DISTRIBUTED URBANISM EMERGENT LANDSCAPES 2 01 4 U W M LA C A PSTO N E STU D IO
INTRODUCTION
JEFF HOU
PROJECTS 10
Constructing a Sonic Terrain at Green Lake, Seattle NANCY CHAN
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Residual Space: Ballard’s Connective Tissue J ONATHAN S . PAG ÁN
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Maximize Y(our) Hood: Community Hub as Catalyst for Creating Social Capital H S I E N - A I WA N G
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Interbay Systems at Interbay, Seattle
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Life in Between: Revision of Urban Ambiguous Space
S HU -K U EI HS U
K EI-S ING YIU
90
Making the Invisible Visible: Urban Inter vention and Gentrification in Seattle’s Little Saigon K E V I N B O G L E
104
Beyond the Edge: Reimagining Shoreline Street Ends for Public Access and Ecological Enhancement DIANE WALSH
120
Catalytic Connectivity: Duwamish River, Seattle
CRED ITS
YUTI NG LI N
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I NT RODUCT ION
IN T ROD U C T ION JEFF H O U
Thesis has long been an established component of graduate landscape architecture education and is required at many schools around the world. The completion of a thesis is considered as demonstrating a student’s academic achievement and competency at the graduate level. As a process, students typically select individual topics and spend a semester or up to a year from developing the proposal to executing the project and presenting the outcomes. In some schools of landscape architecture, students can choose between a ‘traditional’ research and a design project. In either case, they typical work alone with the help of either a faculty supervisor or a thesis committee consisting of multiple faculty members. At the University of Washington, the requirements for a master’s thesis have evolved over the years. In the early years, a thesis was typically conducted following the scientific research model at the time when Master of Landscape Architecture (MLA) was considered as the terminal degree in the field. About a decade ago, to address the need of professional education, we began to include design, professional project, and case study research as formats for thesis and formally recognize a wider range of approaches as meeting the thesis requirement. However, these additional options did not change the facts that thesis was still carried out as individual pursuits. To encourage group collaboration and encourage students to take on more complex projects and collective endeavors, the department added another option – (self-organized) group project in 2011, as an alternative to individual thesis. Both group project and thesis are now under the umbrella of capstone requirement for the MLA
students. To further encourage collective work, a studio option was offered for the first time this year (2013-14) that provided students with an opportunity to work with an instructor in a two-quarters long studio under a common theme or project. This document is the outcome of the inaugural capstone studio. As the inaugural studio, the theme this year was formulated to balance between the individual topics (that students have already developed before the studio option was formalized) with an overarching framework that enables a focused exploration. Based on topics that students have identified, distributed urbanism and emergent landscapes emerged as a common thread that reflects a recent shift in the discourse of landscape architecture and urbanism toward a focus on networked processes and dynamic, open-ended changes in the built and natural environments. Both distributed urbanism and emergent landscapes are part of an expanding vocabulary in urbanism and design that recognizes the complexity of environmental processes and agencies of individual and institutional actors. Specifically, Wilkins (2013: 2) describes distributed urbanism as the “decentralized agency of design, control, and participation in the contemporary production of urbanity.” Emergence, on the other hand, has been described as “the way in which complex systems and patterns arise out of a multiplicity of relatively simple interactions” (Barnett 2013). The concept of emergence in particular encapsulates a repertoire of ideas and phenomena including open systems design and self-organization, and highlights the changing nature of urban landscapes.
In the studio, the focus on distributed urbanism and emergent landscapes is intended to inform the students’ individual projects and deepen their theoretical and conceptual underpinning. It is also intended to serve as a framework for collective investigation. Starting with an exploration of the key concepts and discussion of their implications and applicability, the studio then moved on to the operation of individual sites (mostly networks of sites) focusing on concept development, methodology, media, iterations, craft, etc. Specifically, we explored spatial and temporal mapping as a way to unpack, analyze, and illustrate the complexity of the projects. The range of student work reflects how the students each interpret and apply the concept(s) to specific settings, issues, and objectives. Kevin Bogle examines how design interventions in Seattle’s Little Saigon could help develop networks of relationships including commercial and social activities in the district to address the need for community economic development. Nancy Chan examines how understanding of soundscapes (from dispersed noises to focused sources) informs a new method for shaping the landscape and the human experience. Shu-Kuei ( Tako) Hsu uses a systems approach to plan for the redevelopment of Seattle’s industrial Interbay area, looking how the sites’ hydrology, habitats, housing, commercial and industrial activities, and circulation can organized into a networked system.
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I NT RODUCT ION
Focusing on the lower Duwamish River, Yu-Ting Lin examines ways that individual site interventions can be organized spatially and temporally to reconnect the isolated neighborhoods to the river and to each other. Similarly, Jonathan Pagan explores the collective benefits of networked interventions in the Ballard neighborhood for food production, place identity, and natural drainage. Also working in Ballard, Hsien Ai (Ivy) Wang explores the development of Community Hubs to engender social networks and interactions in the neighborhood faced with development and a growing population. Diane Walsh develops a series of design strategies for a variety of shoreline street-end sites in Seattle that heighten their visibility, identity, and experience. Finally, KeiSing Yiu explores urban gaps – in-between and residual spaces – along Denny Way at the edge of Seattle downtown as potential sites for new programs and activities that bridge different fragments in the city. We wish to thank the following reviewers for their participation and contribution to our effort in exploring new directions in landscape architecture discourses and design: Leann Andrews, Pam Alspaugh, Manish Chalana, Nate Cormier, Brian Gerich, Yolande Harris, Eric Higbee, Louisa Iarocci, Julie Johnson, Davidya Kasperzyk, Jennifer Eyun Kim, Devin Kleiner, Teng-Yen Lin, Lynne Manzo, Jordan Monez, Cary Moon, Nic Morin, Julie Parrett, Gundula Proksch, Iain Robertson, Dave Rodgers, Nancy Rottle, Dan Shaw, Andy Sheffer, Ben Spencer, Barbara Swift, Thomas Whittemore, Jennifer Wieland, Daniel Winterbottom, and Ken Yocom.
Ballard Green Lake Interbay Denny Way Little Saigon Georgetown/ South Park Shoreline Street Ends
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2014 mL a
c apstOne prOJects
C ON S T RUC T I NG A SONIC TE RRA IN AT G RE E N L A K E , SE ATTLE NANC Y CH A N
The soundscape, a term coined by acoustic ecologist Murray Schafer, refers to the sum of all sounds—political, social, technological, natural and among others—within a defined area. As spatial designers, site analysis predominantly consists of parsing out the various systems at play, i.e. social, ecological, economic, thereupon breaking them down as separate entities in order to understand the complexities of a place. Conversely, the soundscape offers a different, experiential reading of the landscape. The soundscape embodies, reflects, and can be interpreted as the composite of all the systems engaged with a site, thereby giving us a nuanced understanding of them not as separate entities but how they interact with each other. This project argues that sound and the act of listening has been vastly overlooked and under-utilized as a critical component in not only how we design space but furthermore how we understand the world around us. The relationship between sound and living organisms has evolved concurrently alongside human and nonhuman species, from what began as an early warning system, has now grown to take on multiple meaning and functions: how we understand spatial information, coordinate behaviors, stimulate emotions, build social relationships, retain memory of experiences, and much more. Therefore, sound is a design tool that goes beyond anecdotal, aesthetic use. It surpasses trying to create desired sounds to be heard, but rather the question is how can sound be used to support a site’s overall design intentions, program, and goals? It’s not about writing a scripted score but designing an instrument to be played.
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Sound is everywhere there is life. Anywhere there is matter and energy there are vibrations, which are the basis of sound. Sound and the detection of vibrations, otherwise known as hearing in humans, begins with understanding the relationship between sound and a given space by focusing on the physical properties of how sound waves propagate in a given space. But sound in the environment is much more complicated when we begin to consider the psychological and biological implications in how that sound is interpreted by humans and non-humans. While sound is studied in a vast array of disciplines, with each looking at a different aspect of sound, physics and psychology are two of the most pertinent fields to look at as a starting point for creating a framework when designing with sound in the urban environment. Physics focuses on explaining the physical parameters of how sound waves would behave within specific spatial geometry, where psychology becomes important when trying to understand how a stimulus, such as sound, is interpreted by the human brain which directly influences human behavior. After researching sonic theories from composers, sound artists, anthropologists, neurobiologists, and musicians, this project takes on a cross-disciplinary approach for designing for sound that begins with concept of auditory spatial awareness, aural architecture, and soundscape. Terms coined by Barry Blesser, Linda-Ruth Salter, and Murray Schafer, these concepts can be understood as operating at multiple scales. The soundscape as mentioned before describes the sum of sounds in a defined area, which can be applied at a larger systems level such as a neighborhood or a city. At a medium scale, for instance the size of city block, aural architecture refers to how a design of space can influence social behavior. Finally, at the smallest
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scale, auditory spatial awareness refers to an individual’s perceptual and cognitive ability to understand sonic processes and their interaction within a space. Because sound and the act of listening is the means by which we understand spatial geometry, propagate cultural symbols, stimulate emotions, communicate information, experience movement of time, build social relationships and retain memory of experiences, designing with sound has the opportunity to increase the imageability of the landscape, foster social relationships, and create healthier, more enriching sonic environments for human and non-human species. This capstone project builds from a foundation of sonic theory, leading into an investigation of site analysis methodologies, and culminates with potential design applications within the context of Green Lake in Seattle, Washington. With over 3.5 million users annually, Green Lake is a highly used park with a significant urban wildlife population consisting of over 160 bird species. At roughly 323.7 acres of which 75 percent is water, the public park is situated in a moderate density neighborhood with adjacent single-family and commercial land use. While Green Lake was once a natural lake with streams feeding and draining it, the hydrology has changed dramatically with no natural inlet or outflow and the park is now bounded by arterial streets and SR 99, a heavily used highway. This project proposes to construct a sonic terrain at Green Lake, where both soundscape planning and aural architecture can: improve its imageability and identity through the creation of auditory zones; mitigate air, visual, and noise pollution; and employ positive soundscape design strategies that improve sonic and ecological performance for both urban wildlife and human communities.
