesh is designed as an immediate support structure between the primary frame and the hexagonal panels. A customized joint is designed to fix the panels on the cable meshes, while it also gives enough flexibility between panels to absorb the construction tolerance and natural deformation due to gravity. The joint is made from using cable clamps, bolts and custom fabricated like 9mm MDF spacers and 0.4mm steel plates. The slots cut out from the plywood panels align perpendicularly to the slot on the stainless steel plate. When combined with the flexibility of the panel itself, they provide a joint that is flexible and manipulatable in 3 axes.

After the propagation strategy, all hexagonal panels are flattened by projection in a manner to keep 3 points constraint to their original location and projecting the other 3 to a flat plane. This provides a method to constrain the hexagonal panels at 3 of its vertices, while freeing up the other 3 to produce openings where the surface curvature becomes radical. A second stream of triangular holes on the panels are deployed where the panels are very large.

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: SHAPING THE SURFACE + SURFACE SUBDIVISION STRATEGY

The design starts with the basic functional criteria of a canopy, to provide shade. The form is made to fit within the volume constrains of 6m x 3m x 3m.

The first subdivision strategy uses the natural surface domain to subdivide the surface. While producing the most dynamic result, it also means drastic variations in the shape and size of grid cells as the subdivisions range from very large to very small.

The second subdivision strategy reduces the variation between adjacent panels by using a combination of an equal-width surface and a relaxation algorithm. Although it produces a fairly even sized grid over the surface, there are some extreme variations in areas of high curvature.

The surface is shaped to smoothen the topography and make seating on one side.

The surface is further shaped to have a dynamic appearance and curvature variation across the surface so that propagating components on the surface openings in high curvature zones.

The third strategy combines the first two: it uses the equal-width surface to produce subdivision in the horizontal axis, but improves the panelization in the vertical axis by using the domain based subdivision in the vertical axis, produce the most desirable result.

The orthogonal surface grid is used to generate a hexagonal array of panels, and all panels that fall in the extended zone of the equalwidth surface are automatically eliminated by a proximity based filter.

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: PANEL RATIONALIZATION + DESIGNING THE OPENINGS

The hexagonal panels by themselves are doublycurved in some areas of the surface, and the panelized hex-grid lacks any openings. Considering that the available fabrication process and material was laser-cut plywood, it was essential to ensure that all panels were flat, and some kind of design strategy was required to produce openings on surface intelligently.

All hexagonal panels are flattened by projection in a manner so as to keep 3 points constrained to their original location, and projecting the other 3 to a flat plane. This provides a method to constrain the hexagonal panels at 3 of its 6 vertices, while freeing up the other 3 to produce the openings wherever the surface curvature becomes very high. This ensures that all panels are perfectly flat and suitable for laser-cutting. A second strategy of producing triangular holes in the panels was applied to areas where the panels were very large.

FABRICATION: EXPLODED VIEW OF JOINT DETAIL

The joint is a custom design fixture made from using offthe-shelf parts like cable clamps and bolts and custom made parts like a 9mm MDF spacer and a stainless plate with 3 slots. The slots cut out of the plywood panels align perpendicularly to the slots on the stainless steel plate. When combined with the flexibility of the plate itself, they provide a joint that is flexible and manipulatable in all 3 axes.

U Clamp

0.2mm Washer

Nut for Securing Cables

9mm MDF Spacers

Nut for Securing Panels

Customized Joint Plate

Bolt for Securing Panels

Laser-Cut Plywood Panel

Panel Numbering

FABRICATION: STEEL CABLE TO PLYWOOD PANEL JOINERY

Customized Joint

Laser-Cut Plywood Panel

Adjacent Panel

Tensile Cable Net

FABRICATION: STEEL CABLE TO PLYWOOD PANEL JOINERY

Customized Joint

Laser-Cut Plywood Panel

Adjacent Panel

Tensile Cable Net

Aggregated Porosity

Porosity Quality of being porous, or full of tiny holes. Liquids go right through things that have

porosity. [ PAW-ROS-I-TEE ]

Mid Semester BY MID SEMESTER, OUR GROUP HAS EXPLORED THE FUNDAMENTAL RULES OF TENSILE STRUCTURES AND MINIMAL SURFACES. THESE ELEMENTS WERE INCORPORATED INTO OUR FIRST PAVILION DESIGN.

