MARSH HARBOUR’S NEW CLINIC & HURRICAINE SHELTER
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
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Post Dorian: Recovery Efforts in the Great Abaco Islands
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1.0_ Post Dorian:
Studio Faculty
Recovery Efforts in the Great Abaco Islands
Juan Alayo
1.1 Marsh Harbor Resiliency Center
Jacob Brillhart
1.2 Integrated Studio
Jose Gelabert-Navia
2.0_ Research and Site Analysis
Christopher Meyer
2.1 Bahamas, History, People and Traditions
Shawna Meyer
2.2 Bahamian | Caribbean Architecture
Edgar Sarli (coordinator)
2.3 Contemporary | Modern Tropical Architecture
David Trautman
2.4 Shelter Design, the Human Component 2.5 Site Analysis, Diagrams and Documentation 2.6 Ancillary Program
Structural Engineer Victor Chavez Mechanical Engineer Esber Andiroglu
3.0_ Program 4.0_ Architecture 4.1 SITE ANALYSIS
Studio Teaching Assistant Mario Ostolaza
4.2 AXONS 4.3 FLOOR PLANS `
4.3.5
RCP
4.4 SECTION `
4.4.5
WALL SECTION
4.5 ELEVATIONS 4.6 RENDERS 5.0_ Systems 5.1 Structural 5.2 Life Safety 5.3 Energy 5.4 Water/Sun Management 5.5 Mechanical Systems
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
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2.1 Bahamas, History, People and tradition: The geography: Lying to the north of Cuba and Hispaniola, the Bahamas comprises nearly 700 islands and cays, only about 30 of which are inhabited, and more than 2,000 low, barren rock formations. “Bahamas” may refer to the country or the largest island chain it shares with the Turks and Caicos Islands. It stretches more than 500 miles (800 km) southeast-northwest between Grand Bahama Island, which has an area of 530 square miles (1,373 square km) and lies DERXW PLOHV NP Rᚎ WKH VRXWKHDVWHUQ coast of the U.S. state of Florida, and Great Inagua Island, some 50 miles (80 km) from the eastern tip of Cuba. The islands other than New Providence are known collectively as the Out (Family) Islands. They include Grand Bahama, which contains the major settlements of Freeport and West End; Andros (2,300 square miles [6,000 square km]), the largest island of The Bahamas; Abaco, or Great Abaco, (372 square miles [963 square km]); and Eleuthera (187 square miles [484 square km]), the site of one of the early attempts at colonization. (1)
1-https://www.britannica.com/place/The-Bahamas
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2.1 Bahamas, History, People and Traditions
_ JASON BROSTOFF
https://www.myoutislands.com/photo-gallery
LAND AREA: 3,888 sq mi (10,070 sq km); TOTAL AREA: 5,382 sq mi 13,940 sq km) CAPITAL: Nassau MONETARY UNIT: Bahamian dollar (B$) DENSITY: PERSONS PER SQ MI:(2018) 101.1 DENSITY: PERSONS PER SQ KM:(2018) 39 2 2-https://www.britannica.com/place/The-Bahamas
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
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2.1 Bahamas, History, People and tradition: /$1*8$*(6 (QJOLVK RᚑFLDO &UHROH (among Haitian immigrants) ETHNICITY/RACE: Ethnic groups, languages, and religion Most of the population of The Bahamas is of African descent. There is a small but VLJQL�FDQW PLQRULW\ RI PL[HG (XURSHDQ DQG African heritage and a similar number of descendants of English pioneer settlers and loyalist refugees from the American Revolution. English is the only language native to Bahamians, although, because RI WKH LQ�X[ RI +DLWLDQ LPPLJUDQWV VLQFH the mid-20th century, French or the related Haitian Creole vernacular is spoken. A high percentage of Bahamians are members of Christian churches; the majority of them are non-Anglican Protestants, with smaller proportions of Roman Catholics and Anglicans RELIGIOUS: Protestant 69.9% (includes Baptist 34.9%, Anglican 13.7%, Pentecostal 8.9% Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, Methodist 3.6%, Church of God 1.9%, Brethren 1.6%), Roman Catholic 12%, other Christian 13% (includes Jehovah’s Witness 1.1%), other 0.6%, QRQH XQVSHFL�HG HVW
IFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: Male: (2017) 70.2 years/Female: (2017) 75.1 years 3
3 https://www.britannica.com/place/T6
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2.1 Bahamas, History, People and Traditions
_ JASON BROSTOFF
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The Bahamas has an estimated population of 393,244, which makes it the 178th most populous country in the world. The last Ráš‘FLDO FHQVXV WRRN SODFH LQ áš?QGLQJ a population of 255,000. The capital and largest city is Nassau, with D SRSXODWLRQ RI 7KH QH[W ODUJHVW city is Freeport, with a population of about 50,000. The population of the Bahamas is 85% African, 12% European and 3% Asian and 3% Latin Americans. Baptists account for 35% of the population, followed by Anglican (15%), Roman Catholic (13%) and Pentecostal (8%). The region was originally inhabited by the Lucayan, a branch of Arawakan-speaking Taino, although they were later shipped to Hispaniola for slavery by the Spaniards, who never colonized the Bahamas. For most of the 16th century, the islands were abandoned. Afro-Bahamians are nationals with primary ancestry in West Africa. Afro-Bahamians represent the largest ethnic group in the country, accounting for 85%, with a Haitian community of around 80,000. There are also 17,000 Whites living in the country. European Bahamians number 38,000 and are primarily descendants of English Puritans and American Loyalists who came to the islands in the 17th and 18th century. The account for 12% of the population and the largest minority group. The Bahamas is currently growing at a rate of around 1.5%. At this rate, the country will reach 396,000 by 2020.4
4- http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/bahamas-population/
https://www.bahamas.com/junkanoo
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
http://www.bahamasb2b.com/news/2014/07/a-new-bahamian-clothing-
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2.1 Bahamas, History, People and tradition: Transportation Nassau and Freeport and their environs have paved road systems, as do most RI WKH LQKDELWHG LVODQGV $ �HHW RI VPDOO motor vessels known as mail boats carries passengers, freight, and mail between Nassau and the Out Islands.5 _Car B7D[L B:DWHU 7D[L _Jitney (Not in the Great Abaco) Air Travel to the site: There are two airports in the Abacos that WRXULVWV FDQ �\ LQWR LQWHUQDWLRQDOO\ 0DUVK Harbour International Airport and Treasure &D\ $LU�HOG ERWK RI ZKLFK DUH ORFDWHG RQ opposite ends of Great Abaco. Although commercial airlines make the journey to these airports on a regular basis, it is rare IRU RQH WR �\ IURP VRPHZKHUH RXWVLGH RI the U.S. state of Florida. This means that tourists from elsewhere will have to make D FRQQHFWLQJ �LJKW LQ )ORULGD XVXDOO\ LQ Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, or Palm Beach, EHIRUH PDNLQJ WKH �QDO �LJKW WR $EDFR Education: Schooling is compulsory from age 5 to 16 and is free in government schools. Most schools are government-run, but there are also private and denominational institutions. More than nine-tenths of the population is literate. he College of The Bahamas, established LQ LQ 1DVVDX RᚎHUV DVVRFLDWH DQG bachelor’s degrees in most areas and master’s degrees in a limited number RI VXEMHFWV ,W DOVR RᚎHUV SURJUDPV LQ conjunction with other universities, including the University of the West Indies, Florida International University, and the University of Miami. Other higher-level institutions include a hotel training school sponsored by the government and the hotel industry and the Bahamas Law School of the University of the West Indies.6
