Islands by Jason Kim

ISLANDS

PREFACE... Throughout history, the idea of the island as a world unto itself has remained firm in the public imagination – from Sir Thomas More’s Island Utopia (a world of societal harmony) to Coney Island (a world of pleasure) to “Lost” (a world where anything is possible.) Within architecture and urbanism, the island city has also featured prominently in visions of a future world – most particularly with the Metabolists, but also with thinkers such as Rem Koolhaas where the island motif has recurred, beginning with the projects and illustrations accompanying Delirious New York and continuing through to AMO’s artificial island proposed for Schipol Airport.

prove to be a model for future urban development.

Today, the idea of an “island” can also encompass the creation of a self-sufficient and sustainable world-an autarchic solution to current environmental issues. These “islands” are not necessarily separated from the world by water but rather through their denial to “plug in” to established infrastructures. “Sustainable Island” projects include the notorious failure Biosphere 2 of the early 1990’s, MVRDV’s Hanover Pavilion and WORKac’s Public Farm 1 – all different visions of a selfcontained self-sufficient universe. While a complete break with the earth itself as proposed in the Biosphere project may well be an impossible dream, the idea of a self-sufficient man-made ecosystem that conversely interacts in some way with established cities or infrastructure may well

As one of the world’s largest cities, New York has plenty of environmental concerns, but one of the largest challenges the city will face because of climate change comes from this island condition – the problems associated with rising water levels, hurricane surges and increasing floods as detailed in the current exhibition “Rising Currents” at MoMA and associated research conducted by Guy Nordensen, Adam Yarinsky and Catherine Seavitt in their book “On the Water – Palisade Bay.” Our studio this semester will begin with research into New York’s Islands, their history, condition and potential – as well as these environmental issues and their impact on the islands and waterways of the city. We will then narrow our focus to Governor’s Island – the newest site of

New York City is also a city of islands. Manhattan may be the most famous, and Staten Island and Long Island (containing Brooklyn and Queens) may be the largest – but there are dozens of smaller islands within the city as well, ranging from U Thant, a man-made island created from dirt excavated while digging tunnels under the East River, to Hart Island, site in the 1950’s of a Nike missile base, to Riker’s Island, the region’s largest and most notorious prison. Others include Rat Island, the Chimney Sweeps and Liberty Island, the site of the Statue.

projective vision on the future of NYC – and the design of an “Island School;” a self-sufficient and self-contained research facility and school that will provide housing, food, energy, waste treatment and clean water not only for itself, but for inhabitants and users of the island as a whole. This facility will be conceived of as having two “lives:” both as a contemporary structure allowing Governor’s Island to “plug out” from the rest of NYC and as an experimental structure designed to withstand, survive and thrive 100 or 500 years in the future. -Dan Wood with Sam Dufaux

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Island Map Aerial Images of Islands Island Scale Relationship Island Key Category Key Staten Island 1. Staten Island 2. Isle of Meadows 3. Prall’s Island 4. Shooter’s Island 5. Hoffman Island 6. Swineburne Island Brooklyn 7. Coney Island 8. Canarsie Pol Queens 9. Broad Channel Island Long Island 10. Long Island Bronx 11. Riker’s Island 12. North Brother Island 13. South Brother Island 14. City Island 15. Hart Island 16. Rat Island 17. Twin Island 18. Hunter Island Manhattan 19. Randall’s/Ward’s Island 20. Manhattan 21. Mill Rock 22. Roosevelt Island 23. U Thant Island 24. Ellis Island 25. Liberty Island 26. Governor’s Island Conclusion Diagrams Island Size Diagram Island Land Use Diagram Influnce of Rober Moses on NYC Diagram Ethnic Demographic Diagram Age Demographic Diagram Artificial .vs. Natural Island Diagram Island Reverse Pangea Diagram Island Comparison Timeline Diagram

Staten Island 1. Staten Island 2. Isle of Meadows 3. Prall’s Island 4. Shooter’s Island 5. Hoffman Island 6. Swineburne Island

Brooklyn 7. Coney Island 8. Canarsie Pol

Queens

9. Broad Channel Island

Long Island 10. Long Island

Bronx

11. Riker’s Island 12. North Brother Island 13. South Brother Island 14. City Island 15. Hart Island 16. Rat Island 17. Twin Island 18. Hunter Island

24 25

Manhattan 19. Randall’s/Ward’s Island 20. Manhattan 21. Mill Rock 22. Roosevelt Island 23. U Thant Island 24. Ellis Island 25. Liberty Island 26. Governor’s Island

3 7 2 5 1

18 17 16 15 14

13 12 11

8 9

1:500,000

Miles 20

Staten

Meadows

Coney

Swinburne

Rikers

Rat

Canarsie Pol

North Brother

Randalls, Wardâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

Hunter, Twin

Roosevelt

U Thant / Belmont

Pralls

Shooters

Broad Channel

South Brother

Long

City

Manhattan

Ellis

Hoffman

Hart

Mill Rock

Liberty

Governorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

littlest U Thant / Belmont Island

Swinburne

Rat Island

Mill Rock Island

little

medium Prall’s Island

Rikers Islan

South Brother Island

Hoffman Island

Isle of Meadows

Randall’s Isl

Twin Island

Liberty Island

Hart Island

North Brother

Wards Islan

Ellis Island Governors Island

Shooters Island

City Island Hunters Island

Canarsie Pol

5000 ft

big

bigger Roosevelt Island

land

Broad Channel

Coney Island

bigges

Manhattan

10,000 ft

Staten Island

Long Island

Long Island LI

Long Island

Queens QN

Broad Channel Island

Brooklyn

Staten Island SI

Canarsie Pol

Prall’s Island

Hoffman Island

North Brother Island

Hart Island

Ward’s Island

Hunter Island

U-Thant Island

City Island

Randall’s Island BX

Staten Island

Randall’s Island

Swineburne Island

Isle of Meadows

Governor’s Island

Twin Island

Shooter’s Island

Manhattan

Coney Island

Bronx

Riker’s Island

Roosevelt Island

Rat Island

Ellis Island BX

South Brother Island

Mill Rock Island MN

Liberty Island MN

Manhattan

Influence of Robert Moses

NO-MOSES

LOW-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

Building Use Over Time

HOSPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

MUSEUM

Island Infrastructure

BUS

CAR

FERRY

SMALL BOAT

PLANE

TRAM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

Land Use Over Tme

AGRICULTURE

BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

CEMETERY

LANDFILL

Staten Island

3. Prall’s Island

4. Shooter’s Island

5. Hoffm 2. Isle of Meadows

1. Staten Island

man Island

6. Swineburne Island

1.5

Miles

Staten Island

The Forgotten

CAR

FERRY

TRAIN

1783 d

B by d se U BUS

N at ta tc k fo r rit is h

rs tD Fi

Hybrid

MAXIMUM-MOSES

ttl em ut ch

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

37,807 Acres 39,960 ft x 15,840 ft Staten Island 491,730 Lower/Upper Bay City of New York 800 ft. to Newark

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1776

1700

1661

1609

1600

Staten Island

Staten Island was first visited in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano. The land was eventually settled in 1661 by Dutch settlers. The island played a significant role during the Revolutionary War. The British used this island to launch an attack on New York City in 1776. The towns and villages after the war were dissolved in 1898 with the consolidation of the City of Greater New York. More recently, the island opened a landfill for the residents of New York City in 1947. This landfill called “fresh kills” had an adverse impact in the development of its topography. The landfill was closed in 2001 and it has since been cleaned up and treated in an attempt to help preserve its coastline and wetlands. Today, the island is a steadily growing community and is the most suburban of the five boroughs of New York City.

Postcard of Staten Island

RESIDENTIAL

Aerial View INDUSTRIAL

Location Map

View from the Hills above Stapleton

Outline Plan & Index 1874

to o

k C ove lo r ve th s e La pl ke an U se Ex nin d pr g o a es f s Th a sw the e l a ay U n S WWII df END OF N ill av fo y rN bu ew ilt a Yo m N rk ilit YC C ar ity y C ba lo se s St e d at ca th io lle e n la N dN nd ew a fil Yo val la rk fte rS ep t.1 1 at ta ck s

END OF CIVIL C WAR on so lid at io n N w ew it Yo h th rk e C gre ity a ar ter ea

Sl av ce ery le in WAR OF 1812 bra Ne te w d in Yo W rk es sta t B te rig w ht as on

Bayonne

2001

2000

1980

1945 1945 1947

1900

1898

1865

1827

1812

1800

MILITARY DUMPSTER

Upper Bay

Fort Hamilton

Carteret

Sewaren

Lower Bay

Miles

Governor’s Island Size

Hoffman Island

Twin Island

Natural

TRAIN LOW-MOSES

PLANE

Hunter Island

NO ACCESS

TRAM

MILITARY SI

MEDIUM-MOSES

TRAIN

Hunter Island

RESIDENTIAL MN

RECREATION

Twin Island

Coney Island

Prall’s Island

Isle of Meadows is a natural island Mill Rock Island Manhattan Manhattan situated in the borrough of Staten Island in the midst of Arther Kill. Once known as “Dead Man’s Island due to a deadly ship NB MN LI wreck, it later earned the name of Meadow of Salt. Once connected physically to Staten Island by means of footbridge, the island became unconnected when the footbridge was destroyed in a storm in 1929. North Brother Island Liberty Island Liberty Island

City Island

UN-INHABITED

MUSEUM

Coney Island

SPORTS

PRISON

1783

Coney Island

BIRD SANCTUARY

RESIDENTIAL

1768

1609

Liberty Island PRISON

Broad Channel Island

AGRICULTURE

1700

Isle of Meadows

Hart Island

MILITARY

Dump Preservation

Manhattan 100 Acres 2030 ft x 1650 ft Staten Island 0 LI Arther Kill City of New York MAXIMUM-MOSES 620 ft to S. Island

Dimensions Borough MAXIMUM-MOSES BX Population Body of Water Ownership MEDIUM-MOSES Dist. from Land Natural or Artificial

INDUSTRIAL

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

HOSPITAL

N ic k cr nam as e he d d “D in e to ad th M e is an la ’s nd Is , c la a u nd si ” w ng h a en sh a ip fe w rr re y ck

Land Use Over Time

Hoffman Island

Isle of Meadows

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

Isle of Meadows

1600

Building Use Over Time

Long Island

Mill Rock Island

North Brother Island

MNthe sanitation department MN In 1940, proposed to join the island to the mainland. However, it sadly became one of the largest landfills in the world for New MAXIMUM-MOSES York City. Now a waste dystopia, the island is currently being redeveloped as a NO ACCESS Ellis Island Ellis Island part of a masterplan for Fresh Kills Park.

PRISON

UN-INHABITED

FERRY Island Shooter’s

SMALL BOAT Roosevelt

RECREATION

MEDIUM

Island

SPORTS

HIGH

PLANE Roosevelt

Island

TRAM

Roosevelt IslandTRAIN

ACCESS Randall’sNO Island

Randall’s Island

Rat Island

UN-INHABITED

Fresh Kills Masterplan aerial visualization

Aerial photo of Isle of Meadows

2000

1998

GRAVE YARD

of Tod a ay si , t te h fo e is r t la he n Fr d is es b h ein K g ill d s ev Pa e rk lop M ed as a te s p rp a r la t n

UN-INHABITED

1945

SPORTS

1940

PRISON

END OF WWII

RESIDENTIAL

1929

RECREATION

1900

BIRD SANCTUARY

MILITARY

ic a to l br St id a t ge en c Is onn la e nd ct is ing de Is st le ro o O ye f M ffi ci d al in ead ly a o be st w co or s m m es a la nd fil l

AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL

1865

END OF CIVIL WAR

HOSPITAL

1812

WAR OF 1812

1800 r Time MUSEUM

r Time DUMPSTER

1:500

0.005

0.01

Miles 0.02

1:2500

0.025

0.05

Miles 0.1

Building Use Over Time

PRALL’S ISLAND

HOSPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

Toxic Oasis Land Use Over Time

FERRY

NO ACCESS

TRAIN NO-MOSES

INDUSTRIAL

CAR

BIRD SANCTUARY

HOSPITAL

AGRICULTURE

SMALL BOAT

LOW-MOSES

MILITARY

BUS

FERRY

RECREATION

INDUSTRIAL

BIRD SANCTUARY

pr om

After years of environmental degradation in the Arthur Kill, Prall’s island has emerged as a thriving habitat for thousands of herons, egrets, and ibis. The undesirable landscape of Prall’s Island’s surrounding heavy industry, oil refineries, MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES and ship traffic has left it in relative obscurity. It’s isolation has situated it to be an ideal bird habitat. One of New York’s most polluted, industrial waterways has become home to one of the city’s most wild and PLANE TRAM TRAIN natural areas. Nearly a quarter of all longlegged waders breeding along the coasts of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut breed on this area. MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES

RESIDENTIAL

SMALL BOAT

SPORTS

MILITARY

RECREATION

NO ACCESS

View Looking South

MUSEUM

PRISON

PLANE

TRAM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

UN-INHABITED

RESIDENTIAL

SPORTS

PRISON

UN-IN

1783

us d an Is l

MAXIMUM-MOSES

SPORTS

in Cu a n rr t l en oc t a l na fa m m e ily to w ok ho ho END OF REVOLUTIONARY liv ld, WAR ed lik on ely St de at riv en e Is d

n' s ga on D

80.3 Acres 1,260’ x 4,480’ Staten Island 0 Arthur Kill City of New York LOW-MOSES 1000’ to Staten Isl. Natural; partial dredging deposit

