MASTER IN ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE
TISC TEXTILE INNOVATION STARTUP CENTER SELF-SUFFICIENT BUILDINGS By: Juan Diego Ardila Taruni Aggarwal Diego Diaz Dulce Luna Dirce Medina Tutors: Enric Ruiz Geli Mireia Luzรกrraga
Self - Sufficient Buildings Master in Advanced Architecture_01 2012-2013 IAAC -Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia in Barcelona
INDEX INTRODUCTION
5
I RESEARCH
7
PROBLEMS
9
ENERGY ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT DELOCALIZATION
INDUSTRY
41
FOOD TEXTILE
II CONCEPT
65
ACTIVISM
77
TEXTILE
87
BUILDING
107
III DESIGN
IaaC MAA_01
3
INTRODUCTION TEXTILE INNOVATION STARTUP CENTER (TISC) is the future of the textile industries. This future Textile Industry is a true iconic gesture that responds to its renewal in terms of ETHICS, INNOVATION and SUSTAINABILITY. Retrofitting the industry, the “Urban Fabric” is a three-dimensional mesh envelope based on cell organisation in plants that combines farming, photovoltaic panels, metal, fibers, water and technology. This modulation from structure to plants, insulated to uninsulated, skin to nature, adapts to the seasons and reflects the environments of future activities. The radicalness of the project marks the starting point of a new revolution in this industry. The concept of building as a cycle is a new design language. The metal skeleton and the chimneys reflect the industrial history of the site. Variety and fluidity in the landscape offers different experiences in the site. The Urban Fabric gives maximum space in minimum architecture to express variations in use of the space. Its all about particles. Cells as nano particle, Seeds as particles, Water as particles and Fibers as particles >> All these particles play an important role in the “Building Design Cycle”. Cell organisation is the starting point of the mesh envelope design. Seeds are the points on the mesh that gradually forms the skin of the mesh. Water controls the micro climate and fibers become a part of the structure. The book is divided into two sections. Section 1 is “Research” that lead us to TISC and Section 2 is “Concept and Design” that lead us to TISC Building. IaaC MAA_01
5
I
RESEARCH
Energy Crisis, Environment Crisis, Economy Crisis...... We are in a era of Global Crisis. This section of the book explains “The Problems” related to Energy, Environment, Economy and Delocalization. Energy problems in terms if international transfers and consumption by different sectors and specially industries and the impact of energy consumption and production on the environment. Co2 emissions, air pollution, water pollution, global warming..... are just a few environmental problems. The price of energy and food is climbing, unemployment remains high, the housing market has tanked, consumer and government debt is soaring, and the recovery is slowing. Facing the prospect of a second collapse of the global economy, humanity is desperate for a sustainable economic game plan to take us into the future. The concept of Delocalization for lower costs is keeping the World away from innovation and worsening the problems related to energy, environment and economy. There is a need to create a new economic paradigm that can transform the world. “The Third Industrial Revolution” by Jeremy Rifkin is that paradigm.[Details on page 16] IaaC MAA_01
7
ENERGY
I
PROBLEMS ENERGY
“LATERAL POWER” will ensure that we enjoy our future and prepare a happy one for our children. To get energy into any kind of building it has to go to a whole process of transfer and distribution. While its being produced in big scale in centralized plants it has to be converted into useful quantities for the population. This process makes it difficult to know where the energy that you are consuming is coming from, and how is it being produced. There is an aparent measure of your consumption of energy that will never accord to your real consumption, because it has to go into so many procedures that it is raising and the price to get into your home, and you end paying the whole chain of events. The Third Industrial Revolution infrastructure, is a ‘renaissance’ of small and medium-size enterprises, and producers and consumers cooperatives. The big companies that survive, they will transform their role and they will be aggregates of networks, because they have the logistical reach..
IaaC MAA_01
9
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
CONSUMPTION (Quadrillion Btu)
97.301
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA 0 - 1.5 TOE 1.5 - 3 TOE 3 - 4.6 TOE 4.5 - 6 TOE > 6 TOE
PRODUCTION (Quadrillion Btu)
78.096
ENERGY PRODUCTION 0 - 900 KTOE 900 - 1100 KTOE 1100 - 1300 KTOE 1300 - 1500 KTOE 1500 - 1600 KTOE > 1700 KTOE
Global energy consumption and production
10
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Energy Consumption - Energy Production (kton) 2,417,125.93
China
2,208,962.14 2,216,323.99
United States
1,724,510.76 701,523.20
Russia
1,293,048.65 692,689.00
India
518,670.54 579,142.65
Arab
1,678,365.95 496,849.12
Japan
96,791.26 327,374.66
Germany
131,349.32 265,624.19
Brazil
246,373.27 262,288.15
France
135,569.10 251,838.45
Canada
397,832.49 0
2,000,000
1,000,000
3,000,000
Consumption Production
Primary Energy Overview (Quadrillion Btu) Consumpion - Production - Imports
Consumpion Production
Imports
Energy transactions
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
11
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Energy Demand 100 %
<1%
100 %
Oil RENEWABLE Wind, wind Oil 68% Nuclear 65% THERMAL
Natural Gas 54% Coal 41%
Sources of Energy
100 %
Production
Energy Loss
31% After production
Energy Consumption Subdivision
The future of energy is where consumption will be the energy produced and needed, there will be no middle-process in between, so that will guarantee a better, local and sustainable consumption. Columns for the 3rd industrial revolution: 1)Transition to renewable energy. 2) Transformation of buildings into micro power plants that bring and empowered the energy in each site. 3) hydrogen technology and others systems of energetic storage in every building and in the infrastructure. 4)Internet energy shared network system. 5)Transition to motorized vehicles with electric power or batteries that are part of the network.
12
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Industry
Transportation
52%
35%
Comercial 5%
Cooking
6%
Hot water
14%
Heat
75%
Lighting
13%
100 % 64% Non - domestic
36%
100 %
Electricity customers
Electricity use
â&#x20AC;&#x153;In 25 years, millions of buildings (homes, offices, malls, industry parks and technological facilities) would become or have been rebuilt to function as electric power plants and as habitats at the same timeâ&#x20AC;? Jeremy Rifkin The third industrial Revolution
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
13
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Asturias
Cantabria
País Vasco Navarra
Galicia LaRioja
Cataluña
Castilla y León Aragón
Madrid
Castilla - La Mancha
Comunidad Valenciana
Extremadura Baleares
Murcia Circuits
Lines Future
Tension
Installed
Service
Andalucía
Under construction Cable Subtarranean / Underwater
In Service Contruction / Programmed
High Tension In Service
Contruction / Programmed
Substation
National energy connections. Spain
Internet revolution converges with the new distributed energy revolution to create a nervous system for this infrastructure. So when millions and millions of buildings in Europe are collecting their own green energy on-site, storing it in hydrogen, like we store media in digital, then if you don’t need some of that electricity, your software can program it so you can sell your electricity across the electricity Internet, (with what we call) a smart grid, from the Irish sea to the edge of eastern Europe. Just like we create our own information, store it in digital, share it online.
14
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Total Demand Residential
Summer Peak
Winter Peak
Energy demand - Total, Residential Summer / Winter
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
15
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Asturias
Cantabria
País Vasco Navarra
Galicia LaRioja
Cataluña
Castilla y León Aragón
THERMOELECTRIC COAL Madrid
THERMOELECTRIC FUEL/GAS
Comunidad Valenciana
Castilla - La Mancha Extremadura
THERMOELECTRIC COMBINED
Murcia
NUCLEAR Andalucía
Energy Production Spots
FRANCE
INCINERATORS
AND.