https://www.aarp.org/travel/destinations/international/bahamas/info-2018/transportation.html
https://www.enidhi.net/2019/04/exploring-nassau-bahamas-using-bus-public-transport.html
5-https://travel.usnews.com/Bahamas/Getting_Around/ 6-https://www.britannica.com/place/The-Bahamas https://www.flickr.com/photos/23612601@N07/8536213419
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2.1 Bahamas, History, People and Traditions
_ JASON BROSTOFF
Relief and soils The Bahamas occupies an irregular submarine tableland that rises out of the depths of the Atlantic Ocean and is separated from nearby lands to the south DQG ZHVW E\ GHHS ZDWHU FKDQQHOV ([WHQVLYH DUHDV RI �DWODQG JHQHUDOO\ D IHZ IHHW LQ elevation, are the dominant topographic features of the major islands; the Bimini group (9 square miles [23 square km]), IRU H[DPSOH KDV D PD[LPXP HOHYDWLRQ of only 20 feet (6 meters). A number of islands fronting the Atlantic have a range or series of ranges of hills on the northeastern VLGH WKDW SDUDOOHO WKH ORQJHU D[HV RI WKH islands. These ranges are formed of sand washed ashore and blown inland by the trade winds. The newer hills adjacent to the seashore are normally sand dunes. Solidity increases toward the interior, where the particles become cemented to form Bahama limestone. Eleuthera and Long Island (230 square miles [596 square km]) KDYH WKH JUHDWHVW QXPEHU RI KLOOV H[FHHGLQJ 100 feet (30 meters). The highest point in The Bahamas, Mount Alvernia, at 206 feet (63 meters), is on Cat Island (150 square miles [388 square km]). Beneath the soil, the islands are composed of limestone rock and skeletal remains of coral fossils and other marine organisms. There are no rivers, but several islands—particularly New Providence, San Salvador (63 square miles [163 square km]), and Great Inagua—have large lakes. There is abundant fresh water on Andros Island.7
7-https://www.britannica.com/place/The-Bahamas
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
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2.1 Bahamas, History, People and tradition: Climate: The Bahamian climate, mild throughout the year, is one of the great attractions of the area. The average temperature varies from the low 70s F (about 21 C) during the winter to the low 80s F (about 27 C) during the VXPPHU DQG H[WUHPHV VHOGRP IDOO EHORZ the low 60s F (about 16 C) or rise above the low 90s F (about 32 C). The average annual rainfall is about 44 inches (1,120 mm), occurring mostly during the summer months. Prevailing winds, coming from the northeast in winter and from the southeast LQ VXPPHU OHQG D FRROLQJ LQ�XHQFH WR a generally humid atmosphere. Tropical cyclones (hurricanes) pose a threat during the period from June to November and have occasionally caused great destruction. Hurricane: A tropical cyclone is a rotating lowpressure weather system that has organized thunderstorms but no fronts (a boundary separating two air masses of GLᚎHUHQW GHQVLWLHV 7URSLFDO F\FORQHV ZLWK PD[LPXP VXVWDLQHG VXUIDFH ZLQGV RI OHVV than 39 miles per hour (mph) are called WURSLFDO GHSUHVVLRQV 7KRVH ZLWK PD[LPXP sustained winds of 39 mph or higher are called tropical storms.8
8-https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/hurricane.html
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https://www.ky3.com/content/news/Northern-Bahamas-hunkers-down-as-Hurricane-Dorian-closesin-559015101.html
2.1 Bahamas, History, People and Traditions
_ JASON BROSTOFF
https://www.thv11.com/article/news/nation-world/what-do-different-hurricane-categories-mean/91-592862369 :KHQ D VWRUPಏV PD[LPXP VXVWDLQHG ZLQGV reach 74 mph, it is called a hurricane. The 6Dáš‘U 6LPSVRQ +XUULFDQH :LQG 6FDOH LV a 1 to 5 rating, or category, based on a KXUULFDQHಏV PD[LPXP VXVWDLQHG ZLQGV The higher the category, the greater the hurricane’s potential for property damage. Hurricanes originate in the Atlantic basin, which includes the Atlantic Ocean, &DULEEHDQ 6HD DQG *XOI RI 0H[LFR WKH HDVWHUQ 1RUWK 3DFLáš?F 2FHDQ DQG OHVV IUHTXHQWO\ WKH FHQWUDO 1RUWK 3DFLáš?F 2FHDQ $ VL[ \HDU URWDWLQJ OLVW RI QDPHV XSGDWHG and maintained by the World Meteorological Organization, is used to identify these storms. “Hurricane Seasonâ€? begins on June 1 and ends on November 30, although hurricanes can, and have, occurred outside of this time frame. NOAA’s National Hurricane Center predicts and tracks these massive storm systems, which occur, on average, 12 times a year in the Atlantic basin.9 9-https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/hurricane.html
https://www.thehofstrachronicle.com/category/editoriUniversity of Miami School of Architecture 2020
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The start of recorded history of the Bahamas Islands, when Christopher Columbus in 1492 landed in the New World. This would lead to the Spanish and other European countries started to come to the islands and cliam land. It would, however, take until 1717 for it to be considered an official colony of the British Empire. It would be even longer, 1783, until the Spanish could cede the land and leave the islands. The island would stay in Bristish hands until 1973, when the natives to the island gained independance. This change would start in 1964, when the islands gained almost complete atonomy from the mother land (Great Britian). One constant in these changes of power over the years, has been the threat of flooding, winds, and other issues that come with Hurricanes. In 2019, alone the Islands were hit with a major Hurricane that caused major damage and devestation.1
https://stanielair.com/history-of-the-bahamas/
https://www.worldmapsonline.com/academia/academia_bahamas_physical_map.htm 1
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1166350. Timeline included
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2.1 Bahamas, History, People and Traditions
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As seen in the figure to the right, which shows all the Hurricaines that have been recorded over the Bahamas Islands. These Storm range in strength and power, but each has an affect on the daily lives of the people who live there and those who are visiting.
