Tensegri[city] - ADDA - Master in Advanced Design and Digital Architecture - ELISAVA

Team Members :

Janpreet Kaur Dogra B h a v l e e n K a u r A m i n P a r s a r o k h

ELISAVA 2 0 1 4

Escola Superior de Disseny i Enginyeria de Barcelona

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2 0 1 5

Credits Program Director Jordi Truco

Professors Marcel Bilurbina Fernando Gorka de Lecea Pau de Sola Morales Roger Paez Marilena Christodoulou Lorraine Glover

Team Members Janpreet Kaur Dogra Bhavleen Kaur Amin Parsarokh

Lectures Slyvia Felipe Jordi Truco Javier Pena

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1 introduction 1.1 Emergence In Complex Systems Like Cities 1.2 Case Study : Munich Olympic Stadium

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2 Material Intelligence 2.1 Form-ďŹ nding/ material Systems 2.2 Component Origin 2a Proliferation

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2a.1 Big Generation 1 Prototype

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3 Control Engineering 3.1 Actuation Of Single Module 3.2 Actuation Of Layers

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3.3 Prototype Generation 2 3.4 Parameterization

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4 Abiotic Architecture In Urban Fringes 4.1 La Sagrera Barcelona - Site Study 4a Cartography

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4b Operative Cartography 4b.1 Morphology

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4b.2 Planing and Program Distribution 4b.3 Catalogue Of Spaces 4c Performative Capacities 4.2 Renders

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6 Fabrication 6.1 Prototype 1:60

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6.2 Technique And Assembly 6.3 Fabrication Process

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Introduction

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Material System Form Finding and Material Intelligence

Physical experiments and Computation Describing the system’s Structural Logics Geometric Principles Skin performance Performative Aspects

EXAPTATION OF URBAN FRINGES

TOPOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION

Site for specific use Spacial organization System on one layer Branching and reconnecting Limit Conditions

Site considerations

Archtecture In Urban Fringes 9

Emergence in Complex systems like Cities Abstract Individuals and interactions between individuals are key to the evolvement of complex systems. “Emergence in Complex systems” discusses how in nature - ant colonies, beehives ,human societies, urban developments behave as emergent systems where a collection of individuals interact without central control yet achieve an integral whole. In a smaller scale of living organisms, they formed by a collection of DNA that interact with proteins to maintain the development and functioning of living organisms . The purpose of this paper is to develop a generative design system, to be able to emulate the growth and evolution of cities.

Emergent Evolution Emergent evolution is the hypothesis that, in the course of evolution, some entirely new properties, such as mind and consciousness, appear at certain critical points, usually because of an unpredictable rearrangement of the already existing entities. The concept has influenced the development of systems theory and complexity theory.

The city structure is a habitable organism. It develops by means of adaptive, transitory scenarios in which the operational mode is uncertainty. It is written based on growth scripts, open algorithms, that remain permeable not only to human expressions(expressions of individuality ,relational , conflictual and transactional modes, etc.)but also to the most discrete data such as the chemical emissions of those who inhabit it . this bio-structure becomes the visible part of human contingencies and their negotiation in real time. Due to its modes of emergence, its fabrication cannot be delegated to a political power that would deny its exchange procedures and design its contours in advance.

In timely fashion, Darwin’s fundamental message that life proceeds through a natural selection that slowly but surely preserves the fittest among the population and destroys the rest, appears increasingly attractive in explaining the growth dynamics of a variety of non- biological organizations such as cities. Such selection proceeds in very small steps that most now agree take place at the genetic level, with the result that those organisms that survive are very well adapted to their environment and to each other. In analogous fashion, cities are one of the best examples of how well adapted designs emerge from what appear to be countless uncoordinated decisions generated from the bottom up that produce order on all scales.

In his book Emergence: The connected lives of Ants, Cities and Software, Steven Johnson presents the city as a manifestation of emergence. The city operates as a dynamic, adaptive system , based on interaction with

10

Termite Cathedral

neighbors, informational feedback loops , pattern recognition and indirect control.’like any emergent system’, notes Johnson, ‘ the city is a pattern in time. Moreover, like any other population composed of large number of smaller discrete elements , such as colonies of ants, flocks of birds, network of neurons or even the global economy, it displays a bottom-up collective intelligence that is more sophisticated than the behavior of its parts. In short, the city operates through a form of swarm intelligence.

