MARINE AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LEASE PROVIDENCE BAY, NSW BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Water Column, sediment chemistry and biological characteristics
FINAL REPORT (corrected) September/October 2016
Report to NSW DPI/HUON AQUACULTURE RESEARCH TEAM BY AQUACULTURE, MANAGEMENT & DEVELOPMENT PTY LTD
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Document Distribution Date
Name
Company
23/11/16
David Whyte
Huon Aquaculture
24/11/16
Wayne O’Connor
29/11/16
Document
Version
Copies
Draft
V1.1
1
NSW Fisheries
Draft
V1.1
1
David Whyte
Huon Aquaculture
Draft
V2
1
29/11/16
Wayne O’Connor
NSW Fisheries
Draft
V2
1
29/11/16
Troy Gaston
University of Newcastle
Draft
V2
1
29/11/16
Margaret Platell
University of Newcastle
Draft
V2
1
29/11/16
Graeme Bowley
NSW Fisheries
Draft
V2
1
Type
DISCLAIMER: The present report is provided for the exclusive use of NSW DPI/Huon Aquaculture Research Team as part of the requirements for the Water Quality and Benthic Environment Monitoring Plan as part of the Environmental Management Plan for the development of the Marine Aquaculture Research Lease in Providence Bay, NSW, in accordance with the State Significant Infrastructure (SSI-5118) consent conditions. Aquaculture, Management & Development P/L disclaims all liability for any adverse consequences arising from the use of information contained within this report by any third party. Dr. Dom O’Brien Managing Director. AMD. 6th December 2016
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Contents 1
Summary ................................................................................................................................. 6
2
Operational Summary ............................................................................................................. 9
3
Location and Survey Map ...................................................................................................... 10
4
Water Column Characteristics ............................................................................................... 11
5
Underwater Video Survey...................................................................................................... 16 5.1 Filming summary............................................................................................................. 16 5.2 Observations from filming ............................................................................................... 16
6
Sediment Chemistry .............................................................................................................. 21 6.1 Redox Potential ............................................................................................................... 21 6.2 Sulphide Analysis ............................................................................................................ 22 6.3 Particle Size Analysis ....................................................................................................... 23 6.4 Organic Content .............................................................................................................. 24
7
Biological Analysis ................................................................................................................. 25
8
References ............................................................................................................................ 30
9
Appendices............................................................................................................................ 32
List of Figures Figure 1 Location and Survey Maps – MARL Providence Bay ................................................................................................10 Figure 2 Graphs of Sonde results for all sites ..........................................................................................................................12 Figure 3 Graphs of water column nutrients for all sites ..........................................................................................................13 Figure 4 Screenshots of ROV footage from all sites. NB: S6 is labelled MARL S5.3 followed by MARL S6.3, two shots of S1 provided to show the grey/black small (scattered) amorphous lumps representing the fine carbon deposits at this site. ...................................................................................................................................................................................17 Figure 5 Redox potential at 30 mm depth in sediment cores................................................................................................21 Figure 6 Sulphide concentrations in sediment core samples .................................................................................................22 Figure 7 Particle size analyses of the top 100 mm of sediment. Mean percentage cumulative volume for size fractions at each site.......................................................................................................................................................................23 Figure 8 Organic content in sediment samples.......................................................................................................................24 Figure 9 K-dominance curves, using data pooled for each site, of the benthic macroinvertebrates identified to family level, obtained from four replicate grabs at each site during the baseline survey at Providence Bay.......................26 Figure 10 nMDS ordinations using data on the benthic macroinvertebrates at both a (a) broad scale, i.e. class/order and (b) fine scale, i.e. family level for polychaetes, molluscs and decapods, obtained from four replicate grabs at each site during the baseline survey at Providence Bay. .......................................................................................................29
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
List of Tables Table 1 Chlorophyll a levels for all sites ...................................................................................................................................14 Table 2 Comparison of nutrients and chlor a results with ANZECC Default Trigger Guidelines ...........................................15 Table 3 ROV List of spot dives undertaken..............................................................................................................................16 Table 4 Description of each ROV dive performed at the MARL site, Providence Bay..........................................................18 Table 5 Mean sediment grain size at all sites..........................................................................................................................24 Table 6 Numbers of the benthic macroinvertebrates for each broad-scale taxa and important families for selected groups, recorded at eight sites during the baseline survey at Providence Bay, and the total and percentage contribution of each to the overall fauna ......................................................................................................................27 Table 7 Results of one-way ANOVA of Site of the numbers of taxa (broad-scale and family-level) and the total abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates obtained from four replicate grabs at each site during the baseline survey at Providence Bay. ...............................................................................................................................................28
List of Appendices Appendix 1 Survey coordinates for sediment sampling, based on the Mapping Grid of Australia Zone 56 (Datum GDA94) ..........................................................................................................................................................................................32 Appendix 2 Water Column results for all sites - Sonde Data .................................................................................................33 Appendix 3 Water Column results for all sites – Nutrients ....................................................................................................37 Appendix 4 Redox potential, measured in millivolts from 3cm depth in the sediment grabs or cores...............................38 Appendix 5 Sulphide analysis, measured in sediments at 3 cm from sediment surface ......................................................39 Appendix 6 Organic content – raw data..................................................................................................................................40 Appendix 7 Chlorophyll a – raw data ......................................................................................................................................41 Appendix 8 AST Labs nutrients analyses methodology ..........................................................................................................42 Appendix 9 Raw data for benthic macroinvertebrates, obtained from four replicate grabs at each site during the baseline survey at Providence Bay. ................................................................................................................................43
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
1
Summary
The Marine Aquaculture Research Lease (MARL)AL06/098 is located in Providence Bay in New South Wales (NSW). The MARL is positioned in a marine location that is exposed to the prevailing easterly winds and swell but is afforded some small protection from the north by Broughton Island and from the west through the NSW coastline. However, as the MARL is situated 5kms from this low lying coastline the lease can also be relatively exposed to strong westerlies. NSW DPI/Huon Aquaculture Research Team (NSW DPI/Huon) intend to use the MARL to assess the potential for the culture of Yellowtail Kingfish in these exposed NSW waters. NSW DPI/Huon will position two grids on the lease which can carry up to six pens each. NSW DPI/Huon presently expects to stock five pens in the first year of production reaching a standing stock of approximately 250-270 tonne by the end of 2017. The MARL has a consent for a standing biomass of 998t. For the first year all pens will be located on the northern grid within the MARL. In accordance with the State Significant Infrastructure (SSI-5118) consent conditions, NSW DPI/Huon prepared a Water Quality and Benthic Environment Monitoring Plan which was approved by the Department of Planning & Environment., This report presents all of the water column and sediments data required under the Water Quality Monitoring Program, the Substrate Monitoring Program and the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Program associated with the baseline survey, as required under the SSI-5118 consent prior to commencement of aquaculture operations. Baseline samples for the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Program, the Water Quality Monitoring Program and the Substrate Monitoring Program were collected by AMD and the University of Newcastle between the 1st and 7th September 2016. Errors made by the private analytical laboratories chosen to carry out the nutrient analyses in early September rendered those results void. Therefore, a replacement set of nutrient samples was taken on 16th October 2016 (1-2 days prior to the fish being stocked on to the site) and submitted to a different laboratory. The data contained in the present report is intended to provide baseline measurements of the range of variables that have been approved in order to assess the environmental performance of the fish pens at the MARL. The results from future sampling events results within and around the MARL will be referenced against both this baseline data and the data collected concurrently at the control sites. The data collected will be subject to seasonal differences. Direct comparison to baseline data will necessitate that some of the ongoing monitoring will need to be planned for the same time of year. Baseline data will also demonstrate the level of natural variability that exists across the survey area prior to the commencement of fish farming. Besides presenting the general ranges of nutrients, Chlorophyll a and water column dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and salinity, the dataset also provides evidence that there is some variability (albeit not tested for significance at this point) for most of these parameters between the surface and the seafloor. This shows DO and temperature decreasing with depth, and dissolved nutrients and Chlorophyll a elevated in seafloor samples compared to surface samples. The ANZECC guidelines for coastal waters provide default trigger limits for physical and chemical stressors for SE Australia for slightly disturbed ecosystems. It is evident that a number of the nutrients (particularly TN and TP) exceed these trigger levels and that there is therefore a need to establish or develop suitable local guideline levels. It is the intention of NSW DPI/Huon Aquaculture Research Team to undertake monthly sampling at the control sites through the first 2-3 years of development of the MARL in order to provide the basis for such guidelines. 6
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Filming of the seabed was conducted with a Remote Observation Vehicle (ROV). The seabed was generally uniform at all compliance, internal habitat and control sites. All sites shared the common features of medium to coarse rippled sand, some shell grit and old shells, with a depauperate fauna consisting generally of what appeared to be fine burrows and at times very low profile polychaete tubes. There were occasional Pennatulaceans (Cnidaria) and juvenile Flathead at a number of sites, and the occasional brittle star (ophiuroid), small mollusc, scallop (mostly only dead shells) and amphipod (probably associated with drift algae). Drift red algae was abundant at the control sites decreasing towards the south through the lease area and was absent from the southernmost survey sites. This together with the increase in sediment grain size from north to south may indicate a general trend across the sites. No introduced species were identified from the survey footage. At all sites apart from S1, sediment redox values at 30 mm sediment depth averaged 220 mV and were well above 100 mV at each site. The anoxic value for one of the triplicate samples from S1 suggests that there is a source of organic matter at this site. Sulphide concentration in sediments was below detection at all sites except for S1 at which one of the triplicate samples showed elevated (albeit still relatively low) sulphide levels. The observed redox and sulphide values were indicative of well oxygenated, unimpacted sediments. Sediments across the area sampled were dominated by medium sand fractions with the great majority of sediments (>50% at each site) being in the 0.25 mm size class. The sediments were clean with a very low proportion of mud fractions (i.e. < 0.063 mm). Patterns of particle size distribution were therefore indicative of a sedimentary environment with moderate agitation of seabed sediments and associated low abundance of fine silt and clay fractions. These patterns are considered typical of sediments in deep (i.e. >20 m) and exposed locations. The overall similarity in particle size distribution between sites implies similar depositional environments. The organic content of the sediments was very low at all sites, as would be expected in moderately coarse, sandy sediments, ranging from only 0.02% to 0.89%, with an average of 0.09% across all sites. Again one of the triplicate samples at S1 was different (higher) than all of the other samples. A total of 2669 benthic macroinvertebrates were recorded, comprising 18 broad-scale taxa and, collectively within the polychaetes, molluscs and decapod crustaceans, nearly 60 families. In terms of abundance, the benthic fauna was dominated by crustaceans, followed by polychaetes, molluscs and echinoderms. Taxa that made essentially negligible contributions to the total abundance were anthozans, poriferans, nemerteans and pycnogonids. It is noted that there were very few capitellid polychaetes in any of the samples. Observed patterns in the k-dominance plots show that there are relatively diverse communities and low to moderate levels of single taxon dominance (amphipods). This is consistent with that reported for a Tasmanian site with a similar scale of exposure and sediment characteristics. It is noted that the number of taxa would be greater had the non-decapod crustaceans and ophiuroids been subjected to a more detailed examination. It is also noted that there is essentially no information on the families of these invertebrates in this study area, which limits the usefulness of such an examination. Nevertheless, the level of diversity demonstrated through this baseline survey can form the basis of an informative/discriminative monitoring program. Based on the faunal patterns within the benthic macroinvertebrates as demonstrated in the Univariate and Multivariate analyses, any future benthic impacts should be readily observable. Reductions in faunal diversity and increases in species dominance patterns would be one of the main indicators of organic enrichment. Such a pattern would be expected to be readily discernible, given the high diversity and low-moderate dominance recorded during the baseline 7
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
survey. Consideration needs to be given to the future use and longer term selection of the control sites, as the present control sites were clearly distinct from other sites. It is anticipated that the family-level approach will be used for future macrofauna comparisons, although it is of interest that the broad-scale approach yields very similar results. Conversely, should a broad-scale taxa change markedly in abundance, identifications to family level may then be warranted.