For our mid semester pavilion design we settled on the structural layering of steel cable mesh and timber cladding, closely following the structural system of the Aggregated Porosity canopy.

Our structure is tensioned, its form is being held up by anchorage points through the structural steel cable grid beneath the timber cladding that can be observed throughout the pavilion.

DEVELOPABLE SURFACES ALLOW ROUND FORMS TO BE CONSTRUCTED WITH PLANAR

DEFINITION: Forms are called ‘developable’ or ‘single curved’ when they can be created through ordinary bending of a planar surface without distortion of the material. These surfaces are characterized by only bending in one direction at a time, like a cylinder or cone. Developable surfaces are used for the construction of ships, tent sewing, fabrication of ventilation ducts, buildings, and all kinds of architectural structures.

MATERIALS SUCH AS: PLYWOOD SHEET METAL FABRIC

TYPES: Cylindrically Developable Conically Developable Poly-conically Developable Super-poly-conically Developable

Our objects of study are composed of developable surfaces, which may be formally informally introduced as surfaces that can be flattened without stretching or tearing.

DEVELOPABLE SURFACES IN FREE FORM ARCHITECTURE

FREE FORM SKINS COMPOSED OF DEVELOPABLE SURFACES Inextensible materials like paper and sheet metal naturally assume developable shapes, so itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not surprising that freeform skins consisting of developable surfaces have been constructed. Material properties, however, they are not the only reason why developable surfaces occur - It has been proven that a sequence of planar quadrilateral panels approximate a developable surface, and so does a sequence of cylindrical glass panels. Such sequences can be observed in the 2007 Stratsbourg railway station, the Eiffel Tower pavilions, or the 2015 Fondation Louis Vuitton.

Free form skins composed of developable surfaces: Left: The Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris, is composed of strip sequences, each strip being constructed from cylindrical glass panels and approximating continuous a continuous developable surface Center: The Disney Concert Hall consists of large, near-developable pieces. Right: Redesigned Eiffel Tower pavilions, exhibits a glass panelling by developable elements.

TENSILE STRUCTURE A tensile structure is a construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression or bending.

APPLICATION OF TENSILE STRUCTURES IN ARCHITECTURE Advancement in architecture is triggered by many factors, probably the most important reason is how the building industry is driven by construction and technical advancements, and vice versa. While new ambitious and innovative designs are being idealized, technology needs to be able to meet the challenge in order for boundaries to be pushed.

The term tensile should not be confused with tensegrity, which is a structural form with both tension and compression elements..

MINIMAL SURFACE

One of the most interesting and exciting part of recent architectural development are undoubtedly tensile structures. They can be contextualized within many subcategories, these being: membrane structures, pneumatic structures, grid shells, and cable domes. Due to their unconventional designs, they are able to easily catch the attention of the general public. The increase in ecological awareness, new construction methods and investment and research in technology, the implementation of tensioned and membrane structures are rapidly growing in popularity in the recent years.

In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. The term is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surfaces area subject to

Commonly, they are being designed for major event centers, airports, expos, and stadiums. Their ability to span through large spaces are demonstrated and can be observed in projects such as Fentress Bradburn Architects’ Denver International Airport, SOM Architect’s Jeddah International Airport (also the largest roof structure in the world) or Norman Foster’s Khan Shatyr Entertainment Centre (the highest tensile structure in the world).

some constraint.

Today, tensile structures are found in almost all climatic zones and serve a wide variety of functions. The materials used to fabricate these structures have changed much since the beginning and now utilizing more sustainable materials with upgraded properties. 32

Among the first ones to further develop the idea of tensile structures were American architect and systems theorist Richard Buckminster, engineer, Russian architect Vladmir Shukhov and German architect and engineer Frei Otto. Shukhov worked on lightweight hyperboloid towers and roof systems and their mathematical analysis. His research structured around the various construction forms as grid shell structures. He was the one to design the first steel tensile structure. Buckminster Fuller U.S. Pavilion 1967

Richard Buckminster contributed significantly to the development of tensile integrity technology and was a precursor to applying membrane structures in architecture. He was able to create his largest spherical geodesic dome, the U.S. Pavilion for the 1967 Expo. Frei Otto accomplished his pioneering work by using physical models, conducive to the precise determination of the membraneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s structural characteristics, he introduced tensile structural ideas in architecture, for example: the construction of German Pavilion at Expo 1967 in Montreal and later designed the tensile membrane roof of the Olympic Stadium for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

Vladmir Shukhov Double curvature steel lattice shell 1897

Once boundaries were pushed in the field of Tensile architecture, amazing results were created, and we can now admire beautiful and futuristic architectural landmarks, which enraptured attention from back in the times they were built and today alike.