FRAMEWORK
AWARENESS 1. Learning to listen. Develop listening skills to build auditory awareness in both myself and the greater public •
Conduct soundwalks throughout Green Lake to observe and enhance auditory awareness.
•
Conduct soundwalks in other public spaces in Seattle for comparison studies.
•
The resulting recordings will compile into a publicly accessible website.
METHODOLOGIES
APPLICATION
2. Site analysis of soundscape
3. Master Plan and Design
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Develop a framework toward analyzing sound in the urban environment.
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Select sites for intervention at Green Lake and identify potential opportunities to encourage enriching interactive experiences
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Develop a notation system of sound qualities that address temporal, spatial, acoustic and perceptual qualities.
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Develop design interventions that go beyond defensive strategies and work towards a more positive soundscape management approach.
Constructing a
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Sonic Terrain
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Individual
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AT G R E E N L A K E , S E AT T L E
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Investigating sound as a modality for increasing imageability of the landscape, fostering social relationships, and creating healthier, more enriching sonic environments for human and ecological communities.
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PHYSICS
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Relationship between sound and space Acoustic parameters such as wavelength, amplitude and frequency describe the structure of a sound wave and how they operate in the physical environment.
Wavelength The distance between two adjacent point on a sound wave. The wavelength is critical when the sound wave encounters a physical obstruction.
la
WAVELENGTH
AMPLITUDE Normal air pressure / silence
COMPRESSION
1 second / 20 cycles
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1 second / 40 cycles
QUIET
TIME
40 Hz
RAREFACTION CYCLE start point
Decreasing pressure / decreasing amplitude
20 Hz CYCLE end point
Environment
se nd u
Frequency The speed at which thes ource vibrates is known as the frequency of the soundwave and is expressed in hertz (Hz) or cycles per second. The higher the frequency the higher the perceived pitch is.
Amplitude The “amount� of compression or rarefaction of the air is the amplitude, which determines the volume or loudness of a sound. LOUD
Increasing pressure / increasing amplitude
logy
1 second / 80 cycles
SILENCE
80 Hz
PSYCH OLOGY
PH YS ICS
P SYCHOLOGY
Behaviors in response to the stimulus
the parameters of sound
Relationship between sound and an individual We are interpreting changes in our environment through our senses, these inputs are transformed in the brain, which then gives us a way to respond to the world around us.
TH E E X TE R NAL WO R L D
S ENS ES
BRAIN
Information
Perception
Cognition
The initial energy of any stimulus, such as sight, smell or sound, causes some change in the receiver, which is then transduced into a different form and passed along as sensation.
Perception is the integration of sensations into a coherent model of the changes in energy that surround us.
I N T E RN A L MO DE L
Transformed Mental Image
When you add up all these individual percepts, what you get is the an internal model of the external world, built from our senses.
KE Y CONCEPTS
Potential Application of Sonic Theories in Landscape Architecture
P HYSICS
P SYCHOLOGY
P HYS IOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
A RCHITECTUR E
UR BA N STUD IES
COMMUNICATION
CULTUR A L STUDI ES
MUSI C
AESTHETI C S
Key concepts on how sound affects us in the built environment
Auditory Spatial Awareness
Auditory Spatial Awareness
Aural Architecture
Aural Architecture
Soundscape
an individual’s ability to understand sonic processes and their interaction within a space and also the phenomenology of how sound can stimulate anxiety, tranquility, socialization, isolation, frusteration, fear, boredom, aesthetic pleasure etc. B. Blesser and L.R. Salter
social system, interwoven relationship between spatial awareness, social behavior and design of a physical spaces. Aural architecture can influence our moods, association, and can also have social meaning. B. Blesser and L.R. Salter
Soundscape the sum of all sounds within any defined area, is an intimate reflection of the social, political, technological, and natural conditions of the area. Change in these conditions is echoed in the sonic environment. R. Murray Schafer
E X IS TING COND I TI ONS
NEIGHBORHOOD DEMOGRAPHICS
1 Bathhouse Most rich and complex landscape, varied topography, passive recreation, major entry point, wildlife habitat
14,212
2 Wading Pool Wading pool area with open lawn and informal tree groupings, open to the street
Total population
33
Median age
1,959 Under 18
1,289
65 and over
84% White
3 Community Center Primary entry point, flat open area, gathering space high human activity
7.7% Asian
6,797
Total households
7,707
Pop. family households
5 Aurora Strip narrow and linear, significant noise and air pollution, stressed vegetation, pass through zone
4 Duck Island official State Water Fowl Refuge, off limits to people, used by various birds of prey, heavily vegetated
6,197
Nonfamily households Census 2010
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7 Aqua Center large and diverse, but fragmented landscape, busy park hub, boat related recreation, half-demolished Aqua Theater, adjacent to golf course, wildlife habitat
6 Southeast Shoreline Very narrow, less human activity than other areas
TUNED IN
IN FLUX
TUNED OUT
Socializing 1
Bathhouse
Field Sports Crew/Boating
2
Wading Pool
3
Community Center 4
Duck Island
Dog walking Tennis Airplane Playground Birds Waterfowl
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Wheeled vehicles Jogging/walking
Aurora Strip Automobile Bus 6
Swimming Basketball
Southeast Shoreline
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Aqua Center
Existing Conditions To understand how sound in an environment has implications relating from physics to psychology, the soundscape analysis of Green Lake Park consists of studying the passive acoustics of a space, the active sound events occuring over time, the cultural biases of listeners, and the listening state of individuals when occupying a site. The soundscape is composed of the intricate relationships formed between the spatial conditions, or passive acoustics of a space, to how individual sound events create sonic effects in the perceiver. Green Lake Park is broken down into seven distinct areas, each with its own unique spatial characteristics: materiality, vegetation, topography, etc. This diagram connects three components relating to the existing conditions of each of the seven areas: spatial characteristics, the most commonly heard sound events, and the potential listening states of individuals engaged with particular activities.
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HE
SOUNDSCAPE PLANNING AL TH
S PAT I A L
IMAGEABILITY legibility / navigation / identity
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SOUND
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CO M M U
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CA T
Acoustic Zones Sound operates on multiple levels of one’s experience of a place: aesthetics, health, social, identity, communication, and understanding spatial geometry. Depending on the circumstance, certain aspects become more relevant than others. The diagram illustrates proposed design interventions in three different areas of Green Lake. The strategies employed in each of the proposed acoustic zones correspond to support the intended uses and goals of each area. For instance, strategies such as William Whyte’s concept of “triangulation” could be used when designing with sound in the “Community Center” area. The color chart reflects how sound can be employed to support different dimensions of experience at various degrees.
ES
T HE
SOCIAL
Soundscape Planning Designing with sound involves thinking about how sound operates from a larger planning scale, to the individual sonic experience. Soundscape planning for large parks or neighborhoods considers what type of management approach to take and the opportunities for sound to support the planning goals for a site. At Green Lake, there are opportunites to increase the imageability of the park by creating acoustic zones to strengthen the identity of each of the seven areas, which functions as a wayfinding and navigational strategy for users of the park.
Aurora Strip Opportunities: -enhance wildlife habitat -buffer negative impacts of visual, air, and acoustic pollution -experience movement
Aqua Center Opportunities: -unify varied park uses and create temporary auditory refuge
Community Center Opportunities: -enhance civic identity -encourage social interaction
Resonating zone
Restorative zone
Generating zone
Strategies Filtration Collect + Reverberate Expand + Reflect
Strategies Masking by creating “aelioan sound pockets”
Strategies “Triangulation” interactive sonic instrumentation for communal music-making
“Syncopation”
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M AST ER P L AN
URBAN (EXISTING)
GENERATING
RESONATING
AUDITORY SPACE legibility / navigation / identity
RESIDENTIAL (EXISTING)
RESTORATIVE
0
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Miles 0.4
Analysis Beyond the planning level, the project delves into schematic design by taking a closer look at the “Aurora Strip” portion of Green Lake. The following pages illustrate the different analysis methodologies and notational systems that were explored. Analysis included the acoustic aspects of sound (i.e. amplitude and frequency) at different times of the day, as well as the experiential, rhythmic qualitites of sound, which looked at how different sound events interact with each other over the length of an hour.
FREQUENCI ES
MORNING VS. EVENING Temporal comparison of frequencies
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 6 p.m. AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC Hz 19853 17054 14211 11369 8570 5727 2885 43
Time (seconds) Sunday, February 2, 2014 7 a.m. Hz 19853
RUNNER 17054 14211 11369 8570 5727
AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC
WATERFOWL
2885 43
Time (seconds)
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RHY THM A N ALYSI S
AURORA STRIP Tuesday, February 11, 2014 4:00–5:00 pm 1
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P EOP LE B IRDS AUTOMOB ILE S AIRP LAN E
P EOP LE B IRDS AUTOMOB ILE S AIRP LAN E
The relationships between nature, people and space take the form of rhythms.
P EOP LE B IRDS AUTOMOB ILE S AIRP LAN E
COMMUNITY CENTER Monday, February 17, 2014 5:30–6:30 pm 1
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P EOP LE B IRDS P LAYG ROUND BASKE TBALL B US AIRP LAN E AUTOMOB ILE
P EOP LE B IRDS P LAYG ROUND BASKE TBALL B US AIRP LAN E AUTOMOB ILE S
P EOP LE B IRDS P LAYG ROUND BASKE TBALL B US AIRP LAN E AUTOMOB ILE S
Acoustic Horizon Similar to a visual horizon, the acoustic horizon refers to the limit of distance a listener can hear from a given point. The distance is influenced by how many sound events are happening in a given time and space and the intensity of each of those sound events. The sound events can be categorized as either a keynote, signal or soundmark. Keynote refers to the ubiquitous background sounds that often defines the sonic character of an environment. A signal refers to foreground sounds that are listened to consciously, and a soundmark, analogous to landmark, refers to a unique sound to an area. The “Aurora Strip” is dominated by the keynote sounds of automobile traffic from Hwy 99. The acoustic horizon changed depending on the time of day, and the intensity of the automobile keynote sounds influenced what sounds a listener could hear and determined the limit of distance.