CEMENT INDUSTRY Figueras
WASTE
ARAGÓN Girona
QUEMISTRY INDUSTRY Manresa Lérida
OIL PLATFORM
Igualada
Lloret de Mar Granollers
ENERGY MAP Tarrasa
Mataró
Badalona
Villafranca del Panadés
ANIMALS BREEDING
Villanueva y Geltrú Reus
Tarragone
Cambrils
PAPER INDUSTRY
Amposta
OTHER INDUSTRY
Contamination black spots - Spain
16
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Barcelona
International Energy Transfer 1000
1400
France
Errondenia 2
Argia
463
306
0
5
1.684
1
497
892
1.785
607
340
48
Pocinho 2 444
Aldeadávila 220 kV Madrid
48
Pocinho 1 448
Aldeadávila 220 kV 19
Pocinho 495
Saucelle 220 kV 877
Falagueira 733
Comunidad Valenciana
Castilla - La Mancha
Extremadura
Cedillo 400 kV 0
Alcáçovas 59
Badajoz 66 kV
Murcia
1.300 346 0 0
Melloussa (Marruecos)
900
Encinasola 15 kV
P. Cruz 400 kV
000 000
1400
Barrancos
Brovales 400 kV Andalucía
16
Alqueva
4.510
2300 2300
0
0
Lindoso Lagoaça
Portugal
Asturias
173
Galicia
Argia
Pragnéres Lac D’oo Cantabria Margineda (Andorra) País Vasco Irún 132 kV Baixas Arkale 220 kV Navarra Hernani 400 kV Biescas 220 kV LaRioja Lindoso Benós 110 kV Adrall 110 kV Cataluña Castilla y León Vic 400 kV 1.478 Aragón Aldeadávila 400 kV 447 Conchas 132 kV
0
159 3.772
Cartelle 400 kV
Morocco
000 000
Total Capacity Actual Physical Exchange
Energy transactions. Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Andorra, France 12.000
Import
10.000 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 0 -2.000 -4.000 -6.000 -8.000 -10.000
Export
-12.000
2007
2008
2009
France
Portugal
2010
Andorra
2011
Morocco
Total Balance
Energy Balance
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
17
18
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
New Energy Production - Transactions
Geothermal energy
Wind energy farm
Recollection of rain water
Storage energy to Neighbourhood
Storage with Hydrogen
Building
Energy from the Neighbourhood
Biological energy
Energy from the river and the sea
Photovoltaics
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
19
ENVIRONMENT
PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENT
The several enviromental desasters caused by human has been underestimated, pretending they were always there and that the human hand have nothing to do with them. Also letting them happend without any strict and rigourus supervision. Many of the biggest and rihest business in the globe are involved in practices that causes several damaged to the health of the enviroment and all the spiecies living on it. By understanding the greatest enviromental problems, we can make the relation between the cause and the effect so that the way of thinking the project is in total relation with the local and global problems. A series of enverimental damages were studied included co2 emisions, pollution in soil and water.
IaaC MAA_01
21
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Mayor contributors to co2 emissions
Africa Central / South America 1,145,160,030 1,785,932,690 Middle East 1,785,932,690
Asia / Oceania 14,161,441,000
Eurasia 2,454,132,000
Europe 4,370,287,140
North America 6,605,667,090
CO2 EMISSIONS
(million metric tons) China
8,320,963
United States
5,610,108 1,695,623
India
1,633,804
Russia
1,164,466
Japan
793,655
Germany
578,973
South Korea
560,335
Iran
548,754
Canada
532,442
United Kingdom
478,407
Soudi Arabia
465,097
South Africa
453,870 445,283 416,373
Brazil Mexico Italy
405,342
Australia
395,195
Francia
389,428
Indonesia
316,426
Spain
305,379
Taiwan
22
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Pollution -10°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
40°
40°
Pollution hot spots along the Mediterranean coast
30°
30°
0°
10°
20°
30°
Hot spot
Hot spots along the Mediterranean coast.
Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination by drinking water from untreated sewage in developing countries. Greece Malta Switzerland Romania Lithuania Bulgaria Serbia Czech Republic Croatia Hungary Norway Latvia Slovakia Estonia FYR of Macedonia Italy Belgium Austria Sweden Spain Denmark Finland Luxembourg
Industrial production and commercial services Municipal waste treatment and disposal Industrial waste treatment and disposal Mining Oil industry Power plants Military Storage Transport spills on land Others
0
20
Military Mining 1 % 2% Transport spills on land 3 % Storage 4 %
40
60
80
100%
Others 9%
Industrial production and commercial services 36 %
760,000 PEOPLE DIE each year in China because of AIR AND WATER POLLUTION
Power plants 4% Industrial waste treatment and disposal 9%
Municipal waste treatment and disposal 15 %
-Wold Bank Report. 2010 Oil industry 17 %
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
23
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
CO
Primary PM2.5 Waste Energy production Agriculture 2 % and distribution 4% 8% Solvent and Other product use 0.3 % 1% Energy use in industry Industrial 11 % processes 13 %
Agriculture 2%
Waste Energy production and 2% distribution 3%
Industrial processes 9%
Energy use in industry 12 %
Road transport 15 % Non-road transport 3%
Commercial, institutional and households 43 %
Road transport 34 %
Commercial, institutional and households 36 % Non-road transport 2%
NOX
SOX Commercial, institutional and households 8%
Industrial processes 5%
Agriculture Waste Industrial processes 2 % 0.2 % 2% Commercial, institutional and households 15 %
Non-road transport 3% Road transport 1%
Energy production and distribution 21 %
Non-road transport 7%
Energy use in industry 13 %
Energy use in industry 14 %
Road transport 39 %
Energy production and distribution 70 %
NMVOC
NH3
Agriculture 6%
Waste 1%
Road transport 2% Industrial processes 1%
Non-road transport 2%
Solvent and product use 35 % Industrial processes 14 %
24
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Energy use in industry 2% Road transport 17 %
Waste 2%
Agriculture 95 %
Energy production and distribution 9%
Commercial, institutional and households 14 %
SAVE
IF EVERYONE IN THE UK BOUGHT ONE RECLAIMED WOOLEN GARMENT EACH YEAR
2012-2013
371 MILLION GALLONS ( THE AVERAGE UK RESERVOIR HOLDS ABOUT 300 MILLION GALLONS )
480 TONNES OF CHEMICAL DYESTUFFS
MAA_01
IaaC
25
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
$32 billion =
CULTIVATED BY PEOPLE IN MISERY
GLOBAL COTTON PRODUCTION
< 1% IS ORGANIC COTTON OR FAIRTRADE
1 T-SHIRT
=
2,720 LT’S
=
AVERAGE PERSON MIGHT DRINK OVER 3 YEARS.
3 OUT OF 5 DOESN’T HAVE A FORMAL CONTRACT OR SOCIAL RIGHTS. THEIR SALARIES IT’S AS MUCH AS 5% OF THE FINAL COST OF THE GARMENT.
26
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
= 54% OF ALL PESTICIDES
TEXTILE DYEING AND FINISHING MILLS USE CONSIDERABLY MORE WATER THAN MOST INDUSTRIES AS MUCH AS 200 TONNES OF WATER FOR EVERY TONNE OF TEXTILES PRODUCED.
85% 13.1 MILLION TONS ACCORDING EPA (2010) TEXTILES DISCARDED BY AMERICANS
15% 2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
27
ECONOMY
PROBLEMS ECONOMY
Our oil deppendant industry and economy is driving big business into unethical and pollutant practices in order to get more profits. The understanding of the economy helped us define the way the project should be thought about. By research the economical factors that driven europe and the world not only in a late economic crisis but also understandig that many of the practices that we take for granted have been commited for many years and still, beside the impact in the planet we, as a human species, still make things in the wrong way. One of the site greatest fact in hsitory is the one that it used to be a strong textile factor, what happened to the industry? By crossing information between innovation, employement, payments etc.. we can understand what has happened in the last decades.