MINIMAL SURFACES In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. This is equivalent to having a mean curvature of zero. Minimal surfaces are the smallest surfaces and the minimal energy form within defined boundaries, and the surface tension is equal and uniform at any point. Therefore, these geometries have highly structural efficiency, material distribution and overall area minimization. The term â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;minimal surfaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a soap film, which is a minimal surface whose boundary is the wire frame. However, the term is used for more general surfaces that may self-intersect or do not have constraints. Minimal surfaces can be defined in several equivalent ways in. The fact that they are equivalent serves to demonstrate how the minimal surface theory lies at the crossroads of several mathematical disciplines, especially differential geometry, calculus of variations, potential theory, complex analysis and mathematical physics.

SCHOEN’S GYROID SURFACE ANALYSIS

Schoen’s Gyroid

Top View

The boundary of the surface patch is based on the six faces of a cube.

This is the surface that has the least area spanning on the boundary.

Front View

Right View

Eight of the surface patch forms the fundamental cubic unit of Gyroid. For every patch formed by the six edges, only three of them is connected with the surrounding patches.

This is a Gyroid surface complex comprised of eight fundamental unit cells. The surface is weaving and embedding in 3D space. Gyroid doesn’t have any reflective symmetries, and it contains no straight lines on the surface.

MEMBRANE MATERIALS One of the key components of a tensile structure is the material used. It determines the aesthetic appeal, durability, and has a big influence on costing and maintenance. While deciding on the cover material, main aspects that should be taken under consideration are structural design and location requirements for the building or pavilion. Membrane cover types used in tensile architecture vary greatly, In the beginning, the most commonly used fabrics were simple textiles, canvas, woven mats, or fibers. Tensile textile fabrics have a great advantage, they are generally easy to manufacture and have great elastic properties. However, the durability and self-cleaning properties of these simple textile materials are poor. For example, its properties will change due to ultraviolet rays as it affects the surface colour and gradually change over time.

SUSTAINABILITY SOLUTIONS Moving forward, technology has developed and therefore the search for materials more durable than simple textiles was implemented. As a result, now we have a vast choice of materials for membranes and this industry is growing rapidly, more and more new covering materials are created.

MATERIAL CHOICES VCP (Vinyl Coated Polyester) Low cost and low durability Used for temporary structures Cost efficient

PTFE Fibreglass (Polytetraflouroethylene) High durability (recyclable) High temperature melting point Resistant to UV radiation Manufactured at large sizes

ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene)

MEMBRANES WORK TOGETHER WITH CABLES, COLUMNS, AND OTHER STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS TO FIND A FORM. SIMILAR TO SKIN, MEMBRANE MATERIALS ARE EFFECTIVE AT PROVIDING SHADE, WEATHERING AND THERMAL LAYERS.

PROPERTIES

VCP

PTFE

ETFE

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

2.15

1.76

2.15

TENSILE STRENGTH

3000-5000 PSI

5800-6700 PSI

3600 PSI = 253kg/sqm

ELONGATION

300%-500%

150%-300%

300%

FLEX ENDURANCE

72000 PSI

170000 PSI

85000 PSI

FOLD ENDURANCE

>10^6

10-27x10^3

5-80x10^3

IMPACT STRENGTH

189 J/M

N/A

HARDNESS

50-56 HB

62 HB

56 HB

Repudandam,

2222,00

Aquae maximusandae

8900

Aquae maximusandae

9899,12

Aquae maximusandae

9899,12

High durability Resistant to high temperatures Commonly used as thermoplastic liner UV radiation and corrosion resistance

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Utilizing different fabrics, we explored the most ideal membrane materials for prototyping at this scale. Understanding the variation of soft surface characteristics and physical properties.