The Holidays below are the reconogized holidays of the islands. These dates include holidays like New Years and Easter, which are international holidays. They also have celbrations that are orginial to the area, which includes Independance Day, National Heros Day and Emancipation Day.
https://www.bahamas.com/holidays
https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/NOAA-hurdata-tracks.jpg
https://www.bahamas.com/holidays
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
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https://www.britannica.com/place/The-Bahamas/Economy
http://www.tribune242.com/news/2014/jun/11/more-40000-live-under-poverty-line/
As ecpected, the major importer and reciever of exports for the islands is the United States. This shows that the US is the major market that drives the conomy in the region. It relies on the US for the majority of its imports, exports and even tourism. The poverty rate on the islands is very high, with many people living with bare mimiums. This leads to even bigger issues when natural diseasers hit and destroy peoples homes, livinghood and other valueables.
http://www.campaign242.org/better_education https://www.statista.com/statistics/578507/gross-domestic-product-gdp-growth-rate-in-the-bahamas/
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2.1 Bahamas, History, People and Traditions
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Tourism is one of the biggest drivers of the economy and livestyle on the islands. The islands are a mjor stopping point for people all over the world to come and experience the culture and buetiful beaches that the islands have to offer. The islands are also a major stopping point for cruise lines to stop off at for a day trip to the beaches or local envirnment.
https://www.caribeez.com/bahamas/article/bahamas-tourism-statistics http://crew-center.com/analysis-bahamas-cruise-statistics-ports-2017
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Bahamian | Caribbean Architecture: Early Bahamian architecture In the early stages of the architectural development in the Caribbean, early European settlers resorted to the most basic forms of structures for shelters. Soon after, the nostalgia for the motherland yielded for a radical change in building designs. However, builders soon realized that the closer the architecture came to that of their mother country, the less appropiate it became to the Caribbean. Builder’s handbooks needed to be translated from European building materials to those that were readily available in the tropics, and with it many architectural building techniques brought along by artisans helped transition to a more appropriate Caribbean architecture. As the European settlers became more familiar with the tropics, their sense of awareness began to pick up cues from their surroundings that eventually influenced building designs. With each passing day, the climate soon made them realize that the basic functions of structures in the caribbean were to merely offer protection from sun and rain. This new level in awareness eliminated many of the superficial detailing and elements in colonial buildings. A new appreciation for the outdoors living gave the garden a more important role in the living environment, which gave space for connecting architectural elements between the “out-of-doors” and the building enclosure: lovered shutters, larger windows, balconies, porches, verandas, galleries, walls composed in its entirety of doors, and so on. Early Materials Wood was evidently the most predominant building material readily available in the early colonial Caribbean. Nonetheless, tile and brick became available to most formal buildings as they were starting to become popular materials to be shipped directly from the mother country. Later on, some type of brick was manufactured in the Caribbean, but it soon dropped its popularity as the brick’s poor resistance to seismic forces became evident. When paint became readily available in the tropics, a variation of colors replaced the natural hues of the Caribbean present in buidlings, offering a new expression of the exuberance of African traditions, each expression varying from island to island.
Historic single- family homes located in Nassau, Bahamas (1800s) First homes being built out of wood and stone, basic materials readily available. It is evident that basic building methods such as an elevated ground floor, use of stone, and hipped roofs are typical in residences throughout the Bahamas.
Francia Great House, Barbados Crain, E. E. (2017). Historic Architecture in the Caribbean Islands. Gainesville: Library Press at UF.
The plantation house reflects some of the connecting architectural elements that o the outdoors present in bahamian/ caribbean architecture: large windows, balconies, porches, and verandas.
Connors, M., Kornfeld, A., & Buck, B. (2009). Caribbean houses: history, style and architecture. New York: Random House.
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Rose Hall, Jamaica Typical nostalgic planter architecture. Mansion located in the suburban Jamaica shows the influence climate had on achieving the appropiate architecture uniformity by eliminating many of the superficial elements present in typical colonial buildings
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University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
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Bahamian | Caribbean Architecture: The Small Residence: Small residences have been arbitrarily grouped in order to be discussed without any specific area or number of rooms. This category includes the most basic one-story cottages, bungalos, and huts. Buildings stayed small in size, occuring in many varieties throughout the region. Most houses are mostly made out of wood frames, but some stuccoe varieties are built as well. Hiped and gabled roofs are predominatedly covered of wood or corrugated iron, although some asphalt shingle examples exist; Verandas are present, colors are vibrants, and many types of windows are used but solid wood shutters are continuously used. It is hard to pin point exactly the factors that influenced the design of the early small residence as various European and African houses are similar in basic ways. Emancipation of the island brought little to no change in housing design, except in the fact that since there was no need for isolation, people began to connect more closely to the outdoors, which gave space to architectural elements that permitted this new relationship.
Picturesque small dwellings, Grant’s Town, Bahamas
Fish Hooks Cottage, Abacos, Bahamas
The image shows some houses from the early twentieth century made out of stone and thatched roofs. Porches demonstrate the need to create spaces that allowed interaction with the outdoors.
Small dwelling that shows design elements in typical smallsized residences: wood frame, elevated ground plan, solid wood shutters, and porch.
Hipped-gabled roof covered in wood shingles or corrugated iron sheets
Wood frame
windows with solid wood shutters
Verandas
Elevated ground floor Crain, E. E. (2017). Historic Architecture in the Caribbean Islands. Gainesville: Library Press at UF.
Diagram highlighting small-sized residence characteristics unique to the West Indies
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Contemporary small residence in Hopetown, Bahamas. Home located in the suburban Jamaica showing the elevated ground floor providing ventilation and protection from dampness/flooding. This particular home is set in a more rural context unlike the medium-sized homes, but they are still found in urban areas.
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Bahamian | Caribbean Architecture: Medium-Sized Residence These type of dwellings are the middle- and upper-middle residences. Frequently, they are two to three stories high, comfortable in size but not luxurious. Many of the best examples of truly Caribbean residential architecture fall into this category. The Deanery House: Considered one of the oldest residence in the Bahamas, the Deanery’s most prominent design characteristic are its latticed verandas facing the street, occurring mostly on the north and west elevations. Its roof is a square hip, with wood shingles and a cupola. The kitchen has been built separate in another structure adjacent to the main residence, which includes a fireplace and a brick domed oven. Lynton and Carlisle View: These two townhouses reflect some characteristics that are unique to Barbadian urban architecture. Corners of buildings are rounded, and their parapets are reputed to provided protection from the wind at high speeds. Balcony House: The two-story house is built out of American cedar, with its most prominent characteristic being its balcony overhanging above the street side, supported by wooden “knees”. Its street elevation is assymetrical and possesses clapboard siding and solid wood shutters typical of the region.
Deanery House, Cumberland Street, Nassau, 1710
Townhouses, Bay Street, Bridgetown, Barbados
The house is three stories high, built out of stone with chamfered quoins at its corners. The three tiers of verandas are visible in this image, originally placed in the east, north, and west elevations, with the north facade facing the sea.
With their unique Barbadian urban characteristics, these two townhouses show the curved corners, parapets with concaved corners, called Barbadian parapets, and projecting verandas.