8
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
2
Operational Summary
Contractor:
AQUACULTURE, MANAGEMENT & DEVELOPMENT PTY LTD (AMD) ACN 079 618 385 Phone 0421 331797 e-mail: dompobrien@ gmail.com
Client:
NSW DPI/Huon Aquaculture Research Team Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, NSW, 23157 T: 02 4982 1232 | F: 02 4981 9074 Liaison: Wayne O’Connor; David Whyte
Field work: AMD Personnel: University Personnel: Huon Personnel:
AMD Pty Ltd, University of Newcastle Dom O’Brien (All days) Margaret Platell (5th Sept/16th Oct), Vincent Raoult (2nd Sept), Tom Ryan (6th Sept) David Whyte, Elisha Lovell (both Oct 16th)
Dates of fieldwork: 1st September 2016 – ROV 2nd, September – Chlor a, TOC/S2-/Redox for C1, C2, S1 5th, September – Fauna, water column nutrients 6th, September – Water column Sonde (DO, Sal, Temp, pH) 7th September – TOC/S2-/Redox for S2-S6 16th October 2016 – Repeat water column nutrients sampling
Laboratory Analysis: Faunal analysis, Sediment Grain size, Chlorophyll a: University of Newcastle. Nutrients in water, Analytical State Laboratories (AST), Hobart, TAS. Organic content, Analytical Laboratory Services (ALS), Sydney, NSW. Filming for this assessment was carried out using a VideoRay Remotely Operated Inspection System using a colour video camera with 180 degrees of tilt range, high resolution and 0.004 lux of sensitivity, accompanied by two optimised LED arrays (3,600 lumens) adjustable lights. A Getac mobile GIS unit with attached Novatel Smart Antenna Differential GPS was used to locate all sites for both ROV and seabed sampling. Seabed sampling was undertaken using a Van-veen grab and Multicorer (Macleod and Forbes, 2004). Reporting: Section 7, Dr Margaret Platell, University of Newcastle, NSW. The rest of the reporting was provided by AMD.
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MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
3
Location and Survey Map
Figure 1 Location and Survey Maps – MARL Providence Bay Key to maps: S1, S2, S5 & S6 C1, C2 S3 & S4 A, B, C, D – Black rectangle –
35 m compliance (triplicate groups of ROV spot dives). Control sites (also in triplicate). Pen sites (also in triplicate). Corners of the first grid. Lease boundary.
For sample site coordinates please refer to Appendix 1. 10
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
4
Water Column Characteristics
Methods Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, salinity and temperature data through the water column were measured using a YSI 6820 model Sonde on 6th September 2016. The Sonde measured from the water surface down to 1-2m above the seafloor. Chlorophyll a samples from 2nd September were collected by hand dipping the sample bottles into the surface water. Nutrient samples were originally collected on the 5 th September but were erroneously analysed rendering them unusable. The full suite of nutrients was therefore resampled (and subsequently analysed by AST laboratories Hobart) on the 16th October, 2 days before the site was stocked with Kingfish. Nutrients and Chlorophyll a were sampled on the 16th October 2016 at the surface and seafloor using a Niskin bottle with graduated cord to ensure that samples were taken just above the seafloor. The methodology employed by the AST labs is provided in Appendix 8. Chlorophyll a samples were collected and analysed (by the University of Newcastle) for both sampling events (2nd September & 16th October). Seawater (0.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1.0L) was filtered through a 1.2um glass fibre filter (GF/C) under low vacuum for Chlorophyll a analysis (Dela Cruz et al 2002). The filter paper was placed into a 15ml centrifuge tube and 10ml of 90% acetone added. The filter paper was macerated with a glass rod, centrifuge tube covered in foil and placed in the freezer (20oC) for 1 hour. The sample was then centrifuged at 5000rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was decanted into a UV spectrophotometer and measured at 630, 647, 6650 and 750nm. Calculations of Chlorophyll a were based on the American Public Health Association (APHA) Method 10200.
Results All Sonde results as collected on 6th September are provided in Figure 2 and Appendix 2. These demonstrate that the general pattern of for all variables is generally very similar down through the water column. Water temperatures were highly consistent at all sites with a sea surface temperature of around 18.8oC at the surface decreasing to 18.0-18.2oC at the seafloor. Dissolved oxygen (DO) % saturation ranged between 98-100% at the surface, decreasing down through the water column to 92-95 % at the seafloor. DO concentration followed the same pattern at all sites ranging between 7.3-7.6mg/L at the surface and decreasing down to 6.97.3mg/L at the seafloor. Salinity was constant through the water column at 35.4-35.5 indicating full strength seawater throughout, with the controls showing a marginal decrease in salinity at the surface at approximately 35.0ppt. pH was constant through the water column ranging between 8.16-8.19 through all depths and sites.
11
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Figure 2 Graphs of Sonde results for all sites
Water column nutrients (and pH) results from the October survey for both surface and close to the seafloor samples are provided in Figure 3 below and Appendix 3. pH ranged from 8.2-8.4 with no apparent consistent trend across the sites or through the water column (Figure 3). For the nutrients: ammonia, nitrate+nitrite (NOx) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) showed a slight but consistent increase close to the seafloor compared to the surface, with ammonia levels ranging from 0.011-0.019mg/L at the seafloor and 0.007-0.01 at the surface, NOx ranging from 0.005-0.014mg/L at the seafloor and 0.003-0.004 at the surface, and DRP ranging from 0.006-0.008mg/L at the seafloor and 0.004-0.006 at the surface (Figure 3). Kjeldahl Nitrogen (KN), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) did not show any particular trends or differences between the surface and the seafloor or across sites, with Kjeldahl N ranging from 0.25-0.3mg/L, Total N ranging from 0.25-0.31mg/L and Total P ranging from 0.3-0.4mg/L.
12
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Figure 3 Graphs of water column nutrients for all sites
Chlorophyll a results for both surface and close to the seafloor samples taken from both the September and October surveys are provided in Table 1 below and Appendix 7. Across all sites and surveys Chlorophyll a levels ranged from 0.3-4.0µg/L. Levels at the surface decreased from a mean of 2.26µg/L down to 0.68 from the beginning of September through to the mid October survey, and for the mid October survey Chlorophyll a levels close to the seafloor (mean of 1.62µg/L) averaged more than two times the level on the surface (0.68).
