Darnall Printworks: Final Presentation by James Paul

DARNALL PRINTWORKS James Paul 180208265

STUDIO: COLLABORATIVE PRODUCTION

SHEFFIELD - DON VALLEY

POST-CAPITALISM

AUTOMATION & TECH

FUTURE CLIMATES

COLLABORATION

INFRASTRUCTURE

Looking out over the Don Valley from the arts tower shows an abrupt jump in scale, the legacy of the area’s industrial past. Similar juxtapositions and scale shifts can be found in oral narratives, stories of ordinary people being transported to other, often fantastical and often dangerous, worlds. In the face of the struggle experienced every day by those working in and inhabiting the same space as mass industry, these unexpected, and exotic moments are rooted in the working class identity of the Don Valley, co-existing with narratives of disinvestment, class struggle and the painful death of the steel industry. The damage this inflicted on the community that it was inexorably tied to still haunts the area.

“Developers who clear the stones cannot also clear memories. As we get older we often recall more clearly our distant past than recent events. In an age when we are told never to look back... I say we older ones have had the best of it and they can’t take that away from us.” An East End Camera, Picture Memories by J R Wrigley

MANUFACTURER Identified through their large black sheds in the Lower Don Valley, makers of bespoke forged items, from naval guns to parts for the nuclear industry

The studio started by looking at what their own preconceptions of the Don Valley were, and how, through research, these perceptions changed. These covered the key themes of the Don Valley, including:

CITY CENTRE

Alcohol as Affinity: The death of the pubs in the Don Valley, venues for storytelling and a vital part of the community infrastructure, 1970-2018

CIT

Y ‘S

NA’ AU

The Ball The Baltic Hotel The Barrow House The Bird In Hand The Burton Arms The Cardigan Tavern The Coach & Horses The Commercial Inn The Crown

SEX With the police turning a blind eye to prostitution in Attercliffe in the 90s, the sex industry was allowed to flourish The Don Valley: a sudden jump in scale

The Crown The Dog & Partridge The Duke Of York Eighteen Ten The Enfield Arms The Engineers Arms The Excelsior The Foundry Arms The Fox & Duck

The Fox House Friendship The Golden Ball The Greenlands Harvester Centertainment The Halfway House Industry The Industry Inn The Lambpool

The Meadow Inn The New Inn The Norfolk Arms The Oak The Old Blue Bell The Omnibus Inn The Pike & Heron The Queens Head The Rising Sun

The Robin Hood The Rose & Crown The Salutation Inn The Staniforth Arms The Station Inn The Stumble Inn The Swallownest The Tinsley Hotel The Tramcar

The Washford Arms The Wellington The Wellington Hotel The Wentworth The White Hart The White Lion The White Swan

SPORT Occupying the former site of the Don Valley Stadium, the English Institute of Sport and Olympic Legacy Park help train Olympic-level athletes

EIS

Gates of Hell “A pot of tea, another cig, then into the mill Into the Heat, Dante’s Inferno, Armed only with Leather Aprons and tongs, First job, a tank Barrel, They work as a team,

SEX Featured on BBC documentary ‘A Very British Brothel’, these ‘Sauna’s’ are found in and around Attercliffe

A sacred bond, forged in years of graft Pure Strength twisting, the writhing white hot ingot, In a rhythm, nay a dance, with a twenty ton hammer The Grace of Men in harmony with Machine, A rite of Passage, their inheritance But this is also a dance with the devil, One crack and shards of death rain upon them, No escape, Just a Bed in Tinsley Cemetery, Plenty of company there

SAMARA LOUNGE

Another crew tames the roaring furnace Spewing flame, like some demonic dragon Molten Metal, thrashes out, Shower upon shower, of burning sparks, That brand and seer the skin, A steel workers tattoo of Pride”

Figs “Back in the dark days of the Industrial Revolution, you wouldn’t have been able to see sky here for six days of the week. Trees wouldn’t grow because they got little sunlight, only smoke and soot. It was a grubby and rather grim environment. Into this vacuum non-native species moved in. The fig is here as an iconic marker and living reminder of the Industrial Revolution.”

Steven Cook, Poet

CONTEMPORARY POLITICS OF SHEFFIELD

100

200

300

400

500M

The Jungle was an eclectic collection of animals, exhibitions and circus acts designed to enthral the public. It included the Darwin Villa where different primates where exhibited together, a fasting exhibition by hunger artist Mr Victor Beaute and a novelty on mechanical devices from America, the Joy Wheel (a highly polished, rotating circular platform that caused people to slide off and make a spectacle of themselves).