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Signal sounds Keynote sounds
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Design Process As mentioned before, the project focus is on creating an instrument to be played, not scripting the score. Therefore, the design process involved exploring how to shape the acoustic horizon and the aural arena that would impact a user’s experience of the “Aurora Strip,” a space used for wildlife habitat and as a pass-through corridor for park goers.
Proposed
Existing
ACOUSTIC HORIZON
+
100 feet
SI TE PL AN
HWY 9 9
Rhythmic Accents CR USHED GR ANI TE PATH
F I SHI NG P I ER
E ARTH M OUNDS
CONIF ER GR OVE
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“Syncopation” The design concept of “syncopation” refers to the change in the placement of rhythmic accents. Currently the keynote sounds of traffic dominate and shape the acoustic horizon of the “Aurora Strip.” The design proposes to shift the emphasis from the automobile to the urban wildlife. Furthermore this shift is emphasized by creating a series of expansion and compression of the acoustic horizon that is shaped more by the sounds of human and urban wildlife movement rather than the sounds of traffic.
Coupled Strategies In response to the question of how sound can be designed to support a site’s goals, the design proposed for the “Aurora Strip,” employs coupled strategies to address the site’s visual, acoustic and air pollution. Operating as a “sound field” that listeners pass through, the design strategies involve: expanding shoreline habitat, creating a filtration buffer of conifers and earthwork, and collecting stormwater through “suikinkutsu” raingardens. These strategies illustrate how to approach a site’s design sonically as well as ecologically to support creating a healthier environment for human and wildlife communities.
COUPLED STRATEGIES Sonic Performance
Ecological Performance
FILTRATION Conifer Grove + Earth Mounds
EXPAND + REFLECT Sound Field Decrease in traffic sounds and improved, expanded shoreline habitat conditions encourage greater species diversity
Capture airborne particulate matter from vehicles to improve air quality
COL L EC T + RE VE RB E RAT E Suikinkutsu Raingardens
Obstruct traffic sounds from propagating to create healthier auditory conditions for human and animal species
Collect and infiltrate stormwater from Hwy 99
Collected rainwater flows through ceramic pots creating musical tones
Visitor auditory experience is shifted from the sonic predominace of traffic to the sounds of urban wildlife
HW
SOU
PRO
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T EC
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PA SSIVE ACOUST ICS
Sound mirrors focus, amplify and reflect soundwaves captured between the two sinusoidal concrete surfaces Thick vegetation absorbs sound Mitigate acoustic pollution from automobile traffic on HWY 99
Water amplifies sound
CONIF E R G ROVE
S H ORE L INE
Doug Fir Cedar
E E LG RA S S M E A D OWS
Carex Creeping spike rush Bulrush
Metasequoia glyptostroboides Nysaa sylvatica Parrotia persica Taxodium distichum Populus Salix
F I LT R AT I O N
+160 BIRD S P ECI E S
E ARTH M OUNDS
GROV E OF CONI FE R S
CO L L EC T + R EV ER B ER AT E
SUI K I NK UTSU R AI N GAR DE N
S O U ND M I RRO R/ RE TA I NI NG WA L L
E M E RG ENT P O ND S WOODE N B OAR DWALK
C RU S H E D G RA NI T E PAT H
S OUN D M I RROR
+1 MI L L I O N V I S I TO RS P E R YEAR
AC T IVE S OUN D EVEN TS
EX PAND + R EF L EC T
PROTEC TE D WI LDLI FE REF UG E
Runners/walkers create different auditory rhythms as they walk on alternating materials between crushed granite, wood, and asphalt
Water movement to rain garden flows into Suikinkutsu device creating a reverberation effect
Increased diversity of animal species creates a more robust wildlife soundscape
U R BAN WI LDLIFE SPEC IE S Sliding scale of species impact on soundscape
Mallard Duck
Pied Billed Grebe
Canada Goose
American Crow
GlaucousPacific Hooded Winged Gull Chorus Frog Merganser
Goldfinch
Robin
Black-Capped Pileated Chickadee Woodpecker
Swallow
Double-Crested Cormorants
Red-Winged Blackbird
Barn Owl
Barred Owl
Bald Eagle
Peregrine Falcon
Osprey
Coopers Hawk
Anna’s Great Blue Hummingbird Heron
California Myotis Bat
Northern Alligator Lizard
Western Pond Turtle
Red-Eared Sliders
S PR I N G S U M MER FA L L W I N T ER Habitat creation for targeted species to increase biodiversity
R ESI D UA L S PAC E : B A LLA RD’S C O N N E C T I V E TISSUE JONATH A N S. PAGÁ N
Residual spaces form in the aftermath of urban expansion and signify that a process of transformation has taken place. Numerous, typically vacant, and often overlooked, these irregularly shaped sites resist further development. As urban dwellers struggle to increase the amount of open space within their neighborhoods, many recognize the existence and value of residual space and the potential it has for transforming local communities. Large parcels of land are increasingly rare in the city, as economically driven development projects repeatedly acquire vacant urban lots, leaving a neighborhood’s identity transformed by developers and not local stakeholders. More manageable, abundant, and smaller-scale residual spaces can be identified, programmed, and ultimately function as a valuable network to address a number of urban problems such as; lack of public open space, sense of community and neighborhood identity, insufficient stormwater infrastructure and non-sustainable food practices. Residual Space: Ballard’s Connective Tissue seeks to identify, analyze, and program residual spaces, with the intent of counterbalancing topdown development and providing intervention that can influence broader neighborhood processes. These interventions will focus on creating urban natural habitats that emphases stormwater mitigation, providing a sustainable and local food economy through urban agriculture, and engaging urban art and culture through citizen participation, to ultimately conceive of a new public urban infrastructure that enhances neighborhood identity and systematically promotes community and environmental health.
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
CONCEPT HABITAT AND S TO RM WAT E R FU N C T I ON : E S TAB L I S H I N G U R B A N N AT U R A L H A B I TAT S W I T H A N E MP H A S I S O N S TO RMWATER M ITIG ATIO N URB AN AGR ICULT U R E : E N H AN C I N G L O C AL FOO D P RO D U C T I O N A N D C O N N E C T I N G C O M M U N I T Y T H RO U GH F O O D URB AN ART AND C U LT U R E : C R E AT I N G O PE N S PAC E TO E N G AG E L O C A L A RT, C U LT U R E , A N D R E I N F O R C E D NEIGHB O RHO O D IDENTITY
Typologies Six typologies were established for the identification of residual spaces. Identification The study area was divided into a grid and individual residual sites were identified using mapping tools such as Google Earth, GIS and on-ground observations. A single grid section (C2) was chosen to investigate more in-depth with the intention of extrapolating the findings to the remaining study area and beyond. The chosen section encompasses parts of Ballard’s historical and industrial districts, and a small portion of shoreline.
T Y PO L OG I E S FO R R E S I D UA L S PAC E
Vacant land
Excess right of way
Odd size/shape
Unused infrastructure
Publicly owned green space
Lacking intentional program
S T U DY AR E A: R E S I D UA L S PAC E I D E N T I F I C AT I O N
3
Size: 0.079 acres
4
Size: 0.006 acres
5
Size: 0.030 acres
Size: 0.002 acres
8
Size: 0.184 acres
9
Size: 0.020 acres
10
Size: 0.046 acres
12
Size: 0.063 acres
13
Size: 0.004 acres
14
Size: 0.005 acres
15
17
Size: 0.137 acres
18
Size: 0.052 acres
19
Size: 0.265 acres
1
Size: 0.052 acres
2
6
Size: 0.011 acres
7
11
Size: 0.031 acres
16
Size: 0.026 acres
Size: 0.025 acres
D
C
B
A 1
28
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
2
3
Size: 0.005 acres
N EIGH BOR H OOD AN ALYS I S
S I T E P RO G R A M S ( C 2 )
Analysis Layers of neighborhood systems were analyzed to investigate relationships, identify patterns and visualize potential programming implementations for the residual spaces.
vacant lots
stormwater outfalls
Program The 19 residual spaces, from grid section C2, were examined through various filters and each site was giving a potential design concept.
cs outfalls
detention systems
Productivity The total combined acreage of the 19 residual sites shows the potential impact on the neighborhood. Stormwater mitigation total is based on a 6 inch ponding depth with a precipitation rate of 0.5 inch per hour (GSI sizing factor of 0.046). Crop yield is based on 0.5lbs per square foot of available growing space.
cso basin
catch basins
drainage system
right-of-ways buildings 2 foot contours
23.07
acresof of impervious impervious acres surface mitigated* surface mitigated*
ceb ll ob ottt o tom m
aarre ea a /
G/ SG I fS acI f toac rt
or
COMBINED SIT E PRO D U C T I V I T Y ( C 2 )
19 11
ce ll
16
13
1.06
18 12
10
15 17
9
7
1.06
acres (46,217 ft2)
4
14 6
3
acresfor of community acres community based art and identity based art and identity
2 1
8 5
00.5
.5ll bbss /s/qs uqau rae rfee e
ftt.
23,108 lbs.of of crop yield** lbs. crop yield**
BALLARD STORMWATER CELLS
Site: 0.104 acres
2.27 acres 30
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
stormw
water runoff mitigated
S I T E PL AN
Stormwater Roads, parking lots, and other types of impervious cover are the most significant contributors to stormwater runoff, negatively effecting the biological and physical condition of receiving waters. These Ballard Stormwater Cells, totaling 0.104 acres, have the potential to make a significant contribution to mitigating stormwater runoff from up to 2.27 acres of impervious surface.
Site Features Habitat and stormwater modular site features can be adapted into green stormwater infrastructure to help contribute to Ballard’s environmental health while enforcing a neighborhood identity.