13
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Table 1 Chlorophyll a levels for all sites
Chl a (Âľg/L) Site C1 Seabed C1 Surface C2 Seabed C2 Surface S1 Seabed S1 Surface S2 Seabed S2 Surface S3 Seabed S3 Surface S4 Seabed S4 Surface S5 Seabed S5 Surface S6 Seabed S6 Surface Mean Seafloor SD Seafloor Mean Surface SD Surface Overall Mean (16/10/16) Overall SD (16/10/16)
2/09/2016 16/10/2016
2.117 3.316 1.319 2.276 2.066 1.386 1.626 3.962
2.259 0.935
1.293 0.790 1.367 0.954 0.826 0.635 0.740 0.416 2.242 1.133 1.157 0.511 3.812 0.294 1.530 nd 1.621 0.999 0.676 0.301 1.180 0.881
Interpretation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; general comments on DO/nutrients/Chlorophyll a levels and trends. The data contained in the present report is intended to provide baseline measurements of the range of variables that have been approved in order to assess the environmental performance of the fish pens at the MARL. Future sampling events results within and around the MARL will be referenced against both this baseline data and the data collected concurrently at the control sites. The data collected will necessarily be subject to seasonal differences and so direct comparison to baseline will necessitate that some part of the ongoing monitoring will need to be planned for the same time of year, however, there is also value in the baseline data in demonstrating the level of natural variability that exists across the survey area prior to the commencement of fish farming. In this regard besides presenting the general ranges of nutrients, Chlorophyll a and water column DO/Temperature and salinity, the present dataset also provides evidence that there is some variability (albeit not tested for significance at this point) for most of these parameters between the surface and the seafloor, with DO and temperature decreasing with depth (as might be expected), and dissolved nutrients and Chlorophyll a elevated in seafloor samples compared to surface samples. The widespread presence of drift algae as shown in the ROV footage from the September survey may (at least in part) explain the increase in Chlorophyll a levels close to the seafloor when compared to surface values. It is also the longer term intention of the NSW DPI/Huon to assess changes in Chlorophyll a levels in Providence Bay through using satellite imagery and as such the baseline data provided can also be regarded as part of the data set that is anticipated to be used 14
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
to ground-truth satellite surface Chlorophyll a data. A preliminary investigation of Satellite Chlorophyll a levels (AODN Data Collections, CSIRO-MODIS, 2016) for the 16th October (no satellite data available on the 2nd September), provided readings of 0.495µg/L(S1), 0.43 (S5), and 0.552(C1) with a mean of 0.492µg/L, which would appear to be close to the sample values (mean of 0.573 for the same sites) in the baseline dataset. The ANZECC guidelines for coastal waters (ANZECC, 2000) provide default trigger limits for physical and chemical stressors for SE Australia for slightly disturbed ecosystems. A comparison of the results for nutrients is provided against those triggers levels in Table 2 below. From the table it is evident that a number of the nutrients (particularly TN and TP) exceed these trigger levels and that there is therefore a need to establish or develop suitable local guideline levels. It is the intention of NSW DPI/Huon Aquaculture Research Team to undertake monthly sampling at the control sites through the first 2-3 years of development of the MARL in order to provide the basis for such guidelines. Dissolved oxygen saturation and pH through the water column were both well within the trigger levels. Table 2 Comparison of nutrients and chlor a results with ANZECC Default Trigger Guidelines
Parameter
Unit
NH4-N NOx-N Tot N Tot P FRP Chl a
µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L µg/L
ANZECC Trigger level 2000 15 5 120 25 10 1
Mean Surface Baseline
Mean Seafloor Baseline
8 4 280 30 5 0.676
13 9 290 30 7 1.621
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MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
5
Underwater Video Survey 5.1
Filming summary
The appearance of the seabed in the vicinity of the MARL was recorded by filming spot dives of the sea floor using a VideoRay Remote Observation Vehicle (ROV). The spot dive locations were: -
Compliance sites at 35 m outside the lease boundary (sites S1, S2, S5, S6). Pen sites consisting of triplicate locations under prospective pen bays within the lease area (sites S3, S4). Control sites at least 500 m from the lease boundary (sites C1, C2)
Survey sites were located at positions as illustrated in Figure 1 and listed in Table 3. The positions of all dives were located or marked by DGPS using a Getac mobile GIS unit with attached Novatel Smart Antenna Differential GPS. Descriptions of video footage are summarised for each site in Table 4. Digital recording of all control, compliance and internal lease dive sites for the MARL has been forwarded to NSW Department of Planning & Environment, and screenshots of each site provided in Figure 4. 5.2
Observations from filming
Table 3 ROV List of spot dives undertaken
DATE 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901 20160901
TIME 11:10 11:21 11:35 11:52 12:02 12:14 12:34 12:47 13:02 13:27 13:38 13:48 14:11 14:22 14:32 14:55 15:05 15:14 15:27 15:38 15:51 16:13 16:29 16:40
SITE c1.1 c1.2 c1.3 c2.1 c2.2 c2.3 s1.1 s1.2 s1.3 s2.1 s2.2 s2.3 s3.1 s3.2 s3.3 s4.1 s4.2 s4.3 s5.1 s5.2 s5.3 s6.1 s6.2 s6.3
MGA56_Easting MGA56_Northing 433772 433802 433730 433297 433331 433306 432791 432743 432842 432422 432451 432386 432586 432588 432566 432360 432364 432343 432519 432545 432483 432159 432115 432199
6388151 6388175 6388104 6388520 6388591 6388561 6387476 6387482 6387465 6387434 6387476 6387398 6387272 6387292 6387274 6386763 6386780 6386770 6386592 6386636 6386558 6386558 6386589 6386526
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MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Interpretation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; general comments on spot dive locations Table 4 below provides a list of seabed sediment characteristics and fauna observations from the 24 ROV spot dives undertaken at the control, compliance and pen sites. All sites shared the common features of medium to coarse rippled sand (Figure 4), some shell grit and old shells, with a depauperate fauna consisting generally of what appeared to be fine burrows and very low profile polychaete tubes. There were occasional Pennatulaceans (Cnidaria) and juvenile Flathead at a number of sites, and the occasional brittle star (ophiuroid), small mollusc, scallop (mostly only shells) and amphipod (probably associated with drift algae). Site 1.1 did provide evidence (grey rounded â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;globulesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in the foreground of the S1.1 screenshots in Figure 4) for deposits of fine organic matter which was also present in grab and core samples and which also appeared to significantly affect the chemical nature of the site (e.g., redox/sulphide). The great majority of the algae appeared to be drift red algae with an occasional sighting of a piece of brown algae. The density of this drift algae was greatest in abundance in the northern control sites, decreasing towards the south through the lease area and was absent from the sites furthest south (S4-S6). No introduced species were identified from the survey footage.
Figure 4 Screenshots of ROV footage from all sites. NB: S6 is labelled MARL S5.3 followed by MARL S6.3, two shots of S1 provided to show the grey/black small (scattered) amorphous lumps representing the fine carbon deposits at this site.
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MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Table 4 Description of each ROV dive performed at the MARL site, Providence Bay. Site
Easting (GDA94 MGA55)
Northing (GDA94 MGA55)
Date (DD-MMYYYY)
Time
Depth (m)
Dive Type
C1.1
433772
6388151
01-Sep-16
11.15.43
37
control
C1.2
433802
6388175
01-Sep-16
11.26.57
37
control
C1.3
433730
6388104
01-Sep-16
11.40.27
37
control
C2.1
433297
6388520
01-Sep-16
11.57.23
36
control
C2.2
433331
6388591
01-Sep-16
12.07.00
36.5
control
C2.3
433306
6388561
01-Sep-16
12.19.35
36.5
control
1.1
432791
6387476
01-Sep-16
12.39.17
38
35m
1.2
432743
6387482
01-Sep-16
12.52.05
38
35m
1.3
432842
6387465
01-Sep-16
13.07.39
38.5
35m
Comments Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. A few suspected small molluscs and fine low profile worm tubes. Juvenile Flathead. Flora = Abundant drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. A few suspected small molluscs and fine low profile worm tubes. Flora = Abundant drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected amphipod. Flora = Abundant drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Flora = Abundant drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected amphipods and scallops. Many fine/small burrows.. Flora = Abundant and extensive drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected amphipods and scallops (probably old shells). Many fine/small burrows.. Flora = Abundant and extensive drift red algae. Seabed = Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Some small ’globules’ of unidentified fine black deposits. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected ’larger’ tube worm. Stingaree. Flora = Abundant drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. A few suspected scallop shells and Pennatulaceans . Flora = Abundant drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected terebellid worms. Flora = Abundant drift red algae.
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MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Easting (GDA94 MGA55)
Northing (GDA94 MGA55)
Date (DD-MMYYYY)
Time
Depth (m)
Dive Type
2.1
432422
6387434
01-Sep-16
13.32.45
37
35m
2.2
432451
6387476
01-Sep-16
13.43.07
37.5
35m
2.3
432386
6387398
01-Sep-16
13.53.17
37
35m
3.1
432586
6387272
01-Sep-16
14.16.28
38.5
internal
3.2
432588
6387292
01-Sep-16
14.27.30
38.5
internal
3.3
432566
6387274
01-Sep-16
14.37.05
38.5
internal
4.1
432360
6386763
01-Sep-16
15.00.51
39.5
internal
4.2
432364
6386780
01-Sep-16
15.09.54
39
internal
4.3
432343
6386770
01-Sep-16
15.19.19
39.5
internal
5.1
432519
6386592
01-Sep-16
15.32.22
41
35m
Site
Comments Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected turritellid molluscs. Flora = Abundant drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Low profile fine worm tubes. Flora = Abundant drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected terebellid worms. Juvenile Flathead. Flora = Abundant drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected scallops, a few suspected scallop shells and Pennatulaceans. Brittle stars. Juvenile Flathead. Low profile fine worm tubes. Flora = Small amount of drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected scallop shells. Juvenile Flathead. Flora = Small amount of drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected scallop shells. Juvenile Flathead. Flora = Small amount of drift red algae. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected scallop shells. Brittle star. Flora = None. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Suspected scallop shells. Brittle star. Possible isopod. Low profile fine worm tubes and burrows. Flora = None. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Low profile fine worm tubes and burrows. Flora = None. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. A few broken shells and shellgrit. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Brittle stars. Low profile fine worm tubes and burrows. Flora = None.
19
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Site
5.2
5.3
6.1
Easting (GDA94 MGA55) 432545
432483
432159
Northing (GDA94 MGA55) 6386636
6386558
6386558
Date (DD-MMYYYY) 01-Sep-16
01-Sep-16
01-Sep-16
Time
15.42.53
15.55.41
16.18.18
Depth (m)
41
41
40
Dive Type
35m
35m
35m
6.2
432115
6386589
01-Sep-16
16.34.08
39.5
35m
6.3
432199
6386526
01-Sep-16
16.45.04
40
35m
Comments Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. profile fine worm tubes and burrows. Flora = None. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. tubes and burrows. Juvenile Flathead. Flora = None. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. worm tubes and burrows. Juvenile Flathead. Flora = None. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. fine worm tubes and burrows. Juvenile Flathead. Flora = None. Seabed = Uniform across all sites. Rippled sands. Fauna = Depauperate, consistent with most sites. Flora = None.
A few broken shells and shellgrit. Suspected Nassarid like molluscs. Low
A few broken shells and shellgrit. Possible amphipod. Low profile fine worm
A few broken shells and shellgrit. Old Pennatulacean stalk. Low profile fine
A few broken shells and shellgrit. Pennatulacean. Brittle star. Low profile
A few broken shells and shellgrit. Low profile fine worm tubes and burrows.
20
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
6 Sediment Chemistry Triplicate samples were taken at each of the eight sample sites for all of the variables tested in this section. Results for each site are generally presented below as an average (and associated variability) of the triplicate samples. 6.1
Redox Potential
Methods Redox potential was measured in millivolts at 30 mm below the sediment surface using a TPS intermediate junction Redox (ORP) Sensor attached to a TPS pH 80 meter. Calibration and functionality of the meter were checked before each test using Zobells Standard Solution (229 mV at 25 °C). Pre measurement calibration provided a reading of 232mV at 21.4°C. Measurements were made within 3 hours of the samples being collected. Corrected Redox potential values were calculated by adding the standard potential of the reference cell to the measured redox potential and are reported in millivolts. Results and interpretation At all sites, apart from S1, sediment redox values at 30 mm sediment depth averaged 220 mV and were well above 100 mV (Figure 5). At S1 one of the triplicate samples was significantly different to the others with a high negative, anoxic level of -244 mV. The observed high redox values are indicative of well oxygenated, unimpacted sediments (Macleod and Forbes 2004). The anoxic value for one of the triplicate samples from S1 suggests that there is a source of organic matter at this site. Raw data is presented in Appendix 4.
Figure 5 Redox potential at 30 mm depth in sediment cores
21
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
6.2
Sulphide Analysis
Methods Sediment sulphide was measured in broad accordance with the protocols outlined in Macleod and Forbes (2004) and modified for a TPS intermediate junction series (IJ-Ag2S) silver/sulphide ion selective electrode and TPS WP-90 Specific Ion-pH-mV meter. Measurements were made using a modified syringe, 2 mL of sediment was removed at 30 mm depth from the core or grab and mixed with 2 mL of reagent (sulphide anti-oxidant buffer, SAOB) in a small beaker. The sediment/SAOB mixture was carefully stirred with the probe for 15-20 seconds, until the reading stabilised. The accuracy and functionality of the meter and probe was assessed prior to analysis commencing, using standards of known concentration. The meter and probe have a self calibration facility (mV to uM sulphide) that allows for the meter to provide sulphide concentration directly without the need for post processing conversion. Results and interpretation Sulphide concentration in sediments was below detection at all sites except for S1 (Figure 6). Further, only one of the triplicate samples at S1 was above detection at 2.84uM. The observed sulphide concentrations therefore showed no â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;realâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; evidence of organic enrichment (Macleod and Forbes 2004).