CAR

RECREATION

Is la n G d ed ov na to er m ne ed fa rm rT a ho fte sa m rN lt as ew ha D Y y, on o us ga rk ed n as fa rm fe ed

1688

1609 HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

1600

Size Dimensions Borough Population Body of Water Ownership MOSES Dist. from Land Natural or Artificial

BIRD SANCTUARY

1700

AGRICULTURE

Prall’s Island

MUSEUM

Current Conditions

UN-INHABITED

Image Showing Surrounding Landscape

Current Conditions

INDUSTRIAL

2000

1990

AGRICULTURE

1984

HOSPITAL

1978

MUSEUM

1972

UN-INHABITED

1960

1945

1916

SPORTS

1910

RECREATION

PRISON

1900

RESIDENTIAL

1880’s

D SANCTUARY

1865

MILITARY

y he Is av l y m an in d a ENDteOFw CIVIL WAR du ria as st ld e ry re xp is Th an la e dg an d nd ci ed d , p ty e fro d ro pro t m o m p pt os th its in e e c g d Ar u de bu th rre ur n ba ild te ing Ki t s ll iz ov a C e er ga ha fr is rb nn om la a el nd ge s fa ow c ne ility an Wa rs o d ter hi n ot s p he o p rm o ar llut in ed e co C life it c 19 nd lea th ou 78 iti n at ld o n W m n’ ex s at a t s ot D to e ny u ep ic r ar I bi a sup Ac of sta s th in r tm la d ttr p t e t END OF e WWII n s a o e Ex nt d w dis cte rt a nac bir he xo to b as co d b qu ted ds fis n e a ve ird atic , im ea h t s oi p s l s res sig red to life pro er ne n th w ve pi e e h v ll ne ed d to stin are ich d as t g a ar h o is la a w e N n i nd ild Y sla li C n ki lls fe r Pa d ov efu rk er g s 70 e 0 bi rd s

1812

1800 IAL

A sh rea ip do pi ng mi tra nat ffi ed c b

WAR OF 1812

sl .

Building Use Over Time MILITARY

BIRD SANCTUARY

RESID

Land Use Over Time RECREATION

1:500 0 0.005 0.01 Miles 0.02

1:2500 0 0.025 0.05 Miles 0.1

1:10,000 0 0.1 0.2 Miles 0.4

1:15,000

0.15

0.3

Miles 0.6

1:35,000

0.35

0.7

Miles 1.4

SI/NJ

HOSPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

HAVEN ISLAND

MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

MUSEUM

PRISON

1763

pr es er ve av en fo rs pi es es ,h

tin g un H

es sa g m tf or in po of ro p D

43 Acres 1368 ft x 966 ft Staten Island/NJ 0 New York Bay City of New York 0.14 mile Staten Island LOW-MOSES Hybrid

MEDIUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

CAR

FERRY

NO-MOSES TRAIN

NO ACCESS

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

BUS

CAR

BIRD SANCTUARY

HOSPITAL

AGRICULTURE

SMALL BOAT

LOW-MOSES

RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

TRAIN

MAXIMUM-MOSES

PLANE

TRAM

UN-INHABITED

RESIDENTIAL

SPORTS

NO ACCESS

MUSEUM

PRISON

SMALL BOAT

SPORTS

MILITARY

TRAM

MEDIUM-MOSES

RESIDENTIAL

FERRY

INDUSTRIAL

PLANE

PRISON

UN-INHABITED

MUSEUM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

1783

UN-INHABITED

1700

1609

SPORTS

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY

1775

AGRICULTURE

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

1600

SHOOTERS ISLAND

Land Use Over Time

Shooter’s Island

-MOSES

Building Use Over Time

nd Use Over Time

AGRICULTURE

0.0125

bi rd

tu a

is la

UN-INHABITED

th e

.10.

INDUSTRIAL

BIRD SANCTUARY

2000

1994

1970

1960

1945

AGRICULTUREMUSEUM

SPORTS

PRISON

pt ed

HOSPITAL

As si g

at te m

RESIDENTIAL

END OF WWII

RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY

MILITARY

INDUSTRIAL

1899 1900 1902

HOSPITAL

1870

1860

1865

1812

ng Use Over Time

tro le ve um S r h r hy ar efin pi ve in ar st g a d b in n u g d ilt of sto on th ra th e ge e oy c is st om lan C ru er p d is s an e cu y an llt d ur END OF CIVIL WAR ra e ci ng ya ch Lats c un o ch ns in tru g c of tio M n et s eo ite rI II

WAR OF 1812

1800

Building Use Over Time MILITARY RESIDENTIAL

Land Use Over Time RECREATION

Miles 2

SPORTS

Hoffman Island

Quarantine Santuary

1783 END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1700

1609 HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

1600

Hoffman Island

Served as a military training and immigrant quarantine facility, the history of Hoffman Island is that of total isolation and highly controlled artifi cial environment. Perhaps of all the island in the city, Hoffman’s distinctive geometric shape best exemplify the man-made origin of the island. The recent proposal by the Staten Island residents to put a homeless center on the MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES island perfectly illustrates the concept of barriers and banishment.

10 Acres 800 ft x 120 ft Staten Island 0 New York Harbor City of New York 3,500 ft to Staten Island Artificial LOW-MOSES

FERRY LOW-MOSES

FERRY MILITARY

MILITARY RECREATION

RECREATION

Surrounded by deep water and across from the expansive sandy beach of Staten stood outTRAIN as an unreachSMALL BOAT PLANE Island, Hoffman TRAM MAXIMUM-MOSES NO ACCESS MEDIUM-MOSES able destination. Throughout the period of human inhabitation, Hoffman Island served as the quintessential dystopia. Paradoxically, the absence of artifi cial structures and human presence has SMALL BOAT PLANE PRISON TRAM MUSEUM TRAIN NO ACCESS RESIDENTIAL turned it into an Utopia for wildlife and an imiginary humanistic utopia, where the artifi cial edges provides a sense of refuge for the ever-encrouching sea water. RESIDENTIAL SPORTS

SPORTS

PRISON UN-INHABITED

Neatly Stacked Rock Edges

Decaying Piers

MUSEUM

UN-INHABITED

Quarantined Immigrants

Views From Major Cargo Route

1:500 0 0.005 0.01 Miles 0.02

1:2500 0 0.025 0.05 Miles 0.1

1:10,000 0 0.1 0.2 Miles 0.4

1:15,000

0.15

0.3

Miles 0.6

1:35,000

0.35

0.7

Miles 1.4

1:5,000

0.0125

0.10

Miles .2

co n w stru ay c to ted th ou e t ne of w th be ly e es tra ca ta sh m bl e is de t he b bu he d ris rn qu Fr o e ar es n Is a la nt h the nd in K e ill , f WAR END OF CIVIL or st a th ti e on El , lis al Is ong la nd wi im th S m w ig in ra ent br s d es ie fly ig na de te si d gn an at ed U a M nite ci ar d ty in S pa e ta r tr te va k u ain s M ca nd in er nt er g s ch af Ro ta an te t r t ber ion t he t de W Mo si or se gn ld s at W ed ar pa II END OF WWII rt o ft he G a R tew pr ec a op re y N Is ose at a la d io ti nd to n on A a am fo re l id r a a th h e om pl an ele ni ss ng s o f he su lte ch r f sh or el the te r S m s on tate ai nl the n an d

WAR OF 1812

2005

2000

1972

1945 1946

1937 1938

1929

1900

1892

1872

1865 1865

1812

1800

Swinburne Island

Hope Floats

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1783

1700

1609 HENRY HUDSONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S VOYAGE

1600

Swineburne Island

Size Dimensions

Citizens of Staten Island were afraid of contacting contagious diseases such as yellow fever, typhus, cholera and smallpox. Therefore, the island was originally created with sand dredged from the New York Harbor in 1870 in order to house the MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES ill with contagious diseases. The large influx of emigrants from Europe overwhelmed the quarantine facilities between 1880-1920. Conditions degraded quickly and attempts to secure state and federal SMALL BOAT funding for PLANE repairing the TRAM island and its TRAIN facilities was futile. Since then, the island has been abandoned. Fortunately, the United States MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES Federal Government acquired the land through a deed as part of the 26,000 acres MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL PRISON of the Gateway National Recreational Area in the New York and New Jersey area. Although the island is currently protected PLANE TRAM as a bird sanctuary, itsTRAIN dark past asNOaACCESS destination for the ill and hopeless lays a long shadow upon the island.

2.5 Acres 150 ft x 120 ft x 220 ft x 130 ft x 220 ft x 200 ft Borough Manhattan Population 0 Body of Water Lower New York Bay Federal Government MOSES Ownership LOW-MOSES Dist. from Land 0.2 miles to St. Island Natural or Artificial Artificial

CAR

FERRY

LOW-MOSES

INDUSTRIAL

FERRY

BIRD SANCTUARY

MILITARY

RECREATION

MILITARY

SMALL BOAT

RECREATION

RESIDENTIAL

SPORTS

PRISON

NO ACCESS

Swinburne Island Hospital 1879

UN-INHABITED

Undated Historic Image

MUSEUM

UN-INHABITED

Exisiting Bird Sanctuary Conditions

Harbor Seals Swimming Nearby in 2006

d cr

te d w ov g o ith f er m sa t ov he as n er ne siv N dd cr x e ew re ow t f E Yo dg de orty uro rk ed d p H fro liv yea ea ar m in rs n bo END OF CIVIL WAR g , im r co un m nd sa ig iti ni ra on ta ti s ry on pe an ; En rs d is d t of m th a e ss Fi fa iv re ci e lit se ie Eu tb s q u rop y ca ic ea kl n no y ei be im st co m -m igr de e at st de io ro re n; qu yed lic t ar m an o tin st e e xi bu st ild ing in Fe Isl s de an ac ral d p re G ur G ov c h END OFaWWII te ern ase w m d ay e b N nt y t at as h e io na pa U l R rt o nit ec f t ed re he St at 2 at io 6, e n 00 s Ar 0 ea

Is la n

WAR OF 1812

SPORTS

INDUSTRIAL

UN-INHABITEDAGRICULTURE BIRD SANCTUARY

2000

RECREATION

HOSPITAL MUSEUM

1972

BIRD SANCTUARY

PRISON

1945

se Over Time RESIDENTIAL

1934

MILITARY

1920

AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRIAL

1900

HOSPITAL

1880

1870

1865

1812

1800 se Over Time Building Use Over Time MILITARY RESIDENTIAL

Land Use Over Time RECREATION SPORT

0.005

0.01

Miles 0.02

0.025

0.05

Miles 0.1

Brooklyn

7. Coney Island 8. Canarsie Pol

1.5

Miles

Coney Island

Pleasure Dystopia

1783

1734

1700

1690

1661

1644

1609

Size 1706 Acres Dimensions 24121 ft x 3900 ft Borough Brooklyn Population 51205 Body of Water Lower New York Bay Ownership City of New York Dist. from Land Connected to BK ert Moses Meter Robert Moses Meter Natural or Hybrid Artificial NO-MOSES NO-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES

LOW-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES

Infrastructure Infrastructure MAXIMUM-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES FERRY

SMALL BOAT

BUS BUS SMALL BOAT

PLANE

g Use Use Over uilding Over TRAM TimeTime PLANE MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

TRAIN TRAM HOSPITAL HOSPITAL RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

dLand Use Use Over Over MUSEUM N TimeTime

NTIAL

PRISON

RECREATION

SPORTS

MUSEUM AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE SPORTS

Coney Island can be considered to be the testing ground for Manhattan in a lot of ways. It is here that many technological features, and architectural programs were tested and implemented as entertainment devices that ultimately created the Island’s culture itself. Coney Island maintains a powerful and LOW-MOSES LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES dense history that is very uniqueMEDIUM-MOSES to its enMAXIMUM-MOSES tertainment culture. As New York becamemore metropolitan, between 1823-1865, MAXIMUM-MOSES there was a dire need for the people to escape the city.

CAR CAR MAXIMUM-MOSES PLANE

FERRY FERRY

SMALL BOAT SMALL BOAT

PLANE PLANE

TRAM TRAIN NO ACCESS Coney Island went through a rapid period of amusement park development to hold TRAM TRAIN NO ACCESS the immense amount of people who were NO ACCESSvisiting daily until each park burned.

TRAIN INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL PRISON

MUSEUM

ey END OF Is REVOLUTIONARY WAR la nd B ri a r dge tif C ic

tO p HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE D yc k D irk is gr e an de te W d ol 88 fe ac is re gr s an of te C d a Is one po la y nd rti on of G uy sb Is ert la ’s C on nd ey Is la nd is do cu m en te d in Th m ap om s as St ill w el l fo ex fro r m ten m ore de Ja c d C m on o ai ve ne ca n y Ba ien Isl y t s and to hi N p t Cre Y ra e H ve k ar ls bo r

1600

Coney Island

NO ACCESS

RESIDENTIAL PRISON PRISON MILITARY RESIDENTIAL It wasMILITARY a city and island whose sole purMUSEUM pose was for entertainment and night-life and once the amusement parks disappeared it became a desolate dystopia.

MAXIMUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES

TRAM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS NO ACCESS

MUSEUMMUSEUM

Floor Plan of Dreamland BIRD SANCTUARY BIRD SANCTUARY UN-INHABITED

RECREATION RECREATION

SPORTS SPORTS

UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED

UN-INHABITED

ED UN-INHABITED

Aerial of Coney Island

Coney Island’s Wonder Wheel

1:500 0 0.005 0.01 Miles 0.02

1:2500 0 0.025 0.05 Miles 0.1

1:10,000 0 0.1 0.2 Miles 0.4

1:15,000

0.15

0.3

Miles 0.6

1:35,000

0.35

0.7

Miles 1.4

ci Co al m co pa St n n ny ea ec c m tio on bo Co n str WAR OF 1812 to uc a t ne m ts se y ai fi rv Isl nl rs ic an an t e Fi d d op P rs en av tR ed ili ai lro froon ad m is M op to B an en ro C ha ed on ok tta ey ly n n I sl B an rid d ge is es al lo St ta w bl ee s is pl E co he e le nn d C c ec t END OF CIVIL hWAR r as ic tio L St Dreuna e A y a n t ee a P m llo o M us w pl m a r a L e k D C an A em s se nha re h d m en c t am as A u t P on tan d m se e a L Su a A us m rk nig bw nd mu emen op ht en ay Amsem ent Pa s ex us en t P rk a te em t P rk op C n e yc de en ar op ns lo t k e d ne to Pa bu ns C rk rns R on b ol le e u Lu r C y I rns na oa sla nd st pa er rk o Am pe ns us St e ee m en pl e tp C ar ha k se bu rn Am s us em END OF WWII en tp ar k C lo se s

2000

1964

1944 1945

1927

1903 1904 1907 1911 1915 1920

1900

1890 1893

1883

1865

1844 1847

1823

1812

1800

Canarsie Pol

Jamaica Bay Inversion

1783 END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1700

1609 HENRY HUDSONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S VOYAGE

1600

Canarsie Pol

First appeared in the record in the 1910s, the rapid growth of the island until 1945. The rapid industrialization of southeastern Brooklyn causes the built up of infrastructure. These activities increases the amount of impervious surfaces along the water edge of the bay. The natural ecological system of fi ltering and water retention system. Along with the conMEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES gested traffic of JFK Airport, the toxicity of the bay water made Jamica Bay the most closely monitored water body within the city. Constructed out of the debris from the dredging activities, Canarsie Pol is the interventionTRAIN on the bay. NO ACCESS PLANE relic of human TRAMMAXIMUM-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES

298 Acres 3,280 ft x 1,900 ft Bronx 0 Jamaica Bay City of New York 2,000 ft to Brooklyn Artificial LOW-MOSES

FERRY LOW-MOSES

FERRY MILITARY

MILITARY RECREATION

RECREATION

SMALL BOAT

SMALL BOATRESIDENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL SPORTS

SPORTS

PLANE

Seasonal Volunteer Cleanup

What makes Canarsie Pol particularly interesting is the camoufl age of its salt marsh ecology among all the land mass in the Jamaica Bay. The role of Canarsie TRAM MUSEUM TRAIN NO ACCESS PRISON Pol as a sanctuary for the migratory birds became increasingly important.The physical isolation and the absence of human inhabitation.

PRISON UN-INHABITED

MUSEUM

Kayak Access Along North Edge

UN-INHABITED

Salt Marsh Along South Edge

1:500 0 0.005 0.01 Miles 0.02

1:2500 0 0.025 0.05 Miles 0.1

1:10,000

0.1

0.2

Miles 0.4

1:15,000

0.15

0.3

Miles 0.6

1:35,000

0.35

0.7

Miles 1.4

END OF CIVIL WAR la rg Q Ja e s ue m c en aic ale s; a B d th a red e y C be gin an g g ar an o si fo f t e he P r th ol ind wa e w su t su as tr er bs c ial ed eq rea iza g ue te tio e o nt d f n o f de rom f co br ns is tru ct i K on en & in co ne m o rp d d or pr y A ern at o ed gr irp iza a A int m ort tion re o a a G rou and of t un at n in he e d END OF WWIIer w d J fra Jo a th y am stru hn R de ef s e Na ai c D t ca tu F. ug ig ep io r e nat ar na Bay e un ed t l m de p en Re r n art fe t o c re ew of of der f I at nt io sh al w Ja er n at m rin rep e io rs aic ki or r h a t ng is ed B ay m su m ar ed an W sh o ag ild la n t em lif nd h e en e in em t th e e rg Ja en m cy ai s ca ta Ba te y

WAR OF 1812

2003

2000

1988

1972

1948

1942

1945

1910

1900

1865

1812

1800

Queens

9. Broad Channel Island

1.5

Miles

Building Use Over MAXIMUM-MOSES Time Building Use Over Hart Island Time

MILITARY

PRISON

CAR

BUS

PRISON SI

RECREATION

Pollution

SPORTS

Mill Rock Island

MAXIMUM-MOSES

FERRY

CAR MAXIMUM-MOSES

PLANE

SMALL BOAT

TRAM

Hunter Island TRAIN

RESIDENTIAL

PLANE

TRAIN

Hunter Island

TRAM

TRAIN

North Brother Island

Liberty Island

PRISON

NO ACCESS

TRAM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

Hunter Island

Ellis Island

NO ACCESS BIRD SANCTUARY

AGRICULTURE

SPORTS

RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY

SPORTS

RECREATION

UN-INHABITED

SPORTS

MNUN-INHABITED

UN-INHABITED NO

LOW

MEDIUM

HIGH

-INHABITED

Aerial View of Broad Channel Island

Pollution

PLANE Island Shooter’s

MEDIUM

Manhattan

As time progressed, MILITARY the island’s RESIDENTIAL PRISON inhabitants have managed to resist Liberty Island Liberty Island change, specifically to culturally and ethnic BX island’s dystopia BX MN diversity. The is the direct result of being culturally unresponsive even to the diverse world of ManhattanFERRY only an hourSMALL away. BOAT PLANE

INDUSTRIAL

SMALL BOAT

RESIDENTIAL

Hart Island

BUS

MEDIUM-MOSES

Land TRAM Use Over Time

Prall’s Island

INDUSTRIAL

Hart Island RESIDENTIAL

MEDIUM-MOSES

UN-INHA

Twin Island

LOW-MOSES

Infrastructure Infrastructure

Time

Twin Island

Coney Isla

SPORTS

Island is the only inhabited Manhattan Manhattan island in Jamaica Bay. South of Queens, the island has a rich history of LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES BX resisting change. Once a flourishing LI LI summer resort, the island’s decline began withMAXIMUM-MOSES raw sewage contaminating the island’s ecology.

Hybrid HOSPITAL

HOSPITAL

Land Use Over Ellis Island

Hoffman Island

7414 ft x 1650 ft Queens NO-MOSES 2630 inBX 2000 Jamaica Bay City of New York NO-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES 2500 ft to Queens

LOW-MOSES

FERRY

1700

se ha ttle rv rs es an ts d e e Le afo sta na od bli pe . P sh r a fre Nat ior set qu ive to tle en A the me te m D nt d er ut to th ic ch is an , ar s ea

Hoffman Island

RECREATION

PRISON

Coney Island

Broad Channel Island

BIRD SANCTUARY

BroadIsland Channel Governor’s Island 1200 Acres Governor’s

Robert MosesBX Meter

PRISON

Isle of Meadows

AGRICULTURE

RESIDENTIAL

1783

MILITARY

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

Governor’s Island

Isle of Meadows

Canarsie Pol

Robert Moses Meter

MILITARY

Land Use Over Time

Isle of Meadows

INDUSTRIAL

ut ch

HOSPITAL

Canarsie Pol

Oblivious Dystopia

1609

Broad Channel Island

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

1600

Broad Channel Island

Building Use Over Time

Broad Channel Island

TRAM Shooter’s Island NO

TRAIN Shooter’s LOW

Island

NO ACCESS Roosevelt MEDIUM

Island

HIGH

Roosevelt Island

Randall’s Island

Randall’s Islan

HIGH

UN-INHABITED

Historic Photograph of Broad Channel

Image of Broad Channel during the 1920’s

BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

RESIDENTIAL UN-INHABITED PRISON

SPORTS

2006

2000

1998

1953

MILITARY

ain

SPORTS

S Tr

PRISON

1945

RESIDENTIAL

AGRICULTURE

1917 1920

HOSPITAL RECREATION INDUSTRIAL

ulevard

BIRD SANCTUARY

Cross Bay Bo

MILITARY

1900

AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRIAL

1880

1865

e Over Time

Land Use Over Time

e fo firs rB t ro woo ad d en END OF CIVIL WARCha R nn ailr e l oa Se w d as st w ag bu op e ilt co nt am ba in nn ate ed s t ; i he sl is an la d nd tu ; r s fo ns i hel r s nt lfi pe o a shi ak h ng ea av is by Ro si en co be es n v rt er Mo tin s g es N p or ar th tia Br lly o f w ad ulfil ild Ch ls lif an hi s e END OF WWII sa nel vis nc in ion tu to a ar y di Ma sp yo la r G y of iul ra ian ci i s A sm u H s al at pe lo n w a ee la ds f n bo ir pr r d em an ay en k tu pa fo rn ra r a s de in to ra ci al rio t

1812

HOSPITAL

WAR OF 1812

1800 e Over Time MUSEUM

Building Use Over Time MUSEUM

UN-INHABITED

1:500 0 0.005 0.01 Miles 0.02

1:2500

0.025

0.05

Miles 0.1

1:10,000

0.1

0.2

Miles 0.4

Long Island

10. Long Island

1.5

Miles

Building Use Over Time

LONG ISLAND HOSPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

MUSEUM

PRISON

Golden Grit

Land Use Over Time

Land Use Over Time UN-INHABITED

AGRIC

1783 M

tly

ra la END OF REVOLUTIONARY nd WAR ag ric Pr ul tu ed ra ec l e

1683

1664

1640’s

1609

1600

SPORTS

Fi rs t Le do na cu pe me Th In nte di d e an En D u s Eu VOYAGE g t c HENRY HUDSON’S l liv ro i En sh h in p Pu set gl G g o ean is t r l io n c th h t itia ed e o ns w van Lon on D ok ut c se est ni V g Is tac ch o ttl e e la t w co ntr ed rn p raz nd ith th o za b lo ol e rt ny o n y an f is eas ion o l t o d an re d ern f is na w po la h m e rti nd Th i n n e g ta on , En it ki N ng g ew o co lis h Yo ve un e rk r tie sta s: bli s Ki h ng ed s, th Q e ue th e n re s, e o & ri Su gi ffo nal lk

1524

1500

Long Island

RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY

1700

AGRICULTURE

Long Island is characterized by its blue collar suburban neighborhoods and luxurious beach homes. The island is made up of four New York counties: Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk. Although Long Island does include queens and Brooklyn, it is generally considered to refer to Nassau and Suffolk counties. Long island is known for its affluence and high LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES quality of life, mostly in Nassau and SufLOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES er folk; they are among the top 25 richest MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES counties in the country. Nassau county is predominantly suburban. Wealthy AmeriInfrastructure Infrastructure NO-MOSES LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES cans and Europeans in the gilded age built MAXIMUM-MOSES BUS CAR lavish country FERRY homes on SMALL BOAT Nassau county’sPLANE MAXIMUM-MOSES FERRY SMALL BOAT PLANE TRAM TRAIN NO ACCESS North Shore, known as the Gold Coast. SuffolkTRAIN county’s South Fork is known SMALL BOAT PLANE TRAM NO ACCESS re Building Use Over OSES MEDIUM-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES forMAXIMUM-MOSES its beach towns, protected wetlands, Time ilding Use Over sandy beaches. PLANE LongTRAIN Island’s major BUS FERRY CAR SMALL BOAT FERRY PLANE andSMALL BOAT TRAM TRAMNO ACCESS TRAIN Time highways are the Long Island Expressway, HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON M TRAIN NO ACCESS MUSEUM Parkway, and Southern MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON Northern State State Parkway (products of Robert MoLand Use Over MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL PRISON Time bring east-west traffic through SMALL BOAT PLANE TRAM PLANE TRAIN TRAM ses), NOwhich ACCESS TRAIN NO ACCESS Land Use Over the length of island. There are 9 bridges MUSEUM MUSEUM HOSPITAL MILITARY PRISON Time INDUSTRIAL RESIDENTIAL MILITARY PRISONand 13RESIDENTIAL tunnels that connect the island to SEUM New YorkRECREATION City. AGRICULTURE BIRD SANCTUARY SPORTS UN-INHABITED

1,401 sq. miles 118 mi. x 23 mi. Ling Island 7,448,618 Atlantic Ocean & Long Island sound Ownership City of New York Robert Moses Meter Dist. from Land 1000’ to Manhattan Robert Moses Meter Natural or Artificial Natural Pop. Density 5,470 pplNO-MOSES per sq. mile