It is clear from the outset that whatever computational methodology is adopted it must itself follow the logic of swarm intelligence. In other words, it needs to exceed the capabilities of fractals, L-systems , cellular automata and other systems that operate largely within their own discrete intrinsic logic. Fractals and L-systems are limited for modeling patterns of growth in that they are programmed to behave in a particular way, and in general cannot adjust their behavior in response to external stimuli. Meanwhile, although cellular automata can respond to their neighbors, they are fixed spatially, and therefore tied to certain underlying grids. What we are looking for, then is a multi agent system comprised of intelligent agents interacting with one another and capable of spatial mobility.

Barcelona As Emergent Model Barcelona as a spatial grid might illustrate a comparable example to that of Manhattan. The grid as also undergone several distinguished growth processes throughout a longer history of spatial growth. There might be two or even three divergent growth processes which congregated at a certain point to form the current state of the city. Similar to Manhattan the first one is an emergent product of a bottom up spatial growth which is distinguished as the organic grid of the old city. The second growth phase has been also initiated by imposing a uniform grid in a top down planning concept laid down in 1859. The building of this uniform grid called the "Ensanche" has taken place around the year 1891 and has been conducted in parallel to a third type of growth process. This process might be recognized as the natural growth of the suburban town centers which happened to be close to the periphery of the suggested uniform grid. The Current Spatial structure of Barcelona is a result of the intertwining between the old city, the emergent suburban growth and the pre-planned uniform grid.

City As A Complex System Cities are one of the finest examples of complex systems. Cities display many traits common to complex systems in the biological, physical and chemical worlds. Experiments with fractal geometry and feedback mechanisms in cellular automata have proposed various cellular models of urban theory.

Central to the physics of complex systems is emergence. Emergence refers to the way complex systems and patterns arise out of a multiplicity of relatively simple interactions. An emergent behavior or emergent property can appear when a number of simple entities(individuals) operate in a n environment, forming more complex 11

Morphogenetic Barcelona

behaviors as a collective. Such emergent behavior is usually hard to predict because the number of interactions between components of a system increases combinatorially with the number of components, thus potentially allowing for many new and subtle types of behavior to emerge. Emergent structures appear at many different levels of organization or as spontaneous order. Emergent self organization appears frequently in cities where no planning or zoning entity predetermines the layout of the city.

The process of genetic recombination allows for change in actors and their responses to altered circumstances, explaining the mutation of traits from one generation to another and the natural selection process. Recombinant DNA technology genetically engineers DNA by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together specific DNA fragments usually from more than one species of organism. These DNA spiral code is analogous to some sequencing apparatus in the city and architecture. Processes of sorting, layering, overlapping and combining of disparate elements involved in the recombinant DNA is analogous to the similar process in the field of architecture.

Recombinant Urbanism is a new approach to contemporary practice that proposes urban modeling with enclave, armature and heterotopias as three DNA elements in the urban context. Enclaves are self organizing, self- centering and self regulating systems created by urban actors and are often governed by a rigid hierarchy with set boundary. Armatures are linear systems for sorting sub-elements in the city and arrange them in sequence.

Each armature forms a recognizable topological module aligned in distinct poles. It is clear from the outset that whatever computational methodology is adopted it must itself follow the logic of swarm intelligence. In other words, it needs to exceed the capabilities of fractal, L-systems , cellular automata and other systems that operate largely within their own discrete intrinsic logic. Fractal and L-systems are limited for modeling patterns of growth in that they are programmed to behave in a particular way, and in general cannot adjust their behavior in response to external stimuli. Meanwhile, although cellular automata can respond to their neighbors, they are fixed spatially, and therefore tied to certain underlying grids. What we are looking for, then is a multi agent system comprised of intelligent agents interacting with one another and capable of spatial mobility.

Hypothesis As a hypothesis in this research implies that as the system grows the global topo/ geometric configurations strength then and the local physical configurations concentrate their values. This will lead probably to identify a set of generative rules which contribute to the evolution of existing spatial structures. The efficiency of the expected rules would be tested by applying them to a growth simulation and comparing the results with the existing grid. Future studies will therefore look into enhancing the properties of the growing networks by optimizing spatial depth. The generic model will be later implemented in evolving emergent models which are case sensitive to cities and spatial structures of certain configurations. Such emergent models will help understanding the evolution process of cities and might aid the strategic spatial planning of new integrated urban structures.

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Water Crystals on Mercury

Case Study : Munich Olympic Stadium Often mentioned as a pioneer in lightweight tensile and membrane construction, yet overshadowed in the discipline of architecture, Frei Otto along with Gunther Behnisch collaborated to design the 1972 Munich Olympic Stadium in Munich, Germany. Otto and Behnisch conceptualized a sweeping tensile structure that would flow continuously over the site imitating the draping and rhythmic protrusions of the Swiss Alps. The result is a suspended cloud-like structure that appears to be floating over the site branching in between the natatorium, gymnasium, and the main stadium.