IaaC MAA_01
29
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Innovation and Employment INNOVATION IN THE SECTOR (% OF COMPANIES) Electricity - TIC Transport AeroSpatial Chemistry - Pharmaceutics Metal Vehicules Electric Machinery Equipment TOTAL MANUFACTURE INDUSTRY Plastics Navy Paper-Graphics Food - Tabacco Furnature Textile - Confection Metal Products Minerals Wood 0
20
10
30
40
50
60
70
COMPENSATION PER EMPLOYEE THOUSANDS EUROS
Railway AeroSpatial Chemistry Metal Navy Vehicules Electric Machinery Electronics - TIC Equipment Minerals Plastics TOTAL MANUFACTURE INDUSTRY Paper-Graphics Metal Products Food - Tabacco Wood Furniture Textile - Confection
55.0 54.0 51.7 45.3 45.1 41.2 40.4 40.0 39.6 36.5 35.8 35.5 34.8 32.6 31.0 26.5 26.0 25.6 0
15
30
45
60
75
Relationship between the innovative companies and the economic compensation for its employees. The low payments in the textile industry are related to the lack of innovation, while in more innovative sectors the situation for its employees is satisfactory.
30
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Textile Economy 13.793M
1.408M
INDITEX
MANGO
936,9M 560M 353M 200M CORTEFIEL
While the payment and labour conditions in the textile industry are mediocre, the aport to the GDP is low, the number of employees decreasing, still is an industry that moves millions of euros and has one of the richest men in the world
DESIGUAL
PEPE JEANS CAMPER
Spain GDP Service- 71% Industry- 25% Agriculture- 2.8% Textile Industry- 5% Industrial production growth rate- -1.4%
TEXTILE OCCUPATION (million workers)
600.000
1976-80 Restructure
Plan
500.000
1986-90 Recovery 400.000
1992-93 Crisis 2001-02 Globalization
300.000
200.000
1986 EU
Entry
100.000
‘76
‘78
‘80
‘82
‘84
‘86
‘88
‘90
2012-2013
‘92
‘94
‘96
MAA_01
‘98
‘00
IaaC
‘02
31
‘04
‘06
‘08
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
+ With the detox campaign by GREEN PEACE and public pressure some companies as Limited Brands (Victoriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s secret), Mango, Zara, Levi Strauss & Co.,Benetton, Marks & Spencer, between some others are committed to eliminate all hazardous chemicals from its supply chain and products by 2020. + total sales in 2010 of between 150,000 and 200,000 tonnes of textile products.
32
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
33
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
DELOCALIZATION
34
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
PROBLEMS DELOCALIZATION
In the 80’s the global management consulting firm McKinsey made a new territorial reorganization to canalize the productive delocalisation, as part of a research for a number of multinational companies that were facing de decrease of their benefits and needed to extend to other territories. This new reorganization included Pacific-Asia, Oceania, Middle East (mainly oil producer’s countries). But it became relevant in the 90‘s and is one of the pillars of the globalization process. * Low cost of labor force. * Less strict laws for the protection of the environment, com bating pollution, disruption of land, etc. * Flexible work conditions, that allow less security regulations, increased working hours, etc.
IaaC MAA_01
35
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Consequences * Rising unemployment in the country of origin. * Creation of low quality employment in the destination country. * Pollution and destruction of the environment, caused by the lack environmental regulations and sensibility to evaluate properly the damage. Resulting in droughts, desertification, abuse in exploitation of resources, waste increments, etc. * â&#x20AC;&#x153;Domino effectâ&#x20AC;? between companies, in order to compete with the delocalized company must imitate the method. * Quality reduction in the final product, made by low-qualified workers or under bad labor conditions. * Decreasing of the product price in the inner market and possibility of wages increment due to the cost reduction. * Labor exploitation.
36
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Textile Economy
DELOCALIZATION OF ACTIVITIES IN SPANISH INDUSTRY (2000-2005) Textile and Clothing manufacture Leather and Footwear Furniture and others Transport Material Optic and electric material 0
20
10
30
40
50
60
JOBS AFFECTED BY DELOCALIZATION IN CATALONIA Food & beverages Textile & Clothing Manufacture Leather & Footwear Metallurgy Furniture & others Chemical industry Rubber & Plastic Machinery & equipment Transport equipment Machinery & electrical appliances Electronic material & communications Office & computer equipment 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
TOTAL = 21, 205
Migration of jobs and production to other parts of the world, mostly poor(er) developing countries.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
37
6000
7000
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Catalunya Affected by Delocalization Andalucia
Valencia
Catalu単a
181 206
Madrid
Basque Country Rest of Espa単a 0
100
200
1990 - 1994 1995 - 1999 2000 - 2008 TOTAL
60 50 40 30 20 10
European U./Asia/Latin America European Union/Others
European U./Africa/Latin America
European U.7Asia
European U./Africa
European Union
European U./ East Europe
East Europe/Africa
East Europe/Asia
Asia/Latin America
East Europe
Africa/Asia
Africa/Latin America
Asia
Latin America
Africa
0
DESTINATION COUNTRIES FOR SPANISH DELOCALISATION (2000-2007)
38
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Catalunya y Affected byy Delocalization
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
39
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
INDUSTRY
40
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
INDUSTRY
Industries are the driving forces of our Nation. The above studies drove our attention to â&#x20AC;&#x153;Industriesâ&#x20AC;?. All the industries are facing problems related to energy, environment, economy and delocalization. There is a need for innovation and the shift of industries to knowledge based economy has become mandatory. We studied two main industries- Food and Textile Industry. Taking the case specific of our site located in Poblenou district of Barcelona, Spain we made deeper studies for textile industry and decided to retrofit this Industry.
IaaC MAA_01
41
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
FOOD
42
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
INDUSTRY FOOD
“IF WE FAIL TO PROTECT THE FARMING PROFESSION, IT WILL BECOME EXTINCT.” -SLOW FOOD SPAIN
IN THE NAME OF PRODUCTIVITY, OUR LIVES HAS BEEN MODIFIED, REPRESENTING IN MANY CASES A THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND LANDSCAPE. AND IT IS THROUGH THE CULTURE AND NOT THROUGH ITS IMPOVERISHMENT, THAT THE PROGRESS COULD BEGIN WITH AN INTERCHANGE OF HISTORY, KNOWLEDGE AND PROJECTS. THE INDUSTRIAL AGRIFOOD MODEL THAT HAS ASSERTED ITSELF OVER THE LAST FIFTY YEARS IS ONE OF THE CAUSES OF THE MOST SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE CRISES EVER EXPERIENCED BY HUMANITY.
ON THE ONE HAND, INSOFAR AS THEY WERE CONSIDERED INEXTINGUISHABLE, NATURAL RESOURCES SUCH AS WATER, LAND, FORESTS AND WOODS HAVE BEEN EXPLOITED INDISCRIMINATELY, AND HAVE HENCE DETERIORATED IRREVERSIBLY. ON THE OTHER, INDUSTRIAL FARMING HAS MADE AN INCREASINGLY UNBRIDLED USE OF INPUTS OF FOSSIL ORIGIN, SUCH AS CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDES AND PLASTICS.
IaaC MAA_01
43
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Food travelling around the world
2439 km 2380 km 1339 km
6787 km 4234 km 5034 km 3216 km 6227 km 7901 km 1937 km
The graphic shows the different places around the world where the food that is being consumed in Spain is coming from. This kind of consumption economy is not sustainable, and is one of the first activities that produce landscape and water pollution. The data is the average of km during a year that the different products travel before being consumed. 44
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
United States France Italy Chile Argentina Brazil Costa Rica Portugal Germany Belgium
516.962.127
341.131.055
33.760.421
447.897.533
181.422.496
268.145.156
208.077.512
187.751.803
222.970.607
90.890.091
214.629.252
214.087.051
146.745.744
170.363.465
63.924.728
197.690.010
142.652.031
131.491.546
150.747.558
20.672.797
178.487.117
87.592.507
103.304.483
93.461.880
6.058.439
140.004.022
85.811.274
99.063.871
88.158.599
40.680.354
114.405.641
66.482.289
73.068.078
97.875.788
38.839.150
82.604.397
64.426.315
94.771.434
107.997.061
42.868.395
105.553.054
58.250.975
60.354.566
62.028.273
33.799.473
98.171.221
49.025.340
65.176.451
75.982.508
19.444.432 / TON
Imported fruits and vegetables
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
45
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
46
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
47
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
TEXTILE
48
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
INDUSTRY TEXTILE
DEPENDING ON THE AREA, YOU CAN FIND A HUGE VARIETY OF INDUSTRIES IN CATALUNYA. DURING THE 20TH CENTURY, OBE OF THE MOST POPULAR INDUSTRIES WAS TEXTILE, BUT NOW IT HAS ALMOST DISAPPEARED TEXTILE INDUSTRY HAS BECOME A FOCAL POINT IN MANY COUNTRIES IN NOWADAYS. SPANISH ACTIVITY IN THE TEXTILE-CLOTHING INDUSTRY SECTOR REPRESENTS A TENTH OF THE WHOLE OF EUROPE AND ITS THE FIFTH AMONG THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. IN SPAIN, THE ARE 7,500 COMPANIES IN THIS SECTOR, PROVIDING AROUND 5 PERCENT OF THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT. THE TEXTILE SECTOR HAS A PARTICULARLY SIGNIFICANT WEIGHT IN CATALAN INDUSTRY. IT IS ESTIMATED AS REPRESENTING 8% OF INDIVIDUAL PRODUCTION AND 14% OF THE INDUSTRIAL OCCUPATION. IN RECENT YEARS. THE CATALAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY HAS EXPERIENCED UPHEAVAL.
