7QX3M0 ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING: PRODUCTION & PARTS ASSIGNMENT 2018/2019 SEMESTER 1, BLOCK 2
PREPARED BY: MALLIKA JAYARAMAN, 1350587 SZYMON MACHALA, 1349465 GIORGIA PORTOLAN, 1384007 LIUCIJA SIMKUNAITE, 20181721
THE BUILDING - WATERDOG ARCHITECTS - GREGORY NIJS, KLAARCHITECTUUR LOCATION - SINT-TRUIDEN, BELGIUM AREA - 300 m2 PROJECT YEAR - 2016 The building we have been analyzing is situated in the centre of Sint-Truiden, Belgium. It has a rather long history – it was built in the 16th century. Due to the original oak-wood roof construction and archway with corner stones the building is presumed to have been a barn. Afterwards it was re-built into a chapel. Vaulted ceilings above the choir, decorative columns, arched windows, fresco drawings are remains from those days. In the 20th century the chapel was converted into an arts academy, then became a court and, finally, rehearsal place for drama club. The last 50 years before the reconstruction the chapel has not been occupied. The building is listed as a historical monument. This means that architects had to meet several criteria. For example, the historical character of the building had to be kept intact. Thus, the building has a long history of hosting other than religious functions. However, the chapel was left abandoned and “Klaarchitectuur” architects felt like its unique atmosphere would suit their office. Therefore, it has been decided to transform it into a workplace where past, present and future would meet.
PART A 1. DESIGN - CONCEPT The architects felt the need to preserve as much of the unique character that the chapel had as possible. Thus, the building remained untouched, despite it being affected by the ravages of time. It was decided to design a new construction that would contrast with the existing one. Another important thing was to reopen the historical monument to the public. For so many years a chapel was very important for the community so the architects felt the need to give it back to the city. By stacking boxes on top of each other independent units have been created which made it possible to have both public and private functions at the same time. The movement in the renovated building is designed as a spiral wrapping around the boxes. Visitors are taking a walk exploring the structure where a few separate office spaces, terraces meet. The inside of the chapel acts as the outside for the office boxes, being non-insulated.
OLD STRUCTURE
NEW STRUCTURE
On the ground floor public area as well as bathrooms, storage room are situated. There is also a shower that makes it possible to reorganize the place for an overnight stay. First and second floors host office function and private terraces. Third floor is designated for a meeting space. It extends
through the roof. This way the intervention becomes visible from the outside. Moreover, more daylight and views of the city are being achieved. It was very important for the architects to achieve a high quality working environment. They descibe their own office as a ‘spiritual experience’ and are proud of the dynamism they have achieved.
2. BUILDING STRUCTURE Stacked boxes form a stand-alone construction. They are not attached to the walls or roof of the chapel. The only way this stacking technique could have been achieved is by having double flooring. This means that boxes are actually stacked on top of each other, they are not intersecting. Building structure is executed in white plasterboard to achieve a sculptural look. . 3. CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM The structure of the existing chapel building was intact. Although they were cracks and minor issues but it has been repaired and the spread of the damage has been avoided. Original oak roof structure has been preserved too. However, lacquered steel was used to strengthen them. The architecture language used keeps the new and the old easily distinguishable. Roof was fully replaced as it was too damaged to be kept. A foundation of titanium micropoles was used to hold the new construction. They are 40 feet deep into the ground. In order to achieve a stacked box structure that is separate from the existing building steel structure was chosen. Also, all the building parts had to be small enough to be able to be brought through the main doors so that influenced design decisions. Even the floors of the stacked boxes are made from folded steel plates, with OSB and parquet on top. For the insulation rock wool was chosen, it was all wrapped in plasterboard. Thus, steel structure is completely hidden. Only white plastered walls, forming a sculpture, are visible.