Size Dimensions Borough Population Body of Water

NO-MOSES

BUS

HOSPITAL

AGRICULTURE

RECREATION SPORTS PRISON RESIDENTIAL

SPORTS UN-INHABITED MUSEUMPRISON

RY AGRICULTURE RECREATION BIRD SANCTUARY SPORTS

UN-INHABITED SPORTS

LOW-MOSES

CAR

FERRY

INDUSTRIAL

SMALL BOAT

MILITARY

BIRD SANCTUARY

MEDIUM-MOSES

RECREATION

PLANE

RESIDENTIAL

SPORTS

MAXIMUM-MOSES

TRAM

PRISON

TRAIN

TRAM

NO ACCESS

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

MUSEUM

UN-INHABITED

QUEENS

UN-INHABITED MUSEUM

RECREATION UN-INHABITED

KINGS

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

Montauk Point

OSPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

NO-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES

INDUSTRIAL

FERRY

MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL

0.005

SMALL BOAT

MILITARY

0.01 PLANE

RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

PRISON TRAM

MUSEUM

TRAIN

Land Use Over Time

Land Use Over Time AGRICULTURE RECREATION

e be sso ga r t n o R te se the Is ail rm rv L la 1812 WAR OF nd lin ina ice on g e co l to from Is m Ja a lan pl m B d et aic ro R ed a o ai to in klyn l Ro co ea Qu fe a u fin nt T st ee rry d an ry he en ns ci es G d er ta u of s te id Lo on s ed ng N of s Ag or u e K th pe p in Sh r-r ro gs i d C B ore ch uce ou ro o in d in nty ok f N dus ma ly a t to Ea th an n B ssa rial ny is la e d s C Q rid u C ts vis END OF CIVIL se ter WAR pa nm ity ouee ge ounand h ra os f G ns co ty te t d pa rea co mp to rt te n le fo of r Nso ted m Q e lid N ue w at as e Y e sa ns ork d u co co u un ntr Lo St ty y ea ng d y Is su la nd bu rb Ex an pr es gr Le sw ow vi a th tto y b w e n ga cr n ea co te ns d tru in ct N as io n sa u co R un ap ty END OF WWII id po st -W W II su bu rb an gr ow th

Land Use Over Time UN-INHABITED

MAXIMUM-MOSES

AGRICULTURE

BIRD SANCTUARY

SUFFOLK

1:2500

1:10,000

BIRD SANCTUARY SPORTS BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION UN-INHABITED RECREATION SPORTS

Miles 0.02 NO ACCESS

2000

HOSPITAL

1950’s

Building Use Over Time

MILITARY

PRISON CAR

1945

BUS

1947

1920’s

1899

1900

1:500

1939

Infrastructure HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL UN-INHABITED

1898

INDUSTRIAL SPORTS

NO ACCESS

1883

MUSEUM

TRAIN

1870’s

TRAM

1844

PRISON

BIRD SANCTUARY

1836

1812

PLANE

LOW-MOSES

Building Use Over Time HOSPITAL RECREATION

1865

MEDIUM-MOSES

CULTURE

1800

MUSEUM

PRISON

Robert Moses Meter

Building Use Over Time

RESIDENTIAL

Miles 0.1

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

0.025

0.05

0.1

0.2

Miles 0.4

1:15,000

0.15

0.3

Miles 0.6

1:35,000

0.35

0.7

Miles 1.4

1:5,000

0.0125

0.10

Miles .2

1:110,000

AGRICULTURE

UN-INHABITED

Miles

LIE NASSAU 27

1:125,000

1.25

1:500,000

7.5

LEGEND 2.5 High Density

Low Density 10 Long Island R.R. Major Thruways Other Roadways Ferry lines County lines

Miles

Miles 20

Miles 30

MUSEU

Bronx

18. Hunter Island 17. Twin Island 16. Rat Island

15. Hart Island 14. City Island

13. South Brother Island 12. North Brother Island 11. Rikerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Island

1.5

Miles

RIKERS ISLAND

PRISON EXPERIMENT Building Use Over Time MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

Meter

NO-MOSES LOW-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES

NTIAL

us e ho

ilt bu ik er R dr ew An

SPORTS

MEDIUM-MOSES LOW-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

ucture

er me

RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY

Robert Moses Meter NO-MOSES

er me

AGRICULTURE

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1775

1664

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

So l co d b nf y N is a ca tiv te e d A a m w nd eri ho gi ca ch ven ns an to to ge A W hi bra illia s h m na am s m R Ha e to ych llet R en t ik er

Land Use Over Time

1783

INDUSTRIAL

1700

HOSPITAL

1609

1600

Riker’s Island

Infrastructure

BUS MEDIUM-MOSES

PLANE

CAR

TRAM

BUS FERRY MAXIMUM-MOSES

TRAIN

SMALL BOAT CAR

FERRY PLANE

SMALL BOATTRAM

PLANE TRAIN

TRAM NO ACCESS

NO ACCESS

Building Use Over Time HOSPITAL PLANE

PRISON

INDUSTRIAL TRAM

HOSPITALMILITARY TRAIN

INDUSTRIAL NORESIDENTIAL ACCESS

MILITARY PRISON

MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

MUSEUM

Land Use Over Time PRISON AGRICULTURE

UN-INHABITED

MUSEUM BIRD SANCTUARY

AGRICULTURE RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY SPORTS

RECREATION UN-INHABITED

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

MUSEUM

TRAIN

ers

Isla

Bri

to pl ac e th e cr bl in g

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

So ld to eo r N g C e ew on E Yo . tra W rk ct a : N rin C ity ew g J Yo r: s tr rk WAR END OF CIVIL Saeet ni cle ta a ry ni U ng til c iz om Ti at io m Im me n is po s C sio r rt ep om n of o P R pa er ris w rte ob ny i on ld d t er er R t M do he .M o s gs is d la os s es es to a nd um : p s l o in fin te i sist ok ed rv sh o ra ed ga e p Pr ntio off eni t po like rba ge is n, th ng pu a on p e o la v la la f a tio olc p o p n t nd n n a Pr R ul atio fi ew , fa no is O ik on at n ll ve er io o op pr iled p n: f e is rc s I o pu ro sl 2 5 7 0 ra o n w an la 00 00 tio de d tio in tre n d b n m es ja ri Ex of at il+ dg te 3 es 14 e,c ns 28 7 i 00 o on i n END OF WWII 0 nn in ec of t ma m t he te s at w es ith pr Pr , h Q iso is on un u n e po Ad ger en pu di str s la tio ik tio na e n lj of ai 15 ls 00 f 82 em 00 a of le i 10 fic nm ja er a ils s te w hi s ith re d 16 00 0 in m at es

0.15

Miles 0.6

2010

2000

1994 1994

1978

1966 1970

1960

1954

1926 1926 1935 1939 1940 1941 1945

1919

1900

1895 1896

1884 1865

1832

1812

1800

PRISON

Rik

is o

WAR OF 1812

Pr RESIDENTIAL MUSEUM

North Brother Island

Quarantine Distopia

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1783

1700

1609 HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

1600

North Brother Island

20 Acres 1265 ft x 988 ft Bronx 0 East River City of New York 1130 ft to Bronx MAXIMUM-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES

Natural MAXIMUM-MOSES

PLANE

TRAM

NO-MOSES

PRISON

TRAM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

TRAIN

Across its history, North Brother Island existed as a dystopic mirror that reflected Manhattan’s social problems. The island was used to house quarantine hospitals before WWII. With a mere attempt to revive after the end of WWII, the island became dormitories for returning veterans who went to colleges in Manhattan. Unfortunately, it was reinstated as rehab centerNOfor adolescent drug addicts shortly ACCESS after. After the rehab center was closed because of heavy corruption among staff, the island was abandoned.

MUSEUM

UN-INHABITED

Plot Plan of Riverside Hospital

Bronx

North Brother Island

South Brother Island Rikers Island

Legend Ferry Building Park

NYS Archives Photo in 1957

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 Miles

Regional Map

Building Use Over Time MUSEUM INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

RESIDENT

2000

MUSEUM MUSEUM MILITARY

1963

1945

1946 1953

1883 1885

RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL HOSPITAL UN-INHABITED PRISON INDUSTRIAL PRISON SPORTS

Land Use Over Time

BIRD SANCTUARY BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION RECREATION

AGRICULTURE SPORTSSPORTS

UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

WAR OF 1812

MILITARYMILITARY RECREATION

si do de m H ina os te pi d ta by lm i ov nti ed tut i END OF CIVIL WARfrom ons Bl for th ac 8 e kw de w re el ca l’s de ck Ty is s of ov ph la t he nd cl er oi os tw d G M ed o e a ne sh dec ry ra or ad wa lS tly es s lo th u co cu er nt nf m re ea il s in su fte he ed sc r di to ita ed th te .T e a dw he isl ce i ho a n d nt th er an sp fo op in w ita r en flu l re ide s c e is id p d xo la iv re t o fh nd is ad tr e is m ea al th fo sta t a th en rc ff do y b ab ed le oa c an th orr s c rd en er do e u p t f td s i n END OF WWII e aci on ru d lit y a g to nd cl pa os t e. ien Th t e

LandLand Use Use OverOver TimeTime

1900

AGRICULTURE HOSPITAL HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL UN-INHABITED BIRD SANCTUARY

1865

1812

SPORTS

MUSEUM

PRISON

Building Use Over Time 1904

RECREATION

RESIDENTIAL

1938

PRISON HOSPITAL

Building Building UseTime Use OverOver TimeTime Land Use Over

CTUARY

1800

RESIDENTIAL

1918

MILITARY

0.025

0.05

Miles 0.1

South Brother Island

De Gesellen

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

D t HENRY HUDSONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S VOYAGEhe

by ed cl ai m

1783

1700

1614

1609

ut ch

1600

South Brother Island

7 Acres 550 ft x 650 ft Bronx Uninhabited East River City of New York 1/2 mile to Bronx Natural

View from North Brother Island

NO-MOSES

NO ACCESS

UN-INHABITED

BIRD SANCTUARY

Aerial View

Location Map

Image circa. 1931

Image circa. 1932

0.025

so ld to So H uth am pt Bro on th Sc er I ow sla s nd In c

up p h o e rt us ha e d on a th sum e is me la r nd

pr N es Y er C ve pu d rc it ha as s a ed w th ild e lif is e la sa nd nc a tu nd ar y

END OF WWII N

0.05

2001

2000

1975

1945

1907

1900

1894

1865

END OF CIVIL WAR

1812

WAR OF 1812

1800

RESIDENTIAL BIRD SANCTUARY

Bowery Bay

Miles 0.1

City Island

Potential Manhattan Building Use Over Time

SMALL BOAT

PLANE

ng Use Use OverOver uilding TimeTime HOSPITAL CAR HOSPITAL

BUS

RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

SPORTS

AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

1783

to e w W ns as END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR m hi aj ng or ity to of C nH ity o C ity Is rto la I

ai gh H

ic h

ol as

Currently the city maintains an island effect because it shows little dependency on the outside world. It is still heavily depenFERRY SMALL BOAT dent on the sea food industry as wellPLANE as PLANE FERRY SMALL BOAT MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES programs related to ship maintenance.

CAR CAR LOW-MOSES

TRAM

TRAIN

Aerial View of City Island

TRAM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS NO ACCESS

NO ACCESS

Although it is part of the Bronx, it retains a distinct ambience and residential experience. There is only one bridge that conINDUSTRIAL MILITARYMILITARY FERRY PLANERESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL SMALL BOAT RESIDENTIAL TRAM PRISON PRISON nects the island to the mainland.

TRAIN MUSEUMMUSEUM NO ACCESS

MUSEUM

ndLand Use Use OverOver TimeTime HOSPITAL

MAXIMUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

Infrastructure Infrastructure BUS

Natural

BUS

RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY

m Sa

Unfortunately, Benjamin Palmer’s vision for his utopian city was thwarted by the Revolutionary War. City Island had great promise as a port city that would be cenLOW-MOSES LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES tered around trade and fishing. MEDIUM-MOSES

NO-MOSES NO-MOSES

NO-MOSES

bu ys bu is la th ys nd en is fo se lan r2 lls d 30 it for 0 to 2 po 6 w B 0 un ho e 0 n ds p en ja o vi mi un s d n Pa io P s lm ned al an er a me d G cit r ra y nt

Si w In ano di y an s

AGRICULTURE

City Island was one of the few islands of New York that was intended to be a city. In fact, it was suppose to be the island that rivaled Manhattan.