SEX Brothels / Sex shops / Lingerie shops

AUTOS Car dealerships / Auto parts / Body shops

Jungles, were treated as ‘out of the ordinary’ events. The performers were assembled and managed as pre-celebrity era ‘super-stars’, humans capable of the bravest acts by engaging with the ferocious and their supreme achievement. Bostock was always wanting to give the latest and greatest thrill, whether with his animals and their trainers, or with additional attractions around the jungle.”

CONSTRUCTION Builder’s merchants / Plant hire / Scaffolders

Workers Education Authority “The WEA delivered an impartial, non-sectarian, non-political programme of education in the liberal arts and humanities with the support of universities and Local Education Authorities. The NCLC promoted a programme of Marxist education, and accepted support only from working class organisations, predominantly trade unions. When the WEA was in its prime in the East of Sheffield, the arts seemed open and accessible in a way that is unimaginable today – working-class voices were at the vanguard of cultural production.”

MAGID MAGID, LORD MAYOR OF SHEFFIELD

The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes, Jonathan Rose

Magid is a British-Somali refugee, activist, and politician

National Fairground and Circus Archive

Though now simply a ceremonial position, in the past

HEALTHCARE Insurers / Cosmetic surgery / Healthcare technologies

Tomatoes

Lizzie the Elephant

“As we walked on the foundations of what was to become the Meadowhall shopping centre on piles of bricks 10 feet deep, the only life poking through the wreckage were tomato plants. They grew in neat squares corresponding to the old toilet blocks. Seeded by the shit of 10,000 foundrymen, we would collect the tomatoes and eat them on sunny days while the noise of the M1 droned in the background.

“Lizzie was brought to Sheffield to replace horses that were recruited by the military to serve in Europe during the war. She became one of the most important workers and historical figures in Sheffield’s steel industry. She transported machinery around the city and helped supply Sheffield’s foundries and steel makers with the materials they so desperately needed to power the country’s armed forces.

When I think about these times now as the markets come down and the city enters the next phase of its decline, I can taste the sweet summer-ripe tomato juice. We can find hope in strange places. Hope is not a grand design or a city master-plan, hope is not a riverside development or an influx of money from a Chinese billionaire, hope is a sweet tomato eaten on a summers day and grown from the shit we have to put up with, finding its way through the ruins of the past.”

Lizzie was loved by everyone, she was often seen plodding through the city’s streets, up and down hills, venturing between factories to ensure Sheffield’s furnaces continued to roar before resting in her stable. While working hard, she is said to have had a cheeky personality. Eating a schoolboy’s cap, putting her trunk through a kitchen window to help herself to a pie that was cooling, and pushing over a traction engine are some of the stories that swept the city and helped her become a celebrity in her own right.”

Steven Pool, Visual Artist

Angela Greenwood, Historian

IAN MA

NATURALISED SPECIES Introduced to the UK in the 1600’s Established part of ecosystem, not considered an invasive species

FIG TREE

PROTECTED SPECIES First discovered in Don Valley in 1970’s Flourish in warm micro climate around Meadow Hall created by Steel Industry using the Don for cooling Around 30 trees recieved protected status in the 1990’s

RECOMBINANT ECOLOGIES

3J\ FXXTHNFYNTSX TK NSINLJSTZX FSI J]TYNH ‫ܫ‬TWF and fauna; deliberately, inadvertently or indirectly induced through human action, species introudction, and environmental change.

Recombinant Ecologies

Nat

ive to Middle East

tive

to East & North Euro

power of place

BALSAM AYA N

PA N

ve a ti

to East Asia

ES EK

N OT

INVASIVE SPECIES Very aggressive invasive species Can grow 4cm per day Will starve other plants of food and sun

G R AY L I NG

WEED

E BR

LAZARUS RIVER - BACK FROM THE DEAD River Don declared dead in 1970’s and one of UK’s most polluted rivers 7JNSYWTIZHYNTS TK WFSLJ TK ‫ܪ‬XM XUJHNJX KTQQT\NSL industrial decline shows how far the city has come Fishing is a popular activity in the both the Don and the Tinsley Canal

INVASIVE SPECIES Only brought to UK in 1980’s Aggressive aquatic plant Can cover waterways completely if left alone