Simple hipped roof covered in wood shingles and parapets
Wood louvered verandas
Large windows openings with wood shutters
One to two stories high
Separate structure containing kitchen
Stuccoe or clapboard siding
Asymmetrical facade
Crain, E. E. (2017). Historic Architecture in the Caribbean Islands. Gainesville: Library Press at UF. Connors, M., Kornfeld, A., & Buck, B. (2009). Caribbean houses: history, style and architecture. New York: Random House.
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Diagram highlighting medium-sized residence characteristics unique to the West Indies
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Bahamian | Caribbean Architecture
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Balcony House, Nassau, Bahamas, 1790 The careful detailling all across the house indicates that it was built by ship’s carpinters. Its most prominent feature, the overhanging balcony, is seen suppoerted by two wooded “knees”.
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Bahamian | Caribbean Architecture: The Large Residence Larger residences often belonged to government officials, wealthy merchants, and owners of estates reflect the eclectic and European influences. They were often built out of quarried coral stone covered in stucco. Usually two to three stories high, these houses had properly placed louvered verandas that offered privacy, ventilation, and protection from the sun. Their windows had solid wood shutters, roofs covered in cedar shingles, and the ground floor elevated off the ground to provide better air ventilation and lessen dampness. Jacaranda: A three-story house in Nassau built by Chief Justice Sir George Anderson. On its south and the two-story north facade, it is completely covered by louvered verandas. the residence is painted in pink, with chamfered quoins, shingle roof, watertable, and a stringcourse. The site it is placed on offers an excellent view of the bay and ocean. Cascadilla: The original walls of this residence are made out of thick limestone. Located in a densely landscaped property, the skillfull detailing all around it suggest that it was built by ship’s carpenters. On its street faced its completely covered louvered verandas with openings acting as windows, with wood shutters ensuring proper protection from the sun and good air ventilation. Villa Doyle: The style of this villa is pretty unique to Nassau. Built by Sir William Doyle, Its horizontal empashis and overhanging roof give the residence a Praire style. Verandas wrap around the entire structure, and the main body is build out fo stone with chamfered quoins, while the ground level is elevated off the ground for more proper elevation. Jacaranda, Nassau, Bahamas, 1840’s
Cascadilla, Nassau, Bahamas, 1840’s
The Jacaranda is an example of well executed Bahamian tropical,. The image shows the north elevation covered in louvered verandas, its shingle rood, and large windows with wood shutters hinged from the top.
The residence shows tropical detailing. Its skillfull construction suggest it was probably built by ships’ carpinters.
Simple roof covered in wood shingles Chamfered quoins
Stringcourse Quarried coral stone covered in stuccoe Two to three stories high
Large window openings with hinged wood shutters either at the side or top
Multiple floors covered in wood louvered verandas Crain, E. E. (2017). Historic Architecture in the Caribbean Islands. Gainesville: Library Press at UF.
Elevated ground floor
Buisseret, D. (1980). Historic architecture of the Caribbean. London: Heinemann. Connors, M., Kornfeld, A., & Buck, B. (2009). Caribbean houses: history, style and architecture. New York: Random House.
Diagram highlighting large residence characteristics unique to the West Indies
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Villa Doyle, Nassau, Bahamas This particular house shows one of the few Praire styles in the West Indies. The generous verandas and overhangin bracketed roof give the structure an horizontal emphasis.
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Public Buildings, 1812, Nassau, Bahamas.
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Georgian in design and placement. The classical facades employ stringcourses, quoins, and shuttered windows.
Bahamian | Caribbean Architecture: Large Civic Buildings Public Buildings: The three Public Buildings in Nassau are Georgian-influenced at its site placement. The three buildings are symmetrically composed, with the central building fronted by a pedimented portico supported by four columns. They closely resemble Governor Tryon’s palace in New Ben, North Carolina. This is mostly due to the fact the Public Buildings were possibly influeced by Loyalist who fled to the city after the American Civil War. Governemnt House: Georgian in design as well, the central building has a pedimented portico for arriving vehicles, supported by four Ionic columns. The roof possesses a prominent cupola, and shuttered windows all throughout. Nassau Public Library: With its octagonal shape, it was built in 1799 by Joseph Eve to serve as a jail. Because of its origins, its heavy masonry construction and stone-concrete vaulting account for it. The central enclosed space at the third floor is surrounded by a gallery, which was roofed with a groined dome at a later date. Since 1879, the structure has served as Nassau’s public library.
Connors, M., Kornfeld, A., & Buck, B. (2009). Caribbean houses: history, style and architecture. New York: Random House . Crain, E. E. (2017). Historic Architecture in the Caribbean Islands. Gainesville: Library Press at UF.
Governemnt House, Nassau, Bahamas Just as the Public Buildings there are stringcourses, quoins, and shuttered windows. In the picture, the center-pedimented portico and cupola are visible.
Buisseret, D. (1980). Historic architecture of the Caribbean. London: Heinemann.
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Interior space of Nassau Public Library, Nassau, Bahamas The small prison cells which once housed prisoners are now used to store books, documents, artifacts, newspapers,a nd historic prints. The unusal octagonal shape is evident in the image.
Nassau Public Library, Bahamas, 1799 The structure became one of the first buildings in the Parliament Square at the time of its construction. After 1879, the jail was converted into a library, reading room, and museum.
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BRISE-SOLEIL Brise soleil - from the French word ‘sun breaker’ - project above glazing (usually horizontally) to prevent glare and reduce overheating. More recently, vertical solar systems have become popular. Both systems allow low-level sun to enter a building in the mornings, evenings and during winter but cut out direct summer sun, which rises to a maximum angle of 62 degrees in the UK. Brise soleil can be made up of blades or take the form of solid shelves (or even walkways) and are constructed from a range of materials, including aluminium, stainless steel and sustainable wood. Aluminium can also be coated to look like wood. Brise soleil systems can be installed to the exterior of any building. They’re SDUWLFXODUO\ EHQH�FLDO ZKHQ JODUH RU FRQGXFWHG KHDW IURP VRODU UD\V DUH likely to cause discomfort for the building occupants. Brise soleil are used RQ VFKRRO EXLOGLQJV UHWDLO RXWOHWV RᚑFH EORFNV DQG UHVLGHQWLDO KRXVLQJ
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DIAGRAM
Milam Residence , the Milam Residence of Jacksonville Architects: Paul Rudolph Location: Florida 7KH ZDOOV DQG áš?RRUV DUH HORQJDWHG WR FUHDWH HODERUDWH IRUPV ZKLFK extend south towards a seaside view of the Atlantic Ocean. One of the very few structural purposes served ny these patterns is to block the rays of the blazing Florida sun in high temperatures. These brises-soleil also act as mullians for the glazed windows, turning WKH H[WHULRU ZDOO LQWR D VHW RI GHHS RSHQLQJV WKDW DUH áš?OOHG RQO\ ZLWK glass. https://www.archdaily.com/86126/ad-classics-milam-residence-paulrudolph?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
Page 26
SECTION
PLAN
2.3 Contemporary | Modern Tropical Architecture
DIAGRAM
_ JASON BROSTOFF
Louvers House Architects:MIA Design Studio Location: IETNAM From MIA Design Studio’s perspective, Louvers house is not only D OLYLQJ VKHOWHU EXW DOVR UH�HFWV RXU FOLHQWಏV OLYLQJ VW\OH 2XU FOLHQW wanted to make a great combination of spaces to keep traditional communication between generations of a traditional ietnamese family. That is how we simply started designing a house with a big void in the middle as a bridge to connect all the spirits of the house. This void with water scape and skylight creates a natural connection between bedrooms, living room, Spa, Gym and even the parking area. This principle has an ingenious use of natural ventilation to keep the building cool and give the family refreshing experience. :LWK ORFDO SODQWV DQG RYHU�RZ ZDWHU WKH YRLG LQVLGH WKLV KRXVH becomes a healing environment as the living soul of the house.