IaaC MAA_01
49
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Local industrial production systems in the textile, clothing and leather industry in Catalonia NARROW FABRICS BAGES
COTTON SPINNING BAGES BERGUEDA OSONA
RECYCLING COTTON SPINNING GARROTXA
BOVINE LEATHER ANOIA KNOTTED FABRICS ANOIA
SHEEPSKIN VALLES ORIENTAL
KNITTED FABRICS MARESME
CLOTHING BARCELONA WOOL SHIPPING VALLES OCCIDENTAL
NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS
EMPLOYEES
UP TO 50
UP TO 1.000
50 - 100
1.000 - 3.000
MORE THAN 100
MORE THAN 3.000
TEXTILE INDUSTRY (million euros) 13.420
13.682 13.305 Imports
12.396 11.795 11.011
-4.761
10.031
-5.645
9.431
-5.662 -3.974
-5.093 -4.352
-2.994
Exports
-3.404 8.544 7.775
8.020
7.821
7.303 6.437
2003
50
6.627
6.659
2004
2005
IaaC
MAA_01
2006
2007
2012-2013
2008
2009
2010
Enric
Mireia
Taruni
Urte
Dulce
Dori
Stuart
Moe
Surag
Angeliki
Juan Diego
Dirce
Diego
Aldo
Alejandra
Konstantina
Robert
Mauricio
Maria
Giorgios
Diego
Zeynep
Roopa
Elif
Marjan
Miguel
Chirag
Joe
Anca
} 1 day clothes 29 tshirts / blouses 58 socks 29 underwear 18 jeans
16 trousers or skirts 25 sweater or jackets 29 footwear
254,100 liters water for the growth of cotton
315,060 liters water for production and manufacturing
22,630 gr Pesticides
97,500 ppm NPES in our clothes Only 10% of us will recycle or donate our garments before leaving IAAC
5,085 kg CO2 emmisisons
[
Water needed to produce 2.40 tons of steel
2108 bathtubs
Enough to kill 9,052 rats
Cancer and several diseases
245 kg of waste in the landfill by the end of this school-year
29, 392 km by car
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
51
]
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
SIMPLIFIED CONTRACTING CHAIN OF A BRANDNAME
BRAND NAME- INDITEX, GAP, NEXT
BRAND’S MAIN SOURCING OFFICE
BRAND’S NATIONAL SOURCING OFFICE
TIER 1 LARGE TRANS-NATIONAL MANUFACTURER
TIER 2 MEDIUM MANUFACTURER
TIER 3 SMALL / HOME BASED UNIT
TIER 3 HOME WORKERS
52
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
THE TEXTILE CHAIN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND LOSS AT VARIOUS LEVELS CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
AGRICULTURE
NONWOVENS
CROP SHEARING
SPINNING
FIBER
FIBER
SPINNING TWISTING TEXTURING
DYED FIBER
YARN
YARN
WEAVING KNITTING TUFTING NONWOVENS
DYED YARN
GREY FABRIC PRETREATMENT DYEING PRINTING COATING FINISHING
FABRIC FINISHING
FINISHED GOOD GARMENT DYEING
MAKING-UP
DYED GARMENT
READY-MADE TEXTILE WHOLESALE RETAIL SALE CONSUMER USE
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
53
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Company Center Design Transportation Production Raw Material Source
Workshops Finishing Transportation Distribution
Factory Sourcing Cheap labor
Collection Avaliable to public Consumer Waste
54
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
300 million
COTTON INDUSTRY one of the largest agriculture industries
13 hrs a da y
200,000 IN USBEKISTAN 100,000 ANDHRA PRADESH
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
55
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
THE RELEASES OF NPES FROM THE WASHING OF CLOTHES AND OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS CONTRIBUTES TO ONGOING INPUTS OF NP TO RIVERS. THE SPANISH NATIONAL PRTR REPORTS SOME 1.19 TONNES OF NP/NPE DISCHARGES IN 2008, OF WHICH 1.18 TONNES WERE RELEASED FROM 12 URBAN WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS (UWWTPS). NINE OUT OF THESE 12 ARE LOCATED IN CATALONIA, WHICH CONTRIBUTED 1.09 TONNES.
1 MILLION TONNES / YEAR UK & GERMANY
56
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
IMPORTS HAVE CAPTURED MORE THAN HALF OF THE MARKET AND SERIOUSLY THREATEN OTHER LARGE SEGMENTS OF THE INDUSTRY. CATALUNYA IS ONE OF THE REGIONS THAT HAVE BEEN PUNISHED MOST BECAUSE OF THE COMPETITION FROM LOW COST COUNTRIES, SPECIALLY FROM CHINA, WHICH RESULTED IN CLOSING UP OF MANY COMPANIES AND UNEMPLOYMENT. A RESPONSE TO THESE CHALLENGES CALLS FOR A MAJOR LEAP FORWARD IN INNOVATION BY PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS AND ADVANCES IN THE QUALITY OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF PUBLIC ASSETS DEDICATED TO EXISTING AND POTENTIALLY EMERGING LOCAL INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
PUBLISHED BY: MINISTRY OF EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRY OF THE AUTONOMOUS GOVERNMENT OF CATALONIA DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRY.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
57
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
80 billion garments = 11 Garments / person a year
BUT In Germany alone (2011) 5.97 billion garments = 70 garments / person
58
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
59
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
60
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
The Third Industrial Revolution Here, Jeremy Rifkin explores how Internet technology and renewable energy are merging to create a powerful “Third Industrial Revolution.” He asks us to imagine hundreds of millions of people producing their own green energy in their homes, offices, and factories, and sharing it with each other in an “energy internet,” just like we now create and share information online. Rifkin describes how the five-pillars of the Third Industrial Revolution will create thousands of businesses and millions of jobs, and usher in a fundamental reordering of human relationships, from hierarchical to cpower, that will impact the way we conduct business, govern society, educate our children, and engage in civic life. Rifkin’s vision is already gaining traction in the international community. The European Union Parliament has issued a formal declaration calling for its implementation, and other nations in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, are quickly preparing their own initiatives for the transition into the new economic paradigm. The Third Industrial Revolution is an insider’s account of the next great economic era, including a look into the personalities and players — heads of state, global CEOs, social entrepreneurs, and NGOs — who are pioneering its implementation around the world.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
61
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
The five pillars Third Industrial Revolution infrastructure are: Shifting to Renewable Energy: Renewable forms of energy— solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, ocean waves, and biomass— make up the first of the five pillars of the Third Industrial Revolution. While these energies still account for a small percentage of the global energy mix, they are growing rapidly as governments mandate targets and benchmarks for their widespread introduction into the market in spite of an almost total absence of cost-effectiveness or broad applicability, and their falling costs (due almost entirely to government tax-funding to hide costs) make them increasingly competitive in a political environment focused on believing in GREEN. Buildings as Power Plants: New technological breakthroughs make it possible, for the first time, to design and construct buildings that create all of their own energy from locally available renewable energy sources, allowing us to reconceptualize the future of buildings as “power plants”. The commercial and economic implications are vast and far reaching for the real estate industry and, for that matter, Europe and the world. In 25 years from now, millions of buildings – homes, offices, shopping malls, industrial and technology parks – will be constructed to serve as both “power plants” and habitats. These buildings will collect and generate energy locally from the sun, wind, garbage, agricultural and forestry waste, ocean waves and tides, hydro and geothermal– enough energy to provide for their own power needs as well as surplus energy that can be shared. Deploying Hydrogen and other storage technologies in every building and throughout the infrastructure to store intermittent energies. To maximize renewable energy and to minimize cost it will be necessary to develop storage methods that facilitate the conversion of intermit-