Figure 6 Sulphide concentrations in sediment core samples
22
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
6.3
Particle Size Analysis
Methods The top 100 mm of each sediment core was homogenised and then sieved for particle size determination. Results and interpretation Sediments across the area sampled were dominated by medium sand fractions with the great majority of sediments (>50% at each site) being in the 0.25 mm size class. The sediments were clean with a very low proportion of mud fractions (i.e. < 0.063 mm). The mean grain size across all sites stayed within a very narrow range with only a very small increase in the proportion of muds at sites S1 and C2 and a possible trend of increased grain size from north to south across the survey area. The pattern of particle size distribution at all sites were generally comparable. Detailed results are presented in Figure 7, with the proportion of muds provided in Table 5. Patterns of particle size distribution were indicative of a sedimentary environment with moderate agitation of seabed sediments and associated low abundance of fine silt and clay fractions. These patterns are considered typical of sediments in deep (i.e. >20 m) and exposed locations. The overall similarity in particle size distribution between sites implies similar depositional environments.
100 C1
90
C2
80
S1 S2
cummulative %
70
S3
S4
60
S5 S6
50 40 30 20
10 0 4
2
1
.5
.250
.125
.063
<.063
Seive mesh size
Figure 7 Particle size analyses of the top 100 mm of sediment. Mean percentage cumulative volume for size fractions at each site
23
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Site C1 C2 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
Mean % Mud
se % Mud
Mean Grain Size (um)
se Grain Size
0.057 0.082 0.088 0.048 0.039 0.046 0.060 0.057
0.012 0.013 0.021 0.008 0.010 0.002 0.011 0.014
359.056 358.557 339.126 408.217 433.761 447.884 437.838 448.630
0.793 2.860 2.417 9.360 8.796 6.955 9.946 2.523
Table 5 Mean sediment grain size at all sites
6.4 Organic Content Methods A single undisturbed sediment core sample taken using a perspex core with an internal diameter of at least 50 mm at each sample site specified in the survey for the purposes of organic content analysis. The top 3 cm of each was oven dried at 60 °C prior to analysis of total organic carbon. Total organic carbon was measured by loss on ignition (450 °C in a muffle furnace for 4 hours) by AST.
Results and interpretation Results from the organic content analysis are presented in Figure 8. The organic content was very low at all sites, ranging from only 0.02% to 0.89%, with an average of 0.09% across all sites. Again one of the triplicate samples at S1 was different (higher) to all other samples (refer to Appendix 6). 1.00
Mean % Loss on Ignition
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00 C1
C2
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
-0.20
Figure 8 Organic content in sediment samples
24
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
7
Biological Analysis
Methods Collection: Macroinvertebrates were collected at each of the eight sampling sites, using a Van Veen grab which sampled a 0.07 m2 area of seabed. Four replicate grab samples were collected at each of the control (C1 and C2), pen (S3 and S4) and compliance (S1, S2, S5 and S6) sites, with a total of 32 grabs collected. Grab samples were placed in plastic bags containing 5-10% buffered formalin, and stored for 1-2 weeks to enable adequate fixation of organisms. Each sample was then sieved, within a fume hood, through both 1 and 0.5 mm mesh, and stored separately in jars with 70% ethanol. Laboratory analysis: Samples (1 mm) were processed in the laboratory by rinsing the sample with water, and then examining for the lighter/floating organisms (typically crustaceans and polychaetes) using a dissecting microscope. The remaining shell grit was microscopically examined for heavier/denser organisms (such as molluscs and echinoderms). Each organism was then identified to either a higher-order taxa, i.e. phylum, class or order, while those of the polychaetes, molluscs and decapods were identified to family level. The family-level identifications for these three broad taxonomic groups were possible due to there being prior information on the taxa present in the study area and good identification guides (Fauchald 1977, Beasley et al. 1998, Underwood & Hoskin 1999, Jansen 2000, Poore 2004). It is also relevant that these taxa (and particularly polychaetes and bivalves) are likely to respond differently to any organic enrichment (Crawford et al. 2002, Edgar et al. 2010). Statistical analyses: The relationship between the rank of each benthic macroinvertebrate taxon and its percentage contribution for each sites was described using K-dominance curves. Summaries of the main taxa were tabulated (Table 6) and raw data provided (Appendix 9). The abundance of all benthic macroinvertebrates and the number of taxa, both at a broad scale and family level, were each analysed using one-way ANOVA, with site as a factor. The numbers of both types of taxa were not transformed as there were no transformations that reduced the value of Levenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s F-value. However, the significant P-value from the Leveneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s test showed that neither met fully the assumptions for ANOVA (Broad-scale, df = 7, F = 5.531, P = 0.001; Family-level, df = 7, F = 4.576, P = 0.002), and that the von Bonferroni correction should be used. The total abundances, however, were log10 transformed (Leveneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s df = 7, F = 3.366, P = 0.012), as this returned the lowest F-value and least significant result. Multivariate analyses of the numbers of each of the benthic macroinvertebrate taxa were carried out, treating both broad-scale and family-level taxa separately, using various subroutines of the PRIMER 7 package (Clarke et al. 2014). Thus, the total numbers of each taxa were log10 transformed and the Bray-Curtis measure used to create a similarity matrix. The benthic faunal similarities between the various sites were visualised using non-metric multidimensional-scaling (nMDS) ordination. Analyses of Similarities (ANOSIM) was used to determine whether there were any significant differences between samples at the different sites (as for ANOVA above). RELATE was used to assess the correspondence between the broad-scale and family-level matrices.
25
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Results and interpretation General description: A total of 2669 benthic macroinvertebrates were recorded, comprising 18 broad-scale taxa and, collectively within the polychaetes, molluscs and decapod crustaceans, nearly 60 families (Table 6 and Appendix 9). In terms of abundance, the benthic fauna was dominated by crustaceans (57.5%, esp. amphipods, tanaids and isopods), followed by polychaetes (19.9%, esp. spionids), scleractinians (9.5%), molluscs (7.0%, esp. galeommatid bivalves and marginellid gastropods) and echinoderms (5.0%, nearly entirely ophiuroids). The dominant decapods were diogenids (hermit crabs, 0.7%). Taxa that made essentially negligible contributions to the total abundance are presented as other, i.e. anthozans, poriferans, nemerteans and pycnogonids (Table 6). It is noted that there were very few capitellid polychaetes in any of the samples. Observed patterns in the k-dominance plots show that there are relatively diverse communities and low to moderate levels of single taxon dominance (which were amphipods for each of the sites, ranging from 20 to 47% for all sites, see Figure 9). This is consistent with that reported for a Tasmanian site with similar sediment characteristics (Aquenal 2014). It is noted that the number of taxa would be greater had the non-decapod crustaceans (amphipods, tanaids, isopods, cumaceans and ostracods) and ophiuroids been subjected to a more detailed examination. It is also noted that there is essentially no information on the families of these invertebrates in this study area, which limits the usefulness of such an examination (Crawford et al. 2002).
Figure 9 K-dominance curves, using data pooled for each site, of the benthic macroinvertebrates identified to family level, obtained from four replicate grabs at each site during the baseline survey at Providence Bay.
26
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Table 6 Numbers of the benthic macroinvertebrates for each broad-scale taxa and important families for selected groups, recorded at eight sites during the baseline survey at Providence Bay, and the total and percentage contribution of each to the overall fauna
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES Cnidaria: Scleractinia Annelida: Polychaeta Spionidae Cirratulidae Opheliidae ?Pilargidae 20 other polychaete families Mollusca Mollusca: Bivalvia Galeommatidae 7 other bivalve families Mollusca: Scaphopoda Mollusca: Gastropoda Marginellidae 14 other gastropod families Crustacea Crustacea: Ostracoda Crustacea: Amphipoda Crustacea: Isopoda Crustacea: Leptostraca Crustacea: Mysidacea Crustacea: Cumacea Crustacea: Tanaidacea Crustacea: Decapoda Decapoda: Diogenidae 2 other crab families 3 shrimp families Echinodermata Ophiuroidea 2 other echinoderm classes Other TOTAL
C1
C2
42 28 1 13 21 13 13 8 8 132 5 103 4 1 9 6 3 1 1 16 16 0 5 216
95 79 9 7 17 11 5 6 6 6 88 2 47 16 9 9 5 5 23 23 0 5 228
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
Total
%
7 39 15 77 4 51 2 8 5 11 11 53 15 37 8 24 13 8 8 1 8 6 3 8 3 181 273 28 5 103 130 18 18 7 12 3 15 16 80 6 13 1 7 3 2 1 23 16 23 16 0 1 5 1 284 421
36 74 36 5 10 15 8 12 3 3 9 2 7 297 1 154 14 11 8 98 11 4 2 4 13 12 1 433
48 46 23 7 3 13 10 6 6 4 1 3 115 2 56 10 1 5 7 29 5 2 2 9 9 1 228
42 108 64 26 3 1 14 32 11 2 9 21 8 13 217 2 89 15 6 6 83 16 7 3 3 23 22 9 431
81 74 30 9 3 5 27 26 11 1 10 15 6 9 231 6 120 10 1 8 7 76 3 1 9 9 2 7 428
253 531 315 59 27 26 104 186 100 32 68 9 77 20 57 1534 51 802 105 3 67 61 385 60 20 10 18 132 130 4 33 2669
9.5 19.9 11.8 2.2 1.0 1.0 3.9 7.0 3.7 1.2 2.5 0.3 2.9 0.7 2.1 57.5 1.9 30.0 3.9 0.1 2.5 2.3 14.4 2.2 0.7 0.4 0.7 4.9 4.9 0.1 1.2
Univariate analyses: ANOVA did not detect a significant difference with either the number of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa (at the broad-scale) or their total abundances. Although the P value for the number of family-level taxa was <5%, it was not less than the 1% which is required to denote significance (see earlier). For the 32 grab samples, the numbers of broad-scale taxa ranged between 16 and 18, while the numbers of family-level taxa ranged between 48 and 64 and the overall mean (and SE) was 56.8 (0.7). The number of individuals per grab ranged between 23 and 167 and the overall mean (and SE) abundance was 83.4 (6.7) individuals. 27
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Table 7 Results of one-way ANOVA of Site of the numbers of taxa (broad-scale and family-level) and the total abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates obtained from four replicate grabs at each site during the baseline survey at Providence Bay. Source Broad-scale taxa Site Residual Family-level taxa Site Residual Total abundance Site Residual
df
MS
F
P (%)
7 24
0.174 0.260
0.669
69.6
7 24
33.6 12.1
2.779
2.9
7 24
0.083 0.039
2.115
8.1
Multivariate analyses: When the Bray-Curtis similarity matrix, based on log-transformed abundances of the broad-scale benthic macroinvertebrates, was subjected to ANOSIM, there was a significant overall difference among sites (R = 0.39, P = 0.1%). Pairwise comparisons further showed that (1) C1 and C2 differed significantly from each other (R = 0.38, P = 2.9%), (2) C1 differed from all other sites (R = 0.58 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1.00, P = 2.9%), except for S1 (R = 0.34, P = 8.0%), (3) C2 differed from all other sites (R = 0.56 - 1.00, P = 2.9%), (3) S3 differed from S4 (R = 0.27, P = 2.9%), (4) S1, but not S2, differed significantly from S3 (R = 0.68, P = 2.9% and R = 0.12, P = 28.6%, respectively), and (5) There were no significant differences between S4, S5 and S6 (R = -0.06 - 0.20, P = 11.4 - 68.6%). When these analyses were repeated for the family-level taxa, in which the polychaetes, molluscs and decapod crustaceans were identified to family, nearly the same trends with respect to significance occurred, but with R-statistic values being greater. For example, the R-statistic value for the overall difference among sites was far greater for the family-level than broad-scale (R = 0.71 vs 0.39). The only exception was that the abundances of the family-level taxa at C1 were now significantly different to S1 (R = 0.479, P = 2.9%). RELATE showed that the two matrices had a relatively high and significant correlation with each other (Rho = 0.54, P = 0.1%). nMDS ordination of both the broad-scale and family-level benthic macroinvertebrate taxa showed the samples for each of C1 and C2 lie in the upper left part of the plot and away from samples for the other six sites, i.e. S1-S6. For broad-scale taxa, the samples for S1 formed a large group to the right, while these samples grouped more tightly on the lower left part of the plot for the familylevel taxa. The samples for S3 and S4 each lay in slightly different parts of both plots and those for S3-S6 tended to lie close together on each plot (Figure 10).
