Week 4 Learning summary
Span and Spacing
Spanning: - Distance that is measured between two structural
Floor Systems
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supports -Not necessarily the same length - can be measured between vertical supports (for horizontal member) or horizontal supports (for vertical member).
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Spacing -repeating distance between a series of like elements -often associated with beams Generally measured centre-line to centre-line
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Beam span (Ching, 2008) Column spacing Beams and Cantilevers
In Situ Concrete:
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used to span across structural supports Can run in one or two directions Slab thickness roughly worked out by the span of the slab divided by 30
Steel: -
Timber: -
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takes various forms and can use heavy, light or a combination of gauges steel beams support precast concrete slabs these beams then will possibly be supported by columns, girders or load bearing walls
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Precast Concrete: -
Concrete:
depending on structural function and loads floor openings may require additional framing beams support planking or decking beams supported by girders, post or load bearing walls (Ching, 2008)
cured on building site used for areas that require a large coverage of concrete (slabs), retaining walls, footings Joints used for in situ concrete are control joints and construction joints Doesn’t have a smooth finish like factory made concrete has Typically two main joints used, construction joints(breaks up sections)and controlled joints (allows for expansion and contractionprevents cracking)
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Manufactured in a factory- transported to site for installations Time efficient- not effected by climate, less labour on site Smooth finishes- flexibility to be able to polish, cut to shape- good for abstract structures Rarely used in footings but seen in retaining walls, columns and walls Limited in size due to transportation
Scale, Annotation and Working Drawing Conventions Case study building name: Oval Pavilion- Redevelopment 1.
2.2 Provide an example of the dimensions as they appear on this floor plan? What units are used for the dimensions? Units are in millimetres
Project name Client details North point Consultants Revision history
- Drawing number - Copyright details - Scale - Date
1.2 Why might this information be important? - Clarity - Navigation between drawings - Referencing and cross referencing - Can’t be reproduced without permission due to copyright - Contact information 2. Drawing Content- Plans 2.1 What type of information is shown in this floor plan? -
Dimensions -room names Detail bubbles -legend Materials -cross referencing Fixtures - boundary line Doors - windows Floor finishes - landscaping Grid - Tactile indicators Floor level - scale Surrounding structures
2.6 Illustrate how the references to other drawings are shown on the plan. What do these symbols mean? There are three main symbols for referencing which are shown below. The numbers inside the bubble are reference to the drawing number on a different page.
Title Block 1.1 List the types of information found in the title block on the floor plan page. -
Week 4 Studio
2.3 Is there a grid? What system is used for identifying the grid lines? Yes, there is a alfa-numerical grid system. The grid follows the significant structural memebers throughout the plan. 2.4 What is the purpose of the legend? The legend gives information and clarifies what the symbols being showed in the drawings are.
2.7 How are windows and doors identified? Provide an example of each. Is there a rationale to their numbering? What do these numbers mean? Can you find the answer somewhere in the drawings?
2.5 Why are some parts of the drawing annotated? Illustrate how the annotations are associated with the relevant part of the drawing. Annotation include additional information that may not be able to be represented by symbol or have a place on other drawings. The annotations are connected to the relevant part of the drawing by a thin line with a arrow head pointing to the nessecary part.
The number on the top of the symbol depicts the door/window number and the lower number is the room in which the door or window applies to. 2.8 Illustrate how floor levels are noted on the plan?
2.9 Are some areas of the drawing clouded? Why? Yes, there are some areas clouded and this is to represent and highlight changes made during revision. 3. Drawing content- Elevations 3.1 What type of information is shown in the elevation? How does it differ from the information shown in the plan? The elevation shows the sides of the building depicting things such as windows, doors, walls, roofs, columns and so forth but unlike the floor plan the elevation shows it in a 3D way where you can see the placement, height and relation to other elements that the floor plan doesn’t show. It also allows you to see the ground and how the building is in relation to it. 3.2 Are dimensions shown? If so, how do they differ from the dimensions on the plan? Provide an example of the dimensions as they relate to the elevation.
3.4 Is there a grid? If so, how/ where is it shown? Yes there is a grid and it is shown along the top of the elevation (see image in 3.2). This Grid also corresponds to the grid on the floor plan.
Week 4 Studio 4.2 Illustrate how the section drawing differentiates between building elements that are cut through and those that are shown in elevation (beyond). Cut through elements are bolded.
3.5 What types of information on the elevations are expressed using words? Illustrate how this is done. The Majority of information annotated on the drawing is instructions and material types.
3.6 Illustrate how the doors and windows are identified on the elevations.
4.3 Provide examples of how different materials are shown on the sections.
4.4 Find where this section is located on the plans.
5. Details 5.1 What sorts of things are detailed? Materials, walls, joints, fixtures, plate, insulation, louvres, junctions, wimdows, stairs 3.7 Find where this elevation is located on the plans 3.3 What types of levels are shown on the elevations? Illustrate how levels are shown in relation to the elevation. Reduced level and Finshed floor level above datum in metres
4. Sections 4.1 What type of information is shown in this section? How does it differ from the information shown on the plan and elevation? It shows the inside of the building allowing you to see further details and get a better idea of how the space works and how things are in relation to each other.
5.2 Are the details compressed using break lines? Why? Yes, because this allows the important details to be read easily 5.3 Provide details of how different materials are shown on drawings this scale.
Glossary Girder: ‘A beam, as of steel, wood, or reinforced concrete, use d as a main horizontal support in a building or bridge.’(Th e Free dictionary, 2014) Bearer: A load supporting structural member which may be supported by ledgers. (Dictionary of construction, 2014) Tactile Indicators: The grips or bumps to help the vision impaired to know where the edge of a step or ramp is
References Ching, F. D.K. (2008). Building Construction illustrated. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dictionary of construction. (2014). Bearer. Retrieved from http://www.dictionaryofconstruction.com/definition/be arer.html The Free Dictionary. (2014). Girder. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/girder