Roof Munich Olympic Stadium : Interior View

The West German Pavilion of the 1967 Montreal Exposition and the huge roofs over several sports structures for the 1972 Munich Olympics were made possible as a result of a series of experiments using soap bubbles ,used to calculate the ideal surface curvature necessary for the massive space to be constructed by the cable net and membrane structures.

Without doubt the most remarkable feature of the stadium and the adjacent buildings is the tensile roof structure .the roof grid over the main stadium is formed by nine saddle shaped nets of 25mm steel cables spaced in a 762mm square grid. The saddle spans up to 65m and reaches a maximum height of 58m. The nets are supported over the seating areas by eight tapering mast behind the stadium, 50-70m tall.

The cable nets are doubly curved saddle shape prevents the canopies from easily fluttering the wind. The total length of steel cable in the complex exceeds 408km and tension loads in the cable net are as much as 5000 tons.

Experimenting

Munich Olympic Stadium : Prototype

Since this project has been executed before our current digital age, all of the calculations had been done by hand. Most of the engineering was also the result of practical experiments, mostlyconducted by frei otto himself, and based on models in varying scales.

Otto started with models of the roof at 1:125 scale. He measured the mechanical forces in the individual wires of the net with gauges he had developed himself. Several fixed cameras recorded both the loaded and unloaded shape of the model for comparative measurements.

As soon as these experiments offered the necessary insight in how these constructions worked and reacted, larger models were built and hand calculations were performed for verification. Therefore, architects and engineers used drawings on 1:10 scale, resulting in 3.800sqm of drawings.

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Munich Olympic Stadium : Design Process

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Form Finding/ Material Intelligence

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Form Finding

Physical Experiments 1 Family 1

Increasing

Anchor point, saddle

Variation 1 (Perpendicular anchors)

Variation 2 (Perpendicular anchors)

Variation 3 (Parallel anchors)

Variation 4 (Parallel anchors)

Variation 2 (Perpendicular anchors)

Variation 3 (Perpendicular anchors)

Variation 4 (Parallel anchors)

Family 2 Variation 1 (Perpendicular anchors)

Anchor point, saddle Increasing

Physical Experiments 1

Extracting anchor lines from bench

Adding elasticity to nets

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Introducing struts

Addition of struts

Physical Experiments

BASIC COMPONENT :Family 1 variation 1.1/ A.1

variation 1.2/ B.2

variation 1.3/ C.3

variation 1.4/ D.4

variation 1.5/ E.5

variation 1.6/ F.6

variation 1.7/ G.7

variation 1.8/ H.8

variation 1.9/ J.9

variation 1.10/ K.10

variation 1.11/ L.11

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BASIC COMPONENT :Family 1 variation 2.1/ A.1

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variation 2.6/ F.6

variation 2.7/ G.7

variation 2.8/ H.8

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variation 2.10/ K.10

variation 2.11/ L.11

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BASIC COMPONENT :Family 1 variation 3.1

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BASIC COMPONENT :Family 2 variation 2.1

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BASIC COMPONENT :Family 2 variation 2.1

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BASIC COMPONENT :Family 2 variation 3.1

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J H

B

A 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

A 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Physical Experiments

BASIC COMPONENT :Family 2 variation 4.1

variation 4.2

variation 4.3

variation 4.4

variation 4.5

anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

L

L

L

K

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

variation 4.6

variation 4.10

variation 4.11

anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

L

K

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

K J

G F E D

C

C

B

B

A 1

11

H

G F E D

C B A

11

L

K J H

G F E D

C B A 1

L

K J H

G F E D

A 1

L

K J H

C B

A 1

L

G F E D

C B

A 4

J

E D

C B

3

H

G F

E D

2

K

J H

G F

1

L

K

J

C B A 1

11

variation 4.9

anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

H

G F E D

C B A

11

variation 4.8

L

H

G F E D

C B A 1

J

H

G F E D

C B A

K

J

J H

G F E D

L

K

K

J H

variation 4.7 anchors 2 lines saddle 2 sides base:height 1:1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