28
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Figure 10 nMDS ordinations using data on the benthic macroinvertebrates at both a (a) broad scale, i.e. class/order and (b) fine scale, i.e. family level for polychaetes, molluscs and decapods, obtained from four replicate grabs at each site during the baseline survey at Providence Bay.
Based on the above faunal patterns within the benthic macroinvertebrates, which used a variety of methods to describe those faunas, any future benthic impacts should be readily observable. Reductions in faunal diversity and increases in species dominance patterns would be one of the main indicators of organic enrichment (see e.g. Edgar et al. 2010, Tomasetti et al. 2016). Such a pattern would be expected to be readily discernible, given the high diversity and low-moderate dominance recorded during the baseline survey. Consideration needs to be given to the future selection of the control sites, which were clearly distinct from other sites. It is anticipated that the family-level approach will be used for future comparisons, although it is of interest that the broadscale approach yields very similar results. Conversely, should a broad-scale taxa change markedly in abundance, identifications to family level may then be warranted.
29
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
8
References
Aquenal (2014). Trumpeter Bay MF261 (Zone 1): Baseline Environmental Assessment. Final Report, December 2014. Report to Huon Aquaculture Group Pty Ltd, 34 pp. ANZECC & ARMCANZ (2000). Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality, Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council & Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand, Canberra Beasley, P.L., Ross, G.J.B. & Wells, A. (eds) (1998). Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 5. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Part A xvi 563 pp. Part B Viii 565-1234 pp. Clarke, K. R., Gorley, R. N., Somerfield, P. J. & Warwick, R. M. (2014). Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation. PRIMER-E, Plymouth, 260 pp. Crawford, C., MacLeod, C. & Mitchell, I. (2002). Evaluation of Techniques for Environmental Monitoring of Salmon Farms in Tasmania. May, 2002. Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, University of Tasmania, 134 pp. Dela Cruz J, Ajani P, Lee R, Pritchard T & Suthers I (2002). Temporal abundance patterns of the red tide dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans along the southeast coast of Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 236:75-88 Edgar, G.J., Davey, A. & Shepherd, C. (2010). Application of biotic and abiotic indicators for detecting benthic impacts of marine salmonid farming among coast regions of Tasmania. Aquaculture 307, 212-218. Fauchald, K. (1977). The Polychaete Worms: Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County & The Allen Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, 188 pp. IMOS (2016), IMOS - SRS - MODIS - 01 day - Chlorophyll-a concentration (OC3 model), https://portal.aodn.org.au/search. Accessed 23/11/2016 Jansen, J. (2000). Seashells of South-East Australia. Capricornica Publications, Lindfield, 18 pp. Macleod, C.K. & Forbes, S. (2004). Guide to the Assessment of Sediment Condition at Marine Finfish Farms in Tasmania. Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute â&#x20AC;&#x201C; University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, 65 pp. Poore, G.C.B. (2004). Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia. A Guide to Identification. Museum of Victoria & CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 574 pp. Tomasetti, P., Gennaro, P., Lattanzi, L., Mercatali, I., Persia, E., Vani, D. & Porrello, S. (2016). Benthic community response to sediment organic enrichment by Mediterranean fish farms: case studies. Aquaculture 450, 262-272. 30
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Underwood, A.J. & Hoskin, M.G. (1999). Ecological Sampling for Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts of the Trial Snapper Farm at Port Stephens, NSW (Pisces Marine Aquaculture Pty. Ltd.). Draft Report, February 1999. Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, 15 pp.
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MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
9
Appendices
Appendix 1 Survey coordinates for sediment sampling, based on the Mapping Grid of Australia Zone 56 (Datum GDA94)
SITE c1.1 c2.1 s1.1 s2.1 s3.1 s4.1 s5.1 s6.1
MGA56_Easting MGA56_Northing 433772 433297 432791 432422 432586 432360 432519 432159
6388151 6388520 6387476 6387434 6387272 6386763 6386592 6386558
32
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Appendix 2 Water Column results for all sites - Sonde Data Site C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1
Date Time D/M/Y HH:MM:SS 06/09/16 11:37:04 06/09/16 11:37:12 06/09/16 11:37:14 06/09/16 11:37:22 06/09/16 11:37:24 06/09/16 11:37:32 06/09/16 11:37:34 06/09/16 11:37:40 06/09/16 11:37:42 06/09/16 11:37:46 06/09/16 11:37:48 06/09/16 11:37:50 06/09/16 11:37:52 06/09/16 11:37:54 06/09/16 11:37:58 06/09/16 11:38:00 06/09/16 11:38:04 06/09/16 11:38:06 06/09/16 11:38:08 06/09/16 11:38:16 06/09/16 11:38:18 06/09/16 11:38:26 06/09/16 11:38:28 06/09/16 11:38:30 06/09/16 11:38:36 06/09/16 11:38:38 06/09/16 11:38:42 06/09/16 11:38:44 06/09/16 11:38:46 06/09/16 11:38:54 06/09/16 11:38:56 06/09/16 11:39:02 06/09/16 11:39:04 06/09/16 11:39:10 06/09/16 11:39:12 06/09/16 11:39:20 06/09/16 11:39:22 06/09/16 11:39:26
Temp C
Sal ppt
18.80 18.81 18.80 18.79 18.78 18.69 18.67 18.63 18.63 18.61 18.61 18.61 18.60 18.60 18.60 18.59 18.59 18.59 18.58 18.57 18.57 18.56 18.56 18.56 18.53 18.52 18.48 18.46 18.43 18.30 18.29 18.25 18.23 18.14 18.12 18.05 18.05 18.03
35.40 35.41 35.41 35.43 35.43 35.44 35.44 35.46 35.46 35.47 35.47 35.47 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.49 35.49 35.49 35.49 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.49 35.50 35.49 35.48 35.48 35.45 35.47 35.47 35.46 35.44 35.44 35.44 35.45 35.45 35.45
Depth (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
pH 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17
Oxygen % Sat mg/L 99.0 7.47 99.0 7.46 98.9 7.46 98.9 7.46 98.8 7.46 98.6 7.45 98.5 7.45 98.4 7.44 98.3 7.44 98.2 7.43 98.0 7.42 97.9 7.41 97.8 7.40 97.7 7.40 97.5 7.38 97.4 7.37 97.2 7.36 97.1 7.35 97.0 7.34 96.5 7.31 96.4 7.30 96.3 7.29 96.3 7.29 96.3 7.29 96.3 7.30 96.3 7.30 96.4 7.31 94.2 7.15 94.0 7.14 93.7 7.13 93.6 7.12 93.3 7.11 93.2 7.10 93.2 7.12 93.2 7.12 93.5 7.15 93.6 7.16 93.6 7.17
Site C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2
Date Time D/M/Y HH:MM:SS 06/09/16 11:23:38 06/09/16 11:23:40 06/09/16 11:23:50 06/09/16 11:23:52 06/09/16 11:24:02 06/09/16 11:24:04 06/09/16 11:24:18 06/09/16 11:24:20 06/09/16 11:24:36 06/09/16 11:24:38 06/09/16 11:24:46 06/09/16 11:24:48 06/09/16 11:24:56 06/09/16 11:24:58 06/09/16 11:25:10 06/09/16 11:25:12 06/09/16 11:25:20 06/09/16 11:25:22 06/09/16 11:25:30 06/09/16 11:25:32 06/09/16 11:25:34 06/09/16 11:25:46 06/09/16 11:25:48 06/09/16 11:25:50 06/09/16 11:25:58 06/09/16 11:26:00 06/09/16 11:26:02 06/09/16 11:26:10 06/09/16 11:26:12 06/09/16 11:26:20 06/09/16 11:26:22 06/09/16 11:26:24 06/09/16 11:26:30 06/09/16 11:26:32 06/09/16 11:26:42 06/09/16 11:26:44 06/09/16 11:26:46
Temp C
Sal ppt
18.77 18.77 18.73 18.73 18.69 18.68 18.63 18.63 18.62 18.62 18.62 18.62 18.61 18.61 18.59 18.59 18.58 18.57 18.56 18.55 18.55 18.45 18.42 18.39 18.30 18.29 18.28 18.22 18.20 18.10 18.09 18.07 18.04 18.04 18.03 18.03 18.03
35.33 35.33 35.36 35.36 35.37 35.37 35.40 35.40 35.41 35.42 35.42 35.43 35.43 35.43 35.44 35.44 35.44 35.44 35.45 35.45 35.44 35.42 35.41 35.41 35.42 35.42 35.42 35.41 35.41 35.40 35.40 35.40 35.42 35.42 35.43 35.43 35.43
Depth (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
pH 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.17
Oxygen % Sat mg/L 99.2 7.49 99.2 7.49 98.6 7.45 98.6 7.45 98.4 7.44 98.4 7.44 98.1 7.42 98.0 7.42 97.8 7.40 97.8 7.40 97.6 7.39 97.5 7.38 97.3 7.36 97.2 7.36 96.9 7.34 96.8 7.33 96.6 7.32 96.5 7.31 96.1 7.28 96.0 7.28 95.9 7.27 95.1 7.22 95.0 7.22 94.8 7.21 94.3 7.18 94.2 7.17 94.1 7.17 94.0 7.17 94.0 7.17 94.1 7.19 94.1 7.20 94.2 7.21 94.5 7.23 94.6 7.24 95.0 7.27 95.1 7.28 95.1 7.28
33
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Site S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1