M OD U L AR S I T E FE AT U R E S
1
2
Identity border / seating feature
3
Seating feature
Planter / seating feature
S E C T I ON
Sidewalk
32
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Road way
Stormwater/habitat cells
Road way
4
5
Wildlife structure
Flow direction control
Stormwater/habitat cells
6
7
Brick weir
Curb cuts
Stormwater/habitat cells
BALLARD URBAN FARM
Site: 0.265 acres
5,772 lbs 34
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
of crop yield
M OD U L AR S I T E F E AT U R E S
Urban Agriculture There are approximately 78 restaurants within a 1/2 mile radius of this potential Ballard Urban Farm site. A 0.265 acre urban farm can yield up to 5,772 lbs of crops, supplying a large portion of fresh produce to the community while contributing to the local economy.
1
Single greenhouse
Shed / greenhouse
Double planter
4
Wood pallet vine lattice
Wood pallet bin
Wood pallet planter
5
In-ground agriculture
6
Rope spool seat
Storage shed
3
2
Recycled wood planter
Double greenhouse
Metal water storage
Wood water storage
7
Spool table
Tire play structure
Boat garden
Site Features Agricultural modular site features can be implemented into these residual spaces to contribute to Ballard’s food production while enhancing neighborhood identity and lessening the negative impacts of food production and distribution.
Movement The street was converted from twoway to one-way traffic to enhance automobile, bicycle, and pedestrian safety and accessibility, while allowing for a more dynamic and functional streetscape.
S I T E PL AN
4
5
17th Ave St
Skateholders Many local organizations can assume ownership over these Ballard Urban Farm sites, helping contribute to the success of the agriculture while enhancing community and providing a valuable neighborhood resource.
6
2
6
7
2
3
2
3
S TAK E H O L D E R S
36
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Residential
City Fruit
Food Trucks
Food Bank
Seattle Tilth
Restaurants
1
5
4 2
1
3
3
6
2
3
2
3
6
15th Ave St
4
NW 50th St
1
5
1
5
2
3
6
1
4
5
SIT E MOV EMENT
Residential
NW Peaks Brewery
Vacant
Auto lot / Storage
Food truck/ Beer garden
Automobile Dirt Exchange
Bicycle Pedestrian
BALLARD IDENTITY SITES
Site: 0.002 acres
0.002 acres
38 for community art and identity C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Neighborhood Identity The Nordic Heritage Museum in Ballard is dedicated to the heritage of Seattle’s Nordic immigrants. The museum serves as a community amenity and shares Nordic culture by exhibiting art and providing educational and cultural experiences.
SITE PL AN
NW 48
th St
Ba rd lla W
eN Av
Site Features These neighborhood modular site features can be inserted into Ballard Identity Sites to create a unique assemblage of community character.
M OD U L AR S I T E FE AT U R E S
1
2
Ballard Bowl / skate feature
3
Ballard Locks / salmon statue
4
5
Nordic Museum / Tafl board game
6
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Micro breweries / beer barrel art wall
7
Urban Farm / example green house
40
Golden Gardens / children’s sandbox
Ballard Library / book bench
PA RT ICIPAT ING ID E N T I T I E S
1
2
Ballard Commons
4
Participating Identities These Ballard Identity Sites can be adopted and intervened to highlight organizations and neighborhood features, creating a walking map and contributing to the identity and character of the Ballard neighborhood.
3
Golden Gardens
Ballard Locks
5
7
6
Nordic Museum
Micro Breweries
Ballard Library
Urban Farm
e Av rd
lla
Ba
1
2 3 5 4 NW Leary Way
7 6
Salmon Bay
M AX I M I Z E Y ( OUR) HOOD :
C O M M U N I T Y H U B A S C AT A L Y S T F O R C R E AT I N G S O C I A L C A P I TA L H S I E N - A I WA N G
Social capital is defined as social networks and interactions that inspire reciprocity among citizens. Built environment (including the way we design and build our communities and neighborhoods) affects the degree to which people are involved in their communities and with each other. The fundamental premise is that some neighborhood designs enable or encourage community connections, whereas others do not. Theoretically, healthy and multi-functional neighborhoods are expected to enhance social capital because they enable residents to interact. Spontaneous “bumping into” neighbors can help to encourage a sense of connection between people and the places they live in the everyday built environment. This interaction can be intentional or accidental. These casual contacts can occur in local parks, or even on the sidewalk. Social interaction can also occur by invitation, not only by chance encounter. These interactions have been theorized to be of great importance for fostering “a web of public respect and trust, and a resource in time of personal or neighborhood need” (Jacobs 1961). We are a generation that uses social networking tools to connect with one another online. However, most contemporary social networking does little to enable real-life social interactions. We spend time sitting in front of our computer and using smart phone easily to interact with others but resulting in spending more time alone. When we open our computers, we shut our doors. Therefore, creating places for people to gather, share, or just waving hello to bridge the community bond is becoming more important. This project’s main goal is to examine the relationship between neighborhood design and social capital. Built environment is
42
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
important in encouraging enhanced levels of social and community engagement (i.e., social capital). I chose two residual spaces in Ballard to catalyze them in becoming hubs for citizens in the face of dense development. In Ballard, housing boom has resulted in buildings being torn down and replaced with tall, expensive townhouses and apartment buildings. While greater density is desirable for cities, this pattern of development is also resulting in greater demand for community open space, which is the main focus of this project. To encourage participation and collaboration in the creation of the Community Hubs, neighborhood stakeholders can collaborate with each other through Website such as Neighborland.-- a simple online platform that can also engage decision makers and developers. Through this website, neighborhood organizations can form from local members to develop a partnership system. They will share their ideas to others to identify and prioritize needs and assets in the community. The group can then find the supporters and volunteers to implement the proposals. These Hubs can move around when there is another residual space in the neighborhood, and allow the community to activate residual land. On weekdays, elements of these Hubs can become mobile and dispersed in different locations in the district or the city. During the weekends, they will converge on the selected sites in Ballard to form the Community Hubs. The temporary nature of these Hubs allows for flexible and openended programming. In the future, parts of the Hubs may become permanent public spaces for the community. Reference Jacobs J. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York, NY: Random House; 1961.
SOCIAL MEDIA
BO
NE
ER
S
S
DS
EN
RK
ND
O
FR
IE
Hiram M. Chittenden Locks
1ST HUB // BALLARD FARMACY abandoned storefront+vacant lots Farmer’s Market
Active nonintimate ties
2ND HUB // FLOATING PARADISE under development
The Burke Guilman Trail
Salmon Bay
15th Ave NW
Shilshole Ave NW
Leary Way NW
OR
Active intimate ties
-W
Active intimate ties Active nonintimate ties
W
total daily intake
I
h
CO
catalyst
FR
1h
CO -
current
Gaming
9
IG H
BO IG H
NE
s
Entertainment
FA M
RS
ILY
ILY
space
1.25h
.75h
FA
RS
M
cal
Social Network
Blog
3.5h
ng
RS
2.5h
rk i
ys i ph
News
wo
KE
so c i a l ne t
ISSUES
According to E Relph, he mentioned the distinctive and diverse places are manifestations of a deeply felt involvement with those places by the people who live in them, and that for many such a profound attachment to place is as necessary and significant as a close relationship with other people.
1
The spaces, places, and boundaries that define city life. America is not like Asia at the mix-used development. In Asia, I can easy to have connections with friends by walking in my neighborhood. Otherwise, American most urban life is lived out in local communities that result in fragmentation connections. Additionally, since the internet has been introduced to our life, electronic spaces are gradually incorporated into physical spaces within contemporary cities. The traditional sense of the program and function of the city have been changed and it transforms people’s everyday life. Distance is diminished; the boundaries between those assigned functions and programs are dissolved. However, the physical spaces and most workers’ everyday life still remained rigid. Accoarding to the right side diagram, 1. existing situation 2. renewed link between environment and human: This vacant concrete space will be transform into a community asset worth improving. Residents can build upon their accomplishments to effectively plan and organize resources toward a specific vision. 3. spatial identity carriers: It begins with a series of demonstration activities encouraging an iterative approach and an opportunity to experiment, assess, and evolve a community’s vision. 4. strong network: They will demand changes to the new developmentthat reflect the values and desires of the Ballard neighborhood.
2
3
4
44
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
ST R AT EGIC OPER AT I O N
HUB IDEA ]
Properties Owners
Brainstorming Process
Ballard
first hill/capitol hill
south park
seattle center downtown university community south lake union
institution industry
school
Hub
business
platform system
Community [ POP UP HUB ]
Negotiate with developers
= [ WORK ]
on weekdays
+
[ EVENT ] on weeknights/weekends SHARE LEARN PLAY MAKE SHOP.................
community center
step 01 BOOK 1 2 3 4
northgate uptown Ballard
south park
seattle center downtown
public/private vacant lot street/sidewalk/alleyway vacant storefront unused warehouse/office/retail
step 02 CHOOSE you also can add a kit of parts with food truck
configuration 01 classroom
then you can start to make your workplace be more LIVABLE
configuration 02 performance configuration 03 dining/meeting
university community south lake union
chicago dallas boston
[ CLASS ] on weeknights
Hub
WEEKDAY
first hill/capitol hill
+
partnership system
northgate uptown
survey by NEIGHBORLAND
profits 60%
upload their vacant stock
profits 30%
[
upload information location: size:
step 03 INTERACT conduct your event and you also can shop daily produces
washington
Hub Hub
new york
backside
san francisco
WEEKEND
Government/Developer shape the new urban design
more.......
EXISTING CONDITIONS office/factory l retail l existing open spaces l potential assests(includes programs/ classes/studios)
industrial l commercial l mixed use l single family l multifamily: mid/highrise l multifamily: lowrise l open space l institutional
land use
assests
hub urban village l main route l secondary route l weekday density l weekend density
exisiting parking lots l potentially activate land
There are sixteen posibilities to make diverse programs that collaborate with domestic and international partnerships. Locals could find whatever they want, the hub becomes an incubator to stimulate their network.