FIRST FLOOR
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
DIAGRAM
https://www.archdaily.com/891532/louvers-house-mia-designstudio?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
_ Page 27 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
HOUSES KUALA LUMPUR Architects: WHBC Architects Location: MALAYSIA A concrete tropical box that embraces the lush jungle. The project was envisioned as an inward looking abode that safeguards its interior from the tropical sun and rain while at the same time, HPEUDFHV WKH GHQVH QDWXUDO áš?RUDO HQFODYH WKDW WKH KRXVH VLWV ZLWKLQ https://www.archdaily.com/635387/house-tropical-box-whbcarchitects
DIAGRAM
Tropical Cave House Architects: H&P Architects Location: IETNAM Located in the center of BacNinh city, the house can accommodate an extended family of 4 generations. Its design is inspired by light DQG VSDFH HᚎHFWV ZKLFK UHVHPEOHV WKH ಯFDYHರ VW\OH LQ D KXPLG subtropical climate to bring about positive and vivid experiences to users’ senses: low (at the entrance), wide and high (inside), narrow (nooks and crannies), open outwardly (door system); even light distribution (outside), gradual darkening (inward), streams of light (from above), alternating vegetation, etc. https://www.archdaily.com/930653/tropical-cave-house-h-and-parchitects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
_
Page 28
_
2.3 Contemporary | Modern Tropical Architecture
_ JASON BROSTOFF
_ 2.3
CANOPY&SHADE A canopy is an overhead roof or else a structure over which a fabric or metal covering is attached, able to provide shade or shelter from weather conditions such as sun, hail, snow and rain. $ FDQRS\ FDQ DOVR EH D WHQW JHQHUDOO\ ZLWKRXW D áš?RRU 7KH ZRUG FRPHV IURP WKH DQFLHQW *UHHN ˧˜˪˝Ëˢˌˏ˪ NRQÂľSHLRQ ಯFRYHU WR NHHS LQVHFWV Rᚎರ IURP ˧˝˪˜˾ NÂľQRSV ಯFRQH IDFHರ ZKLFK LV D EDKXYULKL FRPSRXQG PHDQLQJ ಯPRVTXLWRರ 7KH áš?UVW ಍Rಏ FKDQJLQJ LQWR ಍Dಏ PD\ EH GXH WR LQáš?XHQFH from the place name Canopus, Egypt thought of as a place of luxuries.
DIAGRAM
wNw Cafe Architects: TN Architect Location: Binh Duong Province, ietnam This new project follows the same line. It is well known that 9LHWQDPHVH DUH IDPLOLDU ZLWK EDPERR ,W LVXVHG IRU PDQ\ GLᚎHUHQW SXUSRVHV LQ FRQVWUXFWLRQV DV�QLVKLQJ PDWHULDOV KDQG FUDIWV LQ meals. In the wNw cafethe beauty of bamboo has been rediscovered - friendly but extraordinary. wNw cafe utilizes local and traditional architectural features to create an alternative/ escape from the chaotic surrounding city.
DIAGRAM
https://www.archdaily.com/226203/wnw-cafe-vo-trong-nghia?ad_ source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
_
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 29 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
The Tent Architects:A21 studio Location: IETNAM Located inside an operating hot spring and mineral resort, the Tent is a small spa perched in the folds of halfway terrace up to a rock hill, facing to the river. This seems to be the good place for hiding away from the eventful area on the other side of the hill to enjoy healthy activities such as mud bathing and massage services. However, one of the biggest constraints of the site is that it gets intense heat from the West throughout the year, which makes it fallow for years. https://www.archdaily.com/519148/the-tent-a21-studio?ad_ source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
)54)+6:
DIAGRAM
_
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_
2.3 Contemporary | Modern Tropical Architecture
_ JASON BROSTOFF
*UMZXUZ NU[YK
:NK JUMZXUZ GRYU QTU]T GY G HXKK`K]G_ NU[YK JUM X[T UX VUYY[S ZXUZ OY G YZ_RK UL NU[YK ZNGZ ]GY IUSSUT ZNXU[MNU[Z ZNK 9U[ZNKGYZKXT ;TOZ KJ 9ZGZKY J[XOTM ZNK ZN GTJ KGXR_ ZN IKTZ[ XOKY :NK SGOT YZ_RK VUOTZ ]GY G RGXMK HXKK`K]G_ ZNXU[MN ZNK IKTZKX UL ZNK NU[YK ZU IUUR UII[ VGTZY OT ZNK NUZ YU[ZNKXT IROSGZK
PLAN
House on a Dune Architects: Oppenheim Architecture Location:Bhama
Design
Architect Chad Oppenheim, who has designed homes for the likes of movie director Michael Bay and projects for Pharrell, recently FRPSOHWHG ZKDW KH FDOOV ಯ+RXVH RQ D 'XQH ರ D PLQLPDOLVWLF HOHJDQW and comfortable beach house that blends into its breathtaking surroundings in Harbour Island, Bahamas. The spectacular VTXDUH IRRW ZDWHUIURQW SULYDWH UHVLGHQFH ZDV GHVLJQHG to reconnect its inhabitants with nature, encouraging a greater FRQVFLRXVQHVV RI WKH HOHPHQWV DQG WKHLU PDQLIHVWDWLRQV 1HTXH TXR illaut andus, sitatibus.