Date Time D/M/Y HH:MM:SS 06/09/16 11:57:45 06/09/16 11:57:47 06/09/16 11:57:49 06/09/16 11:57:55 06/09/16 11:57:57 06/09/16 11:58:05 06/09/16 11:58:07 06/09/16 11:58:09 06/09/16 11:58:13 06/09/16 11:58:15 06/09/16 11:58:23 06/09/16 11:58:25 06/09/16 11:58:27 06/09/16 11:58:29 06/09/16 11:58:33 06/09/16 11:58:35 06/09/16 11:58:39 06/09/16 11:58:41 06/09/16 11:58:43 06/09/16 11:58:45 06/09/16 11:58:51 06/09/16 11:58:53 06/09/16 11:58:59 06/09/16 11:59:01 06/09/16 11:59:03 06/09/16 11:59:11 06/09/16 11:59:13 06/09/16 11:59:15 06/09/16 11:59:21 06/09/16 11:59:27 06/09/16 11:59:29 06/09/16 11:59:37 06/09/16 11:59:39 06/09/16 11:59:47 06/09/16 11:59:49 06/09/16 11:59:51 06/09/16 11:59:59 06/09/16 12:00:01 06/09/16 12:00:05
Temp C
Sal ppt
18.81 18.80 18.81 18.79 18.78 18.66 18.64 18.63 18.61 18.61 18.59 18.59 18.59 18.59 18.58 18.58 18.58 18.57 18.57 18.57 18.57 18.56 18.56 18.55 18.54 18.49 18.47 18.45 18.38 18.35 18.35 18.30 18.30 18.26 18.26 18.25 18.20 18.19 18.17
35.51 35.51 35.52 35.51 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.47 35.47 35.47 35.46 35.46 35.45
Depth (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
pH 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17
Oxygen % Sat mg/L 97.6 7.36 97.6 7.36 97.6 7.36 97.4 7.34 97.4 7.34 97.0 7.34 97.0 7.33 96.9 7.33 96.9 7.33 96.8 7.33 96.7 7.32 96.6 7.31 96.6 7.31 96.6 7.31 96.5 7.30 96.4 7.30 96.3 7.29 96.2 7.29 96.2 7.28 96.1 7.28 95.9 7.26 95.8 7.25 95.6 7.24 95.4 7.23 95.3 7.22 94.5 7.17 94.3 7.15 94.0 7.14 93.3 7.09 92.7 7.05 92.6 7.04 92.0 7.00 91.8 6.99 91.5 6.97 91.4 6.96 91.4 6.96 91.4 6.97 91.4 6.97 91.6 6.99
Site S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2
Date Time D/M/Y HH:MM:SS 06/09/16 12:10:24 06/09/16 12:10:32 06/09/16 12:10:34 06/09/16 12:10:46 06/09/16 12:10:48 06/09/16 12:10:56 06/09/16 12:10:58 06/09/16 12:11:06 06/09/16 12:11:08 06/09/16 12:11:10 06/09/16 12:11:16 06/09/16 12:11:18 06/09/16 12:11:24 06/09/16 12:11:26 06/09/16 12:11:34 06/09/16 12:11:36 06/09/16 12:11:46 06/09/16 12:11:48 06/09/16 12:12:00 06/09/16 12:12:02 06/09/16 12:12:32 06/09/16 12:12:34 06/09/16 12:12:38 06/09/16 12:12:40 06/09/16 12:12:46 06/09/16 12:12:48 06/09/16 12:12:50 06/09/16 12:12:56 06/09/16 12:12:58 06/09/16 12:13:02 06/09/16 12:13:04 06/09/16 12:13:06 06/09/16 12:13:12 06/09/16 12:13:14 06/09/16 12:13:34 06/09/16 12:13:36 06/09/16 12:13:46 06/09/16 12:13:52
Temp C
Sal ppt
18.81 18.82 18.82 18.81 18.79 18.71 18.69 18.62 18.62 18.61 18.60 18.60 18.59 18.59 18.58 18.58 18.58 18.57 18.57 18.57 18.56 18.56 18.56 18.55 18.51 18.49 18.47 18.42 18.41 18.39 18.38 18.37 18.32 18.30 18.21 18.21 18.19 18.17
35.51 35.51 35.51 35.50 35.49 35.51 35.50 35.50 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.50 35.50 35.49 35.48 35.49 35.49 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.47 35.47 35.47 35.47 35.46 35.46
Depth (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
pH 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.18 8.18
Oxygen % Sat mg/L 97.7 7.36 97.6 7.36 97.6 7.36 97.4 7.35 97.4 7.34 97.2 7.34 97.1 7.34 97.1 7.34 97.0 7.34 97.0 7.34 96.9 7.33 96.8 7.33 96.7 7.32 96.7 7.32 96.5 7.30 96.4 7.30 96.2 7.28 96.1 7.28 95.8 7.26 95.8 7.25 95.3 7.22 95.2 7.21 95.1 7.21 95.1 7.20 94.6 7.17 94.4 7.16 94.2 7.15 93.6 7.11 93.4 7.09 93.0 7.07 92.8 7.05 92.6 7.04 92.1 7.01 92.0 7.00 91.9 7.01 91.9 7.01 92.2 7.04 92.4 7.05
34
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Site S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3
Date Time D/M/Y HH:MM:SS 06/09/16 12:47:47 06/09/16 12:47:49 06/09/16 12:47:59 06/09/16 12:48:01 06/09/16 12:48:05 06/09/16 12:48:07 06/09/16 12:48:13 06/09/16 12:48:15 06/09/16 12:48:17 06/09/16 12:48:21 06/09/16 12:48:23 06/09/16 12:48:25 06/09/16 12:48:27 06/09/16 12:48:29 06/09/16 12:48:33 06/09/16 12:48:35 06/09/16 12:48:41 06/09/16 12:48:43 06/09/16 12:48:45 06/09/16 12:49:23 06/09/16 12:49:25 06/09/16 12:49:27 06/09/16 12:49:29 06/09/16 12:49:33 06/09/16 12:49:35 06/09/16 12:49:37 06/09/16 12:49:41 06/09/16 12:49:43 06/09/16 12:49:47 06/09/16 12:49:49 06/09/16 12:49:51 06/09/16 12:49:53 06/09/16 12:49:57 06/09/16 12:49:59 06/09/16 12:50:01 06/09/16 12:50:03 06/09/16 12:50:07 06/09/16 12:50:09 06/09/16 12:50:19
Temp C
Sal ppt
18.84 18.84 18.83 18.83 18.80 18.77 18.69 18.67 18.65 18.62 18.62 18.61 18.61 18.60 18.59 18.59 18.59 18.58 18.58 18.57 18.57 18.57 18.57 18.57 18.56 18.55 18.53 18.51 18.45 18.42 18.39 18.37 18.33 18.31 18.29 18.26 18.23 18.22 18.17
34.95 34.99 35.11 35.13 35.17 35.19 35.27 35.28 35.30 35.34 35.35 35.37 35.38 35.39 35.41 35.42 35.44 35.44 35.44 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.47 35.46 35.46 35.46 35.46 35.46 35.46 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45
Depth (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
pH 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17
Oxygen % Sat mg/L 98.4 7.44 98.5 7.44 98.9 7.47 99.0 7.48 99.0 7.48 98.9 7.47 98.9 7.49 98.9 7.49 99.0 7.49 99.0 7.50 99.0 7.50 99.0 7.49 98.9 7.49 98.8 7.49 98.7 7.48 98.7 7.47 98.6 7.46 98.5 7.46 98.5 7.46 98.1 7.43 98.1 7.43 98.1 7.43 98.1 7.43 97.6 7.39 97.5 7.39 97.4 7.38 97.1 7.36 96.9 7.35 96.2 7.30 95.9 7.28 95.5 7.26 95.2 7.24 94.7 7.20 94.4 7.18 94.1 7.17 93.9 7.16 93.8 7.15 93.7 7.14 93.8 7.16
Site S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4
Date Time D/M/Y HH:MM:SS 06/09/16 12:59:04 06/09/16 12:59:06 06/09/16 12:59:14 06/09/16 12:59:16 06/09/16 12:59:22 06/09/16 12:59:24 06/09/16 12:59:36 06/09/16 12:59:38 06/09/16 12:59:42 06/09/16 12:59:44 06/09/16 12:59:50 06/09/16 12:59:52 06/09/16 12:59:56 06/09/16 12:59:58 06/09/16 13:00:06 06/09/16 13:00:08 06/09/16 13:00:16 06/09/16 13:00:22 06/09/16 13:00:24 06/09/16 13:00:28 06/09/16 13:00:30 06/09/16 13:00:36 06/09/16 13:00:46 06/09/16 13:00:48 06/09/16 13:01:00 06/09/16 13:01:02 06/09/16 13:01:10 06/09/16 13:01:12 06/09/16 13:01:34 06/09/16 13:01:36 06/09/16 13:02:02 06/09/16 13:02:04 06/09/16 13:02:16 06/09/16 13:02:18 06/09/16 13:02:48 06/09/16 13:02:50 06/09/16 13:02:52 06/09/16 13:02:58
Temp C
Sal ppt
18.84 18.84 18.84 18.84 18.84 18.83 18.70 18.68 18.65 18.63 18.62 18.61 18.60 18.60 18.59 18.59 18.58 18.58 18.57 18.57 18.57 18.55 18.52 18.52 18.48 18.47 18.42 18.41 18.37 18.37 18.37 18.37 18.31 18.30 18.27 18.25 18.22 18.16
35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.49 35.48 35.49 35.48 35.49 35.49 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.50 35.50 35.49 35.49 35.48 35.48 35.49 35.49 35.49 35.49 35.48 35.48 35.47 35.46 35.44 35.45
Depth (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 39 40 41
pH 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.19 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.16 8.16 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.16
Oxygen % Sat mg/L 100.1 7.54 100.0 7.54 100.0 7.53 100.0 7.53 100.0 7.54 100.0 7.54 99.2 7.49 99.1 7.49 99.1 7.50 99.1 7.49 99.0 7.49 99.0 7.49 99.0 7.49 98.9 7.49 98.7 7.47 98.6 7.46 98.4 7.45 98.2 7.44 98.1 7.43 97.9 7.41 97.8 7.41 97.5 7.38 96.8 7.34 96.7 7.33 95.8 7.27 95.6 7.25 94.9 7.20 94.7 7.19 93.3 7.09 93.2 7.09 92.6 7.04 92.5 7.03 92.1 7.01 92.1 7.01 92.6 7.06 92.6 7.06 92.6 7.06 93.0 7.10
35
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Site S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5
Date Time D/M/Y HH:MM:SS 06/09/16 13:09:08 06/09/16 13:09:10 06/09/16 13:09:16 06/09/16 13:09:18 06/09/16 13:09:24 06/09/16 13:09:26 06/09/16 13:09:34 06/09/16 13:09:36 06/09/16 13:09:46 06/09/16 13:09:48 06/09/16 13:09:54 06/09/16 13:09:56 06/09/16 13:09:58 06/09/16 13:10:04 06/09/16 13:10:06 06/09/16 13:10:08 06/09/16 13:10:10 06/09/16 13:10:16 06/09/16 13:10:18 06/09/16 13:10:20 06/09/16 13:10:26 06/09/16 13:10:28 06/09/16 13:10:30 06/09/16 13:10:34 06/09/16 13:10:36 06/09/16 13:10:38 06/09/16 13:10:40 06/09/16 13:10:44 06/09/16 13:10:46 06/09/16 13:10:50 06/09/16 13:10:52 06/09/16 13:10:54 06/09/16 13:10:56 06/09/16 13:11:02 06/09/16 13:11:04 06/09/16 13:11:06 06/09/16 13:11:10 06/09/16 13:11:12 06/09/16 13:11:18 06/09/16 13:11:20 06/09/16 13:11:30
Temp C
Sal ppt
18.84 18.84 18.83 18.83 18.83 18.83 18.79 18.77 18.66 18.64 18.62 18.61 18.60 18.59 18.59 18.59 18.58 18.58 18.58 18.58 18.57 18.57 18.57 18.56 18.56 18.56 18.55 18.53 18.51 18.46 18.43 18.41 18.40 18.37 18.36 18.33 18.30 18.29 18.26 18.24 18.17
35.48 35.49 35.49 35.49 35.50 35.50 35.49 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.50 35.50 35.49 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.49 35.47 35.47 35.47 35.47 35.47 35.45 35.45