1/2 1/4
conflicts l alliances l potential alliances
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
12
13
Gardener New Patient Resident
14
15
a theraputic space which is natural to heal their illness through working out
11
Scandinavian Teenager Biker Homeless Job Seeker
quiet space in which to plant and escape the noisy everyday life
10
a space in which he can learn new practical skills to help get a job
a safe space to throw a ball
space to run with fresh air and spaces for exercise points
a space to play music, where there are people who will pay for it
a space to sale their products and make income , also make customers willing to come
space in which to make and sell artworks
a space to eat outside away from computer screen
9
space to hang out with friends,not to be told what to do
8
shelter, basic sanitation a platform to generate their income
7
space can keep and reflect their cultural identity
6
5
a healthier working space that not conflict with ballard neighborhood
4
an enclosed space from which to observe species
3
Resident Office Artist Retailer Busker Sporter Dog Student Bluecollar Worker Walker
a quiet space in which to appreciate nature as he has no yard
space to run and play
places to visit, subjects and objects to photograph activities to participate
a secure place to park the car, and a place take a break inbtween shopping
an easy way to exchange or buy goods
Elder
peace adnd quiet, time to thhink and admire the scenery. a chance to get out the house
2
Market Market Shopper Child Seller Goer Tourist
a convenient space from which to sell goods
1
46
open space gap
density core
It works with local organiztions and private companies, sharing and mixing the exist resoures and potential posibilities. Also, open to the public and for education programs, special events.
1/8
16
a space in which he can learn more about the cultureod neighborhood
However, even Ballard has such exciting programs but it is still unsatisfied for different users. Based on the analysis of social components-identifying users’ conflicts and alliances, mix different advantages to make diverse programs.
a safe space to ride and socialize
From Ballard existing conditions, there are some exist programs such as art studios provide classes for students to learn basic embroidery and hand sewing stitches make they create their creatures. Ecological companies support environmental protections.
social components-identifying users’ conflicts and alliances
outside social spaces
rk
nearby nodes t ke
pa
n in
an
nd
ch ch ur ur ch ch ill sh ar m
ou gr ay
pl
ill sh ar
m
lm gi
ly
l jo o di tu ys ul os ih di ch l tu 's S oo oe tt rj ch le w es de pr Ho tgra rd n are r win lla ba tio t c te re da es cen r b a's e l un qu ry d's r sg fo dd we iar ee n pebre hill b es ur ter er ic tb n ks k us isph es ce ea an m w cal t p d b me hem rth di es o w fo just no me rth ard ish no ball
ed sw
h tc pa
p-
er ey
r te emy os di en d tu t c r ca ar uo a n iq e or d l tim eb lar ri fir bal ma d le ol eatt s
om m ro red ap f
t er
g ro zs za ba
p
m ra at bo
nearby nodes
on or mo an e m th e rd ac lla br em
ar
m
e or od
m
m co
outside social spaces
ba
n io at nd er u y nt fo er er w ng ce rn t g u en re i w b in t b c re ar es are ks b s he w c er ea ler ike & rth est nt t p dd er ah ch no qu l ce wes pe s be w es ' ee ica th c er rd k sp ed nor illia ban usi sph rd m h d e m mi lla o ish n fo ba m he ed tio rd ust k la sw ula j or al y n y sim le n b o G ty in lard newshi dem l e- ifes rd fa ca a er p onre l alla l ba o i e a b p u ot tud nc ee gro h ge c s est dk n sifi ts n oun esig ra et s y d g ba pu ott li el
s ck lo
’s e en er m ac d pl gar far en 's ay rg vin nd be ar su m
pa b clu th al es lti he ia rd ec lla sp ba k s& or ice tw sp ne et ce m an ur td go es w r th ic no us m r r te rd o lla an en ba ly m rts c i a da on ho vs se
ch ur ch al k op ar isc s p ep on l 's m na ke om io lu at st rd c rn lla te in ba le irc nd d c ou re gr ac ay s pl
rd lla
FLOATING PARADISE
ba
BALLARD FARMACY
rd lla ba
P HYSIC AL SIT E CO M PO N E N T S
P R O G R A M M I N G L AY E R S B A L L A R D FA R M AC Y
In the weekend, all of tucks will come back to serve hub and become other functions such as mobile book stores, fishing booths or bike renting stops, ect. Also, it also attracts people to come the hub. Those temporary programs that will be distributed in permanent site design. Based on the analysis, this block is surrounded by marine ecological, fabrication and sports company. Also, tons of restaurants and Swedish Medical Center are around this site. Currently, one of these companies in the site is supporting community events highly. Therefore, the function could be regarded as a community center. Based on the interviews, the owner wants to make this vacant lot to become a hotel but it lack of money . Therefore, that is why it results in abandoned storefront and empty parking lots. My goal is to create a multi functional farm for community to work out. Importantly, Swedish Medical Center will be one of partnerships. It becomes a theraputic garden for patients. To run a business in historical area is very vibrant. Lots of people come here to open their own stores. Howeve, the rent is not affoardable. I also create a commune for new coming generation to have opportunity to make their dream that will collaborate with community incubator to run those programs. During weekend, the programs will be expanded. Most of parking lots will open for people instead of cars. (just like parklet ideas) It will be more sporty, exercising to welcome people and animals. (Ballard has one popular farmer’s market). During events, we will hold one week events that is related to art’s and farm’s issues. In the future, the site maybe will be constructed. But part of those programs could be hold in another residual sites. So, it could be moved around not only specific on this site.
48
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Cafe and Brew Mountain
Art Show
Waffle Garden
sharing
farming exercising
Herb Foraging
EVENT Community Incubator Information Center Cafe n Brew Mountain Art Show Herbs Foraging One Week Pallete Pavillion Mobile Farm Promotion
r ’s m arke
t
ging han ce c ran ent
from
fram e
WEEKEND
ark ing
lo t
Commune Greenhouse Mushroom Waffle Garden Community Incubator Information Center Food Truck Cafe n Brew Mountain Scenery Tower Biking Renting Dog Park Roller n Hocky playground Music Station n Open Air Theater Chalkboard Jungle
to p
from burke
trail
Commune Greenhouse Mushroom Waffle Garden Community Incubator Information Center
LO T
Event Scenario
guilman
WEEKDAY
en tra nc e
Community Incubator
VA CA NT
Inflatable Greenhouse Mushroom
healing
M AS T E R P LAN WEEKEND
1
10
2
4 3 5 9
6
1.Information Center 2.Gathering Area 3.Inatable Greenhouse Mushroom 4.Plaza 5 Wafe Garden 6 Recycled Table and Seating 7 Community Incubator 8 Cafe n Brew Mountain 9 Commune 10 Biking Renting 11 Giant Triangle 12 Open Air Theater 13 Music Station 14 Hocky playground 15 Roller Skate Class Field 16 Food Truck 17 Pop-up Kitchen 18 Off-leash Park 19 Chalkboard Jungle 20 Farm TED Talk Stage 21 One Week Pallete Pavillion 22 Art Show 23 Mobile Farm Promotion
50
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
16 8
17 18
7
11
14 19
12 13
15
0
40
80
160
240 feet
Chalkboard Jungle
Off-leash Park
Hocky playground
Roller Skate Class Field
Weekend Scenario
P R O G R A M M I N G L AY E R S F LO AT I N G PA R A D I S E
This site is located in marginal industry area. It becomes a vacant lot for a long time. The owner is the same with Trader Joe’s that wants to build the apartments but no one want to buy. He would love to supports community needs and hear their voices. Therefore, that is the great opportunity for owner through Neighborland tool to know what they want.
Aquaponics Pavillion
2 Days Science Shows
Aquaponics Lab Otherwise, Seattle Marine Academy have a plan to expand their school to strehgthen Ballard marine identity and education. I want to base on this idea to make this lot become marine science hub under the academic resources. Also, this site is a connector with others by taking boat to here or from otherside fremont by walking on the bridge. Therefore, the transportation is very diverse, so it should be increase the amount of people to come here. This site is located in marginal area, therefore providing daily needs is basic requirement. Second, the current site is sunken so I use this advantage to make people have connection with water. Also, create fun educational function for children to learn by playing. During weekday, scholoar and students can do research in the site. But during weekend, it combines with trucks to become a fishing pond for the increasing family population their kids have a public space to go. During holding science two days events, the site will expand to block the street to allow the science booth occupy the street. Through this program it might could change industiral area become a fun imagination for ballard community. Also, they can find their marine identity back.
52
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
sharing
healing
farming exercising
researching playing gathering
Science Experiment Booth
EVENT
EVENT Aquaponics Lab Aquaponics Pavillion Lunch Picnic Science Barge Food Truck 2 Days Science Shows Floating Wetland Experiment Ballard TED Talk Up Balloons
up
r ’s m arke
t
ging han ce c ran ent
Community Incubator Information Center Cafe n Brew Mountain Art Show Herbs Foraging One Week Pallete Pavillion Mobile Farm Promotion
om
fram e
WEEKEND
from burke
guilman
Commune Greenhouse Mushroom Waffle Garden Community Incubator Information Center Food Truck Cafe n Brew Mountain Scenery Tower Biking Renting Dog Park Roller n Hocky playground Music Station n Open Air Theater Chalkboard Jungle
WEEKEND en tra r joe’s trade
nc e fireborn arts
me acade seattle mariti
my
from canal
Aquaponics Lab Aquaponics Pavillion Lunch Picnic Street Painting Food Truck Pop-up Kitchen Fishing pond Boat Workshop Science Barge
trail
WEEKDAY
ind ust r
Commune Greenhouse Mushroom Waffle Garden Community Incubator Information Center
ya rea from
il n tra ilma e gu burk
WEEKDAY Aquaponics Lab Aquaponics Pavillion Lunch Picnic Rain Garden Food Truck
T T LO
AN VAC Event Scenario
7
M AS T E R PL AN WEEKEND
14 11 13 1 10 5
9 12 3
2 7
6
4
8
15
1.Aquaponics Pavillion 2.Aquaponics Lab 3.Giant Triangle 4.Recycled Table and Seating 5.Gabion Basket 6.Gathering Plaza 7.Waving Picnic 8.Pallet Planter and Seating 9.Food Truck 10.Rain Garden 11.Pop-up Kitchen 12.Underpass Food Court 13.Fishing Booth 14.Street Painting 15.Boat Workshop 16.Science Barge 17.Ballard Marine TED Talk 18.Science Experiment Booth 19.2 Days Science Shows 20.Pallet Stage 21.Up Balloons
54
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
16 0
40
80
160
240 feet
Summer Bookshop
Fishing Pond
Art Painting
Waving Picnic
Fishing Booth
Gathering Plaza
Weekend Scenario
Programs that mobilize citizens to connect with others by gardening, participating events, food, or sharing, etc. In Ballard neighborhood, there are abandoned shiiping containers, art/fabrication/wood studio. Therefore, there are cimmunity-based interventions.
