01: The Body by Jane Chang

H B Y

E O

POLITIKALLY

SENsation, knowledge, a f f e c t i o ns &

p a ss i o ns .

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY Body text is set in TheSans Mono, Thesis typeface by Lucas de Groot Campaign text is set in Frutiger, by Adrian Frutiger The paper is IKEA MÅLA Wood–free uncoated paper The inserts are This book was edited, produced, written, composed and designed by Jane Chang Mei Qi Final Year Project in Spring 2012 Under the supervision of Asst. Prof Jesvin Yeo Puay Hwa School of Art, Design and Media, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Printed and bound in Singapore POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

01/

THE

BODY

an overview the s u r v ey / sensation / k n o w l ed g e / affections / passions the i n te r v i e w S inference

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

(02) (04) (08) (20) (32) (56) (68) (80)

THE

BODY

› an overview › geometry › physics › motions › sensations

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ / proportions

T h e B o d y r e f e r s t o the

& properties

i n d i v i d u a l , a s e l e m ental

of lines

f e e l i n g s a n d e x p e r i ences

(geometry)

contribute to an i n t e l l e c t â&#x20AC;&#x2122; s o w n o p i nions o n s u b j e c t m a t t e r s such a s p o l i t i c s . Ph y s i c al phenomena acting on t h e h u m a n b o d y p r o d uces s p e c i f i c b o d i l y m o t ions, w h i c h i n t u r n l e a d s to the production of:

/ physical motions (movement of particles)

sens a t i o n ,

knowledge,

a f f e c t i o ns

p a ss i o ns .

/ enables bodily motions

T h i s s e c t i o n w i l l i nclude the f i n d i n g s f r o m s u r v e ys and interviews c o n d u c t e d , w h i c h a n alyses and d e c i p h e r s t h e t h o u g hts of a sample s i z e o f y o u t h i n Si ngapore regarding l o c a l p o l i t i c s a n d design.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

T H E SURV E Y › 1 survey › 11 questions ›

110 responses

88 VOTED

// /

22 DID NOT

Th e su r v e y w a s co nd uc t e d o n l i n e wi th a t o t a l o f 1 1 qu es ti o n s . I t w a s li mi te d t o S i n g a p o r e ci ti ze n s a n d t h o s e ag ed b e t w e e n 2 1 - 3 9 . 11 0 pe o p l e r e s p o n d e d to t he s u r v e y .

66 FEMALES 44 MALES

45 EMPLOYED 65 STUDENTS

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

sample representing all ages, and d i f f e r e n t d e m o g r a p h i c s , i n c l u d i n g:

/ I N D U S TR I E S

Ac c o u n tancy Banking Ad v e r t ising / GENDER

( 6 6 ) f em a l e (44) male

Ar t Co m m u n ication Cr e a t i ve Design Co n s t r uction E d u c a t ion Fi n a n c e

/ WORKING OR STUDYING

( 6 5 ) s t u d en t s ( 4 5 ) em p l o ye d

F& B H e a l t h care H u m a n i ties Li n g u i stics Ma r k e t ing Ma t h Me d i a

/ Voted in 2011 elections

(88) voted (22) did not

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

Me d i c a l Sp o r t s

/ The truth can be hard to hear, but sometimes not all can be polically correct. Tear along these lines of perforation for more insight.

There was a good mix and random

/////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// ////////THE//////////////////////////// / / / / / / / / / / / P U N CT U R E / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// / / / / / / / OF / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /////////////////////////////////////// ////////////HARD/////////////////////// ///////TRUTHS////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////// I/ S////////////////// /////////////////////// A//////////////// ////////////////////I /S /////A ///////////// /////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////S /T /R / OK //E ////////// /////////////////////////// S/ T/ R/ OK // E/////// /////////////////////////////////////// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / OF / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////// POLITIC / / POLITIC S//S ////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////// POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

S E N S A T I O N

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

sen·sa·tion

Our brain’s primary

Noun

f u n c t i o n i s t o t h i n k, a n d t h i s i s t h e b a s is

1/ A physical feeling

o f i n t e l l e c t u a l l i f e.

or perception resulting

Therefore, to think,

from something that

i s t o f e e l . O u r b o d ily

happens to or comes into

s e n s a t i o n s i s a c o n tinual

contact with the body.

process and movement taking place.

2/ The capacity to have such feelings

In t h e p a r t , p e r c e p tions

or perceptions.

r e g a r d i n g c e r t a i n d esign a s p e c t s a r e e x p l o r e d.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

› sensation › colours

Wh i c h o f the following colours do yo u f ee l w o u l d be s t r e p r e s e n t Singapore?

› 10 options, A-J

› open-ended response

Q1/

P l e a s e c hoo s e th r ee c o l o u r s & p r o v i de reasons.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ R A T I O N A LE / S u rv ey e e s w e r e p r o v i d e d a to ta l o f 1 0 c o l o u r s . T h es e c o l o u r s w e r e r e l a t e d t o S in g a p o r e a n d d e r i v e d

Colour

De ri vation

S i ng ap o r e w a s n o t r e v e a l e d

Google images of

t o t he s u r v e y e e s . T h e s e

Ma r o o n

festivals and flag

f r om s p e c i f i c o b j e c t s / t h e m e s , b u t th e i r r e l a t i o n s h i p t o

colour in Singapore

m e an t t h a t t h e c o l o r s w e r e c h os en e n t i r e l y o u t o f t h e s u rv ey e e s â&#x20AC;&#x2122; o w n i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s .

Pantone 032 C being

Re d

the standardised colour of our national flag

T h is q u e s t i o n w o u l d a l l o w f o r de e p e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o n h ow t h e y f e e l t o w a r d s

Standardised colour

S i ng ap o r e a n d w h a t m a k e s

Wh i t e

from our national flag

s e ns e o f n a t i o n a l i s m ,

Google images of the

w h et he r p o s i t i v e o r n o t .

Sk y b l u e

skyline, nature and

t h em r e l a t e b a c k t o t h e i r

the merlion

/ FO R M ULA /

Taken from the naval

Na v y b l u e

flag of Singapore

G o og le s e a r c h e s o r e x i s t i n g

Google images of

o b je ct s r e l a t e d t o Si n g a p o r e

Vi o l e t

Vanda Miss Joaquim,

S c re en s h o t s w e r e t a k e n f r o m

our national flower

a n d fe d i n t o t h e p r o g r a m m e o n h tt p : / / k u l e r . a d o b e . c o m / t o c om e u p w i t h a c o l o u r

Google images of

p a le tt e . T h e f o l l o w i n g

Emerald

greenery, nature

c o lo ur s w e r e t h e n e x t r a c t e d .

green

and road signage in Singapore

Google images of

Fo r e s t

greenery in Singapore

green I/

Google images of

Black

night life in Singapore

Google images of food,

Brown

festivities and general life in Singapore

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/RESUL T S/ Wh i t e , r ed and maroon w e r e t h e popular c h o i c e s due to their o b v i o u s associations t o t h e n ational flag. Ma r o o n s eemed to have c o n n o t a t ions of being “ r i c h e r ” and more “ c l a s s y ” , a level u p f r o m the normal b r i g h t r ed colour.

80%

15%

Th e ot h e r f a i r l y p o pu l a r ch oi ce s w e r e b l a c k , f o r it s ne u t r a l i t y ; n a v y bl ue f o r i t s p o l i t i ca l in cl in a t i o n s ; a n d as so ci a t i o n w i t h o u r gr ee n c i t y .

r e s p o n s e s a n d e m o t i ons toward the method

Th er e w e r e a l s o o t h er

of governing or the

in si gh t f u l a n d e v e n

societal behaviour,

su rp ri s i n g r e a s o n s

s u c h a s “ s t e r i l i t y ” and

gi ve n, a l l r e l a t i n g

“ l a c k o f f r e e d o m ” , which

to t he n a t i o n ’ s

i n d i c a t e t h e p e s s i m istic

ch ar ac t e r i s t i c s . S o me

m i n d s e t o f t h e s e y outh

we re e v e n n e g a t i v e

towards the country.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

Emerald green was a surprisingly popular choice, as it has never been previously employed in local politics or national branding to represent Singapore.

em er al d g r e e n , f o r it s

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

› least

grey: sterility of country

yellow-orange: Lion / Malaysia / emblem

Others

13%

garden city; city in a garden / groundedness of the people / conservative / rigidness / melting pot (when all colours are mixed)

Brown / 4 / 4%

greenery / green city / clean and green

“sunny island” / coastal, surrounded by waters / clean skies unlike other similar Asian urban cities / the Merlion / country’s openness to change

Sky blue / 15 / 14%

clean and green / garden city / ecofriendly

16%

outwardness in overcoming diversities / national flower

14% PAP / emphasis on defence / strong, attention catching / good complement / independence and maturity / strong / deep

/ 16 / 15%

Navy blue

generic / neutral / complement, contrast to white / colour of business / formality / lack of freedom / justice

Black / 17 / 16%

34%

/ 16 / 15%

darker, richer colour of our flag / dynamic / classy (what we’re trying to be)

Maroon / 37 / 34%

“little red dot” / modern / clean / love that encompasses all values among us / passionate / instilled (maybe by force) into our minds from a young age / young nation

Red / 87 / 80%

incorruptibility / heavy usage by government / less playfulness / more sovereignty / professional look / modern / clean / purity of brotherhood / instilled (maybe by force) into our minds from a young age / young nation / attempt to sterilize everything we come into contact with

White / 93 / 85%

Percentage of votes

Emerald green

ABSOLUTE number of votes

/ 14 / 13%

85%

Dark green

› MOST

Violet / 3 / 3%

favourable

› reasons given

favourable

› Quotes on colour choices

—Black gives a sense of justice.

— Red a n d w h i te a r e r e m i n de r s o f o u r f l a g , a n d s t r o n g n a v y s ee m s to r e p r e s e n t o u r e m p h a s i s o n de f e n c e . T he s e T h r ee a r e c h i c , m ode r n c o l o u r s th a t r e f l e c t o u r c i ty , a n d the i r c o m b i n a t i o n gives off a strong, a tte n t i o n - c a t c h i n g v i be .

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/QU OTES/ There was a spectrum of replies, some good, some bad, while others were just neutral observations.

— g r ee n m a k e s m e th i n k o f n a t u r e and is an appealing colour. Singapore i s k n o w n to be a g r ee n c i ty .

— I c ho s e b r o w n be c a u s e a s a p eo p l e w e ’ r e r e a l l y q u i te g r o u n ded , “ p r a g m a t i c ” to a f a u l t a c t u a l l y . It ’ s a l s o the c O l o u r w h i c h yo u g et w he n yo u p hy s i c a l l y m i x m o s t o f the c o l o u r s to g ethe r ( i n p a i n t a n y w a y ) w h i c h de s c r i be s the m e l t i n g p ot th a t w e a r e . It ’ s a v e r y conservative colour. //////// //////// //////// POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

› Not-so-nice Quotes on colour choices

— Wo u l d h a v e c ho s e n g r ey to r e p r e s e n t the s te r i l i ty of our country.

— [ R E D AN D W H I T E ] are official colours i m p o s ed o n to the nation,following economic and industrial success. It a l s o s y m bo l i s e s the c o u n t r y ' s f a s t – p a c ed a n d s ee m i n g l y endless pursuit for m a te r i a l i s t i c s u c c e s s and excellence, w h i c h s ee m s h a r d a n d u n f ee l i n g .