62
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
tent supplies of these energy sources into reliable assets. Batteries, differentiated water pumping, and other media, can provide limited storage capacity. There is, however, one storage medium that is widely available and can be relatively efficient. Hydrogen is the universal medium that “stores” all forms of renewable energy to assure that a stable and reliable supply is available for power generation and, equally important, for transport. Using Internet technology to transform the power grid of every continent into an energy sharing intergrid that acts just like the Internet. The reconfiguration of the world’s power grid, along the lines of the internet, allowing businesses and homeowners to produce their own energy and share it with each other, is just now being tested by power companies in Europe. The new smart grids or intergrids will revolutionize the way electricity is produced and delivered. Millions of existing and new buildings—homes, offices, factories—will be converted or built to serve as “positive power plants” that can capture local renewable energy—solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, hydro, and ocean waves—to create electricity to power the buildings, while sharing the surplus power with others across smart intergrids, just like we now produce our own information and share it with each other across the Internet. Transitioning the transport fleet to electric, plug in and fuel cell vehicles that can buy and sell electricity on a smart continental interactive power grid. The electricity we produce in our buildings from renewable energy will also be used to power electric plug-in cars or to create hydrogen to power fuel cell vehicles. The electric plug in vehicles, in turn, will also serve as portable power plants that can sell electricity back to the main grid.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
63
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
64
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
II
CONCEPT
Architecture is not only about buildings, is about a structure in behaviour, in mind-shaping, in social spaces, designing systems in activities and innovation. That is why we decided to embrace multidisciplinary actions in this project. ACTIVISM We are architects/activists, we want people to know what is going on, we want to be part of the era of information, we want to communicate the problems of the world and to collaborate to find solutions. TEXTILES Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll explain the actual toxic situation of textiles, highlighting the toxic components that we are using and that are contaminating our bodies, our environment and our society. BUILDING In this part we want to show you the conception of the project, where we summarize the theoretical part with the physical space.
It's not a faith in technology. It's faith in people. Steve Jobs IaaC MAA_01
65
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
SOCIAL
ACTIVISM
LOCAL THEORETICAL-MANIFESTO
GLOBAL ACTIONS
ACTUAL SITUATION
TEXTILES
TISC
FIBERS CATALOGUE PARAMETERS
SITE PROGRAM
BUILDING
CONCEPTION SYSTEM
66
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
CONSCIOUSNESS CAMPAIGN IAAC
FACEBOOK TWITTER TUMBLR
BARCELONA PROPOSALS LIFESTYLE ACTIVISTS INVOLVED
LIST POSION PARTICLES GREEN ECO FIBERS BLACK TOXIC FIBERS FARM DESIGN FARM CELLS PATTERNS
HISTORY
INDUSTRY IN POBLENOU
ACTUAL SITUATION
BUILDINGS LANDUSE WATER SURROUNDINGS
CYCLES FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
TECHNICAL BIOLOGICAL SOCIAL ECONOMICAL
DISTRIBUTION AREAS FUNCTION DIAGRAMS ITS ALL ABOUT PARTICLES WATER CYCLE PATTERNS BUILDING DESIGN LIIFELINE
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
67
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
BUILDING FRAMEWORK The links show different connections of the cycles with the functions/activities and physical spaces in the building.
Experimantal Farms
Farms
Production
Processing Fibers
Fab lab
Harvesting
Composting
CYCLES Natural Urban Farming Biodegradation
Technical Fibers Textiles Water Energy
Social Multi-Disciplinary Knowledge Sharing Innovation Bulding TISC Art Movement
Economic Local Economic Stimulation Job Opportunities Textile Innovation Km 0 Material Networking Companies
68
IaaC
MAA_01
Storage
2012-2013
Workshops
Training Farm
Material Eperimentation
Education Farm
Offices
Accommodation
Collaboration Farm
Laboratories
Design Farm
Conception farm
Exhbitions Art Farm
Solar Farm
Label
Installations
Chimneys
Wind Farm Farmers Market
Clean Water Storage Designer Market
Distillation
Water lake
Filtration
Component
Community Garden
TISC ECO UNIQUE
BIODEGRADABLE- ____ % Place of Production- TISC Place of Innovation and Design- TISC People Involved (TISC): Designer Researchers Scienticsts Students Ethical Labour materials: Algae, moss, plants, recycled material (everything is grown and recycled inside TISC) Material Composition: Algae- ____ % Cotton- ____ % Agrotextiles- ____ % Recycled- ____ % Plant fibres- ____ % Techno logy Used: Nano-technology- ____ % Biotechnology- ____ % TIC- ____ % Ecological Footprint - 0 CO2 emissions - Absorbed ____ % Water - Recycled & Reused ____ % Ene r gy: Resources- Renewable Wind- ____ % Water- ____ % Algae- ____ % Consumption- ____ /piece
FUNCTIONS / ACTIVITIES 2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
69
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
70
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
71
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Cradle to Cradle Theory Cradle to Cradle design (also referred to as Cradle to Cradle, C2C, cradle 2 cradle, or regenerative design) is a biomimetic approach to the design of products and systems. It models human industry on nature’s processes viewing materials as nutrients circulating in healthy, safe metabolisms. It suggests that industry must protect and enrich ecosystems and nature’s biological metabolism while also maintaining a safe, productive technical metabolism for the high-quality use and circulation of organic and technical nutrients. Put simply, it is a holistic economic, industrial and social framework that seeks to create systems that are not only efficient but also essentially waste free. The model in its broadest sense is not limited to industrial design and manufacturing; it can be applied to many aspects of human civilization such as urban environments, buildings, economics and social systems. In the cradle to cradle model, all materials used in industrial or commercial processes—such as metals, fibers, dyes—fall into one of two categories: “technical” or “biological” nutrients. Technical nutrients are strictly limited to non-toxic, non-harmful synthetic materials that have no negative effects on the natural environment; they can be used in continuous cycles as the same product without losing their integrity or quality. In this manner these materials can be used over and over again instead of being “downcycled” into lesser products, ultimately becoming waste.
72
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Biological Nutrients are organic materials that, once used, can be disposed of in any natural environment and decompose into the soil, providing food for small life forms without affecting the natural environment. This is dependent on the ecology of the region; for example, organic material from one country or landmass may be harmful to the ecology of another country or landmass.