Depth (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
pH 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17
Oxygen % Sat mg/L 100.2 7.55 100.3 7.55 100.3 7.56 100.3 7.56 100.3 7.56 100.3 7.56 99.6 7.51 99.6 7.51 99.4 7.51 99.4 7.52 99.3 7.51 99.3 7.51 99.2 7.51 99.0 7.49 98.9 7.49 98.9 7.48 98.8 7.48 98.6 7.47 98.6 7.46 98.5 7.46 98.3 7.44 98.2 7.43 98.1 7.43 97.9 7.41 97.8 7.40 97.6 7.39 97.5 7.38 97.1 7.36 96.9 7.34 96.3 7.31 96.0 7.29 95.6 7.26 95.3 7.24 94.5 7.18 94.2 7.16 93.9 7.14 93.5 7.11 93.3 7.10 93.0 7.08 92.9 7.08 93.3 7.12
Site S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6 S6
Date Time D/M/Y HH:MM:SS 06/09/16 13:16:59 06/09/16 13:17:09 06/09/16 13:17:11 06/09/16 13:17:21 06/09/16 13:17:23 06/09/16 13:17:25 06/09/16 13:17:39 06/09/16 13:17:41 06/09/16 13:17:43 06/09/16 13:17:49 06/09/16 13:17:51 06/09/16 13:17:57 06/09/16 13:17:59 06/09/16 13:18:05 06/09/16 13:18:07 06/09/16 13:18:09 06/09/16 13:18:15 06/09/16 13:18:17 06/09/16 13:18:21 06/09/16 13:18:23 06/09/16 13:18:29 06/09/16 13:18:31 06/09/16 13:18:37 06/09/16 13:18:39 06/09/16 13:18:47 06/09/16 13:18:49 06/09/16 13:19:05 06/09/16 13:19:07 06/09/16 13:19:09 06/09/16 13:19:19 06/09/16 13:19:21 06/09/16 13:19:27 06/09/16 13:19:29 06/09/16 13:19:35 06/09/16 13:19:37 06/09/16 13:19:49 06/09/16 13:19:51 06/09/16 13:19:53 06/09/16 13:20:07 06/09/16 13:20:13
Temp C
Sal ppt
18.81 18.80 18.80 18.81 18.79 18.78 18.73 18.72 18.70 18.66 18.65 18.62 18.61 18.60 18.60 18.59 18.59 18.59 18.58 18.58 18.57 18.57 18.57 18.56 18.55 18.54 18.45 18.45 18.44 18.41 18.40 18.39 18.38 18.35 18.35 18.31 18.30 18.29 18.21 18.19
34.98 35.30 35.36 35.46 35.45 35.46 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.49 35.49 35.49 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.51 35.50 35.49 35.49 35.49 35.49 35.49 35.49 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.48 35.47 35.46 35.46 35.45
Depth (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
pH 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.19 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.18 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.18
Oxygen % Sat mg/L 99.8 7.55 99.9 7.54 99.9 7.54 99.8 7.53 99.8 7.53 99.7 7.52 99.5 7.51 99.4 7.51 99.4 7.51 99.3 7.50 99.3 7.51 99.1 7.50 99.1 7.50 98.9 7.49 98.8 7.48 98.8 7.48 98.6 7.47 98.6 7.46 98.4 7.45 98.3 7.45 98.1 7.43 98.0 7.42 97.7 7.40 97.5 7.39 97.0 7.35 96.9 7.34 95.5 7.25 95.3 7.23 95.1 7.22 94.2 7.16 94.1 7.15 93.7 7.12 93.5 7.11 93.2 7.09 93.1 7.08 92.8 7.07 92.8 7.07 92.8 7.06 93.2 7.10 93.2 7.11
36
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Appendix 3 Water Column results for all sites â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Nutrients
Sample date: SITE
LOR C1 Surface C2 Surface S1 Surface S2 Surface S3 Surface S4 Surface S5 Surface S6 Surface C1 Seafloor C2 Seafloor S1 Seafloor S2 Seafloor S3 Seafloor S4 Seafloor S5 Seafloor S6 Seafloor Overall Mean Overall Standard Deviation Surface Mean Surface Standard Deviation Seafloor Mean Seafloor Standard Deviation
16/10/2016 pH Value
Ammonia as N
Nitrite + Nitrate as N
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as N
Total Nitrogen as N
Total Reactive Phosphorus Phosphorus as P as P
(pH Unit) 0.01 8.27 8.37 8.31 8.29 8.32 8.33 8.31 8.38 8.31 8.26 8.29 8.36 8.3 8.31 8.23 8.27 8.31
mg/L 0.005 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.008 0.01 0.013 0.019 0.011 0.011 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.011
mg/L 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.007 0.009 0.006 0.005 0.014 0.01 0.011 0.011 0.006
mg/L 0.1 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.26 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.29 0.3 0.29 0.28
mg/L 0.1 0.29 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.3 0.28 0.26 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.25 0.28 0.3 0.3 0.31 0.3 0.28
mg/L 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03
mg/L 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006
0.04 8.32
0.003 0.008
0.003 0.004
0.015 0.27
0.017 0.28
0.003 0.03
0.001 0.005
0.04 8.29
0.001 0.013
0.000 0.009
0.012 0.28
0.012 0.29
0.000 0.03
0.001 0.007
0.04
0.003
0.003
0.018
0.020
0.005
0.001
37
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Appendix 4 Redox potential, measured in millivolts from 3cm depth in the sediment grabs or cores
Core or Grab No S1.1 S1.2 S1.3 S2.1 S2.2 S2.3 S3.1 S3.2 S3.3 S4.1 S4.2 S4.3 S5.1 S5.2 S5.3 S6.1 S6.2 S6.3 C1.1 C1.2 C1.3 C2.1 C2.2 C2.3
Redox at 3cm mV 178 -244 271 228 233 217 229 194 185 250 242 244 247 247 243 251 248 218 192 207 209 209 189 173
38
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Appendix 5 Sulphide analysis, measured in sediments at 3 cm from sediment surface
Core or Grab No S1.1 S1.2 S1.3 S2.1 S2.2 S2.3 S3.1 S3.2 S3.3 S4.1 S4.2 S4.3 S5.1 S5.2 S5.3 S6.1 S6.2 S6.3 C1.1 C1.2 C1.3 C2.1 C2.2 C2.3
Sulphide at 3cm uM 0.0000 2.84 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
39
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Appendix 6 Organic content â&#x20AC;&#x201C; raw data
Sample No
LOI %
c1.1 c1.2 c1.3 c2.1 c2.2 c2.3 s1.1 s1.2 s1.3 s2.1 s2.2 s2.3 s3.1 s3.2 s3.3 s4.1 s4.2 s4.3 s5.1 s5.2 s5.3 s6.1 s6.2 s6.3
0.20 0.14 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.89 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03
Mean LOI %
Standard Deviation
0.13
0.07
0.05
0.00
0.33
0.48
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.01
40
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Appendix 7 Chlorophyll a – raw data
2/09/2016 Samples all surf C1 S5 S6 C2 S1 S4 S2 S3 16/10/2016 Sample C1 Surf C2 Surf C1 Seabed C2 Seabed S6 Surf S5 Surf S6 Seabed S5 Seabed S4 Seabed S1 Seabed S4 Surf S1 Surf S2 Seabed S3 Seabed S3 Surf S2 Surf
Wavelength (nm) 630 0.004 0.007 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.004 0.010 0.010 630 0.003 0.006 0.007 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.010 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.001 0.000
647 665 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.008 0.012 0.019 0.014 0.017 0.007 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.011 0.006 0.010 Wavelength (nm) 647 665 0.005 0.008 0.007 0.009 0.008 0.012 0.009 0.014 0.001 0.000 0.002 0.003 0.008 0.015 0.017 0.038 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.008 0.004 0.005 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.007 0.009 0.022 0.004 0.011 0.001 0.004
750 0.003 0.007 0.007 0.010 0.005 0.002 0.009 0.009
Chl a 0.10586 0.07884 0.20603 0.17909 0.07121 0.06308 0.11723 0.10846
Chl b 0.1033 0.14824 0.12791 0.17551 0.07728 0.06193 0.08191 0.04528
Chl c 0.02058 0.08228 0.07323 0.11041 0.22935 0.05006 0.16603 0.1829
750 0.000 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000
Chl a 0.08686 0.09539 0.12932 0.15172
Chl b 0.05373 0.08238 0.08446 0.10261 0.01305 0.03215 0.01513 0.16463 0.06019 0.42316 0.11925 0.12727 0.09172 0.05293 0.05165 0.06956 0.08141 0.2466 0.06183 0.12411 0.02173 0.04586
Chl c 0.0222 0.07889 0.0908 0.0063 0.06596 0.07787 0.15935 0.10158
0.01029
Vol filtered (ml) 500 540 540 515 525 455 485 520 Volume (mL) 1100 1000 1000 1110 1030 1094 1076 1110 1100 1110 1036 1096 1100 1100 1095 1102
Chl a Chl b Chl c 2.1172 2.066 0.4116 1.46 2.74519 1.5237 3.81537 2.3687 1.35611 3.47748 3.40796 2.14388 1.35638 1.472 4.36857 1.38637 1.3611 1.10022 2.41711 1.68887 3.4233 2.08577 0.87077 3.51731 Chlorophyll (µg/L) Chl a Chl b Chl c 0.790 0.488 0.202 0.954 0.824 0.789 1.293 0.845 0.908 1.367 0.924 0.057 0.127 0.640 0.294 0.138 0.712 1.530 0.559 1.481 3.812 1.074 0.915 1.157 0.000 0.000 0.826 0.000 0.000 0.511 0.499 0.099 0.635 0.000 0.000 0.740 0.000 0.000 2.242 0.562 0.000 1.133 0.198 0.000 0.416 0.000 0.000 41
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016 Appendix 8 AST Labs nutrients analyses methodology Ammonia, in-house method 1205 Analysis was performed using a Lachat Flow Injection analyser. This method is based on APHA Standard methods (2005) 4500NH3 H. The ammonia determination is based on the Berthelot reaction. Ammonia reacts in alkaline solution with hypochlorite to form monochloramine at a pH between 8 and 11.5 which, in the presence of phenol, catalytic amounts of nitroprusside (nitroferricyanide) and excess hypochlorite, forms indophenol blue absorbing at 630 nm. Results are reported as mg/L as N, with a minimum reporting limit of 0.005 mg/L.