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

— B l a c k f o r the l a c k o f f r eedo m .

— Wh i te f o r o u r p eo p l e - i n - w h i te .

.......................

......... .............

.......................

— Red a n d w h i te are recognisably Singaporean d u e to the F l a g a n d the a tte m p t to s te r i l i s e e v e r yth i n g w e c o m e i n to c o n t a c t w i th .

\/\/\/\/

.......................

................ ......

.......................

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

› sensation › colours

› 4 questions

T he f o u r p r e s i de n t i a l c a n d i d a te s i n 2 0 1 1 u s ed the s e c o l o u r p a l ette s f o r the i r campaignS.

› 5 options each

Q2/ A

H o w do yo u r a te the m ?

inappropriate

d i s c o nne c t e d

balanced

c re a t i ve

patriotic

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ R A T I O N A LE / Th e fi v e e m o t i v e w o r d s w e r e c h o s e n i n a n

A - Tan Kin Lian

at te mp t t o d e s c r i b e t h e s e c o l o u r s f r o m a r a n g e

B - Dr Tan Cheng Bok

of p re f e r e n c e , s p a n n i n g p o s i t i v e ( p a t r i o t i c ,

C - Tan Jee Say

cr ea ti v e ) t o n e u t r a l ( b a l a n c e d ) t o n e g a t i v e

D - Dr Tony Tan

(d is co n n e c t e d , i n a p p r o p r i a t e ) . T h e s e a r e fe el in g s t h a t a r e i n t u i t i v e , f e l t u p o n f i r s t co nt ac t , w i t h o u t r a t i o n a l i s a t i o n o r c o n t e x t . S u rv ey e e s w e r e n o t t o l d t o w h o m t h e r e s p e c t i v e co lo ur p a l e t t e s b e l o n g e d t o , o n l y t h a t t h e s e co lo ur s w e r e u s e d t o r e p r e s e n t p r e s i d e n t i a l ca nd id a t e s i n S i n g a p o r e .

\/\/\/\/ A

/RESUL TS/

+ + + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + + + +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++XXXXX / / / //////////////////////--------

+ patriotic

- disconnected

x creative

• inappropriate

/ balanced + Patriotic / 71 / 65% x Creative / 5 / 5% / balanced / 25 / 23% - Disconnected / 8 / 7%

+ + + +++++++++++++++++++XXXXX //////////// / / / / //////////////////////////////////// / / - - - ---------------------

+ Patriotic / 22 / 20% x Creative / 5 / 5% / balanced / 54 / 49% - Disconnected / 24 / 22%

+ + + +++XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX / / / //////////////////////////// - - - -------------------------------

+ Patriotic / 6 / 5% x Creative / 32 / 29% / balanced / 31 / 28% - Disconnected / 34 / 31%

x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx / / / ///////////// - - - -----------------------------

+ Patriotic / 0 / 0% x Creative / 38 / 35% / balanced / 16 / 15% - Disconnected / 32 / 29%

A - M o s t l y P a t r i o t i c ( 6 5 % ) , m o s t l y p o s i t i v e o ptions B - M o s t l y B a l a n c e d ( 4 9 % ) , m o s t l y n e u t r a l o p t ions C - C r e a t i v e , B a l a n ce d , D i s c o n n e c t e d ( 3 0 % e a c h), mostly neutral options D - C r e a t i v e , D i s c o nn e c t e d ( 3 0 % e a c h ) , m o s t l y neutral options N o o ne c h o s e “ I n a p p ro p r i a t e ” f o r a n y o p t i o n . I n te re s t i n g l y , b e t w ee n A a n d B , w h i c h w e r e s i milar colour choices of reds an d wh i t e s , t h e r e w as a d i s t i n c t i v e d i f f e r e n c e in the ratings. Where the br ig ht r e d s w e r e u s ed , a s i n A, i t s e e m e d t o resonate more of Singaporene ss . I n s t a r k c o n t ra s t , w i t h t h e c h o i c e o f d eeper shade of maroons as i n B , i t i s m a d e m o r e b a l a n c e d . It i s a g r e ed that the reds and whites wi ll n e v e r g o w r o n g , w i t h t h e m a r o o n g i v i n g i t an edge in colour balance. Th er e w e r e d i v i d e d se n t i m e n t s o n t h e c o l o u r p alette with the blues in C – p e r h a p s b e c a us e i t i s s o o f t e n a s s o c i a ted with American politics, it i s a n e a s i l y - e x e cu t e d p a l e t t e a n d a l r e a d y has a strong presence in s ov e r e i g n t y a n d po l i t i c s ( a s w e l l a s Am e r i ca), while at the same ti me f o r s o m e , i t i s t o o d i s o r i e n t e d t o r e l a t e back to Singapore. D’ s us a g e o f p u r p l e w a s c r e a t i v e t o m o s t , b u t an almost proportionate nu mb er o f p e o p l e f e lt d i s c o n n e c t e d . POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...............................

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ N L

O E D

K W G

E POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

knowl路edge

The combination of

Noun

s e n s a t i o n s a n d e x p e riences p r o v i d e s t h e h u m a n mind

1/ Information and

w i t h k n o w l e d g e o f t he

skills acquired through

p h y s i c a l w o r l d . We gain

experience or education;

d e e p e r c o m p r e h e n s i o n of the

the theoretical or

c o n c e p t s a n d i s s u e s around

practical understanding

u s , a l l o w i n g u s t o apply

of a subject.

i t t o o u r d a i l y l i v es.

2/ What is known in

T h i s s e c t i o n i n v o l v es

a particular field or

t h e g e n e r a l u n d e r s t anding

in total; facts and

of the youth in the

information.

context of politics, local or otherwise.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

› 4 optionS

Q3/

C a n yo u i de n t i f y w he r e F G theS E f o n t s a r e be i n g u s ed in Singapore?

A A

› knowledge › Singapore

D › LOCAL typefaces

E splanade

B B

C C

ESPLANADE

Old

roads

signage

New

roads

signage

A/(1970s M R T - s1984) ignage

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

c a nn o t

tell.

fig(2) Esplanade Drive (old road signage)

fig(1) Esplanade train station (LTA Identity Typeface)

/ R A T I O N A LE /

A/ New roads signage

Th is q u e s t i o n o n t y p e f a c e s i n Si n g a p o r e s u r v e y s

–––––––––––––––––––––– –///////////////////// /////////////////////+ ++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++

th e am o u n t o f a w a r e n e s s t h e y o u t h h a v e f o r t h e en vi ro n m e n t a r o u n d t h e m , a n d t h e d i s t i n c t i v e n e ss of c er t a i n c o m m o n l y e n c o u n t e r e d f o n t s . As y o u n g pe op le a r e u s u a l l y o n t h e g o , a n i n t e r e s t i n g as pe ct w o u l d b e t o p i c k t y p e f a c e s s e e n o n t h e ro ad s a n d o n p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t , n a m e l y t h e o l d

– Cannot tell / 23 / 21%

an d ne w ( R o t i s S a n s ) r o a d s s i g n a g e , a n d t h e f o nt

/ wrong answer / 42 / 40%

th at t h e M a s s R a p i d T r a n s i t , MRT ( LT A Id e n t i t y

+ Correct answer / 43 / 39%

Ty pe fa c e ) s y s t e m s e m p l o y . A co mp a r i s o n o f t h e s a m e w o r d “ E s p l a n a d e ” , a n

B/ MR T Signage

ar ea i n t h e c i t y t h a t h a s b o t h r o a d s a n d t r a i n

/ R E S ULT S /

–––––––––––––––––––––– –––/////////////////// /+++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++

It is interesting that the most recognised

– Cannot tell / 25 / 23%

ty pe fa c e w a s t h e o n e u s e d b y t h e MRT s y s t e m s ,

/ wrong answer / 20 / 19%

wi th o v e r h a l f t h e s u r v e y e e s r e c o g n i z i n g i t .

+ Correct answer / 64 / 58%

st at io n s , t y p e s e t i n t h e t h r e e f o n t s w e r e s h o w n. S u rv ey e e s h a d t o u s e t h e i r o w n k n o w l e d g e a n d ex pe ri e n c e s t o t r y a n d m a t c h t h e m .

P e rh ap s i t s d i s t i n c t i v e c o r n e r s a n d c u r v e d sh ap es m a d e i t u n i q u e a n d m e m o r a b l e . B o t h r o a d s si gn ag e f a r e d r e l a t i v e l y b a d l y w i t h a l m o s t 3 0 %

C/ Old roads signage

no t be i n g a b l e t o t e l l t h e o l d r o a d s i g n a g e , wh ic h i s t h e v e r y c l e a n a n d n e u t r a l s a n s se ri f, o r a H e l v e t i c a e q u i v a l e n t . A di ff e r e n t , m o r e u n i q u e t y p e f a c e w i l l d r a w at te nt i o n a n d c r e a t e a r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n

–––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––/////////// ////////////////////++ ++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++

it s fo r m a n d t h e s u b j e c t i t r e p r e s e n t s . Li t t l e qu ir ks i n t h e f o n t m a k e s i t m o r e h u m a n i s t i c

– Cannot tell / 33 / 30%

an d al l o w s t h e s e y o u t h t o c o n n e c t m o r e w i t h i t .

/ wrong answer / 31 / 29% + Correct answer / 45 / 41%

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

the logo?

› knowledge › politics

D o yo u recognise F O LLo w i n g

› 3 optionS

Q4/ fig(3) logo

Y es ,

re c o g n i se I

can

and

n a me

t he

c o rres p o n d i n g i d en t i t y .

Y es ,

bu t

c a nn o t

re c a l l

t he n a me / I

h a ve

No,

not this

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

w here

seen

it.

re c o g n i se logo.

/ R A T I O N A LE /

/R ESUL TS/

called the “first, modern ‘design

Th e lo g o b e l o n g s t o

t h i n k i n g ’ p r e s i d e n t .”

Only 33 people

P r es id e n t B a r a c k O b a m a ,

The question gives

recognised and could

th e US P r e s i d e n t w h o

a g a u g e o f t h e i n t e rest

name the logo. That

em pl oy e d t h i s l o g o t o

of local youth in

is a disappointing

re pr es e n t h i m s e l f i n

i n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i t ics,

mere 30%.

th e 20 0 8 p r e s i d e n t i a l

a s w e l l a s i f t h e l ogo

el ec ti o n s . H e h a s b e e n

m e n t i o n e d i s m e m o r a ble.

+ + + +

+ + + -

- - - -

+ Yes / 33 / 30% / Yes, but no / 5 / 5% - NO / 72 / 65%

The local youth are

O n t h e upside, these numbers

mostly not up-to-

a r e s t ill substantial enough

date with political

t o i n f er that a small percentage

happenings. Even those

o f Si n gaporean youths still do

in the design industry

r e a d u p on international politics

did not recognise

a n d h a ve noticed the Obama logo,

this major “brand”

w h i c h is very prominently featured

in politics.

i n h i s presidential campaign.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

Re f e r to the following logos o f the 7 p o l i t i c a l parties in Singapore.

