GROUP 14
ANALYSIS OF THE THERMAE SPA IN BATH & EXPLORATION OF FOLDING STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL
I.
DOCUMENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE THERMAE SPA IN BATH
THERMAE SPA Location: Bath, UK Architect: Grimshaw Architects Client: Bath & North East Somerset Council Size: 3,650 sq m Completion Date: 2006
SPA TYPES, TREATMENTS AND USERS
TYPES OF SPA CLUB SPA A facility those primary purpose is fitness on a daily basis.
The project consists of a simple and versatile pavilion, which proposes a great curved wall that would maintain a harmonic rhythm with the land.
1. Swimming pool 2. Spa 3. Fitness centre 4. Patio 5. Walk way 6. Cefeteria 7. Activities room 1 8. Activities room 2 9. Ceiba tree
This pavilion contains swimming pools and illuminates different areas by cenital light. The curved wall also improves the project structural solution. On the other side of the curved wall, the project presents an open court that brings light to inner spaces.
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Lower Floor Plan
Spa & Fitness Center in Chile PLAN Arquitectos + Loroworks architects
DAY SPA A spa offering a variety of spa services on a daily basis.
1. Fitness suite 2. Salon 3. Reception 4. Theraphy rooms 5. Relaxation area 6. Changing rooms 7. Jacuzzi
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The entrance curved corridor walls of the Spa were built out of edge polished vertically stacked glass, leading to a circular reception area with a fluid reception counter and relaxed customer seating.
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Aura Spa in India Khosla Associates
Ground Floor Plan
The stacked glass walls glow from within with LED light giving the surrounding spaces a feeling of lightness. Further west from the reception is a spacious transitionary area leading gently to a sensuous curved relaxation area and a series of well appointed therapy rooms and suites.
TYPES OF SPA MINERAL SPRINGS SPA Thermae Bath Spa is the only functioning natural spa with hot spring water in the UK. It comprises a new building and the sensitive environmental restoration of five listed buildings.
A spa offering on-site source of natural, mineral, thermal or seawater used in hydrotherapy treatments. 1. Main Spa Pool 2. Treatment Rooms 3. Showers
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Simple geometric forms define the building. A delicately designed glazed outer facade follows the street line. It allows the natural light penetrate to the swimming pool on the lower ground floor. Inside, a freestanding stone cube raised on columns contains the new spa facilities.
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Thermae Spa in Bath, UK Grimshaw Architects
Lower Ground Plan
RESORT/HOTEL SPA The project site makes a perfect thermal spa location since it is extremely close to the geothermal water source. The spa and wellness centre is buried in the ground in order to benefit from the land’s geothermal features.
A spa owned by and located within a resort or hotel providing spa services, fitness and spa cuisine menu choices.
The roof of the underground structure has the pools, pool decks and sunbath terrace. The domes placed in the pools work as roof-lights to allow natural daylight inside. The penetrating filtered light in the spa creates the illusion of a traditional hamam under a dome. EskiĹ&#x;ehir Hotel and Spa in Turkey GAD Architecture
Sections
TYPES OF SPA DESTINATION SPA A facility for guiding individual spa-goers to develop healthy habits.
Historically, it is a seven-day stay. This program includes: Spa services Fitness activities Wellness education Healthy cuisine
Peter Zumthor designed the spa/baths which opened in 1996 to pre date the existing hotel complex. The idea was to create a form of cave or quarry like structure. Working with the natural surroundings the bath rooms lay below a grass roof structure half buried into the hillside.
The combinations of light and shade, open and enclosed spaces and linear elements make for a highly sensuous and restorative experience. Section
The Therme Vals in Switzerland Peter Zumthor
MEDICAL SPA Die Bad Schallerbach combines a visionary concept based on a harmonious exchange between health, nature and human ecology. This exchange is emphasized throughout the building via its spatial references to the surrounding natural environment and use of natural materials throughout.
A facility that operates under full-time, on-site supervision of a licensed health care professional. The primary purpose is to provide comprehensive medical care.
The fluid transition between the interior and exterior of the building represents a symbiotic relationship between medicine and nature. The interior emphasizes natural surfaces including slate, stone and rubber floors as well as furniture.