252.835 Acres 7920 ft x 2640 ft Bronx 4520 Long Island Sound City of New York 800 ft from Bronx

MEDIUM-MOSES

MILITARY

Land Use Over Time

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE Th om as Pe ll bu ys Is la nd fro m th e

Size Dimensions Borough Population Body of Water Ownership Dist. from Land ert Moses Meter Robert Moses Meter Natural or Artificial

INDUSTRIAL

1753

1700

1654

1609

1600

HOSPITAL

1761

City Island

MILITARY BIRD SANCTUARY BIRD SANCTUARY

RESIDENTIAL RECREATION RECREATION

PRISON SPORTSSPORTS

MUSEUM UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED

City Island Bridge

UN-INHABITED

BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

City Island Nautical Museum

Sailing in City Island

ing Building Use Over Use Time Over Time MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

MUSEUM MUSEUM

2000

1945

PRISON

1907

1900

1895

MUSEUM MILITARY PRISON MILITARY

1886

1862

1865 1868

1847

1807

MILITARY RESIDENTIAL HOSPITAL HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL PRISON

1819

INDUSTRIAL MILITARY

1812

1800

OSPITAL IAL

Is a n on la d’ ow nd s ns s la ou m pu y t s h aj la do la or tio WAR OF 1812 w nd ity n D n s av gr st an of id ow re d et C th s ar f ll ro es m ta a fe O bli ys sh w ho te es r b fi u r us st sm ses in co al to es m lc a ity s me is rc w ia el l s le h H st ipy e ab a C n ity ry lis rd he Pi Is d ep la n gr END OF d’ H CIVIL WAR a s en s f bu ry R irst ys ob n B e .N C e w ar ev r J sp ll in ac ap ya o s e rd re b b r is vi ve uys in p s ya Ca rin ch rll t tin ya rd g cu ltu re

and Land Use Over Use Time Over Time

RECREATION UN-INHABITED RECREATION

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED

END OF WWII

AGRICULTURE RECREATION AGRICULTURE RECREATION SPORTS BIRD SANCTUARY SPORTS BIRD SANCTUARY BIRDUN-INHABITED SANCTUARY

CULTURE D SANCTUARY

15 rry Fe

m fro

Hart Island

rt Ha

1:500

0.005

0.01

Miles 0.02

1:2500

0.025

0.05

Miles 0.1

1:10,000

0.1

0.2

Miles 0.4

1:15,000

0.15

0.3

Miles 0.6

Hart Island

Certain Isolation

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1783

1700

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

1600

1609

Hart Island

132 Acres 1 mile x 1900 ft Bronx LOW-MOSES Uninhabited Long Island Sound City of New York 1/2 mile to City Natural

O-MOSES

SPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

LOW-MOSES CAR

FERRY

MILITARY BIRD SANCTUARY

ULTURE

MILITARY

Hart Island is a small isolated island at the western end of the Long Island Sound. Owned by the City of New York and controlled by the MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES NYC Department of Corrections, the island is home to the largest tax-funded mass cemetery in the world. In 2005 there were 1,419 burials including 826 adults, 546 infants and stillborn babies, and 47 burials of dismembered body parts. It is estimated that more than 850,00 remains are buried there, approximately MUSEUM 2,000 RESIDENTIAL PRISON a year. The island also acted as a NIKE missile magazine during the 1950’s, civil war prison camp, boy’s reform school, tuberculosis treatment center, drug treatment center and mental hospital.

MEDIUM-MOSES SMALL BOAT

MAXIMUM-MOSES

PLANE TRAM Prior to 1998 the Island was only accessible to members of the media; currently access is restricted to the NYC Department of Corrections.

RESIDENTIAL RECREATION

TRAIN

Potter’s Field Mass Graves

NO ACCESS

MUSEUM UN-INHABITED

PRISON SPORTS

NO ACCESS

Peace Memorial FERRY NO

SMALL BOAT LOW

MEDIUM

RECREATION

MEDIUM

SPORTS

HIGH

PLANE

TRAM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

HIGH

UN-INHABITED

Former US Army Missle Magazine

NO-MOSES

LOW-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

Building Use Over Time HOSPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

MUSEUM

PRISON

Building Use Building OverUse TimeOver Time Infrastructure

AGRICULTURE

BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

SPORTS

1994

NO ACCESS RESIDENTIAL PRISON

MUSEUM PRISON

2000

TRAIN MILITARY RESIDENTIAL

TRAM

1974

1945

1913

1900

1869

1865 1868

1812

Land Use Over Time

PLANE INDUSTRIAL HOSPITAL SMALL BOATINDUSTRIAL MILITARY

FERRY

1950

CAR HOSPITAL

BUS

UN-INHABITED

C NY

pa De

r Co of t en rtm

u bu lts a rie nd d in chi se ldr pa en ra un te d m er as fiv s ew gr e av re es oc cu A pi r es m 10 y m ac iss re il s eb on a N se or o th pe Ar en n m y d sa m of n END OF WWII is d i si sla the le ba nd se cl os Is ed la nd cl os ed to al lv is ito rs

Pollution

AGRICULTURE

LOW

AGRICULTURE RECREATION BIRD SANCTUARYBIRD SANCTUARY MEDIUM

RECREATIONSPORTS

SPORTS UN-INHABITED

HIGH

H cu ar pi tI sl is es O an th 10 p d e 1 en so la ac in rg re g ld es s o to t p in f t N ub th he ew lic e L C Yo i m on ty rk as g C e C s Is m ity gr la av nd ete e S ry in ou w th nd hi e c END OF CIVIL WAR w an h or d ld .

Land UseLand OverUse TimeOver Time

WAR OF 1812

1800

Robert Moses Meter

ry Fer ns o i t rec

City Island

1:10,000

0.1

0.2

Miles 0.4

UN-INHAB

RAT ISLAND

SINKING STONE

1783

1700

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1654

1609

1600

Rat Island

MEDIUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

LOW-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES

PLANE

TRAM

FERRY

TRAIN

SMALL BOAT

NO ACCESS

PLANE

NO-MOSES

TRAM

LOW-MOSES

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

MEDIUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

MUSEUM

PRISON

MILITARY BUS

MAXIMUM-MOSES

RESIDENTIAL CAR

MUSEUM

PRISON

FERRY

SMALL BOAT

PLANE

TRAM

UN-INHABITED

RY HOSPITAL RECREATION INDUSTRIAL

AGRICULTURE

BIRD SANCTUARY

SPORTS

MILITARY UN-INHABITED

RECREATION

RESIDENTIAL

SPORTS

PRISON

UN-INHABITED

MUSEUM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

HOSPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

MUSEUM

PRISON

Building Use Over Land UseTime Over Time

e sa l fo r nd

se d

Is la

UN-INHABITED

END OF WWII Pur ch a

th e to as ed Le

0.005

.010

2009

2000

1972 n ne Br en

C Ve rn o

SPORTS

rH D by ht ug Bo

1945

1931 lu

tie en rm

RECREATION

d se

MUSEUM UN-INHABITED

PRISON SPORTS

1908

RESIDENTIAL RECREATION

th e

BIRD SANCTUARY

ity

C k

Yo r

END OF CIVIL WAR

nt in e

ita l: y

el lo w

fe v

AGRICULTURE

1900

1888

1880

1865

is la n

Land Use Over Time

MILITARY BIRD SANCTUARY

1812

HOSPITALAGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL

WAR OF 1812

1800

Building Use Over Time

Miles .02

NTIAL RY

Twin Island

What Island?

LOW-MOSES

FERRY MEDIUM-MOSES

MILITARY

PLANE MILITARY

RECREATION

PRISON RECREATION

1783

16 Acres 1180 ft x 700 ft Bronx 3400 in 1990 Long Island Sound City of New York connected toMEDIUM-MOSES Bronx Natural

LOW-MOSES

FERRY

The story of the Twin Island illustrates the peculiar defi nition of island, especially in the temporal sense. It is of particularly interest that the Department of Park &amp; Recreation continue to label this patch of “peninsula” as “island”. The disappearance MAXIMUM-MOSES of these islands illustrates Robert Moses’s attitude toward the islands. For Moses, the utility of islands as an civic space is up MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES and foremost in his interests in park and expressway construction. Despite being PLANE NO ACCESS physicallyTRAM connected to TRAIN Bronx since the 1930s, the unique character of the island was left untouched with minimal disturforced transformation. PLANE bance and TRAM TRAIN NO ACCESS MAXIMUM-MOSES

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

si te

th e

at tle

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

ll’ s

in t

1776

1700

1609

1600

Twin Island

SMALL BOAT

RESIDENTIAL

TRAM RESIDENTIAL

SPORTS

Though artifi cially inducted, the marsh MUSEUM restoration of the 1990s is a story of maximizing results with minimal intervention. Twin Island also demonstrates the multiTRAIN NO ACCESS MUSEUM PRISON faceted quality of an island, which is quite rare for an island of this size.

PRISON

UN-INHABITED

Looking North To Two Trees Island

MUSEUM SPORTS

Recreated Salt Marshes

UN-INHABITED

Salt Marsh Breakwater

View Toward The Hunter Island

1:500 0 0.005 0.01 Miles 0.02

1:2500 0 0.025 0.05 Miles 0.1

1:10,000 0 0.1 0.2 Miles 0.4

1:15,000

0.15

0.3

Miles 0.6

1:35,000

0.35

0.7

Miles 1.4

1:5,000

0.0125

0.10

Miles .2

th END OF e WWII K az th im e sa iro l ff t be m N tw ar at ee sh ur e n r e Tr Ea s ai st tor lw Tw at as i in on de an p di d ro ca W jec te es t d c tT o w mp in le Is te la d nd

in th co rp e Pe ora C lha ted ity m in of B WAR to END OF CIVIL t N ay ew P he a Yo rk Pel rk wa ha m al s tr on an Ba g sf y P w er ith e ar th d t k e o Br th on e th x e O rc th ha e ar Ro rd tif be B ic rt e a ia l p Mo ch ro s w m es as en & c ad M re e ay ate lin o d ks r L un th aG de e is uar r th la d e nd ia to

WAR OF 1812

2000

1995

1987

1945

1938

1932

1900

1895

1888

1865

1812

1800

Liberty Island

Size Dimensions Borough Population Body of Water Ownership Dist. from Land Natural or Artificial POLITICS

MAXIMUM-MOSES

Natural Habitat

215 Acres 2500 ft x 3500 ft Bronx Uninhabited Pelham Bay City of New York 1/2 mile to Jersey city Hybrid INFRASTRUCTURE

CAR

SMALL BOAT

TRAIN

Randall’s Island

Rat Island

1783

St at e END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR Se is na la te nd , fo bou r$ g 40 ht

Randall’s Island

Rat Island

Yo rk

Randall’s Island

Roosevelt Island

te r, N

Roosevelt Island

1609

FERRY

Ward’s Island

Ellis Island

BUS

CURRENT USE

UN-INHABITED

North Brother Island

Roosevelt Island

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE In di an 16 s 69 so ), ld fo th rw e ho lan m dt Pe o T lh ho am m Ba as y Pe Pa ll rk (c is .16 na 10 m ed

1600

North Brother Island

Hunter Island

North Brother Island

1700

1654

Liberty Island

Hunter Island is connected to nearby Twin Island and Rodman’s Neck by landfill and sunken barges. These islands were privately owned before the city bought them to create Pelham Bay Park. Hunter Island was once owned by John Hunter, a wealthy auctioneer and farmer. The land holds the largest continuous oak forest in Pelham Bay Park, including white oaks (Quercus alba), red oaks (Quercus rubra), and black oaks (Quercus velutinaPopulus alba), black cherry (Prunus serotina), white pines (Pinus strobus), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and black locust trees, Many of the plants, including wildflowers, are rare. Lousewort, Alumroot, and Broad Beech Fern, all present on Hunter Island, are virtually absent in other New York City parks. Even though the island is now connected to a larger park, it retains its unique ecosystem.

Stone bridge (connecting Hunter Island to Twin Island)

Water Edge

Kazimiroff Nature Trail

Landfill connecting Hunter Island to Rodman’s Neck

ture Trai l

1:500 0

1:2500

018

1:10,000

INDUSTRIAL

AGRICULTURE

0.005

Twin0.025 Island

0.1

MILITARY

BIRD SANCTUARY RECREATION

2000

HOSPITAL

1985

1967

1945

1937

SPORTS

ff Na

RECREATIONMUSEUM

PRISON

imiro

E RESIDENTIAL BIRD SANCTUARY PRISON RESIDENTIAL

1889 1900

MILITARY

Kaz

SPORTS

1865 1865

1812

1804

1800 INDUSTRIAL

Jo h N nH ew u Yo nte rk r I C II, ity s M old ay H (1 or A unt 80 m er 4- b Is 18 ro lan 78 se d ) f K to or in fo Th $1 gs rm e C 27 lan er ity ,5 d END OF CIVIL WAR 01 of N ew Yo rk pu rc ha se d th e Pa l $ r 32 and de ks 4, fo ci C 00 r de om 0 d m t fil o d iss l L r io eR ed ne oy ge r R ’s th o Ba e s be y a n rt du d M rin of os g th es M Hu th e ar n e Ro (18 in te e rI O con cka 88Zo sl rc st w 19 ol an ha ru a 8 og d rd cti ys 1) K w y Be on to az a an s ac of d de D im G c h. r. ir Th OF of WWII eo la END lo red eo f N gy t do at Sa he re ure nc Hu K T tu nt a z ra ar er im il, y iro cre by Isla lo nd w ff, a ate c d et la Br an law al nd on d . s x na pr hi m es st e er ori d a va an ft tii a er on nd is t.

WAR OF 1812

0, th 00 e 0.