› knowledge › politics

› LOCAL POLITICS

› 7 optionS

Q5/

Wh i c h o f the l o g o s a r e yo u a b l e to n a m e the c o r r e s p o n d i n g p a r ty n a m e ? /RATION AL E/ fig(4)

A - PAP

T h e r e a r e seven political parties

fig(5)

B - WP

c u r r e n t l y active in Singapore, with

fig(6)

C - NSP

t h e Pe o p le’s Action Party, PAP, being

fig(7)

D - SDP

t h e g o v e rning party. Among the other

fig(8)

E - RP

6 o p p o s i tion parties, some are more

fig(9)

F - SPP

e s t a b l i s hed and hence more popular.

fig(10)

G - SDA

B y a s k i n g the surveyees to name the c o r r e s p o nding party, it is a feedback o n t h e p opularity of the party, its p r o m i n e n ce in Singapore, as well as t h e r e c o gnizability of its logo.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ R E S ULT S / A l l th e 1 1 0 s u r v e y e e s r e c o g n i s e d t h e PAP l o g o . I n o rd e r o f r e c o g n i s i b i l i t y , t h e n e x t w a s WP, S D P , NSP , SPP , S D A a n d f i n a l l y RP. In a way, it is not entirely surprising to know th at a l l t h e s u r v e y e e s r e c o g n i z e d t h e PAP l o g o – it i s p l a s t e r e d e v e r y w h e r e a n d w e c o m e a c r o s s it i n o u r d a i l y l i v e s s o o f t e n t h a t t o s o m e , it i s a c t u a l l y o n e o f t h e f i r s t a s s o c i a t i o n s wi th t h e c o u n t r y . W i t h t h e h y p e f r o m t h e r e c e n t el ec ti o n s o f 2 0 1 1 , c e r t a i n p o l i t i c a l f i g u r e s

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

co ul d h a v e b r o u g h t a t t e n t i o n t o c e r t a i n

X X X X X X X X X X

pa rt ie s , f o r e x a m p l e , Lo w T h i a Kh i a n g ( WP) ,

X X X X X X X X X X

C h ee S o o n J u a n ( S D P ) , Ni c o l e Se a h ( NSP)

X X X X X X X X X X

an d C h i a m S e e T o n g ( SPP) , i n c r e a s i n g th ei r r e c o g n i z a b i l i t y . Of c ou r s e , t h e r e

X ABLE TO NAME THE PARTY

ar e ma n y d e c i s i o n s

/ UNABLE TO NAME THE PARTY

X X X X X X X X X X

People’s

X X X X X X X X X X

Action

X X X X X X X X X X

Party / PAP

X X X X X X X X X X

110 / 100%

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

le ad in g t o t h e re su lt s o f t h i s

X X X X X X X X X X

th e pa r t y ’ s h i s t o r y

X X X X X X X X X X

an d pr o m i n e n c e i n

X X X X X X X X X X

th e op p o s i t i o n s c e n e .

X X X X X X X X X X

X X / / / / / / / /

Democratic

X X X X X X X X X X

/ / / / / / / / / /

Party / SDP

in te re s t i n g t o

X X X X X X X X X X

/ / / / / / / / / /

62 / 56%

al so n o t e t h a t

X X X X X X X X X X

/ / / / / / / / / /

X X X X / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / /

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X / /

X X X X X X X X X X

/ / / / / / / / / /

X X X X X X X / / /

/ / / / / / / / / /

People’s

Party / NSP

/ / / / / / / / / /

Party / SPP

47 / 43%

/ / / / / / / / / /

26 / 24%

/ / / / / / / / / /

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X / / / / / /

X X / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / /

Party / RP

Alliance/ SDA

/ / / / / / / / / /

22 / 20%

24 / 22%

/ / / / / / / / / /

su rv ey , s u c h a s

Workers’ Party / WP

Ho we ve r , i t i s

104 / 95%

th e si m p l e s t l o g o

Singapore

(RP ) i s t h e l e a s t re co gn i z e d l o g o of t he s e v e n pa rt ie s . National Solidarity

Singapore Democratic

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

Singapore

Reform

/ F E I

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

A F C T O N S 32

plural of

D e s i g n i s s u b j e c t i v e,

af路fec路tion

a n d e v e r y o n e i s e n t itled

Noun

t o t h e i r o w n o p i n i o n, because design is,

1/ A gentle feeling

u l t i m a t e l y , f o r e v e ryone.

of fondness or

T h i s s e c t i o n s u r v e y s the

liking.

p r e f e r e n c e s o f t h e local y o u t h r e g a r d i n g c e r tain

2/ Physical

d e s i g n e l e m e n t s t h a t exist

expressions of

i n l o c a l c o n t e x t t o day.

these feelings.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

joy,

wrapping

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

FREE p a p er !

B e c a use a l w a ys good...

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

f ree me a ns right?

› AFFECTIONS › LOGOS

P l e a s e c hoo s e O NL Y O N E L O G O & p r o v i de reasons.

› GENERAL ELECTIONS 2011 (7)

B a s ed o n j u s t the de s i g n a n d form, which of the l o g o s do yo u l i k e AN D D ISLIK E the most?

› Presidential elections 2011 (4)

› open-ended response

Q6/7

1 / G E N E RA L E LE C T IONS 2011

2 / P R E S I D E N T I A L ELECTIONS 2011

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ R A T I O N A LE / L o go s a r e s y m b o l s o r i c o n i c de si gn s u s e d t o i d e n t i f y a n o b j e c t or o rg a n i s a t i o n . I t i s o n e o f t h e mo st d i r e c t v i s u a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s , an d a g o o d l o g o c a n e n c o m p a s s a lo t o f i t s i d e n t i t y w i t h i n t h a t sm al l g r a p h i c . T h e s e a r e l o g o s re pr es e n t i n g p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s an d pr e s i d e n t i a l c a n d i d a t e s i n th e el e c t i o n s o f 2 0 1 1 . In t h i s qu es ti o n , t h e s u r v e y e e s a r e g i v e n th e op p o r t u n i t y t o s i m p l y d i s c u s s wh at t h e y l i k e o r d i s l i k e a b o u t th es e l o g o s , w i t h o u t a n y p o l i t i c a l ag en da o r a t t a c h m e n t s , b u t e n t i r e l y ba se d o n i t s a e s t h e t i c s .

1 / G E NERAL ELECTIONS 2011 P O l itical pa rty logos A - PEOPlE’s ACTION PARTy / PAP B - wORkERs’ PARTy / wP C - NATIONAl sOlIdARITy PARTy / NsP D - sINGAPORE dEmOCRATIC PARTy / sdP E - REfORm PARTy / RP F - sINGAPORE PEOPlE’s PARTy / sPP G - sINGAPORE dEmOCRATIC AllIANCE/ sdA

2/ P RE S I D E N T I A L ELECTIONS 2011 p r esidentia l candidates fig(11)

A - DR tony tan keng yam

fig(12)

B - DR TAN CHENG BOCK

fig(13)

C - TAN jee say

fig(14)

D - tan kin lian

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

1 / G E N E RAL E L E C T I O NS 2 0 1 1 P O l i t i c a l p a r ty l o g o s

MOST

LIKED

/// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /// / // // / / / / / / / / / / / // / /// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /// / / / / / / / / / /// / MOST

DISLIKED

/// / / // / // / / / / / / / / / / / / /// / / / // / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /// / / / // / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / PAP

SPP

NSP

SDP

On the right : The number of red strokes | is the number of times the word or phrase was mentioned in the open-ended

SDP

response for their reasons of liking or disliking a particular logo.

People’s

Workers’

National

Action Party

Party

Solidarity

/ PAP

/ WP

Party / NSP

MOST LIKED

MOST DISLIKED

MOST LIKED

MOST DISLIKED

MOST LIKED

MOST DISLIKED

49 / 45%

2 / 2%

15 / 14%

7 / 6%

3 / 3%

REASONS FOR MOST LIKED:

Strong, BOLD,

Association with

simple

|||||

Nice

Powerful

||||||||||||||

Simple, minimalistic

Strong, BOLD,

|||||||||||||

Striking, eye-catching

hammers

Powerful

Colour balance ||

Retro

Elegant

Strong

|||||||| Straight-

Colour balance |||||||

forward

Unique, iconic ||||||

RECOGNISABLE

forward

Familiarity,

Distinct

REASONS FOR MOST DISLIKED:

COLOUR

BORING

Straight-

exposure

||||| |

Dynamic,

RecognisabLE

||||

Too

Non-communist

||||

complicated

too literal

NO PERSONALITY |

Polished, elegant

|||

communist looking

not elegant

Visually pleasing, appealing

Decorum

/ Mo s t c o u l d n o t g i v e succinct reasons why t h e y l i k e d t h e WP l o g o . However, some did credit

Contemporary, modern

Professional

that to their bias for t h e WP o v e r t h e PAP.

REASONS FOR MOST DISLIKED: |

PAP

Feeling of danger

/ A couple of surveyees wrote t ha t t h e y d i d n o t s u p p o r t PAP b ut s t i l l l i k e d t h e i r l o g o .

—I was going to choose both PAP & WP. Of course I am biased towards WP.

Literally.

REASONS FOR MOST DISLIKED:

—Striking.

||||

/ On the PAP logo,

versatile

seriously…

MOST DISLIKED

MOST LIKED

MOST DISLIKED

14 / 13%

34 / 31%

25 / 23%

31 / 28%

REASONS FOR MOST LIKED:

Love, warmth,

Symbolic,

passion

an envelope.

a palmtree logo/icons on

i vote for one of the

—why would —Looks like

|||||||||

semantics

|||||||||

meaningful

|||||||

Simple

|||||

Clear, understandable

REASONS FOR MOST DISLIKED:

message

||||||||

Active, noT passive

|||

Edgy, modern

Simple

Unique, cool

Too simple, boring, vague

||||||||||

|||||||

vector.

UNORIGINAL,

Powerpoint.

illusion Microsoft

optical

meaningful,

Symbolic,

generic

out of

—like some

TAN KIN LIAN

MOST LIKED

Too cliche,

— Straight

/ O n the D r T an C heng Bock’s logo,

TAN JEE SAY

not special, Not creative

New,

|||||||

interesting

REASONS FOR MOST DISLIKED:

Idea of love is flawed

||||

Cheesy, lame

|||

Vague

proportions

Lazy

Unclear

Childish

|||||||||

Bad design,

message

|||||||||

||||||||

WordArt, weBdings,

Too

vector shape

complicated

||||

Irrelevant

Clipart

Lack of identity

Unsuitable for

politics

Too common

Lame

Trying too hard

/ On T a n K i n L i a n ’ s l o g o ,

"I've

ha rs hl y c r i t i c i s e d th an t h e p o l i t i c a l

other things.

se em ed t o b e m o r e

like 101

ca nd id a t e s ’ “ l o g o s ”

bubble looks

/ Th e p r e s i d e n t i a l

The speech

to say".

/ On Tan Kin Lian’s logo,

something

pa rt ie s o n e . P e r h a p s th er e w a s l e s s t h o u g h t in c re a t i n g a v i s u a l re pr es e n t a t i o n f o r t h e s e in di vi d u a l c a n d i d a t e s , he nc e m a n y d i d n o t un de rs t a n d t h e r a t i o n a l e be hi nd t h e s e s y m b o l s . / O n T a n Jee Say’s logo,

—that's what my niece drew the other day also.

/ On Dr Tony Tan’s logo,

i wearing it now.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

—...

t he ‘ d a i l y

use d

re p resen t

p res i d en t i a l n o t t ren d y g i ve

t he

f o ur

n o m i nees all,

se c o n d

— Pe a r l yn ,

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

o bje c t s ’

a re won’t

look.