AT I N G

PENNY

PIKE

W O RT

rica s

F LO

Am e

BRO

TRO

W I L LO W

destination innovation density urbanised gateway corridor

has aspirations

Within the Lower Don Valley, there are aspirations to create an Advanced Manufacturing Innovation District. This is focussed within the Sheffield City Region between Sheffield and Rotheram. The spatial vision builds upon the area’s heritage in manufacturing and recent success in advanced manufacturing and research. The Advanced Manufacturing Innovation District Vision Report outlines the future of sustainable economic growth for the district. This explores the support and integration required to maintain a high quality area in which people will live, work and play alongside a heavy focus on placemaking and future expansion. Due to the large 2,000 acre site and aspirational intentions it will take years for the vision to be delivered. Therefore, the vision report sets out goals, objectives and strategies for how this vision is achieved through a range of short, medium and long term timescales. The nucleus of the AMID is described as being the Advanced Manufacturing Park, to the west of this lies the Sheffield Olympic Legacy Park. The OLP hopes to be part of internationally recognised Innovation District for health and wellbeing research and learning. Sheffield Olympic Legacy Park aims to host outstanding facilities for the community and businesses including The English Institute of Sport Sheffield and The Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, which hopes to fill the gap between pure research and production by focusing on prototyping and pre-production research and development. It also allows the opportunity to unique chance to gather research from a diverse range of groups including Olympic and Paralympic athletes, professional sports men and women, amateur competitors, community sport programmes and schoolchildren.

Don River

1957 - Aerial View of Tinsley area 1939 - Sheffield Canal Basin showing the steam cranes used in loading the barges

1987 - Loaded Keels at Sheffield Canal Basin

2007 1,000 Homes evacuated

Flooding 30m Damage 3 Dead

2012 2018 Flooding

Guardian Jun 07

800+ Homes flooded

Flooding 1 Dead

Guardian Nov 12

2009 - View from the Hilton Hotel of Sheffield Canal Basin

Don River

“Flash flooding in the valley”

Scale: 1.7500

Key

After looking at ground mapping, it is clear that the rivers flood plain has been heavily modified. This has effected the natural flow of the flood waters, causing an increase in flooding risks within the valley.

Waterways River

1850 River Course

Don

River Don

2007 Flooding Extent River

Don

Current Flood Zone 1 Current Flood Zone 2 Flood Defence

River Don

Don

sense of place, brand and belonging

Sheffield Tinsley Canal

River Don

placemaking strategy

River Don

Future Flood Projections

growth of residential and ancillary development

GROUND WATER 8MJK‫ܪ‬JQI XNYX TS F RNSTW \FYJW FVZ‫ܪ‬JW TK QTHFQ NRUTWYFSHJ FX a water supply for activity and rivers. However, the Don Valley is mostly aluvial silts with high leaching potential and little ability to attenuate pollutants or discharges - both of which have the potential to quickly move into and contaminate the ground water in the area.

TRANSPORT POLUTANTS Arsenic, Barium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron Oxide, Lead, Magnesium Oxide, Molybdenum, Nickel, Tin, Zinc

objectives

Spearhead Regeneration

Aaron Stewart - Grammy Winning Jazz Musician Regenerated the Old Library + Wash house

Keeping the legacy alive

“You wouldn’t quite believe it if someone told you half a billion was spent on Attercliffe.” “You get someone who puts his own money down and everyone is interested.” David Hobson - Project Director, Legacy Park Ltd.

Rise of Innovation Districts

“Sheffield’s Advanced Manufacturing Park does not yet have the vibrancy and urbanity of city-centered innovation districts that congregate around advanced research institutions…. there is no sense of place in the park.” Bruce Katz - Founding Director, Brookings Institute’s Metropolitan Policy Program

Areas with 1 in 30 to 1 in 100 chance of being flooded by rivers

Areas affected by surface water flooding

Replacement of Industry

“We didn’t care whether it was Sheffield or Rotherham...we wanted to bring this production in-house.” Mike Flewitt, Chief Executive Officer for McLaren Automotive

Brand

Honesty

Catalyst

goals

“I’ve heard it was once a very buzzing, thriving community. I think it has the possibility of that happening again. I wanted to be in on the ground level.”

Kelham 2.0

N TA LU lt, PO ba G o l IN , C ke IN m ic M miu , N m AL hro nu CO , C bde Tin oly M

build on AMRC success

Historically the Steel industry backed right onto the Don,and used it to cool production lines and remove JK‫ܫ‬ZJSHJ 9MJ WN[JW FSI HFSFQ ZXJI YT ‫ܫ‬T\ ^JQQT\ FX Iron Oxide leached into the water from the coal mines. Although the river has recovered greatly and can once again support wildlife, there is still a lot of waste.