gallery
/proje
ct spac
e
shop / lab residential spaces (2 units) collaborative studio spaces (3 units) studio spaces (3 units) retail
UNIT 3-babecue UNIT 1-corner table UNIT 2-table / bench
56
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
giant triangle
recycled table
pop-up kitchen (with food truck)
aquaponics lab
scenery tower / tourist station
L O C AL I ZE D I N T E RV E NT I O N S
commune
The role of values in the design of community interventions is discussed. It is argued that participation in the design of community interventions by community members and professional experts associated with the problem of interest is congruent with the values of community psychology.
community spaces retail residential spaces (2 units) information center
PP ROGR R O G R AAM M DDIST I S T RRI IBBUUTTI IOONNS S
W E E K D AY W E E K D AY
WEEKEND WEEKEND
1. 1. Locations Locations of of events events Using Using the the permanent permanent site site design design to to organize organize the the temporary temporary activities’ activities’ locations. locations. The The current current design design makes makes the the most most of of the the climatic climatic conditions conditions in in rainy rainy season. season. The The community community incubator, incubator, commune commune or or information information center center will will offer offer spaces spaces for for events events all all year year through. through. The The goal goal is is aimed aimed at at grouping grouping functions functions together together and and thus thus providing providing larger larger activities activities diversely. diversely. These These two two areas areas become become the the means, means, which which allows allows the the vacant vacant parking parking lots lots to to continue continue attracting attracting crowds crowds also also in in the the short short waiting waiting development development days. days.
EVENT EVENT
noon nap
music parties
yoga class
cafe/beer drinking
fashion show
healing
aquaponics tour
open-air opera
rollerskating
farm promotion
aquaponics
foraging
open-air cinema
learning/sharing
farm show
art flea market
farming
dancing
dog running
boat workshop
flower exhibition
biking shows
researching
food service
one night living
dinner parties
art painting
swimming beach
lectures
artwork exhibition
working
sunbathing
view seeing
children's day
fishing
summer bookshop
scholar sharing
celebration
community gathering
lunch golf
shopping
farm to table
hockey
science barge
science game
balloon festival
2. 2. Flexibility Flexibility in in programming programming It It is is seen seen as as aa stage, stage, on on which which various various events events can can happen. happen. Part Part of of the the program program is is fixed, fixed, but but part part of of it it is is left left only only suggested. suggested. The The project project has has aa substantial substantial area area of of outdoor, outdoor, but but also also indoor indoor spaces, spaces, which which function function has has not not been been fixed, fixed, but but only only possibilities possibilities for for it it have have been been suggested. suggested. These These spaces spaces offer offer aa great great flexibility flexibility in in the the functioning functioning of of the the park. park. They They make make it it possible possible both both to to fix fix aa function, function, which which the the future future park park management management considers considers important, important, but but also also to to keep keep changing changing the the functions, functions, which which take take place place at at aa specific specific spot. spot.
IN TE R B AY S Y STE MS AT IN TE R B AY, S E ATTLE SH U-KUEI H SU
The project explores the new possibility to recycle and reuse urban Drop-scape by develop a new water reuse system on an old industrial site, and cooperate with the new developments. The new water distribution system collect and clean the run-off and decontaminate the contaminated soil on site, distribute the clean water to new transit system, housing unit, new school. The new development respect and rebranding the identity of the history, remain the productivity of the site, and create the space for different activities. The development also meet the criteria of sustainability development, it content economic, ecology, and society strategy.
Urban run-off from adjacent neighborhoods went through the contaminated ground in Interbay into Puget Sound bay. The plan is to collect and reuse the urban run-off, rain water, old infrastructure. Establish a new water recycle system, and new sustainable neighborhood. Our main strategies are Reuse, Identity, and Productive.
Project Narrative: Interbay landfill, Seattle. An abandon and forgotten area 2 miles away from Seattle downtown. It is the low point between Queen Anne, and Mongolia. The site contents four major zones, from west to east, Industrial use, railroad, armory, and Pier 90, Pier 91 in the south. Interbay has limit access from surrounding neighborhood, the industrial area is underutilized. The need of the railroad is reducing every. Pier 90 and Pier91 is transforming from exporting harbor into tourist oriented, it brings 50,000 tourist into Seattle every year.
Identity: Maintain the local iconic elements, for example, warehouses, railroad, and containers. Use the iconic elements to create new identity, such as Railroad Park, Container art festival, Container shop, and warehouse into artist work shop.
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Reuse: Collect and reuse the run-off water, rain water, and old warehouses, infrastructure into clean water for irrigation, new workshops, and museum to create more work opportunity. Turning old railroad to new transit infrastructure.
Productive: Create more housing units with p-patch, the residents can grow their own foods and trade in the food market. And Create more working opportunity on the site, the new pier can also attract more tourist into Seattle.
REGIONAL MAP
ISSUES Land use: 70% Industrial Impermeable space: 95% Vacancy: 2200 acres
Discovery Park West Point Treatment Plant
Limit access Soil contamination
Queen Anne
Magnolia
STRATEGIES Reuse
Contaminate
Runoff
Queen Anne Greenbelt
Identity 1 mile
2 mile
Olympic Sculpture Park Puget Sound Downtown Interbay Landfill
King County Wastewater Treatment Plant
Productive
INT ER B AY T IMELI N E 1874
1870
1894
1890
1910
1975
1930
1990
2014
Cruising In 2009, the piers became the termainal of cruise ship. It brought 480,000 passengers to Seattle every year.
Pier A/B Export and import to Asia Locomotive The Port was ranked second in the nation for the value of its imports and exports. C A PSTONE PROJECT S
1970
WWII U.S Navy purchased the Piers
Gas works star working in Interbay.
60
1950
1992
Buy Back After war, the Port purchased back the harbor. The piers handled imported cars at the time.
A
Queen Anne
F
B
M AST ER PLAN
D
Magnolia
C
G
H
I
E
J
LEGEND K
Elliott Bay Marina
L
Pier 90/91
Puget Sound
A
Wastewater Plant
B
Wetland
C
New Community
D
P-patch
E
Community Center
F
Railroad/ Bike Lane
G
New Design School /Railroad Museum
H
Artist Workshop
I
Farmers Market
J
Railroad Park
K
Office
L
Hotel
DIAG R AMS
EXISTING LAND USE
CONCEPTUAL PROGRAMMING
Building configuration Culture/ Work
Musuem Armory Warehouse
Farmers Market Artist Workshop
Industrial G1
Green Industry
Wetland Live
Marina Commercial Industry
Tourism
Office Retail Recreation/ Work
Hotel
Office Residntial
GREEN NETWORK
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
TRANSIT CIRCULATION
P-patch
Public Transit Freight Train Bike
Green Space
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
DEV ELOPING PH A S E S
1890 Smith Cove
1930 WWII
2020 Phase 1 -
2025 Phase 2 -
Decontaminate
1970 Pier90-Pier91
Revitalize
2030 Phase 3 -
Reborn
Cornus stolonifera
Carix Sp.
Wood duck
Salix nigra
Bacopa monnieri
Distichlis spicata Oenanthe sarmentosa
Juncus acuminatus
Double-crested Cormorant Sockeye salmon
Steelhead trout
Greywater Inflow Water treatment plants Rain Water Inflow Aeration pool
Sedimentation pool
Lineal plant treament Clean Water Outflow Birds Island
Reservoir/ Aquaculture
Flood control dam
Pudge Sound
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Upland Habitat
Wetland Elevation In different parts of the wetland serves different function, some part clean the water, some storage the water.
Water Distribution System The diagram below shows the new sustainable system to recycle and reuse the water goes into the site, and the water cleaned by wetland. Collect runoff from Queen Anne, Mongolia, and Interbay region to waste water treatment plant for preliminary clearance. Rain water from roof top or bio-swale goes to sedimentation section, skip the water treatment plant. The clean water will storage and infiltrate in reservoir section, the clean water will provide the New design school, Artist workshop, and P-patch irrigation.
Lineal plant treament
Cross Wetland Boardwalk
Children Play Sand dune
Birds Island
Kayak landing
Riparian Habitat
Reservoir
Lookout boardwalk
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
The New Heart of Interbay
WAT ER QUA LIT Y D I AG R AM
The wetland which provides habitat, clean water, and fun for wildlife and human. The mediation wetland provides different types of habitats to meet the needs of different wildlife, which increase bio-diversity and resistant landscape. Moreover, the new wetland will going to be the new heart of Interbay community, it create places for varies activities to happen. And it also restores the old shore line fabric back into 1930.
Clean
Dirty
WATER DIST R IBUT ION S YS T E M The rain water collected from roof will be recycle in the building itself, and transport to water storage in P-patch. The rain water in new community would goes to bioswale, and wetland for next stage of cleaning process. The run-off from Mongolia and Queen Anne goes to wastewater treatment plant, then mediation wetland. 70% clean water would reuse by less water quality demanding industrial use, 90%100% clean water would reuse by P-patch, residential unit, and New art school.