Structure Initially defined by McDonough and Braungart, the Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Instituteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s five certification criteria are: Material health, which involves identifying the chemical composition of the materials that make up the product. Particularly hazardous materials (e.g. heavy metals, pigments, halogen compounds etc.) have to be reported whatever the concentration, and other materials reported where they exceed 100 ppm. For wood, the forest source is required. The risk for each material is assessed against criteria and eventually ranked on a scale with green being materials of low risk, yellow being those with moderate risk but are acceptable to continue to use, and red for materials that have high risk and need to be phased out. Grey for materials with incomplete data. The method uses the term â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;riskâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in the sense of hazard (as opposed to consequence and likelihood). Material reutilization, which is about recovery and recycling at the end of product life. Assessment of energy required for production, which for the highest level of certification needs to be based on at least 50% renewable energy for all parts and subassemblies. Water, particularly usage and discharge quality. Social responsibility, which assesses fair labor practices.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
73
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
74
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
75
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
ACTIVISM
76
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
77
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
TISC
TISC
ECO UNIQUE
ECO UNIQUE
BIODEGRADABLE- ____ % Place of Production - TISC Place of Innovation and Design- TISC
TRANSPARENT COSTS: Production Raw materials Factory Operation labour Taxes Company profits
People Involved (TISC): Designer Researchers Scienticsts Students Ethical Labour MATERIALS: Algae, moss, plants, recycled material (everything is grown and recycled inside TISC) Material Composition: Algae- ____ % Cotton- ____ % Agrotextiles- ____ % Recycled- ____ % Plant fibres- ____ % TECHNOLOGY USED: Nano-technology- ____ % Biotechnology- ____ % TIC- ____ % Ecological Footprint - 0 CO2 emissions - Absorbed ____ % Water - Recycled & Reused ____ %
Sustainability Certifications: LEEDS- Platinum LEEDS- Gold MULTIFUNCTIONAL TEXTILES: Antibacterial Scented Deodorant UV resistent Energising Customised Antimicrobial Bioactive
ENERGY: Resources- Renewable Wind- ____ % Water- ____ % Algae- ____ % Consumption- ____ /piece Workforce: Machinery Manufacturing (ethical) Fabrication time SUSTAINABLE: Recycle- 100% Water Treatment Cycle Waste- ____ %
78
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
No wastage of water
No use of toxic chemicals
RENEWABLE ENERGIES
No waste
+
100% Biodegradable
Ethical labour
Innovation
Transparent Costs
Urban Agriculture
Cluster of Knowledge
Sustainable production
Buy when you need
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
79
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Clean Energy production
ENVIRONMENT
Production of own resources (materials) Ecologic production Reduce of ecological footprint Zero waste production Control of CO2 emissions Recycling CO2 absorption Stop contributing to the pollution in developing countries Consumer’s and public’s health protection
ECONOMIC
Consideration to local facts Local production - Unique Products Local investment Creation of jobs New prototype for industries Support of new technologies
KNOWLEDGE
Quality products Creation of knowledge Knowledge exchange Take textiles to a technological and knowledge phase Qualified workers Awareness of consumption
ETHICAL
No more disposable products Fair working environment Acupunctural healing system Social responsability Collective efforts in different layers
80
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
techno logy
km zer o resour
ces pr oduction
biodiversity recy cle
mu lti-disciplinar
reuse
y
techno logy
pr ob at or y
fa ct or y ethics
jobs
local knowledge & inno vation selfsufficient r&d
responsive
symbio tic man ag ement clean
intera ctive
building expression
technol
rene wable
ogy new label
modernism power plant
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
81
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
SEEDS TEXTILE INNOVATION MANIFESTO We are a Global Art movement of Architects, activists, designers, entrepreneurs and bloggers, retrofitting the Textile Industry with a sustainable approach. We want to ensure the organic status of textiles from harvesting of the raw materials through environmentally and socially responsible manufacturing all the way to labeling in order to provide credible assurance to the consumer. We believe that brands and suppliers must act immediately to stop poisoning waterways around the world with hazardous chemicals. It is our water; we have a right to know. We believe in rewarding and collaborating with honest and progressive disciplines and companies, and will encourage others to do the same for effective knowledge sharing. We promote fair trade at all levels. No to child labour and providing the best working conditions to the people is our first priority.
82
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Social media is a powerful tool to spread globally and to communicate directly with all users, We found out that many people is interested and that its a global concern. We know that we can change the way of thinking and to inform what is happening.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
83
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
84
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
85
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
86
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
The toxic particles in clothes conforms a list 11 principal elements like heavy metals as lead, mercury, chromium, chlorophenols, chlorinated solvents, dyes, just to name a few. Most of these chemicals has been firbidden by the European Union due to harmful effects for the enviroment and humans, causing cancer in some cases. The catalogue is the comparisson between different kinds of fibers, where we have the ones produced under toxic processes and unethical behaviors on the left side, while on the right side are the ones with organic alternatives and procedures more according to the proposed manifesto. After having a catalogue of information and images, we selected the one that can grow in Barcelona, having in mind natural cycles conditions such as climate, solar radiation, water and other cycles that create a series of open self connected loops.
IaaC MAA_01
87
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Harmful
Fibers
In-organic Cotton Nylon Rayon In-organic Silk
88
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Fibers
Eco-friendly y Organic Cotton Silk Bamboo Hemp Potatoes Algae
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
89
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
NON-ORGANIC COTTON TYPE SOURCE ATTRIBUTES BIODEGRADABLE CHEMICALS
Plant based Shrub Lightweight, absorbent Decomposes after prolonged exposure to tempera tures of 150Ë&#x161;C or over Orthophosphates, methamidophos, endosulfan, Trifluralin, Toxaphene and DDT
HARMFUL EFFECTS
Use heavy metals like chromium, copper and zinc for dying and for confection is use nickel, all of them contaminants and harmful in contact with the skin of people. DISADVANTAGES Chemicals used are highly toxic to farmers and the environment
90
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
ORGANIC COTTON TYPE SOURCE BENEFITS BIODEGRADABLE PESTICIDES CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OTHER ATTRIBUTES
Plant based Shrub Lightweight, absorbent, reduce the effects of skin diseases Decomposes after prolonged exposure to tempera tures of 150 ยบC or over Composted tea leaves, animal manure 11-25 ยบC Reduce the use of pesticides Respectful withearth cycles Better quality Not chemical treatment
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
91
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
NYLON TYPE SOURCE ATTRIBUTES
BIODEGRADABLE CHEMICALS HARMFUL EFFECTS
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
92
IaaC
Polyamide Thermoplastic Elongation, durability, high resistant (to chemicals, insects, fungi, mildew) , melts instead of burning, No - Hydrolisis during the molding can degrade it Diamine and a dicarboxylic acid Various nylons break down in fire and form hazardous smoke, and toxic fumes or ash, typically containing hydrogen cyanide. Incinerating nylons to recover the high energy used to create them is usually expensive, so most nylons reach the MAA_01 2012-2013 garbage dumps, decaying very slowly.
HEMP TYPE SOURCE BENEFITS BIODEGRADABLE PESTICIDES
Plant based Cannabis Strength, durability, thermical comfort Decomposes after prolonged exposure to tempera tures of 150ยบC or over Not herbicides needed
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Daytime high temperatures
WATER CONSUMPTION
Hemp requires a lot of moisture (10-13 in.) of rainfall equivalent Reflect 95% of UV rays Quickly grows up to 5 m Extremely versatile
OTHER ATTRIBUTES
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
93
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
NON-ORGANIC SILK TYPE SOURCE ATTRIBUTES
Polymer based Chinese mulberry silkworm Smooth fabric finish with high sheen
BIODEGRADABLE
100 % biodegradable
DISADVANTAGES
UNETHICAL Worms or producing moths are sometimes injured or killed during the collection of their cocoons. Expensive Delicate
94
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
SILK TYPE SOURCE ATTRIBUTES BIODEGRADABLE PESTICIDES OTHER ATTRIBUTES
DISADVANTAGES
Animal based Chinese mulberry silkworm Smooth fabric finish with high sheen 100 % biodegradable ETHICAL One of the strongest natural fibers Thermal comfort Expensive Delicate
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
95
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
RAYON TYPE SOURCE ATTRIBUTES CHEMICALS
Plant based Manufactured cellulose fiber obtained from bamboo (Semi-synthetic) Soft, smooth, cool, comfortable, and highly absorbent Carbon disulfide
HARMFUL EFFECTS
Chemicals used are highly toxic for the environment and also for the workers Irritate the eyes, skin and the smell could generate neurological disorders
DISADVANTAGES
The process for textile is expensive, prolonged and release a high amount of toxics to the environment
96
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
BAMBOO TYPE SOURCE BENEFITS BIODEGRADABLE
Plant based Grass pulp Lightweight, pliable fibre, antimicrobial Putting original bamboo product into the soil, it will be 100% biodegraded after 8-10 months CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Warm temperatures depending upon the species. WATER CONSUMPTION Requieres humidity OTHER ATTRIBUTES One of the fastest-growing plants on Earth High durability, stability and tenacity Not chemical process involved Thermal Regulator Respecful with Earth cycles 1 ha produces 10 times more fiber than a cotton one and with less water
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
97
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
98
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
POTATO TYPE SOURCE ATTRIBUTES BIODEGRADABLE PESTICIDES CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Plant based Grass pulp Lightweight, pliable fibre Decomposes after prolonged exposure to tempera tures of 150ยบC or over Composted tea leaves, animal manure Warm temperatures depending upon the species.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
99
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
TOXIC CHEMICALS 1) Alkylphenols Include nonylphenol (NPs) and ethoxylated octylphenol and particularly nonylphenol ethoxylates. Use: Washing and dyeing processes. Effects: Toxic to aquatic life Persistent environment bio accumulating in body tissues. May lead to a sexual hormonal disruptions in some organisms. 2) Phthalates Use: in the artificial leather in the rubber and PVC. Also in some dyes. Effects: Classified as â&#x20AC;&#x153;toxic to reproductionâ&#x20AC;? in Europe and therefore its use is res`tricted. According to the European REACH, these subs tances will be prohibited by 2015. 3) Brominated flame retardants and chlorinated Use: used in textiles to reduce the flammability of the product. Effects: Persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals now present in the environment. Some PBDEs are capable of interfering with the hormone sys tems involved in growth and sexual development. 4) Azo dyes Use: They are one of the main types of dyes used by the textile industry. Effects: As part of the degraded with the use they release chemicals known as aromatic amines, some of them can cause cancer when in contact with skin. The EU has forbidden its use.