A 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

BASIC COMPONENT :Family 2 variation 5.1

variation 5.2

variation 5.3

variation 5.4

variation 5.5

variation 5.6

variation 5.7

variation 5.8

variation 5.9

variation 5.10

variation 5.11

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 3 sides base:height 1:1

L

L

L

K

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

L

K

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

K

G F E D

C

C

B

B

A 1

11

J

E D

A 2

H

G F

C B

1

L

K J

E D

A 2

H

G F

C B

1

L

K J

E D

A 2

H

G F

C B 1

L

K J H

E D

A 1

L

G F

C B

A 4

J

E D

C B

3

H

G F

E D

2

K

J H

G F

1

L

K

J

A 1

11

H

C B

A 1

L

G

E D

C B

A 1

F

E D

C B

A

H

G F

E D

C B

J

H

G F

E D

K

J

J H

G F

L

K

K

J H

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

A 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

BASIC COMPONENT :Family 2 variation 6.1

variation 6.2

variation 6.3

variation 6.4

variation 6.5

variation 6.6

variation 6.7

variation 6.8

variation 6.9

variation 6.10

variation 6.11

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

anchors 3 lines saddle 4 sides base:height 1:1

L

L

L

K

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

20

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

L

K

K J H

G

G

F

F

E

E

D

C

D

C

B

C

B

A

A 3

J

D

C B

2

H

G F E

E D

1

L

K J H

G F

C B A 1

L

K J H

G F E D

C B A 1

L

K J H

G F E D

C B A 1

L

K J H

G F E D

C B A 1

L

K J H

G F E D

C B A 1

L

H

G F E D

C B A 1

J

H

G F E D

C B A

K

J

J H

G F E D

L

K

K

J H

B

A 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

A 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

11

Conclusions From Physical Experiments

21

Component Origin

Family 2 : Variation 6.6

The scale of base and top informs degree of curvature.

Introducing elasticity in the net connecting anchors.

The height of module informing depth of module and growth of system

The rotation of module is result of tensegrity of system.

Module Components

ca cb ba

13.06 14.63 12.8

cf fe be

16.98 22.5 18.59

fd ed ad

22.9 29.26 18.05

Cables The two triangles with their connection from a closed network of cables in tension.

fb ae cd

Struts The wooden struts inside the system are in pure compression.

15 15 15

Fabric Fabric is added after modules are connected.

Tensegrity, tensional integrity or oating compression, is a structural principle based on the use of isolated components in compression inside a net of continuous tension, in such a way that the compressed members (usually bars or struts) do not touch each other and the prestressed tensioned members (usually cables or tendons) delineate the system spatially 22

Tensegrity Module Explorations

23

Tensegrity 3 Strut Module

Compression Tension

Tensegrity is based on the use of isolated components in compression inside a net of continuous tension. This is achieved in such a way that the compressed members, usually bars or struts, do not touch each other and the pre-stressed tensioned members (usually cables or tendons) delineate the system spatially.

24

Tensegrity 3 Strut Module top triangle

d

e

5 elastic loops : size 5

f

fabric

caps

b

a

3 struts : 150mm long 6mm dia

c

d

d

e

struts

e f

f

6 caps : 6mm dia

elastic loop b

a

c

fabric : triangles various sizes d e f

b

a

elastic loop

c

25

Physical Experiments

BASIC MODULE experiment 1 anchor points moving points observation points

a d b, c, e, f

26

BASIC MODULE experiment 2 anchor points moving points observation points

a d, e b, c, f

27

BASIC MODULE experiment 3 anchor points moving points observation points

a, b d c, e, f

28

BASIC MODULE experiment 4 anchor points moving points observation points

a, b, c d, e, f

29

Conclusions From Physical Experiments

BASIC MODULE

BASIC MODULE

experiment 1

experiment 3

anchor points moving points observation points

anchor points moving points observation points

a d b, c, e, f

BASIC MODULE

BASIC MODULE

experiment 2

experiment 4

anchor points moving points observation points

anchor points moving points observation points

a d, e b, c, f

30

a, b d c, e, f

a, b, c d, e, f

Physical Experiments with benchmark for more precision

31

Physical Experiments readings

f11 f10

d

d1

d2

d 3 d4

d5

d6 f8 f7 f6

d9 d10 a

a

d6

e

e2 e1

f9

e6 e5 e3 e4

f

c f1

f2 c1

f3 c2

f4 c3

f5

f6

c4 c5

d

c6

d1

d2

d3

d7 d8

f4

f5

f3

d4 d5

f2

e11

f1 c

c1

c2

cf3

c4 c5

c6

c7

c8

c9 e9

b

b

b1

b4 b2 b3

b5

b9 b10 b6 b7 b8

e3 e2 e1 e

1 strut moving

2 strut moving, 1 manually, second free

32

e6

e4

e5

e7

e8

c10

e10

Parametrization of Module

Parametrization of movement of modules based on conclusions from physical experiments performed on benchmark.