19,

s t u d en t

/1970s

› Affections › posters

B a s ed o n j u s t the de s i g n a n d f o r m , ho w m u c h doe s e a c h e r a o f p o s te r de s i g n s a p p e a l to yo u ?

› LOCAL POLITICS by era

› 5 optionS

Q8/

The following are posters from particular eras in Singapore. Surveyees are given options of the era’s poster designs as appealing, neutral or unappealing.

- 1984

fig(16)

fig(15) fig(17)

fig(18)

1 9 8 8 - 1 9 9 2

fig(19)

fig(22)

fig(20)

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

fig(21)

1997

fig(24)

fig(23)

fig(25)

fig(26)

2001 - 2006

fig(27)

fig(30)

fig(28)

fig(29)

2011

fig(33)

fig(31)

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

fig(32)

fig(34)

/RATIONALE/

pastel backgrounds with curves were prominent.

In g e n e r a l , s p e c i f i c

Lee Hsien Loong adopted

trends can be seen

a more contemporary

from the design feel

style, while picking

f r o m p a r t i c u l a r e r a s.

up some characteristics

Ever since there was

from his fatherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time.

a need for election

Interestingly, Lee also

c a m p a i g n i n g , d i f f e r ent

employed the use of the

p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s h ave

Gotham typeface in the

been coming up with

2011 elections, the

slogans, logos and

typeface which President

design feel.

Obama used in his 2008 election campaign.

T h e PAP, f o r e x a m p l e, h a s a d i f f e r e n t s t y le

Throughout the parties,

w i t h e v e r y n e w Pr i m e

there are some of such

Mi n i s t e r a t i t s h e l m

trends that are common.

( Zh u a n g , 2 0 1 1 ) . D u r ing

There are some eras

t h e p e r i o d w i t h Le e

of poster designs

Ku a n Y e w i n t h e 1 9 7 0s,

that seem to be less

a bold, futuristic,

appealing than others

b a u h a u s - i n s p i r e d s t yle

to the youths.

w a s a d o p t e d , w i t h f lat, geometric shapes and

/res ults /

t h i c k l i n e s i n r e d and b l u e , e x u d i n g s t r e n gth

According to the

and confidence.

surveyees, the most appealing era of posters

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

Un d e r t h e h e l m o f Goh

belonged to the earliest

Ch o c k T o n g f r o m 1 9 9 0,

campaigns from 1970s,

the time of colour

followed by the next

printing, colourful

era in the early 1990s.

Th er e i s p e r h a p s a s o r t of c ha r m a b o u t t h e b o l d , st ro ng t y p e a n d s i m p l e ch oi ce s o f c o l o u r w h i c h ma de t h e p o s t e r s s t a n d ou t in a w a y t h a t t h e la te 1 9 9 0 s o f r a m p a n t ph ot os h o p p i n g f a i l e d t o en ti ce . Th e ne x t p e r i o d o f po st er s w a s i r o n i c a l l y th e le a s t a p p e a l i n g of a ll ; t h e e m p l o y m e n t of r ai n b o w c o l o u r s a n d pa st el g r a d i e n t s d i d n o t ap pe al t o o u r y o u t h s . Th e de s i g n s i n t h e 2 0 1 1 ca mp ai g n i n g r e a c h e d ou t mo r e b u t i t w a s n o wh er e n e a r t h a t o f t h e fi rs t b a t c h . P e r h a p s th is i s c a u s e d b y t h e su dd en c r a z e a n d t r e n d of “ re t r o - n e s s ” a n d t h a t vi nt ag e f e e l w h i c h y o u n g pe op le c u r r e n t l y a d o r e , fr om t h e v i n t a g e g r a p h i c st yl e, t o t h e o l d sc ho ol f i l m p h o t o g r a p h y te ch ni q u e s , a n d h i p s t e r fa sh io n s t a t e m e n t s st ra ig h t f r o m t h e 1 9 7 0 s .

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

PL E A S E .

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

........................................................................ ......................................................................................................................................... .............................. .......... . . . ...................... . . . ...................... . . . ...................... .............................. . . . . ..................... . . . . ..................................................................... .... .............. . .............. ............................... ... . .. .......................... . ..................................................... ........................................................................................ . ... . ............................. . ..................... .................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... ......... .......................................................................................... .... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . ......... ..................... . ....... ........................................................................ .............................. .......................................................................................... .... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............. ........................................................................................ .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . ........... . .................................................................................. .............................. ........................................................................................ .... .............................. ........................................... . . . . ............................... ... . .. ................ ............. ........................................................................................ . ... . ............................. . ............................................................... .............. ................ .......................................................................................... .... ................. .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ... . . . . .. . . . . . . .............................................................................................. .......................................................... .............................. .................................... .... .............................. ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... ... . .. ......... .................... ........................................................................................ .......................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .... .............................. ........................ . .............. . ....................................... ............................... ... . .. ........................................................................................ .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . ............................. . ................................................................................ .............................. .......................................................................................... .... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . .............................................................................................................. .............................. .......................................................................................... .... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............ ........................................................................................ ................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................ .............. ............................................................................. ............................................ ......................................................................... ............................................. . ... . ............................. . ................. ............... ................................................ .............................. .......................................................................................... .... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . ......... . .................................................................................. .............................. .... ................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . ............................................................................. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... . .................................... .............................. ........... .... .............................. ..................................................................................... ........................ ..... ... . .. ................. .................. ................................................ .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . ............................. . ....................................................... ...... ........................ .......................................................................................... .... ......................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .............................................................................. .............................. ........................................................................................ .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . ............................. . ......... . ...................................................................... .............................. .......................................................................................... .... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. . . . . ........................... ......................... ........................................................................................ ...................................................................................... ... . ............................. . .......................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ...... .... .... .......................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . ..................................................................................................... .............................. . ... . .................................... ............. . ......................................................................... ................... ...................................... .............................. ................. .. ... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . .. ............................... .......................................................................................... . .. . ............................ . ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. ...................... . ... . ............................. . ....................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... ......... .......................................................................................... .... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . ....... . ..................... . ................................................................................ .............................. .......................................................................................... .... ......................................................................................... ........................................................................... POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

........................................................................ ......................................................................................................................................... .............................. .......... . . . ...................... . . . ...................... . . . ...................... .............................. . . . . ..................... . . . . ..................................................................... . ... . ............. . ............... . ................................................................................ .............................. .......................................................................................... .... .... .............................. ...................... .................................................. .............. ............... ... . .. ......... ........................................................................................ .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . ......... ..................... . ....... ........................................................................ .............................. .......................................................................................... .... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................... .............................. ........................................................................................ .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. ............... ........................................................................................ .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . ............................. . ................................................................... .................. ............ .......................................................................................... .... ............. . ... . ............................. . ............................................................... .............. ................ .......................................................................................... .... ................. .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . ............... . ........................................................................... .......................................................... .............................. .................................... .... .............................. ....................................... . . . . . . ............................... ... . .. ......... .................... ........................................................................................ .......................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .... .............................. ........................ . ............ . ......................................... ............................... ... . .. ........................................................................................ .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . ............................. . ................................................................................ .............................. .......................................................................................... .... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . .............................................................................................................. .............................. .......................................................................................... .... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................ .............. ............................................................................. ............................................ ......................................................................... ............................................. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................ ............................... ... . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ........................................................................................ .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...... ........................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................ .............................. ........................................................................................ .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. ................ ........................................................................................ ............. ................................................................................................ .................................................................................................................................. . ... . ............................. . ............................................. ............. ................. .................................................. .... ................. .................. ....................................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. ................ ........................................................................................ .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . ............................. . ....................................................... ...... ........................ .......................................................................................... .... ......................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . ............................. . ......... . ...................................................................... .............................. .......................................................................................... .... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ... . ............................. . .......................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ...... .... .... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . ... . .................................... ............. . ......................................................................... ................... ...................................... .............................. ................. .. ... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... . . ............................................................................................................... ............................... ... . .. ........................................................................................ .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ........................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . ................... ................. ........................................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. ...................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... .......................................................................................... . .. .................... ......... .......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. ................ ........................................................................................ . ... . ....... . ..................... . ................................................................................ .............................. .......................................................................................... .... ......................................................................................... ........................................................................... POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ A S

P S I O

N POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

S 52

plural of pas路sion

T h e Si n g a p o r e a n

Noun

youth are unafraid

of expressing their

1/ Strong and barely

strong sentiments

controllable emotion.

toward issues which c o n c e r n t h e m . In t h is

2/ A state or outburst

section, we find out

of such emotion.

more about their general consensus regarding local design, politics and t h e n a t i o n a s a w h o le.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

— We

a re g o verne d

i rres i s t i b l e ... it t he

a p p e t i t es

impelled

ex p e c t a t i o ns

imagination,

t he

fear

and

— Weber , H i s t o ry o f

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

t he

p a ss i o ns ,

a n d t he em o t i o ns : h a t re d ,

l o ve , Hope.

(1908).

Ph i l o s o p hy .

/ R A T I O N A LE / Th er e a r e m a n y t h e o r i e s o n t h e

ANGER

A strong feeling of annoyance,

br ea kd o w n o f b a s i c e m o t i o n s t h a t

displeasure,

ex is t t o d a y . T h e o r i s t s t e n d t o

or hostility.

di sa gr e e w i t h t h i s s u b j e c t i v e in te rp r e t a t i o n o f e m o t i o n s .

/ CONTEMPT The feeling that a person or

Th e Di f f e r e n t i a l E m o t i o n s T h e o r y

a thing is beneath consideration,

as su me s t h a t t h e r e a r e s e v e n t o

worthless, or deserving scorn.

te n co r e e m o t i o n s , w h i c h c a n n o t b e re du ce d t o m o r e b a s i c e m o t i o n s b u t th at c a n b e c o m b i n e d t o p r o d u c e

DISGUST

A feeling of revulsion or profound

ot he r e m o t i o n s . T h e m o s t w e l l

disapproval aroused by something

kn ow n o f t h e s e c o r e e m o t i o n s a r e

unpleasant or offensive.

as c on c e p t u a l i z e d i n 1 9 8 7 b y Ca r r o l l El li s I z a r d ( b o r n 1 9 2 4 ) , d e n o t i n g an ge r, c o n t e m p t , d i s g u s t , d i s t r e s s ,

/ DISTRESS

Extreme anxiety,

fe ar , g u i l t , i n t e r e s t , j o y , s h a m e

sorrow, or pain.

an d su r p r i s e a s t h e t e n b a s i c a n d fu nd am e n t a l e m o t i o n s . Th es e c o r e e m o t i o n s a r e b i o l o g i c a l l y

FEAR

An unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone

de te rm i n e d r e s p o n s e s w h o s e

or something is dangerous, likely

ex pr es s i o n a n d r e c o g n i t i o n i s

to cause pain, or a threat.

fu nd am e n t a l l y t h e s a m e f o r a l l in di vi d u a l s r e g a r d l e s s o f e t h n i c or c ul t u r a l d i f f e r e n c e s . Ac c o r d i n g

GUILT

The fact of having committed

to t he t h e o r y , t h e f u n c t i o n o f t h e s e

a specified or implied

em ot io n s a l l o w s u s t o p r e d i c t w h a t

offense or crime.

ot he rs a r e t h i n k i n g o r f e e l i n g , an d al s o , e a c h e m o t i o n h a s i t s o w n ne ur al b a s i s , p a t t e r n o f e x p r e s s i o n ,

/ INTEREST

The state of wanting

fa ci al m o v e m e n t s a n d i s e x p e r i e n c e d

to know or learn about

di ff er e n t l y .

something or someone.