Therapy Area Guest Area Service Area Circulation
Medical Resort Bad Schallerbach in Austria Architects Collective ZT-GmbH (AC)
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Lower Floor Plan
TREATMENTS FACIAL TREATMENTS
Lift and firm facial (85 minutes) Life stage facial (55 minutes) Skin solution facials (55 minutes)
BODY TREATMENTS
BENEFITS Deep cleansing
Improved skin condition
Rejuvenation
Relaxation
Benefit for chronic conditions Back, face & scalp treatment (120 or 85 minutes) Aromatherapy massage (55 minutes) Hot stone massage (55 minutes) Swedish massage (55 minutes) Deep muscle massage (55 minutes) Lift & firm hip & thigh treatment (55 minutes) Spa maternity pre- & post-natal treatment (25 or 55 minutes)
BODY WRAP TREATMENT Detox wrap (55 minutes) Body wrap (55 minutes)
USERS
BENEFITS
Relieve stress and tension
Weight loss Cardiovascular health
BENEFITS Help against arthritis, skin ailments and cellulite Exfoliation
Skin detoxification Relaxation
Both men and women - People who want to improve their skin’s health. - People who want to improve the way their skin looks. - People looking to fight the signs of ageing.
USERS REASONS FOR GOING TO THE SPA RELAX
HEALTH The best choice to make healthy changes. These offer good nutrition and exercise with relaxing spa treatment. Ex: Destination Spa.
A few spa treatments in a solo environment. Ex: Resort Spa.
YOGA
All-day exercise for rapid weight loss along with weight management. Ex: Club Spa.
HIKING
Classes aimed at different levels of expertise, as well as Wellness yoga retreats. Ex: Destination & Resort Spa.
USERS
LOSE WEIGHT
PSYCHOLOGICAL
Hiking programs, aimed at different fitness levels. Ex: Destination Spa.
Push through some fears and habits.
DETOX Yoga classes and treatments, including some spa options to get rid of all the harmful toxins.
RECONNECT WITH PEOPLE Spend quality time with the people you love. Ex: Destination Spa.
(source: Understanding the Global Spa Industry by M. Cohen and G. Bodeker)
70% of spa users are women 30% are men
48% of spa users were looking to reduce stress
46% of spa users think their look is very improtant
67% of spa users take long walks or ride a bicycle on a regular basis
60% of spa users care about what they eat
CONCLUSIONS
Spas are places devoted to overall well-being through a variety of professional services that encourage the renewal of mind, body and spirit. There are many types of spas - and it is important to understand the difference so users get the experience they are looking for. In general, a spa is a place where an individual can receive spa treatments, most commonly massage, facials, and body treatments, however some types also focus on healthy eating, physical activities and medical care. The nature and length of each treatment can influence the design of spaces i.e. for longlasting treatments a waiting area could be considered. Demographic information provided may influence the strategy of a spa design i.e. common user habits like riding a bicycle on a daily basis may influence the decision to design amenities for various physical pursuits etc.
Site Spatial Quality
Site Activity
Single-Story Building
Building Height
Seasonal House
Retail
Studio
Double-Stories Building Traditional Rendered House
Single-Story Building with Pitched roof Visit Center
Toilet
Cafe
Multi-Stories Building
1:1000
The buildings nearby are mainly the low-rise buildings with one floor or double oors. Low-rise buildings along the coast side are able to resist the stong wind form the sea as well as will be easy to hiden in the nature for providing the good views for visitors.
Building Material Analysis Prefabricated Steel House with Timber Frame
Brick House`
Concrete Rendered Building
1:1000
Conclusion: There are three main materials used in site surroundings, which contained cheap but fast-prefabricated steel with timber frame, traditional brick and local masonry.
Pitched Roof
Roof Type Analysis
Flat Roof
Semi-Pitched and Flat Roof
1:1000
Conclusion: There are different roof types that can represent the time the houses were built to some extent. The pitched roof mostly represents the traditional house and the modern building often used at roof.
Cluster Building
Building Owners and Users
Seasonal houses is owned by the studio manager and provided for the visitors in summer
Private Building A family live in this house and the host is open the craft studio and manage the cluster building
Public Building Visitor center covers a bird museum providing for the visitors.