Modules with different algorithms. video : https://vimeo.com/134024311 33

Proliferations

34

Proliferation of Modules Experiments

35

Proliferation of Modules

module 1

module 2

module 3

module 4

module 9

module 9

fixed lengths struts : 150 mm ae : 140mm

fixed lengths struts : 150 mm ae : 130mm

fixed lengths struts : 150 mm ae : 120mm

fixed lengths struts : 150 mm ae : 110mm

fixed lengths struts : 150 mm ae : 60mm

fixed lengths struts : 150 mm ae : 50mm d

d

d

f

f

f

e

f

e

d

d

d

f

f e

e e e

b a

c

b

a

c

a

b

a

c

b

a

b a

c

b

c c

36

connection between 2 struts

1 module

1 module + 2 module

1 module + 2 module + 3 module

37

1 module + 2 module + 3 module + 4 module

Layer 1

connection between 2 struts

diagram showing connections of 10 modules to form a layers.

38

Proliferation of Layers

connection between 2 struts connection between 4 struts

diagram showing connections of two layers with 10 modules each

39

diagram showing elastic loops and cables connection

diagram showing ďŹ xed cables connection

diagram showing connections of struts

diagram showing location of every point in space

40

Proliferation of Layers : Prototypes Generation 1 Experiments

41

Proliferation of Layers : Prototypes Generation 1 Experiments

42

Big Prototype Generation 1 : Algorithm For Proliferation of Layers

FORMULA

SET NAME

H

H-1 (H=14) n=10 (n-1)/(n-1)+1

L1

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

L2

14

12.60

11.34

10.21

9.19

8.27

7.44

7.2

(n-2)/(n-2)+1

L3

14

12.44

11.06

9.83

8.74

7.77

6.91

(n-3)/(n-3)+1

L4

14

12.25

10.72

9.38

8.21

7.18

(n-4)/(n-4)+1

L5

14

12

10.29

8.82

7.56

(n-5)/(n-5)+1

L6

14

11.67

9.72

8.10

(n-6)/(n-6)+1

L7

14

11.20

8.96

(n-7)/(n-7)+1

L8

14

10.5

(n-8)/(n-8)+1

L9

14

n=10 (n+1)/(n+1)+1

L1.1

14

(n+2)/(n+2)+1

L1.2

14

(n+3)/(n+3)+1

L1.3

14 14

(n+4)/(n+4)+1

L1.4

(N+5)/(n+5)+1

L1.5

(n+6)/(n+6)+1

L1.6

14 14 14

Module1

Module2

Module3 Module4 Module5 Module6

Mo7

8

9

10

11

5

4

3

6.3

5.4

4.5

3.6

6.14

5.46

4.85

4.44

3.56

6.28

5.50

4.81

4.21

3.68

3.22

6.48

5.55

4.76

4.08

3.50

3.00

2.57

6.75

5.63

4.69

3.91

3.26

2.71

2.26

1.88

7.17

5.73

4.59

3.67

2.94

2.35

1.88

1.50

1.20

7.88

5.91

4.43

3.32

2.49

1.87

1.40

1.05

0.79

0.59

9.33

6.22

4.15

2.77

1.84

1.23

0.82

0.55

0.36

0.24

0.16

12.83333333 12.8 12.92307692 12.9 13 13 13.06666667 13.06 13.125 13.1 13.17647059 13.1 13.22 13.2

11.7638889 11.7 11.9289941 11.9 12.0714286 12.1 12.1955556 12.19 12.3046875 12.3 12.4013841 12.4 12.49 12.4

10.78356 10.8 11.01138 11 11.14286 11.1 11.38252 11.38 11.53564 11.5 11.67189 11.6 11.79 11.7

9.884934 9.9 10.16435 10.2 10.21429 10.2 10.62368 10.62 10.81467 10.8 10.98531 10.9 11.14 11.1

9.06119 9.1 9.382477 9.3 9.285714 9.3 9.915438 9.91 10.13875 10.1 10.33911 10.3 10.52 10.5

8.306091 8.3 8.660748 8.7 8.357143 8.4 9.254409 9.25 9.505078 9.5 9.730931 9.7 9.94 9.9

7.613916 7.6 7.994537 8 7.428571 7.4 8.637449 8.6 8.911011 8.9 9.158524 9.15 9.38 9.3

6.979423 6.9 7.379572 7.4 6.5 6.5 8.061619 8 8.354073 8.3 8.619787 8.6 8.86 8.8

6.397805 5.864654 5.375933 6.4 5.8 5.4 6.811913 6.287919 5.804233 6.8 6.3 5.8 5.571429 4.642857 3.714286 5.6 4.6 3.7 7.524177 7.5 7.831943 7.8 8.112741 8.1 8.37 8.3