Neighborhood run-off 70% clean water for Industry Run-off from Mognolia
To Storage Tank
for P-patch
for P-patch
Queen Anne Run-off
Rain Water
Detention Park
90% clean Water
Run-off
Bio-Swale
Detention Pond Outflow
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
N
NEW INT ER B AY C O M M U N I T Y
Walk able Neighb o rho o d Proposed Bus Stops Community Center Pedestrian Zone Speed limited street
Pedestrian zone provides the comfortable and safe walking experience. Retail stores and restaurants were along the pedestrian zone.
Seattle Transit stop Connection Landbridge
G reen Net wo rk Public Green Space Stormwater Detention Park Bio-Swale P-patch
Community Park stores the storm water and also provide habitat. Scatter small green spaces advance the living of birds and insects.
Sto rm Water Co llec ted Community run-off Bio-swale Irrigation Network Water Storage Tank
Create a network system to collect and storage the storm water in Neighborhood. Use the storage water in the water tank to irrigate the P-patch.
D iverse L andu se Commercial Community Center Residential Transit Station
Maximize the sunshine rate surface per building and diver the use of building, for example, retail in first floor, residential units in second floor.
Site Sections
Connection Bridge Interbay Station
A
Wetland
Loading Zone
Artist Workshop
Railroad Museum
Farmer's Market
Out door Railroad Exibition
Freight Railroad
P-patch Seattle Transit Pedstrian Zone
Connection Bridge
B
Wetland
Loading Zone
Wood/Stone Workshop
Farmer's Market/ Multifuction Lawn
Speed limited Pedstrian friendly zone Railroad Park
Freight Railroad
P-patch
Seattle Transit Pedstrian Zone
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
PIER90/ PIER91 New multifuction commercial and recreation harbor
Office Marina
Cruise Ships docking at Pier 91 bring 481,000 passengers into Seattle and the Interbay District every year. We proposed to reuse and renovate the existing structure into office, dived the interior of old building into small compartments to small business.
Office
Retail Hotel
Second, build new hotel for the large amount of the tourist brought by cruise ship. Moreover, we designed the new water overlook, Pier coffee shop, and shaded pavilion. Third, collect and recycle the rainwater and runoff, direct into the designated rain garden, reuse the water to irrigate the roadside trees.
Rain Water Collected
Wind Barrier
Bus Route
A B
Bus Stop
Pier 90
Cruise Ship Stop Pier 91 View Point
Freight Train
Seattle Transit
Interbay P-patch
Bike Path Pedestrian Walk
P- PATC H
Connection Bridge Container Shop
Preserved Railroad
RAIL ROAD PARK 72
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Queen Anna
Wetland Promenade
Bird-watching boardwalk
MEDIATIO N WETL AND
L IF E I N B E TW E E N
R E V I S I O N O F U R B A N A M B I G U O U S S PA C E KEI-S IN G YIU
There are lots of in between spaces, which have neither specific programs nor users, in the urban area. People have no attachment when going pass by these spaces. However, these ambiguous spaces have great potential to become an activity buffer and mood transfer place where people can enjoy their life. Using the ideas of Overlap, Penetrate, and Soften to create places that not only reflect the surrounding elements but also contain a variety of uses is the main goal of this project. Denny Way in Seattle is a typical demonstration of urban ambiguous space. The historical development in the area created triangular wedge spaces that limit their uses. The area is currently faced with new developments near the Seattle Center and a growing number of new residential and office buildings. As In between space, the sites along Denny Way could resolve the conflicts between car traffic and pedestrian circulation. They could also support the surrounding programs and the potential street activities. The overall systems strategy is to create four zones at the site to serve different users in different time. By doing so, the strategy strengthens the identity in each area and improves not only street experience but also the economic and way finding system. For the phasing strategy, I vision changes in the next 50 years, and try to
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
make a collaborative design. The users and activities will change through the phases, and the design will respond to the changes. In addition, based on a series of analysis, I chose three sites to become multifunctional nodes to handle water, planting, circulation, traffic, and spatial feeling issues. In site I, the objective is to design an interactive place in between educational and exercise activities. The task is to penetrate the class use and the exercise needs, soften the circulation system, and overlap the activities at different time. In site II, the goal is to provide a healthy place in between green corridors and residential communities. The task is to penetrate the nature and the community accessibility, soften the edge between people and nature, and overlap the eco-function and community activities. In site III, the main propose is to create an attractive place in between an exhibition area (Seattle Center) and the surrounding office area. The task is to penetrate the environment feeling from these two different programs, soften the well-defined factor, and overlap the potential needs.
Shop Work Sleep Cook Ex Eat hibition
AM R G
RO
P
BUILD
INGS
D Wait forive Car r Bu Walk s Bike Take P icture STREE
Rest Have F Play o o d Perfom enc Gathe e r
T
PLAZA
Stroll Have F Rest ood ExercRisead e PARK
CE A SP
TIME
06:00
09:00
12:00
17:00
20:00
22:00 Residents
Passers
Homeless
Residents
Workers
Passers
Consumers
Students
Residents
Passers Visitors
Homeless
Residents
Workers
Consumers
Students
Residents
Passers
Visitors Students
Visitors
Workers
Students
Homeless
PEOPLE
14:00
WA
Queen Anne
KING COUNTY
Seattle Center
Lake Union
St .
The surrounding of Denny way is the edge between different era. That is, it formed by different angle of street and create lots of triangular spaces.
L O C AT I ON
G R I D PAT T E R N
Br oa d
Denny way locate at the north of Seattle, King county, Washington State, USA. Because of the urban development history, which based on the economical purpose at 18th century, the grid system have different angle. Because the expand of Seattle downtown, Denny Way locating between south lake union and Belltown become thrive. Lots of new residential and office buildings have been built or will be build in the next 20 years. That create a opportunity for this space to rethink it’s position and how it can do to connect the surrounding district.
Denny Way
Site
The leftover space turn out to be parking lots or abandoned place, the experience of moving through this space is bored and unfriendly.
Downtown
S I T E P H OTO
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
CO NCEPT
What will happen when people go between different activities? What will people see during the time they traveled through street? Every leftover spaces have potential to provide opportunities for street activities which could invite surrounding people to join or watch. In this case, people will enjoy the life in between different space, time, and activities. The characteristic of these space should provide spaces where can reflect surrounding activities, can contain multiple use, and can create chance of interaction. The three methods to practice the concept of reflect, contain, and interact are Penetration, Overlap, and Soften. Penetrate the surrounding spatial elements, activities to extend and invite the circulation and users. Overlap the existing and potential activities to create varies appearance in different time. Soften the edges to provide harmony spaces allow flexible use.
PART I
Penetration
Create spatial connection to surroundings
Overlap
Create multi-functional program and space
Soften
Create exible use area between different activities
Site analysis in this project has been arrange to three categories. The first is the analysis of people activities. I visited the site several times and investigate each buildings and places in order to understand the existing programs in and beside the site. In addition, I mapping out the path people usually walk in the site to realize the important gathering spot, rest space, and cut through way. The result shows that even in different time during the day, the users will be different, most of the path is used by connecting buildings to public transportation stations. So does the gathering spots, most of them are close to bus stations. The second category is the analysis of time. I studied the development history and the future plan surround this area. The first park in Seattle - Denny Park is beside Denny Way which provide a precious nature resource. However, it doesn’t provide a chance of people life, which is a crucial needs in this era. Furthermore, I studied the future plan, that it will be a lake-bay loop proposed in recent year and lots of new residential buildings as well. The Last category is the analysis of space. It includes all the elements affecting space form. Building height analysis shows the site have lots of open space that unlike to the CBD area, which provide a better resting space for both people and wildlife. The traffic analysis shows that the system should not totally follow the street pattern which cause lots of confusion for car users. The topography and green resources analysis point out the potential location for public space.
S I T E AN ALYS I S
Future Plan
Landuse
Building Height Gathering Spot
Traffic
Circulation Topography
Accessibility
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Historical Elements
Green Resources
COMPLEX ANALYS I S
Complicate traffic circulation create traffic jam, the proportion of road width and car utilization is inefficienct
Pedestrian circulation based on scatter or gather from the public station in each zone
New development create more family users
People need better waiting space around bus stops
Street space for car will decrease, for people will increase P
Lowrise area provide great spatial transition from CBD to South Lake Union
OO YL -BA
KE
LA
SITE
The Important of public transportation will increase Precious green area should be preserved and expanded
00:00
00:00
M A STER PLAN 22:00
02:00
STREET / PARK
10:00
14:00 12:00
STREET / PARK -Street Park -Green Parklet -Pocket Park -Bio-Swale
80
06:00
08:00
16:00
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
02:00
04:00
20:00
04:00
20:00
18:00
22:00
ART / REST
18:00
06:00
08:00
16:00
10:00
14:00 12:00
ART / REST -Multi-functional Art Structure -Rest Court -Outdoor Concert -Bio-Swale -Chess Plaza -Outdoor Cafe -Bike Share Spot -Green Space -Temperary Street Event
CON
-Urban Ar -Recreasio -Retention -Commun -Roof Gar
00:00 22:00
22:00
04:00
20:00
CONNECT / COMMUNITY
18:00
06:00
10:00
14:00
02:00
04:00
20:00
08:00
16:00
NNECT / COMMUNITY
rgriculture onal Plaza n Pond nity Market rden
00:00 02:00
18:00
PLAY / EDUCATE
06:00
08:00
16:00
10:00
14:00
12:00
12:00
PLAY / EDUCATE -Multi-functional Playground -Slope Lawn -Movable Street Furniture -Community Classroom -Elephant Car Wash Sign -Skateboard Park -Basketball Playground
N
0
100
200
500ft
All the systems are based on providing a walkable space and strengthen the advantage of people experience, based on the analysis result and the vision of future Denny way.The main strategy is creating couple node to connect the whole area. The nodes will have gathering, drainage, public transportation, green connection, and spatial feeling functions. There will be three main phases: the first one is in 10 years in which the local users will increase, so places like parking lots will be reduced and changed to parks. In phase two, public transportation will partially replace personal vehicles, so temporary street events will happen. In the third phase, each community will have its own characteristic and complete life cycle to become a healthy neighborhood.