GROUND FLOOR
FIRST FLOOR
4. MATERIAL USE Existing chapel walls remained untouched. Even the original floor tiles were kept. During the renovation there were dismantled in order to install the heating and new foundations. Afterwards all the good tiles were placed back. Stacked boxes are made out of white plasterboard. That makes them easy to distinguish from the old structure, create a sculpture-like effect. Stairs that are spiraling around the boxes are contrasting, they are black. This way the shape of the boxes stands out better. The staircase leading to the first floor is completely attached to the structure of the white boxes. It is creating an illusion of a freely floating element. All the stairs are made from lasered plates of steel that is coated in a powder. Stairs can be closed off by a steel door to achieve the privacy. This way two functions can be separated. The two other stairs are made of two stair flanks in lasered steel, with one placed higher than the other so it serves as a railing at the same time. Steps are manufactured from dubble powdercoated folded steel. In the former choir of the chapel there is a kitchen island. It is designed out of MDF, sprayed in brass. There is also a cross-shaped tabernacle that adds to the building’s liturgical character. Brass details are carrying through the whole building. Brass taps were picked for the bathrooms.
SECOND FLOOR
THIRD FLOOR
CLAY ROOF TILES
PLASTER BOARD
PUBLIC SPACE WITHIN THE BUILDING
CIRCULATION
MATERIALS IN THE BUILDING
LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING CHURCH BUILDING EXTENSION ENTRANCES NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS ROADS
SITE PLAN, 1:500
6
1
2
3
4
5
7
LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW WALLS NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
KITCHEN COMMUNAL SPACE BATHROOM BATHROOM STORAGE BATHROOM (PRIVATE) EL ELEVATOR
GROUND FLOOR PLAN, 1:100
1
2
LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW WALLS NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS 1 WORKSPACE 2 ELEVATOR
FIRST FLOOR PLAN, 1:100
1
2
LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW WALLS NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS 1 WORKSPACE 2 TERRACE 3 ELEVATOR SECOND FLOOR PLAN, 1:100
3
2
1
3
LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW WALLS NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS 1 MEETING ROOM 2 TERRACE 3 ELEVATOR THIRD FLOOR PLAN, 1:100
LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW STRUCTURE GLASS SURFACES
SECTION, 1:100
LEGEND: ORIGINAL CHURCH BUILDING NEW STRUCTURE GLASS SURFACES SECTION, 1:100
LEGEND: NEW ELEMENTS
NORTH ELEVATION, 1:100
LEGEND: NEW ELEMENTS FILLED IN WALLS SOUTH ELEVATION, 1:100
LIFT SHAFT
PRIMARY STEEL STRUCTURE
STRUCTURAL SCHEME OF THE BUILDING
THE DETAIL We were interested in analysing extruded box detail. It is the top box in the whole structure that extends through the roof to the inner courtyard. Conceptually it interested us as it is the biggest change architects decided to make to the outside of the building. Also, it is one of the most important elements regarding the function of the building - it is a meeting room where clients are being invited for the discussions. Thus, it is one of the key elements of the building, it affects the image of the whole company. Moreover, we got an opportunity to analyze something that connects inside and outside, new structure with the existing walls. Therefore, we have focused on the details of: 1. How the roof of the extruded box meets the roof of the chapel; . 2. How the wall of the extruded box meets its roof; 3. How the boxes are stacked, walls and other elements are attached inside the builduing. The analysis of the third detail was taken the furthest, it has been turned into a detail of a circular building and constructed. The existing detail consists of: 1. Existing roof structure - wooden beam; 2. Steel I beam structure; 3. Z profile beam, steel profile sheet; 4. Supportive structure - OSB board; 5. Existing roof structure – wooden beam; 6. Plaster board; 7. Insulation – rockwool; 8. Glass wall; 9. Floor finishing – parquet; 10. Wall finishing - plaster
DETAIL
DETAIL RENDERING
THIRD FLOOR SCHEME
DETAIL RENDERING
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 DETAIL LAYER RENDERINGS