(n+7)/(n+7)+1

L1.7

(n+8)/(n+8)+1

L1.8

14

13.26

12.57

11.90

11.28

10.68

10.12

9.59

9.08

8.61

(n+9)/(n+9)+1

L1.9

14

13.30

12.64

12.00

11.40

10.83

10.29

9.78

9.29

8.82

43

Diagrammatic Plan For Proliferation of Layers

44

Big Prototype Generation 1

connection between 2 struts connection between 4 struts rotation of connection between 4 struts

diagram showing elastic loops and cables connection

diagram showing ďŹ xed cables connection

diagram showing connections of struts

diagram showing location of every point in space

47

Big Prototype Generation 1

48

49

50

51

Controlled Engineering/ Digital Tectonics

52

Actuation Of Single Module

module : actuator on one vertical connection.

module : actuator on two vertical connection.

module : actuator on three vertical connection.

actuating vertical cables, by changing its length (pull/ push) - its effects on rest of the system

53

Actuation Of Layers

option 1 actuator at the end of the vertical cable.

option 2 actuator on struts (hollow pipe as strut).

option 3 actuator on triangles base.

54

Prototype Generation 2 Experiments

55

Prototype Generation 2 Experiments

56

Prototype Generation 2

Prototype : Plan

1

1-3

1-2

1-1

1-4

1-5 1-6 1-7

2

3

2-2

2-1

3-1

2-3

3-2

2-4

3-3

2-5

3-4

2-6

3-5

2-7

3-6 3-7

4

5

6

7

4-1

5-1

4-2

4-3

4-5

5-4

5-3

5-2

4-4

6-2

6-3

6-4

7-2

7-3

7-4

5-5

5-7

6-6

7-6

7-5

3

5-6

7-7

7-1

2

4-7

6-7 6-5

6-1

1

4-6

5

4 57

6

7

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

1

3

2

5

4

6

7

1

Elastic Connections

3

2

5

4

6

7

Base Triangles

1

1

1-3

1-2

1-1

1-4

1-5 1-6

2

2

3

3

1-7 2-2

2-1

3-1

2-3

3-2

2-4

3-3

2-5

3-4

2-6

3-5

2-7

3-6 3-7

4

4

4-1

5

5

5-1

6

6

6-1

7

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

4-2

4-3

6-2

6-3

6-4

7-2

7-3

7-4

1

58

4-5

5-5

3

4-7

5-6

5-7

6-6

7-7 7-6

7-5

2

4-6

6-7 6-5

7-1

Rubber Flexible Joints

Fixed Struts (200mm Length- 8mm Dia)

5-4

5-3

5-2

4-4

4

5

6

7

Prototype Generation 2 : Physical Model

59

Transformations : Physical Experiments

cable 2 active

cable 3 active

cable 6 active

cable 7 active

cable 4 active

1 and 7 cables active

video : https://vimeo.com/134024317 60

cable 5 active

2 and 6 cables active

3 and 5 cables active

12 and 67 cables active

123 and 567cables active

v.layer 3 cables active

v.layer 4 cables active

v.layer 5 cables active

61

v.layer 2 cables active

Parameterization of Physical Experiments

62

Transformations : Digital Experiments

7 cable active

3 cables active

5 cables active

6 cables active

1 cables active

2 cables active

video : https://vimeo.com/134024314 63

4 cables active

cable 1 active

cable 2 active

cable 3 active

cable 6 active

cable 7 active

cable 4 active

1 and 7 cables active

64

cable 5 active

2 and 6 cables active

Transformation 1

Plan : Overlap Of First and Last Transformations

Elevation : Overlap Of Different Transformations

movement 1

movement 2

movement 3

movement 4

movement 5

movement 6

movement 7

7 Cables moving

65

1

1-3

1-2

1-1

1-4

1-5 1-6

2

1-7 2-2

2-1

2-3

2-4

2-5

2-6

1

2-7

2

3

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-4

3-5

3-6

3

3-7

4

5

4-1

5-1

4-2

4-3

5-4

5-3

5-2

4-4

4-5

5-5

4-6

4-7

5-6

4

5-7

5

6

7

6-2

6-3

6-4

7-2

7-3

7-4

6-7 6-5

6-1

6 7-7 7-6

7-5

7-1

1

6-6

2

3

4

5

7

6

7

7-3

7-2

7-4

1

7-6

7-5

7-1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Graphical Representation Of Movement Of Joints, Base Position