MATERIAL TESTING In order to test the durability and properties of the materials that weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve aquired for our fabric and membrane prototype, we conducted tests in order to know how the materials react to tension, compression, shear, and being cut. Since we will be laser cutting these textiles for our prototype, we also conducted tests on how the materials will react under the laser and if they were going to burn or fray. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve learned that a thicker material is best when laser cutting to avoid burning or ruining the fabrics. 47

Precedent Research AFTER MID SEMESTERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S PRESENTATION, OUR GROUP STARTED LOOKING FOR NEW PRECEDENTS FOR OUR NEW PAVILION DESIGN. WE EXPLORED THE THREE MAIN STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF OUR PAVILION.

Our group explored the 3 main structural elements of our pavilion and ways we can improve upon them. We researched different types of steel cable connections, different types of cladding and created many different iterations of the overall form of the structure.

We started by exploring different ways of manipulating the overall form of our structure. After this, we moved onto different ways we can anchor our points, and types of frames we can incorporate into our design. Lastly, we experimented with the different types of materials we can use for our cladding.

Tension 74

01.

Textile

02.

Morphology

03.

Toroidal

UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART 03

Deep Surface Prototype

FABRICATION

CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS

The Hyper-Toroidal Deep Surface Prototype shows the investigation of computer generated design. It illustrates cell-based membranes morphologies created as purely tensioned structure with the distributed anchorage points and interconnected elements. As tension has a continuous flow through the structure of multiple surfaces and cylindrical geometries made through cables and mesh materials.

Use of anchorage points and mesh within different locations it creates a baseline and boundary for which the surface is constrained within. As the tension and anchorage points dictate and warp the surface to show some basic behaviours of meshes and tensioned surfaces.

Provided the computer generated design, the use of algorithms has been incorporated in the template to ensure that the structure is able to be constructed physically in a practical manner within specifications for the acquired material performances and limitations.

The origin of this structureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design and orientation is processed by a simulation engine highly based on particles and springs. Based highly through the evolution of both physical and computational studies with a basic central origin. The inclusion of cable loading points within the geometries provides more centered locations it backs further tension and allows the creation of more extreme components.

The final structure boasts surfaces and geometry that are manufactured on a large scale plotter providing an easy process creating the essential surface.

As the geometryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surfaces diversify throughout the structure, the tension and surface behaviour greatly varies.

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: SHAPING THE SURFACE + SURFACE SUBDIVISION STRATEGY

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: PANEL RATIONALIZATION + DESIGNING THE OPENINGS

Textile Morphologies

Morphology The study of the evolution of form within the built environment and their specific structural features. [ MAWR-FOL-UH-JEE ]

01.

Minimal

02.

Rigid

03.

Anchored

Minimal 82

FREI OTTO 03

Munich Olympic Stadium

FABRICATION

CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS

The roof of the Olympic Stadium in Munich was developed based on the use of computerized mathematical procedures in determining the form and behaviour of the structure, resulting in an architectural form of â&#x20AC;&#x153;minimal surfacesâ&#x20AC;?.

The metal frame created numerous minimal surfaces and also provided minimal weight. The surface tension of these forms are completely balanced, providing a very stable construction. The cover membrane is suspended by a multitude of vertical masts enabling sharp bends winding surface draping dynamically changing flow through the space possessing scale and sectional characteristics. Because of the precision in calculations of the structural system and the membrane, these structural components were manufactured off-site. This level of high precision allows the easy assembly for one of the most innovative and complex structural systems that have been worked only with the premise of stress.

Large pipes and steel cables have been incorporated into the construction as an immediate support to the canopy. These cables range from 65 to 400 meters long.

The metal frame created numerous minimal surfaces also provided minimal weight. The surface tension of these forms are completely balanced, providing a very stable construction. The cover membrane is suspended by a multitude of vertical masts enabling sharp bends winding surface draping dynamically changing flow through the space possessing scale and sectional characteristics.

The enclosure of the structure consists of a sheet of PVC-coated polyester, 2.9 x 29m and 4mm thick. To avoid deformations due to temperature, valves rest on neoprene. Structural members such as straps, parallel cords, knots, cast steel clamps, masts steel tubes, and acrylic (Plexiglas) have all been utilized for the construction.

Form Finding Structures

Form Finding The design process by which the shape of form-active structures and systems is determined at a state of static equilibrium. [ FAWRM FAHYN-DING ]

End of Semester FROM THE FEEDBACK THAT WE RECEIVED FROM THE MID SEMESTER PRESENTATIONS, WE WERE ABLE TO HIGHLIGHT THE WEAKER ELEMENTS OF OUR DESIGN AND FOCUSED ON IMPROVING THEM.