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
240
aluminium glass channel
150
94
50
50 125
50
25
metal studs, plasterboard
beam HEA 240
3
beam HEA 200
4
steel plate
5
200
300
30
10
6
5
37
50
133
180
25
10
200
350
OSB plate
HEA column
steel plate
HEA beam
wall
9
10
8
11
SECTION BB 4
50
metal studs, plasterboard
13
100
HEA column
double OSB plate
36 mm thick
steel plate
6
single OSB plate
18 mm thick
HEA + wooden beam
7
metal stud - UW profile
8
metal stud - CW profile
9
rockwool insulation
45 mm thick
10
plasterboard
125 mm thick
11
aluminium glass channel
12
glass wall
13
parquet
14
old wooden beam
35 50 8
aluminium glass channel
6 mm thick
EXISTING DETAIL, PLAN, 1:5
5
50 10
30
12
14
50 125
102 102
140 180
50 50
240
SECTION AA
2
3
metal studs, plasterboard
LEGEND 1 column HEA 140
7
79
400
2
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
1
203
50
25
350
wall
200
HEA steel beam 10
steel plate
180
10
312
OSB plate 5
OSB plate - HEA steel beam 25 25
11
6 12 9
10
102
200
50
10
203
50
25
7
9
6
1
5
8
50
3
60 50
100
92
350
200
axis Z profile steel beams 140
HEA steel beams
10
HEA steel beams - steel plate190 - OSB plates late - OSB plates HEA steel beam 190 - Sylomer l beam - Sylomer
60
45
101
10 94
45
40
1
140
190
190
140
190
4
50
5
45
45 18 12 94
3
190
101 6 12 9 60 40
2
140
190
190
4
50 60
metal studs, plasterboard
30
33
50
10
481 33
25 25
metal studs, plasterboard
200
481
102
OSB plate - HEA steel beam
230
30
230
312
OSB plate
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
10
190
180
190
10
steel plate
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
rockwool insulation - floor build-up rockwool insulation - floor build-up Z profil steel beams - steel profile sheet Z profil steel beams - steel profile sheet HEA steel beams HEA steel beams
200
HEA steel beam
18 12
350
wall
LEGEND 1 beam HEA 200 2
beam HEA 240
3
Z profile steel beam
4
steel profile sheet
5
rockwool insulation
45 mm thick
6
OSB plate
18 mm thick
7
parquet
12 mm thick
8
Sylomer (elastomer)
9
OSB plate
10
metal stud - UW profile
11
plasterboard
12
glass wall
13
aluminium glass channel
14
old wooden beam
9 mm thick 125 mm thick
EXISTING DETAIL, SECTION AA, 1:5 100 200
92
350
axis Z profile steel beams HEA steel beams
350 240 350
240 240
240 18 18 12
78 18 18 12 350
78 350 350
400 400 350 HEA steel beam - old wooden beam
Z profil steel beams - steel profile sheet
3
51
50
140 190
50 5118 12 8 190
45
190
300
300
230
140
230 230
2
50
50
18 12
18 12
rockwool insulation - floor build-up
Z profil steel beams - steel profile sheet
HEA steel beams -- floor Sylomer rockwool insulation build-up
HEA steel Z profil steel beams beams - steel profile sheet
HEA steel beams - Sylomer
HEA steel beams
16
50
8
18 12 8
45
90
4560 45
140
230
190
152
50 5 6 51 50 5 6 51 16 152
floor build-up HEA steel beam - old wooden beam
1
30
140
4
50
50
50
100 90
100 60
5
30
180
Z profil steel beams - steel profile sheet
EXISTING DETAIL, SECTION BB, 1:5 58 180 58
floor build-up
140
190
140 190
190
190
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
1
10
12
7
7 6
4
3 14
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
step build-up step build-up axis Z profile steel beams axis Z profile steel beams HEA steel beam - old wooden beam HEA steel beam - old wooden beam 10 steel plate - L angle profile steel plate - L angle profile aluminium glass channel - step build aluminium glass channel - step build-up
322 322 96 96 16 30 16 3050 50
74 74
200 200
25 25
53 53
72 72 25 25
wall build-up
5
outer wall
floor build-up
9
40
40
340
340 200
125 200
224018 50 50
50 100
10
125 125
5
LEGEND
25
50
2
25
1
45
11
39
12
125
3
16 39 12545 16 125 100
4
7 6
22 18
8
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
10
outer wall
1
beam HEA 200
2
Z profile steel beam
3
steel profile sheet
4
vapour barrier
5
rockwool insulation
6 7
OSB plate parquet
8
metal stud - UW profile
9
plasterboard
10
PIR insulation
11
waterproofing
12
outer metal cladding
EXISTING DETAIL, SECTION THROUGH THE OUTER BOX FLOOR/WALL, 1:5
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 11
1 10
39
12
32
2
10
40
0
3 50
roof boards
5
insulation
6
waterproofing
7
roof laths
8
roof tiles
9
suspended ceiling
10
plasterboard
15
216
216
15
0
341 125 140
135
15
0
150 821
55
50 141
4
27