I z ar d’ s f r a m e w o r k h a s b e e n a n ef fe ct i v e m e a s u r e f o r c o n s u m p t i o n

ex pe ri e n c e s i n c o n s u m e r r e s e a r c h

JOY

A feeling of great pleasure and happiness.

an d ma r k e t i n g . Ba se d o n t h e s e t e n e m o t i o n s , t h e su rv ey e e s w e r e a s k e d o n t h r e e m a j o r

SHAME

A painful feeling of humiliation or

ar ea s: t h e n a t i o n o f Si n g a p o r e a s

distress caused by the consciousness

a wh ol e ; t h e p o l i t i c a l s c e n e o f

of wrong or foolish behavior.

S i ng ap o r e a s a w h o l e ; t h e d e s i g n sc en e o f S i n g a p o r e a s a w h o l e . T h i s wa s to g a i n m o r e i n s i g h t o n h o w t h e

/ S UR P R I S E An unexpected or

yo ut hs r e a c t e d t o c e r t a i n a s p e c t s

astonishing event,

of t he S i n g a p o r e s o c i e t y .

fact, or thing.

I n t he s u r v e y , t h e s e t e n e m o t i o n s we re a d m i n i s t e r e d o n a 5 - p o i n t “N ON E” ( 1 p o i n t ) t o “ A LO T ” (5 p oi n t s ) s c a l e . POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

= little / 30 / 27%

/ AVERAGE / 49 / 45%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / = = = =

/ / / / / / / / / / /

= = = = = = = = = = =

F O RUMLA W H E N

/ / / / / / / / / = =

= = = = = = = = = = =

C O UN TING AVE RAG E

= = = = = = = = = = =

= = = = - - - - - - -

P O IN TS

= = = = - - - - -

- - - - - - -

yo u

f ee l ?

3.08

2.61

3.10

Th e ra t i n g s w e r e

- none / 14 / 13%

+ + / / / / / / / / /

+ + + + + + + + + / /

make

+ much / 9 / 8%

+ + + + + + + + + + +

X A Lot / 4 / 4%

X X X X + + + + + + +

doe s

- none / 5 / 5%

X X X X X + + + + + +

+ much / 26 / 24%

ho w

X A Lot / 5 / 5%

country,

Singapore

S UR P R I S E

= little / 17 / 15%

/ AVERAGE / 54 / 49%

INTEREST

th i n k

2.79

ea ch g i v e n a n u m b e r

X X X X X X X X X + +

X X X X X X X X + + +

ac co rd i n g t o t h e i r

+ + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + / / /

le ve l o f i n t e n s i t y :

+ + + + + + + + + + +

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ A LOT - 5 points

+ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ MUC H - 4 p o i n t s

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ AV ERAG E - 3 p o i n t s

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ LI TT L E - 2 p o i n t s

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / = = = = = = = =

/ NONE - 1 point

/ / / = = = = = = = =

= = = = = = = = = = =

= = = = = = - - - - -

= - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

Th e to t a l a b s o l u t e

› PASSIONS › SINGAPORE

yo u

› 10 emotions

Whe n

› scale of 1-5

Q9/

- none / 12 / 11%

= little / 25 / 23%

X A Lot / 8 / 7%

/ AVERAGE / 50 / 45%

(i n re d ) g i v e s a

+ much / 11 / 10%

Th e av e r a g e s c o r e

SADNESS

in t ha t q u e s t i o n .

- none / 6 / 5%

nu mb er o f r e s p o n s e s

= little / 20 / 18%

an d di v i d e d b y t h e

/ AVERAGE / 46 / 42%

fo r ea c h c h o i c e

X A lot / 9 / 8%

am ou nt o f p o i n t s

+ much / 25 / 23%

mu lt ip l i e d b y t h e

JOY

re sp on s e s w e r e

ga ug e o f h o w m u c h of e ac h e m o t i o n w a s fe lt , w i t h 2 . 5 b e i n g th e av e r a g e p o i n t .

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

- none / 35 / 32%

= little / 24 / 22%

/ AVERAGE / 28 / 25%

+ much / 8 / 7%

X A Lot / 8 / 7%

SHAME

- none / 25 / 23%

= little / 17 / 15%

/ AVERAGE / 44 / 40%

+ much / 14 / 13%

X A Lot / 6 / 5%

CONTEMPT

- none / 16 / 15%

= little / 24 / 22%

/ AVERAGE / 37 / 34%

+ much / 23 / 21%

X A Lot / 6 / 5%

ANGER

2.80

2.61

2.32

X X X X X X + + + + +

X X X X X X X X + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + / /

+ + + + + / / / / / /

+ + + + + + + / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / /

= = = = = = = = = = =

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / = =

= = = = = = = = = = =

= = - - - - - - - - -

= = = = = = = = = = =

= = = = - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

= = - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

- - - -

2.55

2.46

1.97

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

- - - - - -

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

- none / 52 / 47%

- - - - - - - - - - -

= little / 17 / 15%

- - - - - - - - - - -

/ AVERAGE / 27 / 25%

- - - - - - - - - - -

+ much / 5 / 5%

- - - - - - - - - - -

X A Lot / 4 / 4%

= = = = = = = = = - -

GUILT

- - - - - - - - - - -

= = = = = = = = = = -

- none / 30 / 27%

= = = = = = = = = = =

= little / 28 / 25%

= = = = = = = = = - -

/ / = = = = = = = = =

/ AVERAGE / 24 / 22%

/ / / = = = = = = = =

X A Lot / 8 / 7%

/ / / = = = = = = = =

/ / / / / / / / / / /

+ much / 15 / 14%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

FEAR

/ / / / / / / / / / /

- none / 30 / 27%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

+ / / / / / / / / / /

= little / 19 / 17%

+ + + + + + + + + + +

+ + / / / / / / / / /

/ AVERAGE / 33 / 30%

+ + + + + + + + + + +

X A Lot / 7 / 6%

X X X X + + + + + / /

+ much / 17 / 15%

X X X X X X X X + + +

DISGUST

X X X X X X X + + + +

Singapore, ho w it yo u

doe s make f ee l ?

- none / 25 / 23%

= little / 33 / 30%

/ AVERAGE / 30 / 27%

+ much / 16 / 15%

X A Lot / 2 / 2%

S UR P R I S E

- none / 14 / 13%

= little / 21 / 19%

/ AVERAGE / 37 / 34%

scene

+ much / 24 / 22%

political

X A Lot / 11 / 10%

the

INTEREST

th i n k

2.94

2.41

X X X X X X X X X X X

X X + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + / / / /

+ + + + + + + + + + +

/ / / / / / / / / / /

+ + / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / = = = = = = =

/ / / / / / / / / / /

= = = = = = = = = = =

/ / / / / / / = = = =

= = = = = = = = = = =

= = = = - - - - - - -

= = = = = = - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

2.29

2.88

- - - - - - - -

- none / 17 / 15%

= = - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

= little / 25 / 23%

= = = = = = = = = = =

- - - - - - - - - - -

/ AVERAGE / 29 / 26%

= = = = = = = = = = =

= = = - - - - - - - -

+ much / 26 / 24%

/ / / / / / / / / / =

= = = = = = = = = = =

X A Lot / 10 / 9%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

= = = = = = = = = = =

SADNESS

+ + + / / / / / / / /

/ = = = = = = = = = =

- none / 26 / 24%

+ + + + + + + + + + +

/ / / / / / / / / / /

= little / 35 / 32%

+ + + + + + + + + + +

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ AVERAGE / 34 / 31%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

+ much / 10 / 9%

X X X X X X X X X X +

X A lot / 1 / 1%

X + + + + + + + + + +

JOY POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

› PASSIONS › POLITICAL SCENE

yo u

Whe n

› 10 emotions

› scale of 1-5

Q10/

- none / 35 / 32%

= little / 15 / 14%

/ AVERAGE / 29 / 26%

+ much / 20 / 18%

X A Lot / 7 / 6%

SHAME

- none / 25 / 23%

= little / 19 / 17%

/ AVERAGE / 41 / 37%

+ much / 11 / 10%

X A Lot / 10 / 9%

CONTEMPT

- none / 15 / 14%

= little / 22 / 20%

/ AVERAGE / 25 / 23%

+ much / 31 / 26%

X A Lot / 13 / 12%

ANGER

3.05

2.67

2.52

X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X +

X X X X X X X + + + +

X X + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + /

+ + + + + + + + + + +

/ / / / / / / / / / /

+ + + + + / / / / / /

+ + + + + + + + + + +

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / = = = =

/ = = = = = = = = = =

/ / / = = = = = = = =

= = = = = = = = = = =

= = = = = - - - - - -

= = = = = = = = = = =

= = = = - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

= = = - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - - -

2.88

2.40

1.93

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

- - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

- none / 56 / 51%

- - - - - - - - - - -

= little / 14 / 13%

- - - - - - - - - - -

/ AVERAGE / 27 / 25%

- - - - - - - - - - -

+ much / 5 / 5%

- - - - - - - - - - -

= = = = = - - - - - -

X A Lot / 4 / 4%

= = = = = - - - - - -

GUILT

- - - - - - - - - - -

= = = = = = = = = = =

- none / 36 / 33%

= = = = = = = = = = =

= little / 24 / 22%

= = = = = = - - - - -

/ / / / / / / / / = =

/ AVERAGE / 25 / 23%

/ / / = = = = = = = =

+ much / 12 / 11%

/ / / = = = = = = = =

/ / / / / / / / / / /

X A Lot / 10 / 9%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

FEAR

/ / / / / / / / / / /

+ + + + + / / / / / /

- none / 24 / 22%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

= little / 18 / 16%

+ + + + + + + + + + +

/ AVERAGE / 26 / 24%

X X X X + + + + + + +

+ much / 23 / 21%

X X X X + + + + + / /

X A Lot / 15 / 14%

X X X X X X X X X X +

DISGUST

X X X X X X X X X X X

o bserv a t i o n :

61%

felt

TO a

of)

a n g er

re g a r d i n g

t he

political

s c ene

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

lot

( a ver a g e

S i n g a p o re .

o t her ne w s :

ru l i n g p a r t y

pap

re c e i ve d 6 0 . 1 % t he v o t es and

2011,

g a i ne d 6 6 . 6 %

t he

p a r l i a men t .

8 7 se a t s

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

THE 60%, SO close to the median.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

= little / 28 / 25%

/ AVERAGE / 47 / 43%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / =

/ / / / / / = = = = =

= = = = = = = = = = =

= = = = = - - - - - -

= = = = - - - - -

- - - - - - - - -

2.98

ho w it yo u

doe s make f ee l ?