Nitrate and Nitrite, in-house method 1205 Analysis was performed using a Lachat Flow Injection analyser. This method is based on APHA Standard methods (2005) 4500NO3- I. The nitrate and nitrite determination involves the nitrate being quantitatively reduced to nitrite by passage of the sample throµgh a copperised cadmium column at a pH of 8. The NOx (reduced nitrate plus original nitrite), is then determined by diazotization with sulphanilamide under acidic conditions to form a diazonium ion which is coupled with N-(1-Napthyl) Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride, (NEDD). The resulting pink dye absorbs at 520 nm. Results are reported as mg/L as N, with a minimum reporting limit of 0.002 mg/L. Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus, in-house method 1205 Analysis was performed using a Lachat Flow Injection analyser. This method is based on APHA Standard methods (2005) 4500-P G. The phosphate determination involves the orthophosphate ion (PO43-) reacting with ammonium molybdate and antimony potassium tartrate under acidic conditions to form a complex. This complex is reduced with ascorbic acid to form a blue complex which absorbs light at 880 nm. Results are reported as mg/L as P, with a minimum reporting limit of 0.003 mg/L.
Total Nitrogen in water Analysis was performed using a Lachat Flow Injection analyser. This method is based on APHA Standard methods 4500-Norg D. The Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) present in the sample is determined by converting the nitrogen to ammonium sulphate in a sulphuric acid potassium digestion procedure. Ammonium–nitrogen is subsequently determined by colorimetric auto-analyser method. TKN represents the ammoniacal and organic nitrogen present in the sample. Total Nitrogen is calculated by adding oxides of nitrogen (determined from the nitrate and nitrite analysis), to the TKN value. Results are reported as mg/L as N, with a minimum reporting limit of 0.1 mg/L. Total Phosphorus in water Phosphorus compounds are converted in orthophosphate in the Kjeldahl digest, the resulting solution is analysed by Flow Injection analysis. This method was developed by Lachat Instruments and is a combination of “Quikchem” Method 10 - 115 - 01 - 1 - C and Method 10 - 107 - 06 - 2 – E. The chemistry used is based on APHA Standard methods 4500-P G. Results are reported as mg/L as P, with a minimum reporting limit of 0.01 mg/L.
42
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Appendix 9 Raw data for benthic macroinvertebrates, obtained from four replicate grabs at each site during the baseline survey at Providence Bay. INVERTEBRATES Cnidaria: Anthozoa Cnidaria: Scleractinia Porifera Nemertea Annelida: Polychaeta TOTAL Polychaeta: Orbiniidae Polychaeta: Spionidae Polychaeta: Cirratulidae Polychaeta: Magelonidae Polychaeta: Arenicolidae Polychaeta: Capitellidae Polychaeta: Maldanidae Polychaeta: Opheliidae Polychaeta: ?Pilargidae Polychaeta: Polynoidae Polychaeta: ?Hesionidae Polychaeta: Phyllodocidae Polychaeta: Syllidae Polychaeta: Nereididae Polychaeta: Glyceridae Polychaeta: Nephtyidae Polychaeta: Onuphidae Polychaeta: Lumbrineridae Polychaeta: ?Oenonidae Polychaeta: Eunicidae Polychaeta: Sabellidae Polychaeta: Pectinariiidae Polychaeta: Terebellidae Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae Polychaeta: Unidentified Polychaeta: Larval
C1-1 C1-2 C1-3 C1-4 C2-1 C2-2 C2-3 C2-4 S1-1 S1-2 S1-3 S1-4 S2-1 1 14 1 13 -
1 11 6 4 1 -
2 6 2 2 1 1 -
1 11 2 9 -
3 47 1 44 2 -
18 1 12 2 1 1 1 -
20 17 3 -
1 10 1 6 2 1 -
1 4 2 1 1 -
3 5 1 3 1
3 1 5 4 1 -
4 1 1 -
4 22 15 1 1 4 1 -
S2-2 S2-3 S2-4 S3-1 S3-2 S3-3 S3-4 S4-1 S4-2 S4-3 S4-4 S5-1 S5-2 S5-3 S5-4 S6-1 S6-2 S6-3 S6-4 1 2 1 1 -
30 35 23 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 -
4 1 18 1 13 3 1 -
11 19 5 1 3 7 1 1 1 -
5 23 1 14 2 1 2 3 -
14 13 8 2 2 1 -
1 6 19 9 5 3 1 1 -
5 4 1 2 1 -
1 5 1 3 1 -
23 17 9 1 1 3 1 1 1 -
19 20 1 13 2 1 1 2 -
10 29 14 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -
1 3 16 5 10 1 -
12 31 24 2 1 2 1 1 -
19 6 32 21 6 1 1 1 1 1 -
36 2 1 19 6 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 -
24 18 7 4 1 1 1 2 2 -
43
7 3 21 10 1 3 1 2 1 3 -
1 14 16 7 1 1 4 3 -
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Mollusca TOTAL Mollusca: Bivalvia Bivalvia: Nuculanidae Bivalvia: Mactridae Bivalvia: Mesodesmatidae Bivalvia: Myochamidae Bivalvia: Tellinidae Bivalvia: Veneridae Bivalvia: Galeommatidae Bivalvia: Cardiidae Bivalvia: Unidentified Mollusca: Scaphopoda Scaphopoda: Gadiludae Scaphopoda: Dentaliidae Mollusca: Gastropoda Gastropoda: Aetonidae Gastropoda: Architectonidae Gastropoda: Turritellidae Gastropoda: Scaphandridae Gastropoda: Pyramidellidae Gastropoda: Rissoellidae Gastropoda: Naticidae Gastropoda: Mitridae Gastropoda: Muricidae Gastropoda: Turridae Gastropoda: Columbellidae Gastropoda: Fascolariidae Gastropoda: Marginellidae Gastropoda: Olivellidae Gastropoda: Olividae Gastropoda: Unidentified Crustacea TOTAL Crustacea: Ostracoda Crustacea: Amphipoda Crustacea: Isopoda Crustacea: Leptostraca Crustacea: Mysidacea Crustacea: Cumacea
4 2 1 1 2 1 1 24 2 14 2 1 3
12 9 3 3 3 3 2 1 44 2 38 1 3 -
5 2 2 3 2 1 25 1 18 4 1
0 39 33 1 1 1 2
2 2 1 1 37 1 19 6 4 4
1 1 1 15 6 5 2 2
9 5 2 2 1 4 3 1 23 16 1 2 3
5 4 1 3 1 1 13 1 6 4 1 -
28 21 1 20 5 5 2 1 1 44 15 13 9 1 -
2 1 1 1 1 56 11 24 6 2 2
10 8 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 27 1 22 2 -
13 7 1 2 1 2 1 3 3 3 3 54 1 44 1 4 1
5 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 122 3 63 7 8 4
3 2 2 1 1 16 9 2
4 3 1 1 1 1 1 93 2 40 7 3 3
3 2 1 1 1 1 42 18 4 1 6
2 2 1 1 88 38 5 5 2
3 3 1 1 1 51 23 1 2 3
4 3 1 1 1 1 1 80 47 7 2 1
3 3 1 2 78 1 46 1 2 2
3 2 1 1 1 1 30 2 19 4 1 2
3 1 1 2 1 1 13 4 1 -
1 1 1 43 19 5 1 2 3
3 2 2 1 1 29 14 1 1 2
6 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 47 1 21 1 4
6 2 2 4 2 2 37 15 2 2 1
11 11 1 3 1 1 5 69 32 5 2 1
9 6 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 64 1 21 7 2 -
11 4 2 1 1 7 1 2 3 1 71 3 24 2 1 1 2
3 1 1 2 1 1 36 23 2 3 3
44
10 5 3 1 1 5 1 1 3 51 2 32 2 1 2
2 1 1 1 1 73 1 41 4 3 -
MARL BLS Final Report September/October 2016
Crustacea: Tanaidacea Crustacea: Decapoda Decapoda: Leucosiidae Decapoda: Majiidae Decapoda: Hexapodidae Decapoda: Crab megalopa Decapoda: Pasiphaeidae Decapoda: Callianassidae Decapoda: Crangonidae Decapoda: ?Pandalidae Decapoda: Diogenidae Decapoda: Unid. hermit crab Arthropoda: Pycnogonida Echinodermata TOTAL Echinodermata: Asteroidea Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea
1 1 1 2 2
5 5
1 4 4
1 5 5
3 3 7 7
5 5
1 1 1 6 6
1 1 5 5
3 3 1 1 1 0 0
8 3 2 1 8 8
2 10 10
3 5 5
35 2 1 1 4 4
5 3 3
29 9 1 7 1 5 5
11 2 2 4 4
37 1 1 3 3
19 3 1 1 1 7 1 6
20 3 1 2 1 1
22 4 1 2 1 2 2
2 1 1
4 4 1 1 2 1 1
12 1 1 3 3
11 4 4
16 4 1 2 1 6 6
12 5 1 4 1 1
23 6 1 1 2 2 14 1 13
32 1 1 2 2
37 1 1 5 5
5 1 1
45
10 2 1 1 1 1
24 2 2