Retail sells the goods to the visitors and the residents
Toilet is used by the visitors
Cafe provides service for the visitors
The Studio provides craft teaching for the visitors
1:1000
Most buildings near site are public buildings providing service for the visitors. The cluster buildings are prefabricated house open in the summer for the visitors. As result, the population near the site would increase in the summer and decrease in the winter
CONCLUSION Site Section Single-Story Building
Building Height
Seasonal House
Building Material Analysis Prefabricated Steel House with Timber Frame
Retail
Studio
Brick House`
Double-Stories Building Traditional Rendered House
Single-Story Building with Pitched roof Visit Center
Concrete Rendered Building Toilet
Cafe
Multi-Stories Building
The buildings nearby are mainly the low-rise buildings with one floor or double floors. Low-rise buildings along the coast side are able to resist the stong wind form the sea as well as will be easy to hiden in the nature for providing the good views for visitors.
Single-Story Building Pitched Roof Seasonal House
Conclusion: There are three main materials used in site surroundings, which contained cheap but fast-prefabricated steel with timber frame, traditional brick and local masonry.
Building Roof TypeHeight Analysis Cluster Building
Building Owners and Users
Seasonal houses is owned by the studio manager and provided for the visitors in summer
Retail
Private Building Studio
Double-Stories Building Traditional Rendered House
A family live in this house and the host is open the craft studio and manage the cluster building
Public Building Visitor center covers a bird museum providing for the visitors.
Flat Roof Single-Story Building with Pitched roof Visit Center
Toilet
Retail sells the goods to the visitors and the residents
Toilet is used by the visitors
Semi-Pitched and Flat Roof
Cafe
Cafe provides service for the visitors
The Studio provides craft teaching for the visitors
Multi-Stories Building
1:1000
The buildings nearby are mainly the low-rise buildings with one floor or double flConclusion: oors. Low-rise buildings along theroof coast side that are able resist thethe stong There are different types can to represent timewind the form houses the seabuilt as well as will be easy hiden inroof the mostly nature for providing good views were to some extent. Thetopitched represents thethe traditional house for andvisitors. the modern building often used flat roof.
1:1000
Most buildings near site are public buildings providing service for the visitors. The cluster buildings are prefabricated house open in the summer for the visitors. As result, the population near the site would increase in the summer and decrease in the winter
NATRUE FORM DEVELOPMENT
Nature Form 1
TREE FORM
Silhouette
Fluid difusion Experiment
Model Exploration
Nature Form 1
SOW BACK
Silhouette
Fluid difusion Experiment
Model Exploration
Nature Form 1
MOUTAIN
Silhouette
Abstrac Extract
3d printer Model Exploration
NATRUE FORM DEVELOPMENT
Nature Form 1
Morass
Morass
horizontal plan
Light Experiment
Nature Form 1
BRANCH
Different leaf form
root
Model Exploration
Stone
Water
Light
Geometry
Nature
Ambience
Humidity
Level
Integrity
Continuity
Linear
Porous
Layers
Chinese spa culture started from the Chinese emperor and has never been broken over 5000 years.
The earliest records for the Chinese emperor who had the thermal bath spa is the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi 2698–2598 BC), “who is now
regarded as the initiator of Chinese civilization, and said to be the ancestor of all Huaxia Chinese”. Thermae of Huangshan Mountain (Tangquan/Lingquan)
Fengquan Hot Spring (phoenix hot springs)
Huaqing Pool (Huaqing hot springs)
Built by Emperor Wendi of the Sui dynasty as part of the Fengquan Palace.
Huaqing pool is the earliest documented hot springs in China. It was discovered 2800 years ago and built in 723 by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty as part of the Huaqing Palace, and is famous as the supposed scene of Xuanzong's romance with his consort Yang Guifei.
Guangzhou Conghua hot spring
InterContinental Resort Jiuzhai Paradise
CHINESE SPA FEATURES
Abundant resources.
Long History, developed by emperors.
Utilization of traditional Chinese medicine.
Social Development, upturn living standards, long vocation system ---- Chinese spa in different period.