2.65

2.70

- - - - - - -

= little / 31 / 28%

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - -

/ AVERAGE / 30 / 27%

= = = = = = = = = - -

= = = = = = = = - - -

X A Lot / 8 / 7%

= = = = = = = = = = =

+ much / 17 / 15%

= = = = = = = = = = =

SADNESS

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / = =

- none / 11 / 10%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

= little / 32 / 29%

+ + + / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ AVERAGE / 45 / 41%

+ + + + + + + + + + +

/ / / / / / / / / / /

X A lot / 3 / 3%

+ + + + + + + + / / /

+ much / 16 / 15%

X X X X X X X X + + +

JOY POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

2.64

X X X + + + + + + + +

- none / 20 / 18%

Singapore,

- none / 15 / 14%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

+ much / 15 / 14%

+ + + + + + + / / / /

+ + + + + + + + / / /

X A Lot / 3 / 3%

+ + + + + + + + + + +

- none / 5 / 5%

X X X + + + + + + + +

de s i g n

S UR P R I S E

= little / 31 / 28%

/ AVERAGE / 42 / 38%

X X X X X X X X X + +

the

+ much / 21 / 19%

X A Lot / 9 / 8%

standard

INTEREST

th i n k

› PASSIONS › DESIGN

yo u

Whe n

› 10 emotions

› scale of 1-5

Q11/

- none / 39 / 35%

= little / 26 / 24%

/ AVERAGE / 22 / 20%

+ much / 16 / 15%

X A Lot / 4 / 4%

SHAME

- none / 34 / 31%

= little / 26 / 24%

/ AVERAGE / 33 / 30%

+ much / 8 / 7%

X A Lot / 4 / 4%

CONTEMPT

- none / 35 / 32%

= little / 32 / 29%

/ AVERAGE / 20 / 18%

+ much / 13 / 12%

X A Lot / 7 / 6%

ANGER

2.29

2.25

X X X X X X X + + + +

X X X X + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + / /

+ / / / / / / / / / /

+ + + + + + + + + / /

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / = = = =

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / = =

= = = = = = = = = = =

/ = = = = = = = = = =

= = = = = = = = = = =

= = = = = = - - - - -

= = = = = - - - - - -

= = - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - -

2.37

1.94

1.84

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - -

- - - - -

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

- none / 53 / 48%

- - - - - - - - - - -

= little / 24 / 22%

- - - - - - - - - - -

/ AVERAGE / 19 / 17%

- - - - - - - - - - -

+ much / 6 / 5%

- - - - - - - - - - -

= = - - - - - - - - -

X A Lot / 2 / 2%

- - - - - - - - - - -

GUILT

- - - - - - - - - - -

= = = = = = = = = = =

- none / 51 / 46%

= - - - - - - - - - -

= little / 21 / 19%

= = = = = = = - - - -

= = = = = = = = = = =

/ AVERAGE / 27 / 25%

= = = = = = = = = = =

+ much / 6 / 5%

= = = = = = = = = = =

/ = = = = = = = = = =

X A Lot / 2 / 2%

/ / = = = = = = = = =

FEAR

/ / / / / = = = = = =

/ / / / / / / / / / /

- none / 28 / 25%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

= little / 34 / 31%

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ AVERAGE / 26 / 24%

+ + + + + + + + / / /

X A Lot / 4 / 4%

X X + + + + + + / / /

+ much / 15 / 14%

X X + + + + + + / / /

DISGUST

X X X X + + + + + + +

T H E IN T E RVI E WS

Local politics in this case includes governance, policy-making, political

â&#x20AC;ş 3 questions â&#x20AC;ş

marketing and election

5 interviewees

campaigning.

Wh a t

are

yo u r

general

s e n t i m e n t s o n the s t a n d a r d s i n the

de s i g n c o n te x t

local politics?

Wh a t

h i n de r i n g c r e a t i v e

f r ee

play

yo u th i n k i n the

c o n te x t

local politics?

How much

th i n k g ood

yo u

de s i g n ,

p r o p e r m a r k et i n g

and

s o c i a l m ed i a he l p s a

p a r ty

/ n o m i n ee

gaining support v ote s i n the of

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

and

c o n te x t

local politics?

F iv e in t e r v i e w s w e r e c o n d u c t e d , w it h a s e t o f t h r e e q u e s t i o n s e a c h . T he i nt e r v i e w q u e s t io n s w e r e c a t e r e d t o th e p r o j e c t ; a s k in g s o m e y o u t h a bo ut t h e i r p e r s o n a l o p i n i o n s o n t he e mp l o y m e n t o f g ra p h i c d e s i g n i n lo ca l p o l i t i c s . T he i nt e r v i e w e e s , Y ah - Le n g , J u s t i n , Y az id , J e r o m e a n d P ea r l y n a r e f r o m v ar io us b a c k g r o u n d s , y o u t h s w h o a r e d ir ec tl y o r i n d i r e c tl y i m p a c t e d b y t he d es i g n s a n d d e c is i o n s m a d e b y l oc al p o l i c i e s a n d go v e r n a n c e . T he y ha v e v a r y i n g l ev e l s o f i nt er es t s i n p o l i t i cs a n d d e s i g n , w hi ch p r o v i d e s a s p ec t r u m o f d if fe re n t t h o u g h t s an d v ie ws o n t h e s e i s s u es .

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

T H E IN T E RVI E W E E S

Y A H - L E N G Y U, DESIGNER

Justin Zhuang, 28, writer

Yazid Safa ruan , 25, designER

Yah-Leng was formally

Justin writes and

Yazid is currently doing

trained at the Art Institute

researches on Singapore’s

his Bachelor of Fine Arts

of Boston before moving to

visual culture, heritage

in Visual Communication.

New York City where she

and spaces under his studio

He loves football and

worked with some of the

“In Plain Words”. He has

feels very much Singaporean

world’s most interesting

been documenting Singapore’s

whenever (and only when)

names. Her works have been

design culture as editor

he watches his national

recognized and honored by

of “The Design Society

team play. He likes creating

OneShow, The Art Director’s

Journal” and through the

things and being involved

Club, HOW, Communication

“Singapore Visual Archive”.

in things that benefit

Arts, etc. In 2007, she

Justin has also written

his community, and admits

co-founded Foreign Policy

a book, “INDEPENDENCE:

to being pretty apathetic

Design Group. She wears

The history of graphic

when it comes to politics.

multiple hats as creative

design in Singapore

“As long as the government

director, art director,

since the 1960s”.

treats the people fairly,

designer, idea maker and

I’m cool,” he says.

problem solver.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

J e r ome C han, 2 4 , entr epr eneu r

Pea rlyn Chang , 19, junior co llege st udent

Jerome studies finance in Nanyang Technological

A student from a local

University, and is the boss

junior college, Pearlyn

of two budding startups,

says she is concerned

Ideas Incubator and

about the elections,

Clickwoo. He is passionate

but honestly “cannot be

about designing, photography

bothered with politics”,

and all things pretty and

especially since the GE

also has a wide knowledge

and PE happened during the

of both local and

year she was taking her ‘A’

international politics.

level examinations. She is heavily involved in school activities and studies, and does social work from time to time.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

t he

l o c a l h o us i n g

d eve l o p men t (HDB)’s

board

E t hn i c

In t e g r a t i o n ( E IP ) to

Policy

i m p l emen t e d

“promote

racial

integration

and

h a rm o ny ” .

t he of

e t hn i c this

ratio

book’s

i n t erv i e w ees is

proportional

that of

% of resident* population (2010 Census)

HDB.

chinese

Malay

Indian and others

74.1%

13.4%

12.5%

87%

25%

15%

87%

25%

15%

* singaporeans anD prs HDB’s maximum ethnic limits for block

POLITIKALLY’s maximum ethnic limits for interview POLITIKALLY’s Absolute number of interviewees

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ Wh a t a r e yo u r g e n e r a l s e n t i m e n t s o n the de s i g n s t a n d a r d s i n the c o n te x t of local politics? __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Ge n e r a l Elections, none of the

Y A H - L E N G Y U, DESIGNER

p a r t i e s’ campaign posters caught m y a t t ention. However, I do feel t h a t T ony Tan’s campaign for the

Th er e’ s n o d e s i g n s t a n d a r d a s

Pr e s i d ential Election - poster

to s pe a k . T h e p o l i t i c a l s c e n e i s

a n d w e bsite - exhibit a fair

ba si ca l l y s t i l l a l l a b o u t p o l i t i c s

u n d e r s tanding and awareness towards

an d no o n e r e a l l y t h o u g h t a b o u t

t h e p o wer of visuals in influencing

br an di n g o r d e s i g n . It ’ s r e a l l y

d e c i s i ons. The use of purple is bold

no t th e i r p r i o r i t y .

a n d r e freshing but it still did not h a v e m uch impact.

__ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

J u stin Z hu ang, w r ite r

_ _ _ _ _ _ ____________________________

Jerome Chan , ENTREPR ENEUR

A s c om p a r e d t o c i t i e s l i k e Lo n d o n an d N e w Y o r k , t h e d e s i g n s o f p u b l i c

T h e d e sign standards in the local

se rv ic e m e s s a g e s m a t e r i a l h e r e t e n d

p o l i t i cal scene has been overly

to b e f o r m u l a i c . T h e y a r e p o l i t i c a l l y

p l a i n , direct and simple, and lacking

co rr ec t b y i n c l u d i n g t h e f o u r r a c e s

i n o v e rall creativity. Political

an d of f i c i a l - d o m l a n g u a g e . So m e t i m e s

p a r t i e s have placed over emphasis on

th ey t r y t o b e “ c o n t e m p o r a r y ”

c l a r i t y, and directness of designs

by a do p t i n g s t y l e s t h a t a r e t r e n d y

a n d c a n be merely following standard

so a s t o a p p e a l t o t h e m a s s e s .

d e s i g n template, for example as seen i n c a m paign posters.

Th er e i s a n e m p h a s i s o f f u n c t i o n ov er f o r m , s o m u c h s o t h a t f o r m

_ _ _ _ _ _ ____________________________

be co me s s o m e t h i n g t h a t i s e v e n

Pea rlyn Chang, junior co llege st udent

av oi de d . T h e r e i s t h i s s e n s e t h a t yo u wa n t t o l o o k p r o f e s s i o n a l an d re l i a b l e a n d t h a t m e a n s n o t

As s o m eone who is not interested

st an di n g o u t b y b e i n g a v a n t g a r d e .

i n p o l itics and do not read the

S p ec if i c a l l y t o p o l i t i c a l p o s t e r s ,

n e w s p a pers nor watch the news,

ca nd id a t e s m u s t c r a p t h e i r i n d i v i d u a l

I d o n ’ t really know about this.

st yl es t o f i t a l a r g e r p a r t y i m a g e ,

H o w e v e r, I do know that different

be ca us e S i n g a p o r e i s n ’ t d r i v e n b y

p a r t i e s have different logos and the

pe rs on a l i t y p o l i t i c s .

l o g o s are all pretty boring and not r e a l l y eye-catching. Especially the

__ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

‘ d a i l y objects’ used to represent the

Y azid S afar u an, DESIGNER

f o u r p residential nominees. They are n o t t r endy at all, I won’t give it a s e c o nd look.

In my opinion, there is very little at te nt i o n g i v e n t o d e s i g n i n l o c a l po li ti c s . J u d g i n g f r o m t h e r e c e n t

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ Generally, the interviewees seem to have a common opinion that the design in local politics is still lacking in creativity, tending to stick to the norm and following certain formulae or template for the sake of â&#x20AC;&#x153;clarityâ&#x20AC;?. While a lack of personality politics is a p r o b l e m i n Si n g a p o r e , as Justin mentioned, Pearlyn also pointed out that the individual candidates for the presidential elections employed logos that did not even represent

An overly plain and simple design style

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ Not much impact

being the priority.