wooden rafter
54
3
27
folded metal sheet
20
41
2
141
Z profile steel
149
1
20
455
LEGEND
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
0
20
350
350 700
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
EXISTING DETAIL, ROOF SECTION, 1:5
PHOTOGRAPH 1
PHOTOGRAPH 2
1 2
3
PHOTOGRAPH 3 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE DETAIL IN REAL LIFE: EXTRUDED BOX
PHOTOGRAPH 1
PHOTOGRAPH 2
2
3
1
PHOTOGRAPH 3 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE DETAIL IN REAL LIFE: STACKED BOXES AND EXISTING WOODEN BEAM
PART B 1. DESIGN - CONCEPT Some of the architects design intentions turned out to be circular, the use of steel plates in order to strengthen the roof beams, they have also replaced the original floor tiles. However, they have replaced a window and doors into metal profile ones. This could have been done using wood profiles. Our aim for the redesigning stage was to follow the architect’s approach and keep the heritage chapel untouched, this way the history is preserved for the future generations. The modern part of the building had to go through quite a few changes. Although the concept of the building stayed the same – we followed the idea of white boxes stacked on top of each other – The steel building structure was retained in our intervention, yet the layers of the planes (floors and walls) were replaced with circular elements. 2. BUILDING STRUCTURE The steel beams/columns are retained, they are holding stacked boxes as the structure needs to be very strong and compact to be able to fit into existing chapel. Also, steel beams can be reused. However, most of the other metal parts have been replaced. • ‘Z’ profile steel beams that were holding roof and floor structure have been changed into wood ‘I’ beams. • Steel profile sheets were replaced by wooden counter beams, Instead of metal studs we could use timber studs. Moreover, in their project architects used plasterboard. Our intervention uses a more sustainable material, namely OSB boards. Instead of plastering OSB boards with regular cladding materials or chemical plaster we are proposing to use lime plaster. Lime plaster is composed of lime, sand, water. A porous, textural material lets the building breathe. It helps to stabilize the humidity by absorbing and releasing moisture. It is also very durable and its finish provides aesthetic texture. Rockwool was changed into straw insulation panels. Straw insulation panels are made of extruded wheat straw surrounded on all sides by recycled paper. They provide good humidity regulation as well as insulate sound. That was very important for a building that is hosting two different – private and public – functions. It is also good for keeping a stable temperature. They store heat, provide smaller temperature fluctuations during the summer. 3. CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM The original steel structure of the building aims to be retained, as steel is a reusable material and classifies in its circularity.
DIAGRAM OF THE REDESIGNED BUILDING
4. MATERIAL USE Redesigning building we used much more natural materials than it was done before. Although the metal structure – steel beams – was kept, some of the metal beams, steel profile sheets were changed into wooden alternatives. Insulation in the whole building has been changed into straw insulation panels. Instead of plasterboard we have decided to use OSB boards. Originally architects used metal frame to hold the walls together. This has been replaced to wooden frames. Walls are plastered with natural, lime plaster. Not only metal structural elements but also metal decor details were changed into natural ones. One of the most important accents in the building were steel stairs. It has been decided to replace them to the wooden ones.
THE DETAIL During the investigation of the detail we have realized that architects did not prioritize sustainable, circular materials. We have came up with a solutions for that by replacing: 1. Z profile steel beam to wood beams; 2. Steel profile sheet to wooden counter beams; 3. Metal studs to timber studs; 4. Plasterboard to OSB boards; 5. Plastering to lime plaster; 6. Rockwool to straw insulation panel. Some parts of the detail, for example, steel beams were kept. However, they can be reused.