STEEL INDUSTRY POLUTANTS Iron, Chromium, Nickel, ALuminium Oxide, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Oxide, Titanium Oxide, Uranium, Vandium

university - industry collaboration

HERO

INVASIVE SPECIES Lives in river bank burrows (FWWNJX INXJFXJ KFYFQ YT SFYN[J HWF^‫ܪ‬XM XUJHNJX Deliberately introduced to Europe in 20th C Can live for up to 20 years

skilled employees within the region

or th A m eri ca

oN et tiv

IS H

URANIUM Degrades human body operation & causes cancer in many species Massive half-life, long decay period

1941 - Sheffield Tinsley canal locks

Curent uses include Pleasure barging and finshing. “it was once the country’s finest salmon river, Absent from fish for the past 2 centuries, First salmon was found again in Dec 1995” Yorkshire post Feb 2017

Don

BARIUM Highly reactive Affects organic nervous and immune systems

Now the river hostes a multitude of equatic life including salmon, bream and pike.

River

RA YF

The clean up of our post-industrial rivers is one of the great environmental success stories of our times and it is local campaigners like Stuart that have often been driving this renaissance.

Don

CHROMIUM Carcinogen in dust form Requires environmental cleanup and remediation

“When you looked into the water it was jet black,” says Stuart Crofts, then environmental campaigner and defender of the River Don in its dark days. “There was that much oil on top that it would literally burn.”

Don

LEAD Poisonious to human & animals Can prevent plant growth Will remain in ground for thousands of years without remediation

Pollution

River

IL TA

S IG

The first to exploit this natural phenomenon were flower millers and by 1086 there were upwards of 5,000 mills along the river. By the 17th century many other forms of industry were developing using the waters power. The burgeoning cutlery trade was in existence and by the 18th century, 1200 operations of its like were in the valley and by 1770 the water was being harnessed every 300 meters.

River

ARSENIC Carcinogen & poisonious Toxic to human, plant, and animal life

Uses Few rivers in Britain contributed so significantly to the prosperity of the inhabitants of the valley as the river Don. The topography of the river, with its many tributaries and ideal gradients, lent itself to the development of industries which could exploit the power provided by its descending flows.

INVASIVE SPECIES Escaped from Fur Farms Thrives in water ways around City Centre & Wicker Competes with Otter as Semi-Aquatic predator

SOIL TOXICITY

The River Don & the Sheffield Tinsley Canal

River

MINK

Both surface and deep soils in the Don Valley and FWTZSI 8MJK‫ܪ‬JQI HTSYFNS RZHM MNLMJW QJ[JQX TK MJF[^ metals than the surrounding region, indicating that they have been subjected to some level of anthropogenic contamination. This is likely due in part to the Don Valley’s historic importance as a coal mining and specialist steel producing area, and in part due to the high levels of transportation in the area - both vehicular and train.

IL TA

KEYSTONE SPECIES Secretive aquatic carnivore Extinct in Don Valley from 1970’s until 2016 Prescence indicates health of River Don due to large amount of prey needed to survive

to North America ive

GOOSE

LAR

KI NGF

F ER

Angela Smith (Penistone and Stocksbridge)

Don

MAL

Mr Clive Betts

INNOVATION DISTRICT

partnership structure and funding regime

OT T

O N F LY

Ms Louise Haigh (Heeley)

River

DRAG

Mr Jared O’Mara (Hallam)

OLP - OLYMPIC LEGACY PARK

Sheffield graduate pool access the opportunities

(Central)

AMID - ADVANCED MANUFACTURING

better link the currently disconnected assets

AR TIN M

Ms Gill Furniss (Brightside and Hillsborough)

“We have battled against flooding since the 1600s when the Dutch engineer Cornelius Vermuyden first began to divert its flow”. - Yorkshire post Nov 2016

OUTDOOR CITY RUN ROUTES EASY 1.0 KM EASY 1.8 KM MEDIUM 6.0 KM

ORHEN MO

QUALIFIED TO DEGREE LEVEL: 33%

Flooding

strategies

THREATENED SPECIES Summer migrants from Africa Usually nest in sand or earth banks on water edges, GZY RFPJ ZXJ TK INXZXJI UNUJ TZY‫ܫ‬T\X NS YMJ <NHPJW Only encountered on 1 site in the Don Valley