/ Formulaic, safe

form, with design not

/ plain, simple

function rather than

/ not standing out

importance placed on

/ politically correct

is adopted, with more

/ non-personality politics

themselves clearly.

/ Wh a t D O Y O U th i n k i s h i n de r i n g o u r c r e a t i v e f r ee p l a y i n the c o n te x t of local politics? __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

w o u l d rather not involve themselves

Y A H - L E N G Y U, DESIGNER

i n c o n structing images for political p a r t i e s, especially for opposition p a r t i e s, after all it’s not regarded

L a ck o f k n o w l e d g e a n d e x p o s u r e . So m e

a s g o o d for business.

po li ti c i a n s m a y t h i n k t h a t i t i s t h e ab il it y o f t h e c a n d i d a t e t h a t c o u n t s ,

_ _ _ _ _ _ ____________________________

no t al l t h o s e “ f r i v o l o u s , f l o w e r y i c y on t he c a k e a n d b l a r i n g t r u m p e t s ” .

Yazid Safa ruan , design ER

__ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

I t h i n k it’s culture and money.

J u stin Z hu ang, w r ite r

Mo s t Singaporeans especially from t h e m i ddle-class and below in my o p i n i o n, still regard art and design

Th e la c k o f p e r s o n a l i t y i n p o l i t i c s .

a s h i g h culture, as ‘belonging’

Ov er h e r e , t h e p a r t y l o o m s l a r g e r

t o t h e upper class. Therefore,

ov er a n y c a n d i d a t e , s o t h a t r e s t r i c t s

s o m e o f us might not relate too

ho w mu c h v a r i e t y i n d e s i g n s t h e r e

w e l l o r have a distorted image of

ca n be .

i t . Pr obably, designers (if they r e a l l y are designers) who designed

To a c e r t a i n e x t e n t t h e r e i s a l s o

c o l l a t eral for parties’ campaign were

th is n o t i o n a m o n g s t v o t e r s a n d

c o n c e r ned that polished design would

ca nd id a t e s t h a t a n y t h i n g t h a t l o o k s

n o t c o mmunicate too well with older

“d es ig n e d ” i s e x t r a v a g a n t a n d m a y b e

voters.

ev en d e c e p t i v e — w h i c h r u n s c o u n t e r to t hi s i m a g e S i n g a p o r e a n s h a v e o f

Mo n e y is definitely a factor. Good

a mo de l p o l i t i c i a n , s o m e o n e w h o i s

d e s i g n don’t come cheap. Parties

no f ri l l s , p r o p e r a n d a m a n o n t h e

w o u l d definitely not want to put in

st re et . T h i s k e e p s a c h e c k o n h o w

t h e i r money on something that they

fa r ou t d e s i g n s c a n b e . In a w a y ,

d o n ’ t believe is effective in the

it ’s a l m o s t g o t t o l o o k “ u n - d e s i g n e d ”

f i r s t place. This is Singapore. Local

in o rd e r t o c o n v i n c e v o t e r s t h a t y o u

o r g a n i zations and companies have this

di dn ’t “ w a s t e ” r e s o u r c e s t o c o n s t r u c t

c o m m o n motto: “Cheap and Good. Then,

an i ma g e .

w e c a n talk money”.

A n d of c o u r s e , t o b e p o l i t i c a l l y

_ _ _ _ _ _ ____________________________

co rr ec t a n d n o t o f f e n d a n y b o d y

Jerome Chan , ENTREPR ENEUR

me an s d e s i g n s h e r e a r e m e a n t t o pl ea se e v e r y b o d y , b u t i n r e a l i t y , no bo dy . T h e o f f i c i a l m a r k e r o f

1 ) T h e general stance of the

su cc es s i s s o m e t i m e s a l m o s t :

g o v e r n ment towards politics &

as l on g a s w e d o n ’ t g e t c o m p l a i n t s .

e l e c t i on campaigning has set the s t a n d a rds for other parties to

L a st ly , I ’ m s p e c u l a t i n g h e r e , b u t

f o l l o w - PAP prides their successful

I th in k m a n y p r o f e s s i o n a l d e s i g n e r s

p o l i t i cs and election campaigning

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

to wa rd s g o o d c a n d i d a t e s , t r a c k re co rd a n d ‘ s e l e c t i n g t h e r i g h t ca nd id a t e s f o r t h e g o v e r n m e n t ’ . Th us p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s t e n d t o ta ke a p r a g m a t i c a p p r o a c h t o w a r d s el ec ti o n c a m p a i g n i n g , h a v i n g a s t r o n g fo cu s o n ‘ g o o d c a n d i d a t e s ’ r a t h e r th an f l a s h y , c o o r d i n a t e d c a m p a i g n s an d de s i g n s . 2) L ac k o f a s p e c i a l i z e d i n - h o u s e

/ Overall, the

de pa rt m e n t s p e c i a l i s i n g i n PR &

interviewees felt

co ll at e r a l d e s i g n ( c o u n t r i e s l i k e

that there were two

Ta iw an h a v e s u c h d e p a r t m e n t s )

main issues — a lack of parties’ belief

3) R ig i d r u l e s t o w a r d s e l e c t i o n

that design helps in

ca mp ai g n i n g -

communication, as well as a general rigid

• R e st r i c t i o n s o n t h e n u m b e r

system of rules imposed

of p o l i t i c a l c a m p a i g n p o s t e r s

by the elections’

• R e st r i c t i o n s o n t h e s i z e

regulating departments.

of p o s t e r s • R e st r i c t i o n s o n t h e t i m e f r a m e th at s u c h p o s t e r s c a n b e d i s p l a y e d • TV & Newspaper political

pr in t f a n c y c o l l a t e r a l s p r e - a n d du ri ng e l e c t i o n p e r i o d s .

P ear l yn C hang , j u nio r col l ege student S i nc e o n l y t h e o l d e r g e n e r a t i o n i. e. t h e a d u l t s h a v e t o d o v o t i n g , it b ec o m e s a s e r i o u s i s s u e , w h i c h , by a dd i n g l o u d c o l o u r s o r t r e n d y a r t to t he i r l o g o s o r f l y e r s , m a y p o r t r a y th e pa r t y a s i m m a t u r e , o n e t h a t i s no t se r i o u s e n o u g h t o h e a d a c o u n t r y .

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

/ lack of personality

__ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/ rigid campaigning rules

af fo rd t o c o n c e p t u a l i z e , d e s i g n a n d

/ lack of funds

co ll at e r a l . O p p o s i t i o n p a r t i e s c a n n o t

/ pragmatic and practical

a la ck o f v o l u n t e e r s t o d i s t r i b u t e

/ good design = expensive

to p ri n t a n d d e s i g n . Al s o , t h e r e i s

/ politics = taking sides

pa rt ie s - c o l l a t e r a l a r e e x p e n s i v e

/ politically correctedness

4) L ac k o f f u n d s f o r o p p o s i t i o n

/ design = extravagance/ decEption

ad ve r t i s e m e n t s / c a m p a i g n i n g b a n n e d

/ H o w m u c h do yo u th i n k g ood de s i g n , p r o p e r m a r k et i n g a n d s o c i a l m ed i a he l p s a p a r ty O R n o m i n ee i n g a i n i n g s u p p o r t a n d v ote s i n the c o n te x t o f local politics? __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

a n d g e t their messages out.

Y A H - L E N G Y U, DESIGNER

At t h e end of the day, what’s most i m p o r t ant is the relationship between

I sa y t h e y a l l p l a y a p a r t b u t

t h e i m age projected and reality. You

in t he e n d t h e c a n d i d a t e h a s t o

g o t t o be what you try to show you

de mo ns t r a t e h i s a b i l i t y a n d e l o q u e n c e

a r e . O nce that connection is lost,

as w el l . S o c i a l m e d i a i n t h i s a g e i s

p e o p l e will feel cheated or not

a mu st , e s p e c i a l l y f o r t h e Ge n X, Y

r e l a t e to it.

an d yo u n g e r g e n e r a t i o n s — w e a l l k n o w ho w it h a s b e c o m e p a r t o f o u r e v e r y

_ _ _ _ _ _ ____________________________

da y li v e s . A s m a r t m a r k e t i n g c a m p a i g n

Yazid Safa ruan , DESIGNER

sh ou ld c o v e r a l l a r e a s t o r e a c h a l l de mo gr a p h i c s . G o o d d e s i g n w i l l g i v e a go od i m p r e s s i o n o f t h e c a n d i d a t e —

I t h i n k it will help a little. We

be in g p r o g r e s s i v e a n d k e e p i n g u p w i t h

d i d s e e a glimpse of it in the last

th e yo u n g e r d e m o g r a p h i c s .

g e n e r a l election. Younger nominees l i k e Nicole Seah effectively use

__ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

s o c i a l media in gaining support.

J u stin Z hu ang, w r ite r

If I c ould give another example, it w o u l d be the marketing and branding

I t s de f i n i t e l y i m p o r t a n t , I t h i n k i n

s t r a t e gy of the Lions XII team.

S i ng ap o r e p o l i t i c s , m e d i a a n d i m a g e

No , Li ons XII is not a political

pl ay s a b i g g e r r o l e t h a n w h a t w e

p a r t y . It is a local soccer club

gi ve c r e d i t f o r . I f y o u t h i n k a b o u t

r e p r e s enting Singapore in the

it , ho w o f t e n d o w e s e e o u r MPs i n

Ma l a y s ian Super League. However,

ac ti on ? I t ’ s a l l m e d i a t e d t h r o u g h t h e

I s e e a similarity here. Singapore

me di a, s o s u d d e n l y i f y o u s e e MP o n

f o o t b a ll fans were losing faith in

th e gr o u n d i n s p e c t i n g y o u r d u s t b i n ,

l o c a l soccer and the FAS needed to do

yo u’ re v e r y i m p r e s s e d — b e c a u s e

s o m e t h ing to reignite Singaporeans

th at ’s r a r e a s MPs a r e s e e n a s

l o v e i n their local football. Hence,

im po rt a n t p e o p l e , v e r y b u s y , n o t i m e

FAS i n my opinion have planned out

fo r or d i n a r y f o l k s l i k e u s .

a n i m p ressive marketing strategy in t h e s h ape of Lions XII. The logo is

I th in k a s p o l i t i c s b e c o m e s e v e n

s u p e r awesome, non-cheesy cheers

mo re c o m p e t i t i v e , a s w e ’ v e s e e n i n

w e r e c rafted specially for the club,

th e la s t o n e , t h e r o l e o f d e s i g n

St a r h u b was engaged to promote the

wi ll b e c o m e e v e n m o r e p r o m i n e n t a s

t e a m a nd the league they are playing

ca nd id a t e s a n d p a r t i e s w i l l r e a l l y

i n . T h ey even have a Facebook page

ne ed t h e s e t o o l s t o d e f i n e t h e m s e l v e s

t o r e a ch out to fans! Although,

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

th e ma r k e t i n g t e a m .