DIAGRAM
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
https://www.archdaily.com/632125/chad-oppenheim-s-houseoppenheim-architecture-design?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all
_ Page 31 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
_ 2.3
WATER
-EMERGENCY -TOLIET -PLANTS -TEMPERATURE -ENTERTAINMENT
Tara House Architects:Studio Mumbai Location:INDIA Surrounded by mountains, forests, and the waters of the Arabian 6HD WKH KRXVH LV FRQáš?JXUHG DURXQG D WURSLFDO JDUGHQ áš?OOHG ZLWK Plumeria, ferns, grasses, bamboo and jasmine. Under the wood framed roof, rooms are loosely arranged around the garden, weaving routes between them through louvred hallways and verandahs. ertical wooden slats form a protective enclosure, obscuring and UHYHDOLQJ YLHZV RI WKH VXUURXQGLQJ ODQGVFDSH 6XQOLJKW áš?OWHUV WKURXJK these screens, creating patters of light and shadow on the inner surfaces of the building, made up of stone, wood, and burnished plaster. https://www.archdaily.com/62621/tara-house-studio-mumbai?ad_ source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
DIAGRAM
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2.3 Contemporary | Modern Tropical Architecture
_ JASON BROSTOFF
Palmyra House Architects: Studio Mumbai Location :INDIA Located outside of Mumbai on the Arabian Sea, Palmyra House ZDV EXLOW DV D UHIXJH IURP WKH EXVWOH RI WKH EXV\ FLW\ 7KH VT ft. house consists of two wooden louvered structures set inside of a functioning coconut plantation. Anchored to stone platforms, the VWUXFWXUHV RYHUORRN D QHWZRUN RI ZHOOV DQG DTXHGXFWV WKDW ZHDYH the site into an inhabitable whole. Living room, study and master bedroom are contained in the north volume, while the south volume contains the kitchen, dining, and guest bedrooms. Set in the plaza between the buildings, the pool provides a channel for swimming, with expansive views of the sea to the west and views into a dense foliage of palms to the east.
EXPLODED AXO
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
DIAGRAM
https://www.archdaily.com/62136/palmyra-house-studio-mumbai
_ Page 33 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
DIAGRAM
_
681
2.3
USE OF VEGETATION
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FR 35,9$&<
Page 34
2.3 Contemporary | Modern Tropical Architecture
R 352'8&( 2;<*(1
_ JASON BROSTOFF
CONTINOUS SECTION
Farming Kindergarten Architects: o Trong Nghia Architects Location: IETNAM ietnam historically an agricultural country is facing changes as it moves to a manufacturing based economy, taking its toll RQ WKH HQYLURQPHQW ,QFUHDVHG GURXJKWV á&#x161;?RRGV DQG VDOLQL]DWLRQ jeopardize food supplies, while numerous motorbikes cause daily congestion and air pollution in the cities. Rapid urbanization deprives ietnamese children of green lands and playgrounds, thus relationship with nature.
SITE PLAN
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
EN IROMENTAL STRATEGIES
https://www.archdaily.com/566580/farming-kindergarten-vo-trongnghia-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
_ Page 35 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
GROUND PLAN
Binh House Architects: o Trong Nghia Architects Location: IETNAM Under the rapid urbanization, cities in ietnam have diverged far from their origins as low density tropical green space. Newly developed urban areas are losing their connection with nature. Binh house by o Trong Nghia Architects ( TN Architects) is one SURMHFW LQ WKH ಯ+RXVH IRU 7UHHVರ VHULHV D SURWRW\SLFDO KRXVLQJ GHVLJQ providing green space within high density neighbourhood. https://www.archdaily.com/868963/binh-house-vo-trong-nhiaarchitects
Page 36
SECTION PERSPECTI E
2.3 Contemporary | Modern Tropical Architecture
_ JASON BROSTOFF
Stacking Green Architects: TN Architects Location : IETNAM The green fa ade and roof top garden protect its inhabitants from the direct sunlight, street noise and pollution. Furthermore, natural ventilation through the fa ades and 2 top-lights allow this house to save a big energy in a harsh climate in Saigon. Concerning these ecological approaches, we referred a lot to the bioclimatic principles of traditional ietnamese courtyard house.foliage of palms to the east. https://www.archdaily.cn/cn/600771/stacking-green-slash-vo-trongnghia-co-dot-ltd?ad_name=article_cn_redirect=popup
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 37 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
_ 2.3
MATERIAL
Page 38
2.3 Contemporary | Modern Tropical Architecture
_ JASON BROSTOFF
_
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 39 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
_
GEOGRAPHY: The Abaco Islands consist of limestone with some elevation and are protected on the ocean side by the third largest barrier reef in the world. The cays are mostly green with mangroves and white-sand beaches. Most of the islands are uninhabited. The Abaco Islands and their cays have been called Out Islands, Family Islands and Friendly Island
Page 40
2.4
Shelter Design, the Human Component
_ JASON BROSTOFF
STREET IEW OF THE AREA SURROUNDING THE SITE. TAKEN AFTER HURRICANE DORIAN TO SHOW THE DESTRUCTION THE HURRICANE CAUSED.
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 41 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
SUN POSITIONS FROM THE 4 SEASONS DATES.
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2.4
Shelter Design, the Human Component
_ JASON BROSTOFF
PICTURE TAKEN FROM THE WEST OF THE SITE.
PICTURE TAKEN FROM THE NORTH OF THE SITE..
MAP SHOWING THE BAHAMAS AND THE MAIN STREET CONNECTING THE WHOLE ISLAND.
MAP IEW OF THE SURROUNDING ARES AND NAUTICAL PSOTIONS
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 43 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
_ 2.1 GRAPHS SHOWING CRITIACAL INFORMATION ON THE SITE AND SURROUNDING AREAS THROUGHT THE YEAR.
Page 44
2.4
Shelter Design, the Human Component
_ JASON BROSTOFF
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 45 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
_
2.1 Shelter Design, the human component:
Causes of post-disaster sheltering:
The Anatomy of a Hurricane:
How to respond to this:
The huminitarian need for post-disaster sheltering of distressed populations has called for our studio into action. Earhquakes, tsunamis and hurricanes regularly destroy thousands of homes and the need for emergency shelter is real. The question is how to develop a rapidly deployed emergency shelter.
Three factors should be considered from the start of the design of a shelter: 1) the level of analyzing various sustainable and local materials WKH OHYHO RI D IRUP ᚏQGLQJ XVLQJ architectural and structural engineering tools 3) the level of fabricating and constructing a habitable, deployable structure that can be rapidly assembled.
An Architect’s biggest responsibility is to design a structure that can survive: 1) Wind 2) Water 3) Panic 4) Necessity 5) Darkness
TGZ[XGR JOYGYZKXY YKZE狦狥狢狣狦狪狧 NZS
Page 46
NZZVY MKUG]KYUSKTKYY IUS
2.5
Site Analysis, Diagrams and Documentation
_ JASON BROSTOFF
_
Existing Shelter Designs:
2.1
What we need to survive:
Shelter Design, the human component: Goals for Shelter Design: 1) Lightness: The design should avoid excessive weight that would waste fuel during the shipping phase or human labor during the erection phase of shelter 2) Packability: The design should create its own shipping crate so as to avoid redundant parts. This part should have a small footprint as possible to facilitate close packing. 3) Constructability: The design should have a few components as possible and simple connections that can be constructed by hand or with basic tools and little labor. 4) Adaptability: Since disasters can occur anywhere and everywhere, the design should be adaptable depending the level of natural disaster. The design should have a combination of universal components and FOLPDWH VSHFLá&#x161;?F FRPSRQHQWV 5) Reusability: The design should promote reuse of shelter and repurposing of shelterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s components/materials.
