Shock

Background

Symptoms and signs

Shock means that cells cannot get enough oxygen and nutrients due to various causes. Shock is life-threatening and requires immediate medical treatment.

The outcome is more unfavourable in elderly because of poor body reserve in general.

Examples of shock and their causes

Types Common causes

Hypovolemic Shock Massive bleeding or dehydration Cardiogenic Shock Heart attack Anaphylactic Shock Food allergy, insert bite Septic Shock Severe infection

Any type of shock can be fatal.

- Dizziness, drowsiness, confusion - Chest discontent or tightness - Shortness of breath - Reduced urination - Cold & clammy skin

**When shock is suspected, call 999 immediately. There is no effective way to handle shock at home. **

As a first aider

- Recognize the condition and manage as medical emergency

Do’s

1. Seek emergency medical help Call 999 immediately 2. Have the patient lie flat. Raising the elderly’s legs above heart level if possible to restore blood flow to the brain 3. Control any external bleeding 4. Keep the elderly warm 5. Monitor conscious level, breathing and pulse regularly until the emergency service arrives

Don’ts

1. Give the elderly any food or drinks 2. Leave the elderly alone