DETAIL RENDERING
1. Existing roof structure - wooden beam
2. Steel I beam structure
3. Z profile beam, steel profile sheet
4. Supportive structure - 5. Existing roof structure - wooden OSB board beam
6. Plaster board
7. Insulation - rockwool
8. Glasswall
9. Floor finishing parquet
10. Wall finishing plaster
ORIGINAL DETAIL LAYERS
1. Existing roof structure - wooden beam
2. Main strcuture - 3. Slab structure - wooden 4. Supporttive structure steel I beams I beams, wooden battens OSB board
5. Wall structure wooden frame
6. Wall - OSB board
7. Insulation - straw insulation panels
8. Glasswall
9. Floor finishing parquet
10. Wall finishing plaster
REDESIGNED DETAIL LAYERS
REDESIGNED DETAIL LAYER RENDERINGS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
35 70 10
7
200
5
180
6
133
5
313
173
3
10
70
70 20
9
22
11
8 10
SECTION BB
11 275
22 35 22 8 30 50
4
153
LEGEND
100 140
100
240
12
22 37
62
2
13
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
10
400
14
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
110
1
1
column HEA 140
2
beam HEA 240
3
beam HEA 200
4
steel plate
5
double OSB plate
36 mm thick
6
single OSB plate
18 mm thick
7
timber stud -base
8
timber stud - frame
9
straw insulation panel
10
OSB plate
11
Pavatex wood fibre
12
glass wall
13
parquet
14
old wooden beam
6 mm thick
45 mm thick 9 mm thick
REDESIGNED DETAIL, PLAN, 1:5
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 339
steel platewall
200 180 308
OSB board 100
OSB board
25
200
70
160
70
21
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
9 11 12
6
26
18 9
27 1612
7
10
32
5
6
190
2
200
1
200
190
13
5
straw insulation panel
45 mm thick
6
OSB plate
18 mm thick
7
parquet
12 mm thick
8
Sylomer (elastomer)
9
OSB plate
10
timber stud
11
Pavatex wood fibre panel
12
lime plaster
13
joist hanger
14
old wooden beam
1
HEA steel beams
229
345
200
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
HEA steel beams - OSB boards
6 mm thick
wooden I-beams HEA steel beam
190
200
190
180
4
508
batten
101
4
57
wooden I-beams
5
25
3
8
48
beam HEA 240
60
2
111
beam HEA 200
33
40
3
1
REDESIGNED DETAIL, SECTION AA, 1:5
24 19
24
floor build-up
wall build-up
LEGEND
10
HEA steel beams
10
steel plate
wooden I-beams
HEA steel beam
10
180
57 200
51
17
152
7
300
25 32 200
60 231
60 231
50 56
30
4 3
40
4
241
200
13 200
225
7
1 3
240
300
1118 181516
300 300
300
300
318
400
LEGEND 1
beam HEA 200
2
beam HEA 240
3
wooden I-beams
4
batten
5
straw insulation panel
45 mm thick
6
OSB plate parquet
18 mm thick 12 mm thick
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
252
5
41
15
13 24 16
24
14
46
27
61
2
7
8
Sylomer (elastomer)
9
OSB plate
10
timber stud
11
Pavatex wood fibre panel
12
lime plaster
13
joist hanger
14
old wooden beam
6 mm thick
REDESIGNED DETAIL, SECTION BB, 1:5
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
60
MAKING PROCESS OF THE DETAIL
MAKING PROCESS OF THE DETAIL
MAKING PROCESS OF THE DETAIL
MAKING PROCESS OF THE DETAIL
PHOTOS OF 1:1 MODEL
PHOTOS OF 1:1 MODEL
RESOURCES 1. Archdaily.com. (2019). Klaarchitectuur | Office | ArchDaily. [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/office/klaarchitectuur [Accessed 03 Jan. 2019]. 2. Klaarchitectuur.be. (2019). Kapel | Klaarchitectuur. [online] Available at: http://www.klaarchitectuur.be/kapel-klaarchitectuur [Accessed 05 Jan. 2019]. 3. Klaarchitectuur.be. (2019). Kapel | Klaarchitectuur. [online] Available at: http://www.klaarchitectuur.be/kapel-klaarchitectuur [Accessed 05 Jan. 2019]. 4. Deplazes, A. (1997). Constructing architecture: materiall processes structures: a handbook. Basel: Birkhäuser. 5. Kodu Kuubis. (2019). Retrieved from https://kodukuubis.com/en/ about-straw-panel/ 6. Why Use Lime? - Building Limes Forum. (2019). Retrieved from https:// www.buildinglimesforum.org.uk/about-lime/why-use-lime/
RESOURCES