POPULATION DENSITY: 4094/km2

GROWTH RATE: 0.68%

Don

o et

PROJECTED (2020): 600,000

River

ti v Na

sustainability technology

address gateways, linkages and movements

transform the manufacturing industry

INVASIVE SPECIES .SYWTIZHJI YT :0 NS FX TWSFRJSYFQ ‫ܫ‬T\JW Promotes river bank erosion by out competing native species

grow your business here

et o

alayas

Na ti v

Him

fuel future innovation

C IR

gh Hi

UKIP (3)

GENDER BALANCE: MALE 49% FEMALE 51%

Don

sense of place

PIONEER SPECIES 4SJ TK YMJ ‫ܪ‬WXY XUJHNJX YT WJXJYYQJ UTQQZYJI vacant post-industrial sites

GREEN (6)

River

landscape H

DON VALLEY

movement connection

SYCA

CITY POPULATION: 585,200

LIBERAL DEMOCRATS (22)

MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT FOR SHEFFIELD REGION

SHEFFIELD TOWN HALL

WASTE Scrap merchants / Recycling centres / Waste-energy plant

S I LV E

RETAIL Shopping centres / Supermarkets

PETS Reptile shops / Dog hydrotherapy / PDSA hospitals

LABOUR (53)

Don

“In November 1910 Frank C. Bostock’s Jungle arrived in Sheffield. By utilising the temporary spaces opened up by the slum clearance around the infamous Crofts, the Jungle provided a fantastic spectacle of entertainment for the local population.

1:5000

MANUFACTURING Steel mills / Precision engineering / Parts manufacturers

SHEFFIELD CITY COUNCIL SEATS

Menagerie

River

VEOLIA ENERGY PLANT

ENTERTAINMENT With the decline of Attercliffe in the 80s / 90s, newer businesses moved into old stores, creating a juxtaposition between appearance and use

WASTE Converts Sheffield’s waste into energy, which gets distributed to civil buildings via the District Energy network

INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT NARRATIVES ASPIRATIONS POLITICS CLIMATE CHANGE

Hallam University’s Professor of Environmental Geography, Ian Rotherham

Don

FO R

DON VALLEY PRECONCEPTIONS

MAP OF ELECTORAL BOROUGHS

River

From the steel and manufacturing warehouses still found in the Don Valley, to the more eclectic sellers of sex and lizards in Attercliffe.

Narratives: the Exotic Meets the Ordinary

RETAIL With over 280 stores, the 8th largest shopping centre in the UK OW

Don

ME AD

River

INDUSTRIAL USES

2030

2050

1.5 oC

2 oC

2080

2080 Climate Projection Frequency of heavy Summer rainfall (over 20mm) will decrease by a factor of 2

Sheffield's popullation is set to increase by 50% by 2080 due to climate migration

Summer temperature increases reach + 4.9 oC by 2080

Four times as many deaths related to hot weather expected

Winter temperature increases reach + 1.5 oC by 2080

Frequency of heavy rainfall ( over 30mm ) will increase by a factor of 2.4

4 oC

HOW CAN ARCHITECTURE HELP FUTURE INDUSTRIES ENGAGE WITH THE GENERAL PUBLIC?

1 How can Sheffield reconnect with its industrial heritage?

2 How can emergent technologies and heavy industry be combined?

3 How can people be connected with industry through landscape?

PROJECT OVERVIEW Bail Storage Offices 1 How can Sheffield reconnect with its industrial heritage?

Loading / Delivery

SCRAP RECYCLING

Workshops Seminar Spaces Testing Areas Rolling

2 How can emergent technologies and heavy industry be combined?

3D PRINTING STEEL

Large Printing Studios

DARNALL PRINTWORKS

Meeting Rooms Cafe

EDUCATION

Exhibition Space Melting

3 How can people be connected with industry and nature?

Lecture Theatres Casting

COLLABORATION

Social Spaces

1 How can Sheffield reconnect with its industrial heritage?

DON VALLEY

UK / ROI

SOUTH YORKSHIRE

LOWER DON VALLEY

DON VALLEY

EIS Sheffield Arena

Olympic Legacy Park

Oasis Academy

Tram Line

in L a r T

in e

Darnall Works

Darnall Crucible Steel Works

Site: Darnall Works Located in the Sheffield Borough of Darnall, The Printworks sits on the site of the former Darnall Crucible Steel Works. Whilst the main mill has been demolished, the site still has the original 1870s Crucible Steel works to the eastern edge, and the 1960s building to the south.

SITE ANALYSIS

To A6178 To Tinsley Locks / EIS Industrial Units

To Oasis Academy / OLP