Graphical Representation Of Movement Of Joints, Transformed Morphology

Prototype, Base Position

Prototype, Transformation In Morphology When All Cables Are Tensed At Same Rate

66

Transformations : Digital and Physical Experiments

servo motor

fire fly

digital model physical model

light sensor 10k

performance in digital as well as physical proto when value of sensor changes

Digital Model : starting position

Physical Model : starting position

Digital Model : final position

video : https://vimeo.com/134024312 video : https://vimeo.com/134024315 67

Physical Model : final position

Transformations : Human interaction with system

Starting position

Final position

video : https://vimeo.com/134024042 68

69

Abiotic Architecture In Urban Fringes

70

Site Visit : La Sagrera

71

Google Map : La Sagrera

72

Site Observations : studying connectivity between the two neighborhoods

Gardens and Sport Centers

metro stops

M M

M M

M

M

M

M

M M

73

Restaurants and Hotels

Final Site

74

Cartography Step 1 Selection of nodes

Step 2 Selecting centre points

Step 3 DeďŹ ning connection Between the points

Connect nodes 1-4 with all nodes 5-15

Select shortest paths within a range of 200m to 400m Walking distance

Identify the building in these shortest paths

Step 4 Based on area program and requirements, raise these points to desired heights.

75

Selection Of Nodes

Node 1

Node 1 detail

Node points : Where central axis of roads meet.

Node area : 100 m radius at each junction Nodes : Parts where two or more roads meet.

76

Node 1 - 16

Node 1 - 2

77

Connecting Nodes

Connecting node 2 points to nodes of St.Marti

Connecting node 1 points to nodes of St.Marti

78

Connecting node 4 points to nodes of St.Marti

Connecting node 3 points to nodes of St.Marti

79

Selecting Connections

Selecting connections between range of 150m - 350m between La Sagrera and St.Marti nodes

Selecting connections between range of 150m - 350m between La Sagrera and St.Marti nodes

80

Intersection points

Creating points at intersection of connections with central axis of tracks

24m

0m

81

82

Operative Cartography

83

Cartography : Nodes

Perspective view

84

Operative Cartography : Connections between range of 150m - 350m between La Sagrera and St.Marti nodes

85

Operative Cartography : Final curves connecting La Sagrera to St.Marti : After Considering Parasite Buildings

86

Operative Cartography : Creating surface between the lines of connecting nodes

87

Operative Cartography : Applying tensegrity system on the achieved surfaces.

88

Operative Cartography : Giving height to intersection points wrt. railway tracks and platforms

24m

0m

89

Operative Cartography : Moving intersection points vertically to the required heights

90

Operative Cartography : Changing the algorithm of system to achieve required height wrt. the 3d points

91

Operative Cartography : Changing the algorithm of system to achieve required height wrt. the 3d points

92

Operative Cartography : Program Over view

93

Operative Cartography : Final Morphology

94

Plan

95

Connection 6 Entry

Connection 5 (Main Hall) Entry Connection 4 Entry

Connection 2-3 Entry

Connection 1 Entry

96

Program Distribution : Commercial Zone

Commercial Zone

Commercial Zone

97

Program Distribution : Restaurant Zone

Restaurant Zone

Commercial Zone

Restaurant Zone

98

Program Distribution : Circulation

Commercial Zone

Circulation/ Open terrace

Restaurant Zone

99

Program Distribution : Open Terrace connection to ground

Commercial Zone

Circulation/ Open terrace

Restaurant Zone

100

Catalogue Of Spaces : Part Sections

Arm 1: Part horizontal

Arm 3: Part horizontal

Arm 5: Part horizontal

Arm 2: Part ground connection

Arm 4: Parasite building

Arm 6: Part connection

Site: Longitudinal Sec.

101

102

Performative Capacities

103

Performative Capacities Daily temperature Humidity wind astronomy condition 5 day forecast etc .

DATA

INERTIA

RECEPTION OF DATA

SYSTEM

SUN ANGLE

SYSTEM BEHAVIOUR -Ability to sense and react to different stimuli.

-Ability to creat Architectural space -Ability to function in small and large poliferations.

-Ability to express change in configratution at Local and global level.

PRE-PROCESSED

SENSORING

DATA

DECODING

HOUR -DAY-MONTH -YEAR

REAL TIME DATA

ACTUATOR

INDIVIDUAL ACTUATION

ACTUATOR

RESULT

RESULT

BACKEND ANALYSIS

Goal is to have an ambient weather condition inside the station , through response of structure and skin under given data conditions.

