Learning summary Columns: -
slender members that transfer axil compressive loads Can be either long or short and are chosen depending on, what they will be used for, practicality and what their cross sectional strength can handle
Week 5 Wall systems
Structural Frames
Timber:
Figure 2 (timberframehq, 2014)
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Steel:
less common seen on sloping sites traditional framing need bracing or rigid joints in corners to stabilise structure
Concrete - Seen in larger scale buildings (city) - Combination of columns connected to beams - Columns have to be strong enough to carry live and dead loads above
Figure 1(network steel, 2011)
The above cross sectional column examples are the three most common due to their similar properties of being material and cost efficient. For example Circular columns are chosen over a solid long columns as they have a greater outer radius and strength against buckling (Chitale, Gupta, 2007, p.72).
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used when the fire rating is low common in industrial buildings usually a grid of columns such as RHS, UB, CHS and SHS (examples in column section) connected to beams and girders steel frames have to be stabilised though either bracing, shear wall bracing or by making the joints rigid (Newton, 2014)
Figure 3 (Emporis, 2014)
Load bearing walls Load bearing walls are under compression and therefor need suitable materials such as -
Concrete Solid Masonry Reinforced masonry Reinforced concrete
Task: This week’s activity was to construct a structural x-ray model of a section from the oval pavilion by following the information given by the drawings. My groups section is as below.
In a step to recreate the structural system we have to understand the drawings and how it works. Many of the drawings (if not all) include codes that are used to make the drawings easier to read and less busy. Being that these codes are all over the drawings it was fundamental to know what they all meant to further understand the drawing as a whole. .
Week 5 Studio g B1 – 360UB45: the letters stand for Universal Beam and the nubmers as dimensions
All the highlighted codes below are the ones present in the applicable drawings. B8- 150PFC the letters stand for Parralel Flange channel and number as the dimension
Understanding the drawings: We found the construction issue drawings (roof framing plan and roof sections & details) to be the most useful as a reference as they included all the dimensions needed and enabled us to visualise what it’ll look like.
C3- 100 x 100 x 4.0 SHS the numbers are te dimensions and the letters stand for Square Hollow Section
RB1 and WB1- 20 DIA, Rod 20 DIA stand for 20 diameter, RB= roof bracing, WB=wall bracing
The schedules are catergorised which helps to understand what the items are. A couple of codes needed further investigation as they weren’t as clear including B1, B8, C3, RB1 and WB1. They were understood by pulling the it apart and looking at it in sections eg-seperating letters from numbers.
Planning stages We annotated the drawings to visualise the dimensions and to use it as a reference during the construction of the structural x-ray.
The dimensions were done at 1:1 (same scale as original drawings) and needed to be converted to a ratio that we could work with. 1:20 was the chosen ratio due to the resources and time frame we had to construct the model.
Constructing the model We used cardboard as our material to construct the model. With the time pressure we didn’t overly think about the structural elements and just cut up the cardboard to the dimensions shown in the drawings. We also chose to use sticky tape to mimic what looks to be fixed joints.
Week 5 Studio g
Our downfall was not paying more attention to the structural system. For example: The SHS column section (C3) which runs down the side of the structure (red box) should have been mimicked in the model by either creating a SHS out of cardboard or doubling the thickness to make this member stronger as it is carrying the loads.
This truss transfers the loads from the structure, loads on the roof and natural forces down by distributing it though the triangles.
This truss in combination with the PFC beams and SHS column allow for a sleek and slim design without the need for bulky materials and structural members as they are just as strong. Also the top and bottom beams (blue boxes) which are PFC’s acting as beams should have been considered during the model building process. These beams are particularly important as they form part of the truss that runs down the lengths of the structure.
Another element we missed was the roof bracing. Not only would this element have made the structure sturdier and would enable the structure to resist lateral forces. Without the bracing the side would topple.
Week 5 Studio g
References and Glossary
Week 5
Glossary
References v
Universal Beam – UB
Chitale, A. K., Gupta, R.C. (2007). Product Design and Manufacturing (fourth edition). New Delhi, India: Prentice-Hall
- usually made from steel - top and bottom is usually equal to centre piece to reduce buckling (which occurs in the direction of the smallest cross sectional area- centre piece) Plywood: an engineered sheet product used for structural bracing
Emporis. (2014). The Peninsula Mandalay. Retrieved from http://www.emporis.com/building/the-peninsulamandalay-south-san-francisco-ca-usa Merriam-Webster. (2014). Girder. Retrieved from vhttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/girder
Engineered timber: is not a natural process and is manmade and manufactured
Network Steel. (2011). Structural Steel Portal Frames. Retrieved from http://networksteel.com.au/commercial/portal-frames/
Girder: A large horizontal structural member that supports vertical loads and can consist of a single piece or several bound together (framework) (MerriamWebster, 2014)
Newton, C. (2014, August 24). W05_c1 WALLS, GRIDS & COLUMNS. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIe6txNIO58&feat ure=youtu.be Timber Frame HQ. (2014). 16Ă—16 Timber Frame Plan. Retrieved from http://timberframehq.com/timberframehouseplansandk its/16x16-timber-frame-plan/