Building Use Over Time RESIDENTIAL PRISON

SPORTS MU

MUSEUM

Land Use Over Time UN-INHABITED

UN-INHABITED

0.01 Miles 0.02

0.05

Miles 0.1

0.2

Miles 0.4

Manhattan

19. Randall/Wardâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Island 20. Manhattan

21. Mill Rock 22. Roosevelt Island 23. U Thant Island

24. Ellis Island

25. Liberty Island

26. Governorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Island

1.5

Miles

1783

1772 ch un la sh Br iti

NO-MOSES LOW-MOSES

TRAM

MEDIUM-MOSES LOW-MOSES

TRAIN

MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

NO ACCESS

Infrastructure MAXIMUM-MOSES

BUS MAXIMUM-MOSES

RESIDENTIAL

CAR

PRISON

Building Use Over TRAM TRAIN Time TRAIN HOSPITAL

SPORTS

NO ACCESS INDUSTRIAL

BUS

FERRY

SMALL BOAT CAR

FERRY PLANE

SMALL BOATTRAM

PLANE TRAIN

NO ACCESS HOSPITALMILITARY

INDUSTRIAL RESIDENTIAL

MILITARY PRISON

MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

UN-INHABITED

Land Use Over MUSEUM Time

AGRICULTURE

BIRD SANCTUARY

TRAM NO ACCESS

MUSEUM

SEUM

SPORTS

MAXIMUM-MOSES

NO-MOSES

PLANE

RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY

PRISON

amMo Ow ph ntre ned i Pu bio sor by rc us ’s h Jo ha a t o u h n se tac se M o k d by s o was ntre n b s Jo M o na an urn r th ha ed an tta R n an d END OF REVOLUTIONARY WARel

1637 in

th e HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE N at iv e Am er ic an s fo rf ar m

AGRICULTURE

MEDIUM-MOSES

SMALL BOAT

RESIDENTIAL

1784

MILITARY

1700

INDUSTRIAL

Land Use Over Time

1600

1609

HOSPITAL

Robert Moses Meter

ucture

er N me

Building Use Over Time

fro m ed as rc h Pu

Meter

MOSES EMPIRE

Randall’s Island

er me

RANDALL’S ISLAND

AGRICULTURE RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY SPORTS

RECREATION UN-INHABITED

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

MUSEUM

TRAIN

rou gh

Tri bo

eT rai

idg

21 Manhattan

Mill Rock

Ro be en

rt F .K ne dy Bri

0.15

ll’ s

Is la n

tio n

MILITARY

BIRD SANCTUARY RECREATION

2000

1992

INDUSTRIAL

AGRICULTURE

1945

1936

1916

1900

1865

1854

1835

1812

1800

HOSPITAL

END OF WWII

ct Q ue co Ro en nn be r s ec t an ts F.K d Q en Br ue n on en ed x s y= to T Br rib on o x rou to g M hB an r ha idg tta e n

HEND OF CIVIL WAR el lg at e ra ilw ay br id ge co nn e

rc ha se WAR OF 1812 d R by ef or N m ew ed Yo sc rk ho ol C ity fo rj uv en ile de lin qu en ts

Building Use Over Time RESIDENTIAL PRISON

SPORTS

dg Bronx

Ra n Wa dalls rds

Queens

Miles 0.6

Land Use Over Time UN-INHABITED

Building Use Over Time

Wards Island HOSPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

Bad Rap

SPORTS

HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL UN-INHABITED

1783

RESIDEN

1776 1777 BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

Br iti

AGRICULTURE

0, 0

Land Use Over Time

ov e th rno e is r W la o HENRY HUDSON’S nd ut VOYAGE e fro r V m an th Tw e N ille at r iv pu e Am rch er as ic ed an s

MILITARY

1784

RECREATION

ut ch D

MUSEUM

PRISON

1700

BIRD SANCTUARY

1637

1609

AGRICULTURE

1600

RESIDENTIAL

Building Use Over Time

Land Use Over Time

Ward’s Island

MILITARY

sh Br m itish ilit e er ar s y tab an ba li d se sh Ba er mi rth ad lit ol om ic ar at y ew e d ba pu W by se a rc rd fir ha ( e se bro d th is er la s) END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR nd

Dutch Governor Wouter Van Twiller purchased the island from Native Americans in 1637. In 1776, the island maintained a British army base that was set on fire by their own army because they believed that the American Rebels were going to invade their base with a large-scaled attack. Shortly after the fire, Jasper and Bartholomew Ward bought the island. Meter The island subsequently enteredMEDIUM-MOSES a new NO-MOSES NO-MOSES LOW-MOSES LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES phase as a hospice for the City of New York. The State Emigrant Refuge for the NO-MOSES LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES Homoeopathic Hospital 1875 “sick and destitute aliens” opens in the LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES Infrastructure Infrastructure 1850s. The homeopathic hospital, inebriate asylum, a rest home for Civil War MAXIMUM-MOSES BUS BUS CAR FERRY FERRY SMALL BOAT SMALL BOAT PLANE PLANE TRAM TRAM TRAIN TRAIN NO ACCESS NO ACCESS CAR Veterans and an insane asylum soon after cture were established. During the decades BUS CAR FERRY SMALL BOAT TRAIN NO ACCESS of the 1990s and 2000s,PLANE the City of NewTRAM FERRY SMALL BOAT PLANE York invested TRAM money towards TRAIN cleanup NO ACCESS ng ilding Use Use Over Over programs to help combat litter and buildTimeTime AM TRAIN NO ACCESS INDUSTRIAL MUSEUM MUSEUM Even with the effort of these HOSPITAL HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL ing decay. MILITARY MILITARY RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL PRISONPRISON well-intentioned campaigns to alleviate e the island, the truth is thatPRISON they have notMUSEUM HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL impacted the community enough to raise it MUSEUM MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON nd Land Use Use Over Over from its historical strife. Building Conditions in 1860 TimeTime

Size 544 Acres Dimensions 7000 ft x 3000 ft Borough Manhattan Population 1386 Body of Water East River Ownership City of New York Dist. from Land .09 miles to Manhattan Robert ert Moses Moses Meter Natural or Meter Natural Artificial

USEUM

AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURE RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY SPORTS

BIRD SANCTUARY BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

RECREATION RECREATION

SPORTS

SPORTSSPORTS

UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED

UN-INHABITED

Wards Island Bridge During the Winter Season

Aerial View of Randall’s and Wards Islands

21 BIRD SANCTUARY RECREATION SPORTS

or ou en otb gh ta rid br lp g id or e t ge tio o n M op a i s sh fl nh en ip ex at s s ib ta to le n pa to is ss al er un low ec C OF WWII END ity de c ted -w rn arg . id ea o e th cl ea Ic nu ha p n pr st og ad ra iu m m s op de en pl oy s in ed R to ec and ar ea on al l om ’s i s ic la gr nd ow , th brin to gi ar ng ea

Land Use Over Time

RESIDENTIAL

RECREATIONMUSEUM

Manhattan

0.005

SPORTS

0.01

Queens

2005

MILITARY

2000

PRISON

1990

RESIDENTIAL BIRD SANCTUARY

1951

INDUSTRIAL

1945

1936

MILITARY AGRICULTURE

HOSPITAL

Tr ib

AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRIAL

1900

HOSPITAL

1865

1850

1843

1812

1800 uilding Use Over Time

END OF CIVIL WAR

0 po 00 tte bo r’s die fie s H ld ex WAR rOFom1812 e s e a n d hum t h op e om at reb d f e hic urie rom fo h r C os d o a iv pita n W Ma il n in Wa l, in ard hat s ta sa r eb ne Ve ria isla n’s nd as tera te yl ns as um a ylu n op d a m , en n s

Building Use Over Time PRISON MUSEUM

Land Use Over Time UN-INHABITED

UN-INHABITED

Bronx

Randall’s Island Wards Island

Miles 0.02

Mill Rock Island

0.025

0.05

Miles 0.1

0.15

0.3

Miles 0.6

Building Use Over Time

Manhattan

HOSPITAL

Big Apple

Manhattan

obert Moses Meter MEDIUM-MOSES NO-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES

Infrastructure LOW-MOSES NO-MOSES

cture ding Use Over MEDIUM-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES BUS FERRY Time RESIDENTIAL

eand Use PLANE PLANE Over HOSPITAL MILITARY Time SPORTS

MAXIMUM-MOSES LOW-MOSES

SMALL BOAT

Meter

TRAM CAR

di m in is h

n tio la pu po pe na Le

MEDIUM-MOSES

TRAIN

MEDIUM-MOSES LOW-MOSES PLANE BUS

MAXIMUM-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES FERRY TRAIN

FERRY

RECREATION RESIDEN

SMALL NO ACCESS BOAT

AGRICULTURE

BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

MAXIMUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES PLANE

TRAM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

PLANE

MAXIMUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES SMALL CARBOAT HOSPITAL PRISON

TRAM TRAM INDUSTRIAL RESIDENTIAL

AGRICULTURE UN-INHABITED

FERRY PLANE MUSEUM INDUSTRIAL

TRAIN TRAIN

BUS

MILITARY PRISON

BIRD SANCTUARY

SMALL TRAM BOAT

PLANE TRAIN

MILITARY

NO NO ACCESS ACCESS

RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

MUSEUM

CAR CAR

MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL

RECREATION

NO TRAM ACCESS

PRISON

SPORTS

MUSEUM

UN-INHABITED

NASA Image of Manhattan

eAL

PRISON PRISON

AGRICULTURE RECREATION

MUSEUM MUSEUM BIRD SANCTUARY SPORTS

RECREATION UN-INHABITED

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED

Bird’s Eye View

1797

1783

1775 1776

BIRD SANCTUARY MILITARY

N e G wY re o at rk ly P da ro m vi ag nc ed ia by l C th on Fi e gr rs G es tT r h l co ir as eat s to m dA t B F ok pl v rit ire th et e is ed nu h of N e p fo o co e B rc ew we nn rid e le Yo r ec ge ft r te ”C th k d e N ole c ew s END OF REVOLUTIONARY WARity Yo Bri rk dg to e” En wa gl s an

1700

1663

1653

1625

1609

1600 C on

te d

by th st Th e ru e Le ct bi na io rth n pe w da as te HENRY HUDSON’SstVOYAGE o ar f N N te e ew d w on Y Ar m a ork st F or cita Ci er t A d ty da m rm el , N w st and ew as er da N i n et m c he or rla po nd ra te w d as as re a am ci ed ty N ew Yo rk

Land Use Over Time

AGRICULTURE HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL

Almost Isolated (considering the amount of connection it has in relation to total activities it holds its own and relates to the neighbours) from the rest of the world, Manhattan Island managed to burst into a unique planet of its own. By knitting one complicated transportation network underground and constructing skyscrapers Manhattan Island expanded its territory not only horizontally but also vertically. In vertical direction, the development will not be interfer by environment outside of the island. In this sense, Manhattan was able to develop inward and became an Utopia for all kinds of cultural civilization.

Natural / Artificial

SMALL BOAT

MILITARY

LandOver Use Time Over Time Building Use

22.7 Acres 13.23 x 2.3 miles Manhattan 1,634,795 Hudson Harbor City of New York 0

INDUSTRIAL

Subway

Th ird

tr a nu e

B rid

lP ar

Av e

C en

w as

ed pu

AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE RECREATION SPORTS RECREATIONUN-INHABITED RECREATION SPORTS RECREATION SPORTS UN-INHABITED SPORTS SPORTS UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED DRECREATION SANCTUARY BIRD SANCTUARY BIRD SANCTUARY BIRD SANCTUARY

th e

bl ic co B m H r pl ar oo et W l kl ed END OF m ill CIVILeWAR y n ia W R B m ill iv rid s e A iam r ge M S ven sb Shi op La an u p u u rg C en nd ha bw e a e B ed n fil tta ay l e n u ridg Bri al dg op xp /Q nd e e en o an ue er d en co pen ope ed l n ed ow sb s m ne os er or tru d tp M o B ctio an r n op ha idg H ul ol at tta e la ed n nd Q c ue Tu ity en T nn in s Li rib el th M nc or op e w id o o en or to ln B r w T id ed ld B n un g ro b Tu n e ok oo o e nn l p l m po yn ti el op en pu Ba me op en ed la tte o en ed f tio r S ed n y T ky an u s n c d END OF WWII ind nel rap us op er try en s de ed cl in e re bi rt h of cr in du im e st ry ra te dr op pe d 9. 11 at ta ct

WAR OF 1812

1900

1945

1.25

2.5

2000 2001

1990

1980

1960

1950

MUSEUM MUSEUM PRISONPRISON

1920 1925 1927 1931 1936 1937 1940

1904 1909 1910

MUSEUM RIAL Y HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL HOSPITAL RESIDENTIAL MILITARY INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON MILITARY MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL PRISON

1895 1896

1883

1865 1868

1858

1812

1800 e

MUSEUM MUSEUM

Miles

Mill Rock Island MILITARY

Mill Rock Island

MUSEUM

PRISON

Building Use Over Time HOSPITAL UN-INHABITED

SPORTS

PLANE PLANE

TRAM

L L

TRAM TRAM

MEDIUM-MOSES TRAIN

PRISON PRISON

TRAIN TRAIN

NO ACCESS

MUSEUM MUSEUM

th Joh at n ga M ve ar th sh e b is ui la lt nd a its mi na ll m e

by N ut ati ch ve m A an m W eric ill a ia ns n H to al le t

Natrual / Artificial MAXIMUM-MOSES

so ld

HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE MEDIUM-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES

MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

at that time there were two islands, Great Mill Rock and

Land Use Over Time

4 Acres 810 ft x 388 ft Manhattan 0 Upper New York Bay City of New York MAXIMUM-MOSES 860 ft toMAXIMUM-MOSES Manhattan

INDUSTRIAL

1783

RECREATION

AGRICULTURE

us ed w as ith an tw A o m ca er END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR nn ica on n th e s fo bl w rt as . oc Jo k bu A b ho hn ilt loc

BIRD SANCTUARY

1664

1600

AGRICULTURE

RESIDENTIAL

Isolated Park

1609

Time

INDUSTRIAL

1707

MN HOSPITAL

1700 1701

Time

RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

Mill Rock was designated by Robert Moses to be a national park after WWII. However, the park became unreachable due to demolition of dock at 90th Street. Today, it is a floating secret garden with willow and poplar. Similar to Liberty Island and many other islands in New York Harbor, Mill Rock was used for various fortification purposes before WWII. It was also the venue where the largest intenNO ACCESS NO ACCESS tional explosion prior to atomic bomb was carried out to destroy obstacles that were causing voyage problems. It is an interesting contrast that this tranquil utopia was once full of military actions.