100
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
5) Organometallic compounds Use: Has been used in products such as socks, shoes and sportswear to prevent odor caused by sweat. Effects: Persists in the environment, which accumulates in the body and can affect the immune and reproductive systems. 6) Perfluorinated Use: In the textile industry used to make leather and antistain products. Effects: They persist in the environment It can accumulate in body tissue through the food chain. Once in the body, there is evidence that affect the liver. They act as hormone disrupters alternating levels of growth and reproduction hormones. 7) Chlorobenzenes Use: In dyes and as chemical intermediates. Effects: Affections to the liver, thyroid and central nervous system. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), the most toxic chemical substance and persistent in this group. It also acts as a hormone disruptor. 8) Chlorinated Solvents Is a substance that depletes the ozone layer and may persist in the environment. Use: Are used in textile fabrication to dissolve other substances during the manufacture and laundering of fabrics. Effects: Affect the central nervous system, liver and kidneys. Since 2008, the EU has severely restricted the use of ECT in both products and textile washing.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
101
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
9) Chlorophenols Use: Group of chemicals which are used as biocides in a wide range of applications, from pesticides to textiles and wood preservatives. Effects: Highly toxic to humans and can affect many organs. It is also highly toxic to aquatic organisms. The EU banned the production of products containing PCP in 1991 and now restric ting the sale and use of all products containing this substance.
10) Short-chain chlorinated paraffins Use: Are used as flame retardants for textile and leather finishing. Effects: They are highly toxic to aquatic organisms, do not readily degra de in the environment and have a high potential to accumulate in living organisms.
11) Heavy metals: cadmium, lead, mercury and chromium (VI) Use: They have been used in certain dyes and pigments. Chromium (VI) is used in certain processes in the textile and leather tanning. Effects: These metals can accumulate in the body over time and are highly toxic, irreversible effects, including damage to the ner vous system (lead and mercury) or kidney (cadmium). Cadmium is also associated with cancer diseases.
102
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
103
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Required daily minimum temperature germination 16c Temperature for proper vegetative growth 21c-27c It tolerate temperatures as high as 43 c but not below 21c
Temperature needed for germination 25c Vegetative growth 17 - 20 Tubertization and tuber development. Potatoes required high light intensity. Tuberization and tuber development.
During the period of vegetative growth, hemp responds to daytime high temperatures with increased growth and increased water needs. After develop some leaves it can resist daily low temperatures as -1 c for 5 days. Tuberization and tuber development.
The physiological processes of a lot of grape vines begin with temperatures of 10 c. When the average daily temperature is between 17 and 20c the vine will begin flowering. When temperatures move into the 27 c the processes are in full stride as grape clusters begin to ripen on the vine. Tuberization and tuber development.
104
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
TEMPERATURE
Warm temperatures depending on the species.
It needs at least 1 inch of water every 10 days. To ensure that the plants have enough water, the soil needs to be soaked every 10 days, from spring to late fall. Omit watering for 10 days after heavy or prolonged rains.
Putting into soil decomposition: putting original bamboo fiber or original bamboo products into soil, it will be 100% biodegraded after 8-10months
It has been estimated that rainfall of 15 to 20 cm or an equivalent amount of irrigation is sufficient for normal crop. The optimum soil moisture for the potato crop is 65 to 80 percent the field capacity.
100% Biodegradable
It requires a lot of moisture. The crop needs 300-400 mm of rainfall equivalent. It is important to make use of early soil moisture and to obtain early ground cover to reduce surface evaporation in case of no rain. About half of this moisture is required during flowering and seed set in order to produce maximum grain yields.
100% Biodegradable
A grapevine needs around 700 mm of water for substance during the growing season.
100% Biodegradable
2012-2013
MAA_01
BIODEGRADABLE
Decomposes after prolonged exposure to temperatures of 150c or over
MOISTURE
Cotton requires an annual rainfall of at least 50 cm distributes throughout the growing season.
IaaC
105
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
BUILDING
106
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
107
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
Location: Barcelona, Spain District: Poble Nou @22
108
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
The site is located in Barcelona Spain, in the Poblenou District, The main street is Pere IV, we are part of the @22 district, we are near Parc Central from Jean Nouvel. It is inmersed in empty lots, abandoned buildings, irregular housing. Also in the site there is la escocesa a reminder of the activities that took place before.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
109
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
INDUSTRY IN POBLENOU INDUSTRIALIZATION 1846
1750 NATURAL LANDSCAPE
1904
1860 AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE
INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE
textile chimneys in relationship with our site 14 textile chimneys 14 industrial chimneys
“The chimney has become an iconic landmark of the industrial landscape”
110
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
INDUSTRIALIZATION FALL 1965
1979
1992
1986
INDUSTRIALIZATION RESTORE 2000
2013
RESIDENTIAL AND SERVICES LANDSCAPE
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE
El pueblo martinense/Barcelona 1875
Chimneys in poblenou
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
111
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
EXISTING BUILDINGS IN THE SITE
Abandoned Area = 9, 269.21
Office Area = 5, 186.15 m2
Recreation Area = 2, 628.15 m2
Housing
Area = 6, 156.45 m2
Others Area = 2, 270.98 m2
Storage Area = 23, 019.05 m2
Under construction Area = 11, 853.40 m2
112
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
TOTAL AREA = 79, 868.01 m2 REUSED BUILDINGS (area) = 15, 986.75 m2 ELIMINATED BUILDINGS (area) = 32, 543.24m2 EMPTY AREA = 63, 881.26m2
TOTAL AREA = 79, 868.01 m2 OCCUPIED AREA = 48, 529.99 m2 EMPTY AREA = 31, 338.02 m2
PERE IV
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
113
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
BUILDING LIFELINES ACTIVISTS DESIGNERS SCIENTISTS COMPANIES LABOUR (SKILLED & UNSKILLED) GENERAL PUBLIC AGRICULTURISTS PHYSICIANS BIOLOGISTS
MULTI DISCIPLANRY
INT ER AC TIV E
G IN SS CE
FIB ER
PR O
ADD WATER
SOWING (seeds)
TREATMENT LANDFILL
CONSUME
GERMINATION FOOD CHAIN
RETURN
PRODUCTION GROWING
AN FARMING URB
DEGRADATION BIO
FUNGE & BACTERIA
GREY WATER COMPOSTE
INTERACT CONSUMPTION REPRODUCTION
MINIRALIZATION (NH4 / NO2) DIE
USE
ORGANIC MATTER
WA
TE
GY ER
PLANTS (O2)
R
EN
SURFACE RUNOFF
DISTRIBUTE
FILTER MINIRALIZATION
GENERATE
HARVEST (storage)
EVAPORATION & CONDENSATION
N TIO VA NO IN UC OD PR
TS
TS TEN PAT
LA BE L
2012-2013
LS IA ER AT M
MA NIF EST O
MAA_01
ES
SU ST AN IA BL E
AC TIV ISM
IaaC
ECONOMY
EN TE RP RI S
114
WATER (SEA & RAIN)
S& M
G IN LIV
NATURAL RESOURCES (WIND & SOLAR)
CH & DEVELOPMENT RESEAR
SEPARATE FIBERS
EXHIBITION
MA
TION ORA LAB COL
ART MO VEM EN T
FINISHING
TE XT ILE
RM FO
BUILDING LANG UAGE
T AT PL
DESIGN
MILL
ING SHAR GE LED OW KN
INN OVA TIO N
FABRIC
RESOURCES ACCUMULATE
E UR CT FA NU
ETHIC
G IN AR SH
CO M M UN IT
CE UR SO
Y
OP EN
The main idea is to make this building the future of Textile Industries. This is a prototype created for Barcelona, Spain. Using the same concepts other prototypes can be created to replicate the model all around the world and retrofit the Textile Industry. Studies were made on cell organization in plants. Urban farming being the essential part of the program the building design reflects the same. The main idea is to do urban farming with natural patterns. With the cell organization we have the distribution of seeds and the points of our mesh envelope- The Urban Fabric. The form and layers of the mesh are defined by The cycles (natural, technical, social and the building design cycle). The solar analysis defines areas for the location of different crops. The end product is the new model that will bring revolution in this Industry.