Group&10& Nature&Structure&Research& ——&rock&forma6on
Index& ! Natural&Rock&Structure& &&&&&&&&&&Rock&Forma6on&in&Nature& &&&&&&&&&&Weathering&Processes&in&Nature& ! From&Rock&to&Architecture& ! Form&Finding&Process& &&&&&&&&&&Basic&Units&& &&&&&&&&&&Units&Combina6on& &&&&&&&&&&Combina6on&Development& &&&&&&&&&&Assemblage& &&&&&&&&&&Shape&Development& ! Final&Model& ! Site&Analysis&
! Natural&Rock&Structure& &&&&&&&&&&Rock&Forma6on&in&Nature& &&&&&&&&&&Weathering&Processes&in&Nature& ! From&Rock&to&Architecture& ! Form&Finding&Process& &&&&&&&&&&Basic&Units&& &&&&&&&&&&Units&Combina6on& &&&&&&&&&&Combina6on&Development& &&&&&&&&&&Assemblage& &&&&&&&&&&Shape&Development& ! Final&Model& ! Site&Analysis&
Rock&Forma6on&in&Nature&
igneous&rock
sedimentary&rock
metamorphic&rock
Weathering&Processes&in&Nature&
Wind
Water
Sun
! Natural&Rock&Structure& &&&&&&&&&&Rock&Forma6on&in&Nature& &&&&&&&&&&Weathering&Processes&in&Nature& ! From&Rock&to&Architecture& ! Form&Finding&Process& &&&&&&&&&&Basic&Units&& &&&&&&&&&&Unites&Combina6on& &&&&&&&&&&Combina6on&Development& &&&&&&&&&&Assemblage& &&&&&&&&&&Shape&Development& ! Final&Model& ! Site&Analysis&
From&Rock&to&Architecture
! Natural&Rock&Structure& &&&&&&&&&&Rock&Forma6on&in&Nature& &&&&&&&&&&Weathering&Processes&in&Nature& ! From&Rock&to&Architecture& ! Form&Finding&Process& &&&&&&&&&&Basic&Units&& &&&&&&&&&&Units&Combina6on& &&&&&&&&&&Combina6on&Development& &&&&&&&&&&Assemblage& &&&&&&&&&&Shape&Development& ! Final&Model& ! Site&Analysis&
Wirral Country Park Station Road Thurstaston Merseyside CH61 0HN
Approach (from train station) Bus + walk Walk along the beach Taxi
Our site, Wirral Country Park, is located at the beach of Wirral, the east bank of River Dee. We can take train from Liverpool to West Kirby Station, and then there are three main methods to approach the site. First, walking along the beach to the site will take more than two hours to get there. Another way to get there is by bus, but you still have to walk for a distance, and it will take about 50 minutes in total. Finally, you can take a taxi or drive there, and it will take about 20 minetes.
ROUTE 2 ROUTE 1
The site plan and model show the boundary of the site, the houses, paths, topography and so on. In addition, two main visiting routes show the main entrance to the site from the street, and lead to the visitor center.
ROUTE 2
ROUTE 1
When standing at point 1, we can see the remains of an old railway showed in the photo 1. The old platform and trace can still be seen. From other photos we can see the hills, trees and other topography. We can figure that the site is very open area which provides wide view of all direction.
ROUTE 2
ROUTE 1
The visitor center is set on the north corner of the site, including a shop, a cafĂŠ, a meeting room and a bird observation room. A small lake is in front of the house. It is regarded to be an artificial pond. There are benches all around the area. People often go for a picnic in a good weather.
The sketches show the open area and the cliff. The cliff is quite steep and about 15m deep. The hills are very gentle and we think they are also artificial.
There are two main paths for vistors. One is along the old railway and the other one is along the Station Road. The two existing buildings are a cafe and a visitor centre.
A large pond lies in front of the visitor centre. There are two kinds of vegetations. The tall ones are trees and the small ones are bushes.
The height of the cliff is about 15m. The hills inside the site is around 2 -- 4m high. The overview shows how all of these factors are combined together.
SECTION AA’ Section AA’ shows the topography of the site from north to south. It is clearly seen that the spaces are relatively enclosed near the visitor center, and getting more open on the cliff. We can also see the scale of trees, houses, cliff and people.
SECTION BB’ Section BB’ show the other side of the site. More trees can be seen on this side, because the trees make the boundary of the site. We can also see the other small pond which is surrounded by small bushes.
HEIGHT ANALYSIS
This graphic shows the height of different elements on the site. Most of the bushes are around 1m high, but some of them near the cliff can reach 2m, which can block the view to the sea. The average height of trees is 7-8m, but the highest can reach 12m, and mostly are pine trees.
Some ideas of the relationship and position of the houses and site