Image Cutline

MUSEUM

UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED

View from FDR Drive

Randall’s Island

Manhattan

Mill Rock Island

Queens Legend Ferry Building Park

Bird’s Eye View

Roosevelt Island

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 Miles

Regional Map

ou se

on ckh G ou r s t b eat e cl ai ur M m ill ne WAR OF 1812 ed d do G squ re a w n at tte so sol M r’s d ill r ld a R igh to t $ oc ts C 40 k to ha t bo o rle S at s an s Le d la y G n la d ib r fo so at ge r$ n om st 30 i Fl 0 oo ic b nte n o d sp I m t ac sla b ion e nd too al be r k e tw em pla xpl ee WAR na ce os END OF CIVIL n n i G ts on on re w p at er Flo rio an e u od r t d se Isl o pr Litt d t and od le o uc Mi fill in ll R the g M oc ill ks th R , oc su e a k r rv m e y an ry co d ing nti f o a nu r r nd ed R ep b it ob ai la as er rin st tM g ing a b os bo o as es at pe e f de h M s ra or ed ad os an t i es d on M th ill e bu s ra f R e oy oc de pl zed s an a k ra to l tin ll g p t o g h ar ve w e k i b de r nm END OF WWII llow uil pa en d an in rtm t d gs en po o t pl n ar M Is la in ill Is R la de nd nd the oc ir k, m be u ol ca se pla is m c hm e d as e en ou pa to t rk f d of oc rea k c at h 90 du th e t St o re et

AGRICULTURE

BIRD SANCTUARY RECREATION

SPORTS

0.025

RECREATION SPORTS

0.05

2000

RESIDENTIAL MILITARY

1993

MUSEUM BIRDRECREATION SANCTUARY

1980

INDUSTRIAL MILITARY

1967

AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE RESIDENTIAL BIRD PRISON SANCTUARY

1953

INDUSTRIAL HOSPITAL

1945

HOSPITAL

1949

1900

MILITARY

1890

INDUSTRIAL

1885

HOSPITAL

1865

g Use Over Time

1860 1863

1850

1821

1812 1812

1800

Building Use Over Building TimeUse Over Time RESIDENTIAL PRISON MUSEUM PRISON

Land Use OverLand TimeUse Over Time UN-INHABITED SPORTS UN-INHABIT

d Little Mill Rock d Use Over Time

UN-INHABITED

Miles 0.1

ROOSEVELT ISLAND

COMMUNITY ISLAND

1783

1700

Th OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR END e ci ty of N ew Yo

So l co d b nf y N is a ca tiv te e d A an m d eri gi ca ve n n st to o Ab Wi ra llia ha m m sH R al yc le he tt n

1664

1609 HENRY HUDSON’S VOYAGE

1600

Roosevelt Island

ert Moses Meter NO-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES

LOW-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

Robert Moses Meter MEDIUM-MOSES

InfrastructureMEDIUM-MOSES TRAM LOW-MOSES

BUS

MAXIMUM-MOSES

NO-MOSES

TRAIN

Infrastructure PLANE g Use Over SMALL BOAT PLANE BUS Time SMALL BOAT

FERRY

MUSEUM

lding Use Over RESIDENTIAL Time d UseRESIDENTIAL Over Time

MILITARY

Land Use Over SPORTS Time SPORTS RECREATION

SMALL BOAT HOSPITAL

PRISON

HOSPITAL PRISON RESIDENTIAL AGRICULTURE

LOW-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

CAR NO ACCESS MEDIUM-MOSES

TRAM

FERRY

SMALL BOAT MAXIMUM-MOSES

TRAIN

CAR

PLANE INDUSTRIAL

MEDIUM-MOSES

TRAIN FERRY TRAM MILITARY

PLANE

TRAM

SPORTS

TRAIN

SMALL BOAT NO ACCESS TRAIN RESIDENTIAL

PLANE NO ACCESS PRISON

TRAM MUSEUM

MUSEUM

INDUSTRIAL MUSEUM PRISON BIRD SANCTUARY

MILITARY MUSEUM RECREATION

BIRD SANCTUARY UN-INHABITED

RECREATION

NO ACCESS

RESIDENTIAL

SPORTS

PRISON

UN-INHABITED

AGRICULTURE UN-INHABITED

MAXIMUM-MOSES

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

MUSEUM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

UN-INHABITED AGRICULTURE

Land Use Over Time

th e Thfirst e ce a n END OF CIVILsWAR yl ter um f o mrs ov tu es dy Q to ing ue W pa en ar th sb ds ol or Is ogy ou la nd gh B rid R en ge am op D P ed e m ri en W o l s on s el iti r on e fa l r e o f oc Is th ate la In e d nd st pe t o itu n ite Ri tio nt ke ns ia rs C ar ry Is i U ty e bu la rb le c lo an a ild nd se s in Is MDe es d g la a v fo or nd s el r r o e 9 t e p re r e 9 lo ca na pla m ye te m n en ar END OF WWII d ed by t C s t h in B or e Tr ho urgpo isla amno eerat n i d arc of anon to ce F. d (U th ssD. Jo DC e to Ro hn ) th os so Su e ev n is e bw la lt nd ay st op op en s

SPORTS

BIRD SANCTUARY

Qu ee

Bri

AGRICULTURE RECREATION

SPORTS BIRD SANCTUARY

Ro os

ev elt Isla nd Bri

0.2

UN-INHABITED RECREATION

SPORTS

MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL

2000

1989

PRISON MILITARY

1969 1973 1975 1976

1952

HOSPITAL RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL

1945

1935 1936

1921

MILITARY

1909

INDUSTRIAL

1900

MUSEUM HOSPITAL

1892 1892

1865

1841 1847 1849

1828 1832

1812

1800

PRISON

Land Use Over Time

ity B pur la c ck ha w se el d l p th en e ite Isla nt n d ia ry C Fi ity rs th A a os lm syl pi sh um ta o l o us pe e ns

C RESIDENTIAL

WAR OF 1812

or k

uilding Use Over Time Building Use Over Time

PRISON MUSEUM

UN-INHABITED

dg e

Miles 0.8

U Thant / Belmont Island The Leftovers

END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1783

1700

1609 HENRY HUDSONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S VOYAGE

1600

U-Thant Island

U Thant Island, equally known as Belmont Island, has existed as a leftover space in the East River for over 100 years. It was a mass without identity until 1976, when the island was leased to United Nations employees whose dream was to MAXIMUM-MOSES comMEDIUM-MOSES memorate their hero U Thant. He was the Burmese diplomat to the U.N. and his visions of peace and harmony were fulfilled with the construction of a memorial in his honor. Although the island and structures SMALL BOAT PLANE TRAM that commemorate the utopian ideologiesTRAIN are left out to the forces of nature, the thirty foot tall structure continues to stand proud. The existance and perserverence MAXIMUM-MOSES LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES of the island throughout its history is an attribute to itsPRISON natural and pure state devoid MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL of human inhabitation.

Size .46 Acres Dimensions 100 ft x 200 ft Borough Manhattan Population 0 Body of Water East River Ownership City of New York O-MOSES LOW-MOSES Dist. from Land .19 miles to Manhattan Natural or Artificial Hybrid

CAR

FERRY

NO-MOSES

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

BUS

CAR

BIRD SANCTUARY

HOSPITAL

AGRICULTURE

FERRY

RECREATION

INDUSTRIAL

BIRD SANCTUARY

SMALL BOAT

SPORTS

MILITARY

RECREATION

PLANE

TRAM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

Front Page News of New York Tribune from October 14, 1906

NO ACCESS

UN-INHABITED

RESIDENTIAL

SPORTS

PRISON

MUSEUM

U Thant in Discussion at the White House

UN-INHABITED

Current Island Condition

Memorial Sign with Peace Poem

SPORTS UN-INHABITED

SPORTS

Lin

0.005

0.01

2000

RECREATION

1976

1945

PRISON

I fo sla r m nd ed lea ita se a ti d rc WWII END OF h” on. by er 30 U ec f nit te oo ed d t fo ta Na r m ll tio em stee ns or l tu em ia b pl l t e oy o “p e U e es Th a c an e t

RESIDENTIAL

1900

BIRD SANCTUARY

1890

RECREATION AGRICULTURE

1865

MILITARY

an N o’at w Be i on ar lm s re o n Th be ef t’s CIVIL ro WAR END OF co ac u ex g m ro ca ho es ss u si fro us vat t th te m ed ed e fo th d to so e r au il cad ne e U w n gm for e, is ite la d en tra St nd t t ns ein he it w t a u is n y la ne an nd ls d fo is rm

at ur al

1812

BIRD SANCTUARY

WAR OF 1812

1800 INDUSTRIAL MUSEUM

Land Use Over Time UN-INHABITED

7T rai

Miles 0.02

U.S Gateway Ward’s Island

Randall’s Island

Rat Island

ew N lli s,

Dist. from Land Natural or Artificial

Artificial

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

INFRASTRUCTURE

POLITICS MAXIMUM-MOSES

FERRY

CAR NO-MOSES

TRAM

NO ACCESS

HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL BIRD SANCTUARY RECREATION

ULTURE

Ellis Island in New York Harbor was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States as the site of the nation’s busiest immigration station from 1892 to 1954. Prior to that, the much smaller original island was the site of Fort Gibson and later aMEDIUM-MOSES naval magazine. The island was MAXIMUM-MOSES greatly expanded with landfill between 1892 and 1934. Since 1990, restored buildings on the island have hosted a museum of immigration run by the National Park Service as part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.MUSEUM A 1998 RESIDENTIAL PRISON United States Supreme Court decision found most of the island to be part of New Jersey.

SMALL BOAT LOW-MOSES

TRAIN

CURRENT USE

Rat Island

lE ue m

35 Acres 1500 ft x 790 ft Manhattan Uninhabited New York Harbor State of New Jersey (22.5 acres) LOW-MOSES State of New York (5 acres) 1/2 mile to Jersey city

O-MOSES

SPITAL

pa p rs hi ne w O

Size Dimensions Borough Population Body of Water Ownership

1783 1785

MILITARY

Aerial View

The original immigration station, Castle PLANElocated TRAM manhattanTRAIN Garden, was in lower MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES until it was closed in 1890. The context of Ellis island being relatively close yet separated from New York City.

SPORTS

RESIDENTIAL UN-INHABITED

NO ACCESS

MUSEUM

PRISON

Immigration Musuem

MUSEUM

BUS NO

CAR LOW

AGRICULTURE

FERRY MEDIUM

BIRD SANCTUARY

SMALL BOAT

PLANE

TRAM

TRAIN

NO ACCESS

HIGH

RECREATION

SPORTS

UN-INHABITED

Development Diagram

fa rm ta o Yo ve wn rn er rk fo op C rf e ity is ra ce he te de rm d d en a END OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR th . ei ri sl an d of to t N he

ss ed

Roosevelt Island

Ward’s Island

RESIDENTIAL

Je rs ey

1600

fro HENRY HUDSON’SmVOYAGE Th Nat e ive C A ol m on e ia rica lD n ut s to ch .

1700

Ellis Island

Roosevelt Island

North Brother Island

1609

Ellis Island

North Brother Island

Ellis Island

1630

North Brother Island

Liberty Island

Immigration Customs

Is Im l m ENDanOF ig d CIVIL WAR ra II tio si an ze d n of III St at El we io lis re n Is a op l d a Im n de en d Th m d ed nu e ig to in . m r c m is be Imm atio or rea la r e n s nd o ig p th in w f im rati eak an g th as m o ed 17 e t fo igr n A in acr ota cu an c 19 es l se ts t g Th 07 . d , a re e . de as nd atly ex Imm a t po d he lim cl rt ete us ite us igr at n e d io a io ti o th th n a tio n on f t e n e st a he El cl nd Ac at n lis os de t io d Is in po br n. la o nd g o rta ad f t tio en w he n e as im of a d th lis te m lie e g d ig ns ro ra , END OF WWII on tio lea und th El e n di s f re lis N st ng or at no Is at to io va la na ion te nd H d is l R st reo to e at p ric gis io en n Pl ter d ho e ac o us d t es f in o t . g he th e pu Im bl m ic M igr with us a t eu ion a m .