After the presentation, we realized that our mid semester design could be improved in multiple areas. We experimented with different ways we can improve on the type of rigid frame our structure would be fixed on and how the anchorage points would be implemented.

The site selection was also a focus for our project moving forward, we explored different ways we could connect our structure with the existing environment. This process required us to take the existing trees, and foot paths into consideration when creating the new design.

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: PHYSICAL PROTOTYPE

FABRICATION: PHYSICAL PROTOTYPE

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PATH DIAGRAM

Path Diagram

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PROJECT SITE

NORTH EAST

SOUTH EAST

SOUTH WEST

NORTH WEST

Project Site

ed Ar e

ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGRAM

Sunlight Hours Analysis

Sun-Path Diagram - Latitude: -37.82

December 22

September 22

June 21

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PROJECT SITE

Project Site

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PROJECT SITE

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Design Development EXPERIMENTATION WITH OUR TENSILE GEOMETRY WAS MADE POSSIBLE WITH A PHYSICS SIMULATION PLUG-IN FOR OUR 3D MODELLING SOFTWARE.

We used the physics simulation “Kangaroo” for our design development process. This allowed us to explore design concepts that would require physics forces accurately so that they would react realistically, if they were to be constructed both in small and large scale.

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A constant communication between physical prototype making and digital manipulation took place throughout the whole project. As we explored concepts, we wanted to see how accurately we can construct them in real life through the Swinburne workshop.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Isometric View

Isometric View Southeast

Southwest

Northwest

Tension Simulation Northeast Southeast

Southwest

Northwest

Northeast

Tension Simulation

V Curving Voronoi Top Plate

Curving Voronoi Top Plate

Gravit 120

Tension Simulation

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Curving Voronoi Top Plate

Gravit

Gravit Pulling Curve

Pulling Curve

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Site Plan Re - Simulation (Final)

SITE SELECTION For our mid semester design, our pavilion was situated over the fountains in front of the George building. As mentioned earlier, we thought about different ways we can connect our new designs to the existing environment rather than demolishing in order to make space for our pavilion. We eventually thought of the idea of designing our pavilion around the existing trees and centralizing them within each cell.

North Elev. 122

South Elev.

East Elev.

West Elev.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

View Mesh

Site Plan - Simulation (Final) FINAL STRUCTURALRe FORM

View Mesh

Site Plan Re - Simulation (Final)

View ation

North Elev.

South Elev.

View ation

Outer Frame + Mesh + Inner Frames NORTH ELEVATION North Elev.

SOUTH ELEVATION South Elev.

View Curve

Outer Frame + Mesh + Inner Frames

East Elev.

EAST ELEVATION East Elev.

West Elev.

WEST ELEVATION West Elev.

Overall Form

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Site Renders THE FINAL RENDERS FOR OUR THREE DESIGNS WERE CREATED USING LUMION, THE ARCHITECTURAL VISUALIZATION TOOL.

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NORTH EAST

SOUTH EAST

SOUTH WEST

NORTH WEST

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HANGING RODS

OUTER FRAME ANCHOR CLADDING

TENSIONED MESH

INNER FRAMES

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140

NORTH EAST

SOUTH EAST

SOUTH WEST

NORTH WEST

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OUTER FRAME AND SPACERS

TENSION MESH AND SPACER

CLADDING

TENSIONED MESH

INNER FRAMES

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NORTH EAST

SOUTH EAST

SOUTH WEST

NORTH WEST

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OUTER FRAME

STRIP CLADDING

TENSIONED MESH

INNER FRAMES

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AMDC Void Installation TRIANGULAR PANELS OFFER A LARGE OPPORTUNITY FOR EXPLORATION - TURNING SIMPLE GEOMETRY INTO COMPLEX FORMS

148

Designing

the

geometry

structure the

through

triangle

simple

offers

Depending on the complexity of the design,

the

the application of triangular panels onto

opportunity to create complex forms without

extreme forms often resulted in distorted

unnecessary distortion.

triangles.

These triangles offer a planar, tessellation

This distortion proved to be a challenge

providing the ability to assemble the structure

during the assembly of forms due to the

with a low margin for human error. Combining

complexity of strips. Some components

custom-made templates and laser cutting

resulted being very thin, with acute angles

equipment, the panels were fabricated.

proving difficult to identify and connect.

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Digital Sketchbook

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