The Human Component (what we need to survive): 1) sleep 2) water 3) food 4) toilet/shower 5) human interaction 6) safety 7) air 8) clothing
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 5
_ Page 47 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
_ 2.1
Shelter Design, the human component:
Birth of capsule design/ Nakagin Tower 1969:
Examples of Modern Capsule Design:
The study of capsule design. Even though the concept of the capsule with metaphorical dimensions was not FOHDUO\ GH á&#x161;?QHG LQ -DSDQ LW LQLWLDOO\ represented, similarly as in Great Britain, a compact, mobile, fully equipped and ergonomically designed living unit with a built-in life span, as well as a monofunctional unit (sanitary facility, kitchen unit, furniture element, etc.) with same FKDUDFWHULVWLFV 7KH GHá&#x161;?QLWLRQ RI D VSDWLDO unit called the capsule is also underlined with G nther Feuer-steinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s description of it as â&#x20AC;?the smallest, still moveable and autonomous environment well-equipped with communications.
Page 48
2.5
Site Analysis, Diagrams and Documentation
_ JASON BROSTOFF
_
_
2.1
Shelter Design, the human component:
A. Quick Assembly: Ikea’s temporary housing solution
Shelter Design Typology: A. Quick Assembly - Modular natured shelters with reusable materials, able to house multiple people. In need of manual labor to mount but easy to store. B. Permanently Assembled - Typically residential developments built to accomodate the growing number of poeple living below poverty line due to natural disasters. C. Large Group Centers - Most common shelter design typology located in an existing civil or academic building with large rooms. Large rooms are populated with mattresses or chairs o accomodate post-disaster residents.
Shelter Design Sub-Categories: I. Material II. Size III. Capacity
NZZVY ]]] JKYOMTHUUS IUS GXINOZKIZ[XK OQKG XKL[MKK YNKRZKX G]GXJ ]OTTOTM IUTYZX[IZOUT 狢狣 狥狣 狤狢狣狩
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 49 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
_ 2.1
B. Permenantly Assembled: Alejandro Aravenaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Elemental: Shelter Design Typology: Aravena champions an â&#x20AC;&#x153;incrementalâ&#x20AC;? approach to housing by providing lowcost partial solutions that residents can complete themselves. â&#x20AC;&#x153;If you [have to] provide something very, very quickly, then the chances of making a mistake are higher, so you need some help to buy time,â&#x20AC;? he said. â&#x20AC;&#x153;If the temporary solution is of better quality you may buy that required time.â&#x20AC;? Elemental developed a model for low-cost housing based on the principle of initially providing â&#x20AC;&#x153;half a good homeâ&#x20AC;?. This involved GHVLJQLQJ WKH ಯGLá&#x161;&#x2018;FXOW KDOIರ RI WKH KRXVH while gaps left between the dwellings could EH á&#x161;?OOHG LQ E\ UHVLGHQWV ODWHU ಯ)URP D á&#x161;?QDQFLDO SRLQW RI YLHZ LW ZDV PRUH expensive, but we were not throwing away money, it was paying in advance for a solution that now works as an emergency shelter but later it will work as a permanent solution,â&#x20AC;? said Aravena.
NZZVY ]]] JK`KKT IUS ç&#x2039;¤ç&#x2039;˘ç&#x2039;Łç&#x2039;§ ç&#x2039;Łç&#x2039;Ł ç&#x2039;Ľç&#x2039;˘ GRKPGTJXU GXG\KTG N[SGTOZGXOGT GXINOZKIZ[XK XKL[MKK ZKTZY ]GYZK SUTK_ KSKXMKTI_ YNKRZKX JOYGYZKX XKROKL
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2.5
Site Analysis, Diagrams and Documentation
_ JASON BROSTOFF
_ 2.1
C. Large Group Center: Shigeru Ban Paper Emergency Shelter Shelter Design Typology: Early on in his career, shigeru ban started exploring the structural possibilities of the cardboard tube as a building component, testing its stability and durability in the development of temporary constructions. he discovered that no only was the material strong, but also easy to waterproof DQG á&#x161;?UHSURRI PDNLQJ LW DQ Dá&#x161;&#x17D;RUGDEOH FRVW Há&#x161;&#x17D;HFWLYH PDWHULDO RSWLRQ Since the 1980â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the japanese architect has been responding to natural disasters across the globe from kobe, to turkey, china to haiti with emergency shelters made from his beloved medium, paper. Paper partition system conceived to provide privacy to victims of natural GLVDVWHUV UHVXOWLQJ LQ WKHP KDYLQJ WR á&#x161;?QG refuge in large communal spaces such as gymnasiums.
NZZVY ]]] JKYOMTHUUS IUS GXINOZKIZ[XK YNOMKX[ HGT UT KSKXMKTI_ YNKRZKXY SGJK LXUS VGVKX
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 51 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
_ 2.1
Shelter Design Sub-Categories Sub-Categories: I. Material - aesthetic, - social - techincial
II. Size - construction
III. Capacity - short term - long term - transitional
NZZVY ]]] JK`KKT IUS 狤狢狣狧 狣狣 狥狢 GRKPGTJXU GXG\KTG N[SGTOZGXOGT GXINOZKIZ[XK XKL[MKK ZKTZY ]GYZK SUTK_ KSKXMKTI_ YNKRZKX JOYGYZKX XKROKL Page 52
2.5
Site Analysis, Diagrams and Documentation
_ JASON BROSTOFF
_
_
2.1
2.1
The Human Component
Architectural Responses
Psycho Social Issues in Disaster Management â&#x20AC;&#x153;Disasters cause anxiety-related responses as well as chronic and severe mental health disorders. Flooding and prolonged droughts have been associated with elevated levels of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorders. The trauma and losses from a disaster, such as losing a home or job and being disconnected from neighborhood and community, can contribute to depression and anxiety. Extreme weather events have also been associated with increases in aggressive behavior and domestic violence. Exposure to extreme heat may lead to increased use of alcohol to cope with stress, increases in hospital and emergency room admissions for people with mental health or psychiatric conditions, and an increase in suicide. The need for mental health services increases in the aftermath of a climaterelated disaster. At the same time, there is often a disruption in services or a decrease in the availability or accessibility of services. :KR LV $á&#x161;&#x17D;HFWHG" Some people are more vulnerable to the potential impacts of climate change, including children, the elderly, the chronically ill, people with cognitive or mobility impairments, pregnant and postpartum women, and people with mental illness. People of lower socioeconomic status, migrants, refugees and the homeless may also be more vulnerable.â&#x20AC;?
â&#x20AC;&#x153;People with mental health conditions DUH PRUH OLNHO\ WR EH Dá&#x161;&#x17D;HFWHG E\ H[WUHPH weather events for several reasons. Psychiatric medications can interfere with a personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ability to regulate heat and their awareness that their body temperature is rising, which is associated with injury and death.1 People living with mental illness are also more likely to live in poverty or to have co-occurring substance use disorders, which make it harder for them to cope or adapt to changes. In addition, those with severe mental illness are more likely to be dependent upon service, infrastructure, and medication supply chains that are often disrupted after disasters.