WAR OF 1812

ew e S Yo tate rk .

ry Fer

rty Libe from

0.005

2000

UN-INHABITED

1990

1966

1954

HOSPITAL

d / Manhattan Islan

1:500

1945

1924

1907

1900

1892

1865

1812

1808

1800 MILITARY

MUSEUM

0.01

Tourist Destination

Liberty Island

MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

PRISON

Time Use Over Time Land Use OverBuilding Time Use OverBuilding

1783

1664

RESIDENTIAL MILITAR UN-INHABITE

Land Use Over Time Land Use Over Time

g in iven c T lu t la om) de he n d b s na y Lib m th e e e rty O se , ys ttl Ell te er is r s Is Is t la la HENRY HUDSON’So tVOYAGE he nd, nds N an (w ew d h N Bla ich et ck he En rgl is h go ve rn is or la R nd ic to har C d ap N ta ico in ll R sg ob r er ant t N ed La ee th nd dh e fil am lin g af t ob er t lit he er tu at rn ed o th f th e e oy ce so st ntu ld er ry fo be r5 ds sh A il do lin lp gs he to pu Ph N rc ili ew ha K ps Y en se e ork n u an m d C se ed b d er y th orp d y a H ch A e or as ll en a rc is at a ow ry nts hi la io s e ba nd n m d La o t ld ne fo f t allp he K r £ he o is en 1, C x q lan ne 00 it d dy 0 y o uar to fo f an a N r N g e th w us ew tin ai e e n e fe Yo as Yo st be r d de e k r a k atio fe ral Sta pe bo n ns g te st u iv ove Le ho gh e r g n us t fo m is e rt e lat (a nt, ur lo fo e 11 C ng r ce -p on w the de oi st ith c d nt ru c G on the st tio ov s is ar n er tru la . f of no cWAR n or la END OF REVOLUTIONARY r's tio d to tw n n d Is o as b la f na att n a m ery Elli d a ed in s n Fo th Isla d

Land Use Over Time

MILITARYAGRICULTURE RESIDENTIAL HOSPITAL PRISON INDUSTRIAL HOSPITAL MILITARY INDUSTRIAL RECREATIONMUSEUM SPORTS BIRD SANCTUARY

1756 1758

INDUSTRIAL

1609

HOSPITAL

1600

INDUSTRIAL

1746

Building Use Over Time

HOSPITAL

1732

Building Use Over Time

Liberty Island

1700

AGRICULTURE

15 Acres 1253 ft x 626 ft Manhattan 0 New York Harbor National Park Service 1.65 mi to Manhattan Natural

MAXIMUM-MOSES

SMALL BOAT NO-MOSES

TRAM

TRAIN

FERRY

NO ACCESS

BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

AGRICULTURE SPORTS

AGRICULTURE UN-INHABITED BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION BIRD SANCTUARY

Being one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States, the Liberty Island has a long history of being the America’s pride. Aside from staging the State of Liberty Enlightening the World, the island was also one of the most important fortifications that defended the country from its invadors before WWII. Prior to being part of the most important defense system of New York Harbor, the island was one of the major oyster suppliers of the region providing sustenance to the surrounding inhabitants. Throughout its history, this island has never dimmed from its significant role as the gateway to America.

Aerial Image

MUSEUM

Map of Bedloe’s Island in 1772

Manhattan Ellis Island

Liberty Island Governors Island Legend Ferry Building Park

View of Fort Wood in 1939

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 Miles

Land Use Over Time

AGRICULTURE

en Li as be th rt e y si pe En te de lig for st ht th al en e w in Sta as c g o f END OF CIVIL WAR th tue in rn Pr is er e W of h s es e t or id d on ld en an e t G d wa u s ro nv ve e lai r C ile d le d b ve y la nd A rm y P m e n os ili tir t a ta e b ry is an in lan do st d n al p ed la as a th tio s n e n ed d j na w t ur m e F a o is Is Li or s cothe dic la be t W m N tio nd Pr p a n rt to esid y oo let tio of th en Is d el n th e la w y a St t Ly nd er re l P e at nd e m ar w ue o as tor ove k n of B m nd d Li J ad o o b END OF WWII e wn er hn de of ty so si fic N n gn at a ia at io dd l na e ed d lM Li th be e on Elli St rt um s C at ro y Is ue en la w W t nd n or of of L c l i d b l St os H er at er ty ed ue ita a f or of ge s a Li 1 Si 00 be te rty da ys re op af te en r9 ed /1 to 1 af pu te bl r J ic ul y 4

WAR OF 1812

an or he t W sh d) oo ap d eo du f rin g

BIRD SANCTUARY RECREATION

SPORTS

rry Fe

Ferry

to Ell

n ta

t ha

an M

0.025

0.05

2009

2000 2001

1984

PRISON

1965

1956

RESIDENTIAL

1950

MILITARY

1944 1945

1937

1900

INDUSTRIAL

1884 1886

HOSPITAL

1877

1865

1812 1812

1800 ilding Use Over Time MUSEUM

UN-INHABITED

is Isla

Miles 0.1

Governor’s Island

Strategic Sanctuary Building Use Over Time

172 Acres 4480 ft x 1600 ft Manhattan LOW-MOSES LOW-MOSES 3400 in 1990 Upper New York Bay MEDIUM-MOSES City of New York 1 mile to Manhattan MAXIMUM-MOSES Hybrid

O-MOSES ES

LOW-MOSES

SPITAL

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

RESIDENTIAL

MUSEUM

PRISON

MAXIMUM-MOSES CAR CAR

FERRY FERRY

FERRY

TRAM

PLANE

TRAIN

MUSEUM BIRD SANCTUARY ULTURE BIRD SANCTUARY

RECREATION

RECREATION RECREATION

SPORTS

NHABITED

TRAIN

LOW

MEDIUM

C on st ew ru ct U Yo io n i rk n te be d tra St n gi ns at sf es er on r go ed Fo ve t rt h END OF REVOLUTIONARY rn e WAR Ja m Is y en la t f nd or pu m to t rp ilita he os r

1794

MILIT

BIRD SANCTUARY

AGRICULTURE

Founded by the Dutch in 1637 and referred to by The Native Americans as Nut Island after the Island’s hickory, oak and chestnut trees. Its MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES location made the Island a perfect fishing camp for local tribes and many residents of the area MAXIMUM-MOSES used the Island seasonally.

SMALL BOAT SMALL BOAT

SMALL BOAT

Land Use Over Time

The Island’s strategic location resulted in its use as a military facility for over 200 years. In the early 1900’s the island changed physically, MUSEUM MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL PRISON RESIDENTIAL PRISON using infill from the construction of Lexington MUSEUM adding 103 acres of fill on the PRISON Avenue Subway south side of the Island. In 1924, a municipal airport was proposed for the Island. Instead, Liggett Hall, a large structure designed by McKim, Mead & White, was built.

MILITARY MILITARY

INDUSTRIAL

1783

1700

1664

1637

1609

HOSPITAL

W fro H ou m oll te th an r V e d, an N p VOYAGE HENRY HUDSON’S at u Tw iv rc i e ha lle Am s r, er ed rep ic Go re an v s s er en of no ta A M rs tiv m an Is e to st ah lan of ok er at d d N a T as u t m he te , r E n en n Is a g la m lis n in h un d, w g i ca fo hi t N p rti ch e tu fie h w re d ad Yo d by b rk Ne th ee , a w e n nd D le ut ft ch

1600

Governor’s Island

PLANE PLANE

TRAM

TRAIN TRAIN

Aerial Photo of Governor’s Island

NO ACCESS NO ACCESS

In 1995, the Coast Guard closed its facilities TRAM TRAIN NO ACCESS ending Governor’s Island Military tenancy. In 2001, 22 acres of the Island was designated as NO ACCESS the Governors Island National Monument.

In recent years Governors Island held an interUN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED nation design competition eventually awarding West 8 urban design & landscape. West 8’s UN-INHABITEDproposal invisional Governor’s Island as the next great “world park”: an icon for the city and a beacon in the New York City harbor. SPORTSSPORTS

NO ACCESS

LOW

MEDIUMMEDIUM

HIGH

INFILL

Location Map

Governor’s Island Expansion

1859 Map of Governor’s Island, Pre-Expansion

Robert Moses MeterRobert Moses Meter

Building Use Over Time

NO-MOSES

NO-MOSES LOW-MOSES

LOW-MOSES MEDIUM-MOSES

MEDIUM-MOSES MAXIMUM-MOSES

MAXIMUM-MOSES

HOSPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

RESIDENTIA

Building Use Over Building Use Over Time Time MUSEUM

MUSEUM

PRISON

BIRD SANCTUARY AGRICULTURE

RECREATION BIRD SANCTUARY

SPORTSRECREATION

UN-INHABITED SPORTS

HOSPITAL TRAIN TRAM

INDUSTRIAL HOSPITAL MILITARY INDUSTRIALBIRD SANCTUARY RESIDENTIAL MILITARY TRAIN NO ACCESS AGRICULTURE

NO ACCESS

RESIDENTIAL PRISON RECREATION

2010

PLANE

2000

TRAM

2001 2003

PLANE SMALL BOAT

1996

SMALL BOAT FERRY

1966

MUSEUM CAR

FERRY

1945

BUS

1918 1924

CAR

Land Use Over Time AGRICULTURE

RESIDENTIAL

1912

Land Use Over Time

PRISON

Building Use Over Building Time UseUse Over Time Land Over Time

Infrastructure BUS

RESIDENTIAL MILITARY

1865

RESIDENTIAL

1812

1800

TARY

MILITARY INDUSTRIAL

UN-INHABITED

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Building Use Over Time SPORTS SPORTS

RECREATION RECREATION

UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED

Time

HOSPITAL

INDUSTRIAL

MILITARY

MUSEUM HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON uilding Use Over Time RECREATION SPORTS UN-INHABITED BIRD SANCTUARY SANCTUARY RECREATION SPORTS UN-INHABITED Use Over Time meBIRD HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON MUSEUM HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL MUSEUM HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARYTime RESIDENTIAL PRISON Time PRISON Building Use Over Building Use Over MUSEUM HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON

RESIDENTIAL

MUS

PRISON

1900 MUSEUM MUSEUM

INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL MUSEUM HOSPITAL MILITARY HOSPITAL RESIDENTIAL PRISON Land Use Over INDUSTRIAL Time AGRICULTURE RECREATION SPORTS BIRD MUSEUM SANCTUARY Building Time HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL Use Over MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON Time Building Use Over Time AGRICULTURE MUSEUM HOSPITAL RESIDENTIAL PRISON RECREATION SPORTS INDUSTRIAL UN-INHABITEDMILITARY Land Use Over TimeBIRD SANCTUARY MUSEUM HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON Use HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL PRISON me Over Time END OF MUSEUM WWII

Over Time

MILITARY MILITARY

PRISON UN-INHABITED

AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE RECREATION SPORTS UN-INHABITED BIRD SANCTUARY SANCTUARY RECREATION SPORTS UN-INHABITED BIRD AGRICULTURE RECREATION SPORTS UN-INHABITED BIRD SANCTUARY AGRICULTURE RECREATION SPORTS UN-INHABITED BIRD SANCTUARY SANCTUARY AGRICULTURE RECREATION SPORTS UN-INHABITED BIRD MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL PRISON MUSEUM RESIDENTIAL PRISON

Land Use Over Time

BIRD SANCTUARY Over Time Building BuildingUse UseOver OverTime Time Building Use Building Over Time Use Over Time AGRICULTURE RECREATION SPORTS BIRD SANCTUARY Land Use Over Time MUSEUM PRISON MUSEUM INDUSTRIAL MILITARY RESIDENTIAL HOSPITAL HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL PRISON INDUSTRIAL MILITARY MILITARY HOSPITAL MUSEUM PRISON Land Use Over Time

AGRICULTURE RECREATION

AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

RECREATION RECREATION

SPORTS SPORTS

Land LandUse UseOver OverTime Time

SPORTS UN-INHABITED BIRD SANCTUARY HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL HOSPITAL INDUSTRIAL SPORTS UN-INHABITED

RECREATION MILITARY MILITARY

UN-INHABITED INDUSTRIAL HOSPITAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIALINDUSTRIAL MILITARY PRISON PRISON

BIRD SANCTUARY

BIRD SANCTUARY SANCTUARY BIRD

BIRD SANCTUARY SPORTS

RECREATION RECREATION

RECREATION

RECREATION UN-INHABITED

MUSEUM MUSEUM MILITARY RESIDENTIAL SPORTS

SPORTS SPORTS

1945

SPORTS

RESIDENTIAL PRISON

MUSEUM PRISON

UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED

UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED

2000

Land Use Over Land Time Use Over Time AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE SPORTS UN-INHABITED BIRD SANCTUARY SANCTUARY RESIDENTIAL BIRD PRISON RESIDENTIAL PRISON

AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE RECREATION RECREATION SPORTS SPORTS RECREATION UN-INHABITED UN-INHABITED RECREATION SPORTS BIRD SANCTUARY BIRD SANCTUARY MUSEUM MUSEUM

SPORTS UN-INHABITED

UN-INH

Staten Island

1. Staten Island 2. Isle of Meadows 3. Prall’s Island 4. Shooter’s Island 5. Hoffman Island 6. Swinburne Island

Brooklyn

7. Coney Island 8. Canarsie Pol

Queens

9. Broad Channel Island

Long Island

10. Long Island

Bronx

11. Riker’s Island 12. North Brother Island 13. South Brother Island 14. City Island 15. Hart Island 16. Rat Island 17. Twin Island 18. Hunter Island

24 25

Manhattan

19. Randall’s/Ward’s Island 20. Manhattan 21. Mill Rock 22. Roosevelt Island 23. U Thant Island 24. Ellis Island 25. Liberty Island 26. Governor’s Island

3 7 2 1

5 6

18 17

16 15

13 12 11

8 9

DISTOPIA UTOPIA 1:500,000

Miles 20

Credits Instructors

Dan Wood Sam Dufaux

Teaching Assistant

Brian Brush

Students Alexandra Kenig Andrew Kim Jason Kim Mathhew Kipilman Aries Liang Sanny Ng Jason Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Rear Kurt Andrew Rodrigo Florence Schmitt Brian Thomas Yi Xiao Feng Xie