IaaC MAA_01
115
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
CRADLE TO CRADLE PHILOSOPHY
Dr. William McDonough & Michael Braungart. It models human industry on natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s processes viewing materials as nutrients circulating in healthy, safe metabolisms.
INDUSTRIAL AREA
NATURAL LANDSCAPE
ABANDONED
ECOLOGICAL TEXTILE INDUSTRY
116
IaaC
MAA_01
+
LANDSCAPE
2012-2013
BUILDING DESIGN LIFELINE
O GR
DE GR AD AB LE
SEEDSS SOWING SEE
G
IN
W UM
BIO
DI ME
NATURAL TURAL FABRIC
WATER TER
NATURAL TURAL
TECHNICAL
GR O W
G IN SS CE
IN
G
O PR
HARVEST HA
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
117
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
CELL ORGANISATION
118
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
We started to study the cell organization in plants. Urban farming being the essential part of the program we want our building design to reflect it. The main idea is to do urban farming with natural patterns. Here are some patterns that we studied in some of the plants.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
119
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
MESH GENERATION Abstraction of a cloud of points from the microscopic cotton cell, that they are translated into a cloud of seeds.
The seeds result in a mesh where the cycles take place. Natural Cycle, Technical Cycle, Social Cycle, Design Cycle
120
IIaaC C
MAA_01 MAA 01
2012-2013 2012 2013
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
121
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
122
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
H2O -GPS WATER FLOW PATTERNS -WATER QUALITY: TOXIC LEVELS PH VALUE NUTRIENTS
ALGAE -PRODUCTION QUANTITY QUALITY TYPES
CARBON DIOXIDE
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING -SOURCE ULTRAVIOLET LEDS WATTS REQUIRED
-SOURCES QUANTITY QUALITY
IN THE COMPONENT water purity levels biomas crude detector
IN THE BUILDING lighting patterns
CLEAN WATER
CRUDE BIOMASS
FIBERS HARVESTING REGULAR CONSUMPTION GARDENING CLEANING
POWER PLANT ALGAE FIBERS
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
123
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
â&#x20AC;&#x153;The seeds are nurtured with a compound of contemporariness, utopia, life, invention, risk, digits and intelligenceâ&#x20AC;? Enric Ruiz-Geli
124
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
SEED DISTRIBUTION
Seeds as an input for distribution
Distribution based on the cell organization in plants
Seed distribution
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
125
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
SOLAR ANALYSIS
Analysis executed in Galapagos solver according with the solar exposure and area required in order to develop the program.
MESH EVOLUTION 126
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
SHADOW ANALYSIS
WINTER SHADOW ANALYSIS
SUMMER SHADOW ANALYSIS
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
127
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
WATER
128
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
In order to make a shift in the industry, the development model has to change and so is the managment of natural resources. Right now the textile industry is one of the most water pollutants in the planet. With the project, the idea is to change the industrial process, beggenig with the raw material. This new organic materials has to be grown according to their specific natural processes and cycles, so the building has to respond directly to these requirements. The building will use water, a lot of water! But it will use it in a clever and effective way, where it recolects water from different natural resources, like rain water, where in regular building is waster; also from the sea, the planet contains a high porcentage of salt water that is not fully which we dont take advantage due to the high price of desalinization. So by using the salt water in some crops and by inserting it into the microclimates of the buiding we will be able to get water in different states and qualities, rain, grey, lake, sea, salt. WATER!
IaaC MAA_01
129
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
The factory needs 40,000-60,000 ltrs of water for producing 20,000 pounds of textiles per day. There are different processes involved in producing the final piece of cloth. Each step needs water, for example processing plants into fibers, threading, bleaching, dyeing, sizing etc.
TEXTILE FACTORY
6 hectares of Agricultural land would need 150,000-240,000 ltrs of water per day. This amount is calculated taking in consideration the water requirements for Cotton, Hemp and Bamboo.
AGRICULTURE
OUR BUILDING NEEDS WATER!
130
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Total Water Requirement 190,000-300,000 ltrs of water per day
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
131
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
In order to achieve this quantity of water the building needs to act as a water plant. The agenda is to be self sufficient. The building needs to recycle and reuse the water. CRADLE TO CRADLE is the main principle. So whatever waste the building produces it recycle and reuses that waste water. The water also that the building uses is either sea water, rain water or grey water from the surroundings.
cradletocradle 132
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
mediterrenean sea
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
133
134
RAINWATER CATCHMENT
SEA WATER
PUMPING STATION
FILTRATION
IaaC
MAA_01
CO2
Biodiversity
ADDING NUTRIENTS
2012-2013
NANO-FILTRATION
GREY WATER
CONSUMPTION
SURROUNDING GREY WATER
DISTILLATION
THE PROCESS
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
135
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
SEA WATER DISTILLATION & CONDENSATION. AVAILABLE ALL YEAR. 1.5 KM AWAY FROM THE BUILDING.
30%
GREY WATER NANO-FILTRATION.
AVAILABLE- 318,174 lt / day
60%
136
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Short description of the image.
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
137
1,400 lt /day
60p
6,048 lt /day
100p
10,080 lt /day
450p
45,360 lt /day
410p
41,328 lt /day
560p
56,448 lt /day
60p
6,048 lt /day
1635p
320p
32,356 lt /day
17,808 lt /day
280p
28,224 lt /day
26,208 lt /day
260p
87,696 lt /day 870p
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
DISTILLATION SOLAR DISTILLER The principle of the solar distiller is to use the sunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heat energy magnified by a glass or reflector into the component with a focus point. The water is evaporated and condenses to give fresh water.
138
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
Component Fan
Water Collector
Reflector
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
139
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
“Its All About Particles.” Enric Ruiz-Geli
140
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
SEEDS 2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
141
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
WATER 142
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
PLANT GROWTH 2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
143
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
THE AXIS
144
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
THE LANDSCAPE
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
145
TISC - Textile Innovation Startup Center
URBAN FABRIC
146
IaaC
MAA_01
2012-2013
SITEPLAN
2012-2013
MAA_01
IaaC
147