Consider:
/RQJ WHUP DQG ,QWHUFRQQHFWHG (á&#x161;&#x17D;HFWV
Architectural Proposals:
Many potential long-term impacts of climate change, such as population migration, food scarcity, loss of employment and loss of social support, have consequences for mental health. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, population migration linked to climate change is already happening. Each year since 2008, an average of more than 20 million people are forced to move because of weatherUHODWHG HYHQWV VXFK DV á&#x161;?RRGV VWRUPV ZLOGá&#x161;?UHV RU H[WUHPH WHPSHUDWXUH 0DQ\ others are leaving their homes because of slower moving events, such as droughts or coastal erosion.â&#x20AC;?
stress boredom anxiety darkness security privacy depression hunger desperation
Outdoor athletic complex Walking Areas Playground Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Room Rentable private spaces Game Room Naturally lighted spaces High spaces with views (rooftop) Yoga Room Daily classes (zumba, monopoly) Event Planning Comittee (excursions to provide aid to neighbors)
-The American Psychiatric Association
NZZVY ]]] VY_INOGZX_ UXM VGZOKTZY LGSOROKY IROSGZK INGTMK GTJ SKTZGR NKGRZN IUTTKIZOUTY GLLKIZY UT SKTZGR NKGRZN
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 53 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
2.6 ANCILLARY PROGRAM - CLINIC
Page 54
2.6
Ancillary Program
_ JASON BROSTOFF
EXAMPLE OF A CLINIC LAYOUT: FBT ARCHITECTS
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 55 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
3.0 PROGRAM DIAGRAM
GROUND FLOOR - 1/16” = 1’
SECOND FLOOR - 1/16” = 1’
Page 56
3.0 PROGRAM
_ JASON BROSTOFF
NORMAL OPERATION - CLINIC/MARKET
GROUND FLOOR - 1/16” = 1’
EMERGENCY OPERATION - SHELTER
GROUND FLOOR - 1/16” = 1’
SECOND FLOOR - 1/16” = 1’ SECOND FLOOR - 1/16” = 1’
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 57 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
4.1 SITE ANALYSIS
Bahamas LOCATION MAP
Page 58
MARSH HARBOUR LOCATION MAP
4.1 SITE ANALYSIS
_ JASON BROSTOFF
%3
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SITE PLAN - 1/64â&#x20AC;? = 1â&#x20AC;&#x2122;
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 59 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
AXON - NTS Page 60
4.2 AXONS
_ JASON BROSTOFF
RENDERED AXON - NTS
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 61 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
GROUND FLOOR - 1/8” = 1’ Page 62
4.3 FLOOR PLANS
_ JASON BROSTOFF
SECOND FLOOR - 1/8” = 1’
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 63 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
ROOF PLAN - 1/8” = 1’ Page 64
4.3 FLOOR PLANS
_ JASON BROSTOFF
REFLECTED CEILING PLAN - GROUND FLOOR - 1/8” = 1’
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 65 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
REFLECTED CEILING PLAN - SECOND FLOOR - 1/8” = 1’
Page 66
4.3 FLOOR PLANS
_ JASON BROSTOFF
LONG SECTION- 1/8” = 1’
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 67 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
SHORT SECTION 1 - 1/8” = 1’
SHORT SECTION 2 - 1/8” = 1’
Page 68
4.4 SECTIONS
_ JASON BROSTOFF
WALL SECTION - 3/4” = 1’
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 69 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
SOUTH ELEVATION - 1/8” = 1’
NORTH ELEVATION - 1/8” = 1’
Page 70
4.5 ELEVATIONS
_ JASON BROSTOFF
EAST ELEVATION - 1/8” = 1’
WEST ELEVATION - 1/8” = 1’
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 71 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
MARKET (NORMAL) RENDERING
Page 72
4.6 RENDERINGS
_ JASON BROSTOFF
EMERGENCY RENDERING
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 73 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
NIGHT ENTRANCE RENDERING
Page 74
4.6 RENDERINGS
_ JASON BROSTOFF
BAY VIEW RENDERING NURSES STATION/SHELTER RENDERING
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 75 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
FOUNDATION PLAN - 1/8” = 1’
Page 76
5.1 STRUCTURAL PLANS/AXON
_ JASON BROSTOFF
SECOND FLOOR STRUCTURE PLAN - 1/8” = 1’
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 77 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
ROOF STRUCTURE PLAN - 1/8” = 1’
Page 78
5.1 STRUCTURAL PLANS/AXON
_ JASON BROSTOFF
STRUCTURE AXON - NTS
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 79 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
LIFE SAFETY - 1/8” = 1’
ĂƐŝĐ ĂůƵůĂƚŝŽŶ
&ůŽŽƌ Ϯ ŵĂdž KĐ͘
η ŽĨ ŽĐĐƵƉĂŶƚƐ Ύ Ϭ͘ϯ
ϭϬϬϬ
ŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ tŝĚƚŚ ĂůĐƵůĂƚŝŽŶ η ŽĨ ŽĐĐƵƉĂŶƚƐ Ύ Ϭ͘Ϯ
ϭϬϬϬ
ϲ
ϭϬϬϬ
ϱ͘ϲ
^ƚĂŝƌ tŝĚƚŚ ĂůĐƵůĂƚŝŽŶ
ŽŽƌ tŝĚƚŚ ĂůĐƵůĂƚŝŽŶ η ŽĨ džŝƚƐ
Page 80
η ŽĨ ŽĐĐƵƉĂŶƚƐ Ύ Ϭ͘Ϯ Ͳ
&ŝŶĂů tŝĚƚŚ ;&dͿ ϴ
ϯ džŝƚƐ
5.2 LIFE SAFETY
_ JASON BROSTOFF
PASSIVE HEATING/COOLING
5.3 ENERGY
_ Page 81 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
RAIN WATER COLLECTION
Page 82
5.4 WATER/SUN MANAGEMENT
_ JASON BROSTOFF
SUN STUDY: WINTER SOLSTICE - 9AM
SUN STUDY: SUMMER SOLSTICE - 9AM
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
SUN STUDY: WINTER SOLSTICE - 12PM
SUN STUDY: WINTER SOLSTICE - 3PM
SUN STUDY: SUMMER SOLSTICE - 12PM
SUN STUDY: SUMMER SOLSTICE - 3PM
_ Page 83 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
GROUND FLOOR HVAC PLAN - 1/8” = 1’
Page 84
5.5 Mechanical Systems
_ JASON BROSTOFF
SECOND FLOOR HVAC PLAN - 1/8” = 1’
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 85 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)
GROUND FLOOR LIGHTING PLAN - 1/8” = 1’
Page 86
5.5 Mechanical Systems
_ JASON BROSTOFF
SECOND FLOOR LIGHTING PLAN - 1/8” = 1’
University of Miami School of Architecture 2020
_ Page 87 Integrated Studio _ ARC 608 - ALAYO (J, BROSTOFF)