104

FIRST AGENT (END USER)

LOCAL

LOCAL CHANGE

CHANGE

SECOND AGENT (ENCLOSED SPACE)

THIRD AGENT (BUILDING ENVELOPE) FOURTH AGENT (ENVIRONMENT)

GLOBAL CHANGE

GLOBAL CHANGE

Reconfiguration of the internal space (why & how) • How to manage conflict between individual user and central control?

• How to reduce the delay of response, in order to implement real time interactivity?

20M

20M

15M

15M

10M

10M INITIAL POSITION

5M

5M INTERIA - 0

50M

100M

150M

200M

50M

CIRCULATION

105

100M

150M

200M

HIGH SPEED

Transformation of system over the year

106

Physical Experiment for Transformations

107

Application on ďŹ nal morphology

Winters

Summers

Areas used as open terrace

Areas transformed to act as shaded open terraces for hot summers

video : https://vimeo.com/134024048 108

Transformation : Part Detail

Commercial Area Open Terrace/ Circulation

Winters

Summers

video : https://vimeo.com/134024037 video : https://vimeo.com/134024038 109

Render Views

Proposed Tensegri[city] : Site Perspective View

110

111

Proposed Tensegri[city] : Station Arm with Parasite building view.

112

113

Proposed Tensegri[city] : Station Arm with Parasite building view.

114

115

Proposed Tensegri[city] : First Arm Terrace View

116

117

Fabrication

118

Selected Area For 1:60 Scale Part Detailed Prototype

119

1:60 Scale Part Detailed Prototype

120

Prototype Assembling Planning

D42

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F25 F23 F21 F19 F17 F13 F11 F9 F7 F5 F29 F27 F15 F28 F26 F24 F22 F20 F18 F16 F14 F12 F10 F8 F6 90 399

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D1

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476

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485

486

H13 H11 H9 H7 H5 H29 H27 H25 H23 H21 H19 H17 H15 H28 H26 H24 H22 H20 H18 H16 H14 H12 H10 H8 H6 352

129 128

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361

391

357 356

359

360

383

347 348

362

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364

384

385

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363

484

487

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395

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4 5

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gr6

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gr5

gr3 gr4

gr1 gr2

Fabrication Process

3D Printing of Joints for 1:60 scale Prototype.

Vacuuming of Surfaces of Arm for 1:2000 scale Prototype.

CNC Milling of Site for 1:2000 scale Prototype.

122

1:60 Scale Part Detail Prototype

123

1:2000 Scale Site Prototype

124

Bibliography

Recommended Readings Steven Johnson: Emergence: The connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities and Software. Penguin Books.(2001).

Michael Hensel, Achim Menges: Morpho-Ecologies. 2006 Architectural Association and the authors.

Jordi Truco: PARA-Site. Time Based Formations Through Material Inteligence. Elisava 2011 John Frazer. An Evolutionary architecture. London. Architectural Association Publications, Themes VII. 1995. (free download) http://www.aaschool.ac.uk/publications/ea/intro.html Dan O’Sullivan and Tom Igoe. Physical Computing. Sensing and Controlling the Physical World with Computers. Boston. Thomson Course Technology PTR. 2004 Casey Reas and Ben Fry (Foreword by John Maeda )Processing: A Programming Handbook for Visual Designers and Artists. 2007, MIT Press Lucy Bullivant. Responsive Environments: architecture, art and design. V&A Contemporaries Lucy Bullivant . 4dsocial: Interactive Design Environments. Architectural Design Lucy Bullivant . 4dspace: Interactive Architecture. Architectural Design Robert Kronenburg . Flexible: Architecture that Responds to Change.

Philip Beesley; Sachiko Hirosue; Jim Ruxton; Marion Trankle; Camille Turner; Responsive Architectures : Subtle Technologies . Riverside Architectural Press Tom Igoe . Making Things Talk: Practical Methods for Connecting Physical Objects. O'Reilly Media / Make

Online Publications Interactive architecture http://www.interactivearchitecture.org Spatial robots

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http://www.spatialrobots.com Robotecture. Interactive architecture http://robotecture.com/ Nanoarchitecture.net Publicación sobre nanotecnología enofada a arquitectos y diseñadores http://nanoarchitecture.net/

Projects Jordi Truco y Silvia Felipe. Hybgrid http://hybrid-a.blogspot.com/2008/07/hybgrid.html Philip Beesley http://www.philipbeesleyarchitect.com Krets http://www.krets.org/splinegraft.php ORAMBRA. Office for Robotic Architectural Media & Bureau for Responsive Architecture http://www.orambra.com/ dECOi. Aegis hyposurface

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ELISAVA 2 0 1 4

Escola Superior de Disseny i Enginyeria de Barcelona

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2 0 1 5