Br an di n g h e l p s p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s di ff er e n t i a t e t h e m s e l v e s f r o m o t h e r pa rt ie s , s o t h a t i n d i v i d u a l s c a n id en ti f y w h a t s e p a r a t e s t h e p a r t y fr om a n o t h e r . F o r ex a m p l e , o n t h e s u r f a c e l e v e l , br an di n g h e l p s i n d i v i d u a l s i d e n t i f y di ff er e n t p a r t i e s . Su c h a s c o l o u r s co ns ti t u t e s o f b r a n d i n g - PAP is w hi t e , WP i s b l u e . On a d e e p e r l e v e l o f b r a n d i n g , it h el p s t o d i f f e r e n t i a t e a p a r t y ’ s va lu es , i d e a l o g y a n d p o l i t i c a l or ie nt a t i o n f r o m a n o t h e r p a r t y . F o r ex a m p l e , i s SPP a n d NSP a c e n t r a l le ft is t o r r i g h t i s t ? T h e i r b r a n d im ag e i s n ’ t a s d i s t i n c t y e t . P o li ti c a l b r a n d i n g c a n b e a c h i e v e d by a li g n i n g a p a r t y ’ s v a l u e s w i t h it s pa r t y i m a g e . W h i c h c a n b e t h r o u g h pu bl ic r e l a t i o n s ( b o t h o n l i n e a n d of fl in e ) , h o w t h e l e a d e r s c a r r y th em se l v e s , t h e i r v i s u a l c o l l a t e r a l ma rk et i n g c a m p a i g n s , e t c .

/ define, differentiate themselves

J e r ome C han, E N T R E P RE N E UR

/ seEing our Mps in action via media

__ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/ Rise of social media

th in k c r e d i t s h o u l d s t i l l b e g i v e n t o

/ full package is important

M a la ys i a i n f o o t b a l l d o e s h e l p , I

/ consistency of designED image and reality

th e ri v a l r y b e t w e e n Si n g a p o r e a n d

__ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

P ear l yn C hang , 1 9 , j u nior col l ege st udent

/ The importance of graphic design is undeniable in the

G o od d e s i g n i s i m p o r t a n t i n

context of communication

at tr ac t i n g a t t e n t i o n b u t i n s t e a d

in politics, especially to

of c on t e m p o r a r y p o p u l a r d e s i g n ,

the more visual and social-

a mo re s e d e n t a r y , p r o f e s s i o n a l s t y l e

media inclined younger

is n ee d e d . S t i l l , e m p h a s i s s h o u l d

generations.

be p la c e d o n t h e m a r k e t i n g o f t h e pa rt y/ n o m i n e e . F o r b u s y p e o p l e , l i k e

There is also an

me l as t y e a r , t h e r e s h o u l d b e m o r e

increasing need

me di a u s e d t o r e a c h o u t t o p e o p l e .

to differenciate

C r ea ti n g a p p s m a y b e a g o o d s t a r t .

between parties

Th is i s o n e f o r m o f s o c i a l m e d i a

awhile maintaining

wh ic h c a n h e l p t o g a i n p o p u l a r i t y ,

a consistent image

be ca us e o f t h e p r e v a l e n c e o f s o c i a l

between the designed

me di a i n t o d a y ’ s s o c i e t y .

one and reality.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

THE

INF E R E NC E

â&#x20AC;ş A conclusion from the surveys and interviews

/// G e n e r a l l y , t h e y o u t h i n Si n g a p o r e feel that d e s i g n i n p o l i t i c s c o u l d b e i m p r oved, and a r e u n a f r a i d t o c r i t i c a l l y c o m m e nt about the c u r r e n t s t a t e o f a e s t h e t i c s u s e d in out local p a r t i e s o r o t h e r p o l i t i c a l c a m p a igns. Many o f t h e c u r r e n t l o g o s d o n o t s p e a k much to t h e s e y o u n g p e o p l e , w h o a r e i n c r easingly more k n o w l e d g e a b l e a b o u t t h e i m p o r t a n ce of these s y m b o l s a n d b r a n d i n g r e p r e s e n t i n g the parties. T h e s u r v e y e e s d o h a v e s o m e i n t e r esting taste i n d e s i g n t r e n d s a n d c a m p a i g n a e sthetics that t h e y w o u l d t o s e e . In g e n e r a l , t hey hope to s e e a m o r e v i b r a n t a n d c r e a t i v e playground f o r d e s i g n c o m i n g t h r o u g h i n t h e aspects o f p o l i t i c a l c a m p a i g n i n g . T h e p o liticiansâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; p e r s o n a l i t i e s o u g h t t o b e m o r e p rominent, a s i t b u i l d s u p a m o r e i n t i m a t e relationship b e t w e e n t h e p e o p l e a n d t h e c a n d i date. Politics i s n o t o n l y a b o u t t h e p a r t y b u t also about the i n d i v i d u a l s t h a t f o r m i t , a n d i t would help i f t h e s e c h a r a c t e r s a r e e m p h a s i z ed. I n s t e a d o f s t i c k i n g t o a s t r u c t u red, safe t e m p l a t e , p a r t i e s s h o u l d o p t f o r a more u n o r t h o d o x w a y o f m a r k e t i n g i f t hey want t o r e a c h o u t t o t h e y o u n g p e o p l e . The rigid c a m p a i g n i n g r u l e s i m p o s e d o n l o c al parties d o e s n o t m e a n t h a t t h e c a m p a i g n cannot be at a l o w c o s t a n d s t i l l l e a v e a s t r ong impact on t h e p e o p l e . Co m m u n i c a t i o n o f t h e ir beliefs and i d e o l o g i e s i s o f t h e e s s e n c e , a n d good, clever d e s i g n w i t h c a t c h y s l o g a n s c a n h elp to speak to their target audience. G o o d d e s i g n i s a n e c e s s i t y i n p o litics.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

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POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

R E F E R E NC E S â&#x20AC;ş REFERENCES AND CITATIONS

Burney, D. (2009, 3 March 2009). Designer Obama.

Retrieved from http://newkind.com/2009/03/designer-obama/

Chowdhury, N. (2011). As Singapore Gets Ready to Vote, New Media Amplifies Voice of Opposition . from Time Inc. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2069923,00.html Doctor, E. (2008, 7 November 2008). Campaign messages marked by typography, The Rice Thresher. Retrieved from http://www.ricethresher.org/sports/campaign-messages-marked-by-typography-1.902185#.T4Q6ZyfkBfQ Down with EU stars, run up stripes. (2002, 8 May 2002). BBC News. Groot, M. (2010). What to do with Design and European Identities? Retrieved from Atelier Tipografic 2 website: http://ateliertipografic.eu/?page_id=920 Large, M. (1991). The Corporate Identity of the Canadian Government. Journal of Design History, 4(1), 31-42. LaRouche, L. H. J. (2003). The Geometry of the Henry Wallace Nomination. Executive Intelligence Review, 30(43). Lim, M. F. (2011). SINGAPORE ELECTIONS 2011: Media changing Singapore election, Sin Chew Daily. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2069923,00.html Maarek, P. J. (2011). Campaign Communication and Political Marketing: Wiley-Blackwell. Rawnsley, G. D. (2003). An Institutional Approach to Election Campaigning in Taiwan. Journal of Contemporary China, 12(37), 765-779. Soon, D. (2012). The Year in 2011 IPS Update: Institue of Policy Studies, National University of Singapore. Tan, E. S., Koh, G., Leong, C. H., & Soon, D. (2011a). IPS Post-Election Survey 2011 Perception of Policies in Singapore (POPS): Institute of Policy Studies, National University of Singapore. Tan, E. S., Koh, G., Leong, C. H., & Soon, D. (2011b). IPS Presidential Election Survey 2011 Perception of Policies in Singapore (POPS): Institute of Policy Studies, National University of Singapore. Tan, T. H., Chung, S., & Zhang, W. (2011). Singaporean Youth: Different, but not that different Survey on Political Traits and Media Use: Institute of Policy Studies, National University of Singapore. Thomas, S. (2010). Designing Obama: A Chronicle of Art & Design from the 2008 Presidential Campaign: Post Press. Tschorn, A. (2008, 30 March, 2008). The Character Issue, Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2008/mar/30/image/ig-font30 Zhuang, J. (2011). Vote for Me! The Design Society Journal, 1(3), 104-115.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

PIC T UR E

CR E D I T S

› CREDITS FOR IMAGES USED

fig(3) Sender LLC. (Design company) (2011), Obama logo, Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential campaign, USA fig(4) People’s Action Party (Political Group) (1954), PAP logo, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.pap.org.sg fig(5) The Worker’s Party (Political Group) (1957), WP logo, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.wp.org.sg fig(6) National Solidarity Party (Singapore) (Political Group) (1987), NSP logo, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.nsp.sg fig(7) Singapore Democratic Party (Political Group) (1980), SDP logo, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.yoursdp.org fig(8) Reform Party (Singapore) (Political Group) (2008), RP logo, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.thereformparty.net fig(9) Singapore People’s Party (Political Group) (1994), SPP logo, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.spp.org.sg fig(10) Singapore Democratic Alliance (Political Group) (2001), SDA logo, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.sgda.org.sg/ fig(11) Dr Tony Tan Keng Yam (Political Candidate) (2011), 2011 Presidential Election symbol, Singapore. fig(12) Dr Tan Cheng Bock (Political Candidate) (2011), 2011 Presidential Election symbol, Singapore. fig(13) Tan Jee Say (Political Candidate) (2011), 2011 Presidential Election symbol, Singapore. fig(14) Tan Kin Lian (Political Candidate) (2011), 2011 Presidential Election symbol, Singapore.

POLITIKALLY / THE BODY

fig(15) Lim Kim San Collection (1972), Lim Kim San. 14th year of honest effective government. Better your future with PAP., Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(16) Elections Department (1984), Independent Candidate - Lee Mun Hung, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(17) Elections Department (1980), People’s Action Party (PAP) - The Right Choice!, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(18) Elections Department (1984), Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) - Chiam See Tong, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(19) Elections Department (1991), The Workers’ Party (WP) - Power to the People, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(20) Elections Department (1991), People’s Action Party (PAP) - Dr Seet Ai Mee, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(21) Elections Department (1988), People’s Action Party (PAP) - Lim Boon Heng, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(22) Elections Department (1988), United People’s Front (UPF) - Ang Bee Lian, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(23) Elections Department (1997), The Workers’ Party (WP) - Power to the People, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(24) Elections Department (1997), Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) - Dr Chee Soon Juan, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(25) Elections Department (1997), People’s Action Party (PAP) - Singapore 21, Make It Our Best Home, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(26) Elections Department (1997), People’s Action Party (PAP) - Matthias Yao Chih, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(27) Elections Department (2006), People’s Action Party (PAP) - Staying Together, Moving Ahead. Bersatu Padu, Bergerak Maju., Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(28) Elections Department (2001), The Workers’ Party (WP) - Low Thia Khiang, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(29) Elections Department (2001), People’s Action Party (PAP) - Lee Hsien Loong, Seng Han Thong, Inderjit Singh, Balaji Sadasivan, Tan Boon Wan, Wee Siew Kim, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(30) Elections Department (2001), People’s Action Party (PAP) - A People United, Secure Future, Better Life, Singapore. Retrieved from http://postersonline.com.sg (National Archives of Singapore) fig(31) Singapore Democratic Party (Political Group) (2011), 2011 General Election Campaign Poster, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.yoursdp.org fig(32)

People’s Action Party (Political Group) (2011), 2011 General Election Campaign Poster, Singapore.

Retrieved from http://www.pap.org.sg fig(33) The Worker’s Party (Political Group) (2011), 2011 General Election Campaign Manifesto Design, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.wp.org.sg fig(34) National Solidarity Party (Singapore) (Political Group) (1987), 2011 General Election Campaign Poster, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.nsp.sg

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