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
S YS T E M
PROGR AM PH ASING
PLAY / EDUCATE Residential
Denny Way B’ 07 14
09
06 08
Dexter Avenue
10 01
6t
hA ve nu e
02 04
13 11
A’
Residential 03 05 12
Retial
St
re e
t
By the overlap parti, the program is set for varies people and time. The playground for children(02) is overlap with the circulation and combine the sitting area for community. The skateboard park(08) is respond to the existing skateboard store(09). It overlap the program of bus waiting which is the main use of the site. By the soften idea, all the edge in the site is flat and without obstacles. People can go through each area and doing different activities. Moreover, the movable furniture also invite people to occupy different area and stay at the site.
Retail + Residential
A
The issue of this site is how to provide a place with for potential activities for surrounding users, and how to solve the complicate traffic situation. By using the parti of penetrate, the circulation is extended to attract people to use the space. In addition, the surrounding program such as reading, chatting and resting are also penetrate into site and provide the space as movable bench(03) and activity hall(05).
Retail
Aurora Avenue
Site I This site is locate at the south of Denny Way, and between the 6th Avenue and Dexter Avenue. The Denny Park is at the opposite side of the east-north corner. There are two colleges at the south side of the site. The north side is residential and retails. The exist use of the site is partial parking lots with vacant lots. The future plan is a 4 story residential house.
W all
B
City University of Seattle Antioch University Seattle
L O C AT I ON
S ITE PL AN 01 community lawn 02 playground 03 movable bench 04 entry plaza 05 activity hill 06 elephant sign plaza 07 bus plaza 08 skateboard park 09 skateboard shop 10 basketball court 11 flexible use lawn 12 street event 13 workshop 14 retail + residential
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
SECT ION A-A’
buffering grass
ketball , bas top s s bu
skat ebo ard
skateboard lope, fac rd s ilit a y, bo te
pla yg ro u
s
oard facility, b u ateb s sto p,
lay facilities nd, p , 511 rou g ye y a a l p
training row g , old
playground
, sk pe lo
rs
pathway
ground, play play f a cili ad tie , sn s nd
p, community clas sho s, t k r ea o c ,w
wo rk sh o
class, teach i unity n g in mm te co r p,
p, study rnshi nte i ng hi
community lawn
, play grou n rs old d , sn yea ad -11 ,5
retail + residential
rt, resting s ll cou p a ce, tba sk ske a ba
street cafe
event, yoga c l a s ory s ro , st om hip ns
SECT ION B-B’
elephant sigh
activity lawn
workshop
flexible use lawn
pathway
skateboard park
bus station
Connect / Community
Taylor Avenue N
Site II This site is locate at the south of Denny Way, between 5th Avenue and Vine Street. It is surrounding by retail and residential buildings. The monorail is passing by on the 5th Avenue, which create a unique view for the site.
Residential
Retail
Residential
The issue for the site is the fragmentation. Taylor Avenue, which has low traffic happened, cuts the site into two pieces and make the area have no chance for activities,
Retail
Denny Way
Since there will have new residential buildings along Taylor Avenue and the circulation in lake-bay loop, Taylor Avenue is become are pedestrian friendly road, and the use of cars will be reduce. I closed the road and make it as a community park to serve the surrounding users.
01 05
02 04
06
03
07
Restaurant + Residential
The program at the site will overlap by different altitude. On the rooftop will be urban agriculture(05), at the first floor will be restaurant(06), on the top of the market(02) will be roof garden and a grass slope for view watching and resting.
St
re e
Retail + Residential
Vi
ne
hA ve nu e
t
5t
Retail + Residential
Residential
L O C AT I ON
S ITE PL AN 01 observation grass slope 02 public market 03 roof garden 04 community plaza 05 urban agriculture 06 street cafe 07 wetland
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
SECT ION
monorail
entry plaza
observation lawn
public market
playground
wetland
pathway
retail + residential + farm
The identity for this site as in between exhibition and office area is art and rest. Providing area that allow workers to rest at lunch time or after work, and attracting tourists from Seattle Center will be the main program.
ART / REST 01 entry plaza
10 multi-function plaza
02 mount pathway
11 multi-function lawn
03 art plaza
12 temp. street food court
04 art slope
13 art island
Seattle Center
01
05 temp. street market 06 bike share station
02
07 forest pathway
Retail + Office 1 + 2 story
Site III The site is locate between Broad Street, 4th Avenue, 3rd Avenue, and Clay Street. It next to the Seattle Center, and surrounded by office buildings. The existing use is parking lots and some suburban style buildings.
08 art hill 09 outdoor stage
St re e
t
The strategy is extending the street pattern to the site to attract people, overlap different programs by movable furniture and temporary events, and soften the circulation pattern to create blur edges to encourage interactions.
03
d Br oa
In addition, the site is at the south east entrance of Seattle Center, it is a great chance to create a entry feeling at the intersection of Broad Street and Denny Way. I proposed three multifunctional art installation at the three corner to become a entrance image.
Denny Way
05
Retail + Office 4th Avenue
Pacific Science Center
04
Denny Way
Denny Way
13
06 Residential
08
07 09 11
Office
4t
hA ve nu e
Cl
L OC AT I ON
t
Re t + ail + 2 sto Offi ry ce
tre e
1
ay S
3r dA ve nu e
R 1 etai + l+ 2 sto Of ry fice
Br oa
d
St
re et
10
Residential
12
Residential Office
S ITE PL AN
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Create entry gate feeling
Provide resting space
M AK I N G T H E INV ISIBLE V ISIBLE :
U R B A N I N T E R V E N T I O N A N D G E N T R I F I C AT I O N I N S E AT T L E ’ S L I T T L E S A I G O N KE V IN BO G L E
Little Saigon is a social, cultural, and economic hub for over 70,000 people of Vietnamese descent in the Puget Sound area. Located south of downtown, immediately bordered by Chinatown to the west, Yesler Terrace to the north, the Central District to the east, and light industrial to the south, this vibrant district serves as both a destination and a thoroughfare to thousands weekly. Little Saigon was born in the 1970s when the first wave of Vietnamese refugees opened up shops and restaurants. Previously, the area was mostly abandoned to neglect. It is an ideal location for this community as it is almost connected to Chinatown/International District, separated only by the I-5 overpass. Over the intervening decades, hardworking entrepreneurs built a thriving business district that attracts both Vietnamese and non-Vietnamese consumers to a variety of restaurants, grocers, small businesses, and service shops. Last Saturday afternoon, I took a walk up Jackson Ave. to take in the neighborhood. Beginning at I-5 and walking east I pass a fruit and vegetable grocer whose wares have begun to encroach the sidewalk in crates and on tabletops. Next door is the Buddhist shrine supply store, open by invitation only: a peek in the windows shows gilded gods and goddesses. As I walk, I hear and smell the auto traffic passing by on Jackson Avenue, a major street that serves as the shortest connection between Lake Washington and Eliot Bay. Jackson is a favorite for bicyclists as it is the smoothest gradient up First Hill, one of Seattle’s famed Seven Hills. I also notice freshly constructed streetcar tracks in the middle of the avenue: Jackson will be serviced by a new streetcar line connecting the King St. Station to Capitol Hill, with a stop in Little Saigon. Continuing, I notice long block lengths, at least 2-3 times too long. I pass by a parking lot, one of
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
dozens that cover land in this district. Parking is a necessity in Little Saigon; the diverse shops cater to the Vietnamese population from the larger Puget Sound region, drawing in people from as far afield as Olympia and Vancouver. At last count, there were 300 parking spots for a six-block area. I pass by a large stretch of abandoned buildings and vacant lots, barbwire and fences. Chain link fences hide verdant weeded lots from view, these are some of the only open ‘green’ space in the neighborhood. I pass the home-made tofu shop, Vietnamese sandwich shop, and a pho restaurant. Looking across the street, I see more grocery stores, restaurants, and small businesses. There are two known crises threatening Little Saigon’s continuing existence: within ten years the neighborhood could be gone and the Vietnamese diaspora continued. In 2011, the Livable South Downtown Rezoning changed the neighborhood’s zoning to allow building height to go up to 160’. The majority of Little Saigon is built to around 40’. In 2012, the Yesler Terrace Rezoning Proposal passed, and plans will increase residential density from 561 up to 5,000 units, add up to one million square feet of office space, up to 180,000 square feet of retail, and up to 13 high rise towers to go as high as 300’. This is just blocks north of Little Saigon, yet there is currently no plan to integrate the neighborhood into this development. Increasing height limits of a property will increase its value. The drastic up-zoning of Yesler Terrace will directly impact property values and therefor rents for small businesses. My fear, and I assume this is shared through the community, is that the developers will take a top-down approach to this new situation and attempt to bring in tenants who can pay top-dollar for retail space.
EXISTING CONDITIONS
Pacific Rim Center
Grocery and parking across Jackson
Empty lot space, 12th and Jackson
Boren Ave S.
Streetcar stop on Jackson
Jackson, Boren, and Rainier
Fenced off empty lot
A B Jackson and 12th
Parking under 1-5
Lot b/w Jackson and King Asian Counseling Service Food Bank
Japanese American Memorial Wall
Chinese Southern Baptist Mission Looking south
A-Jackson, at 10th
How How Shopping Center
Ding How Center
B- 12th, at Jackson
Top: Little Saigon is bounded by I-5 to the west, Rainier to the east, Jackson to the north and Weller to the south. Jackson and King connect pedestrians from Chinatown/International District to Little Saigon.
Major automobile/ cycling corridor First Hill Streetcar (Under construction)
I-5 is a major visual and auditory boundary between Little Saigon and the International district and, although permeable, serves as a deterrent towards pedestrian access from the west. The streetcar might alleviate this over time. Street types
Middle: The neighborhood is relatively compact, yet walking feels difficult due to long block lengths.
Bottom: The commercial/cultural attractions draw people from afar and 530 parking spots are currently a grim necessity. In the future, added parking at the Yesler Terrace redevelopment and better connections via the streetcar will alleviate the high ratio of lots to usable space.
250’
530’ Block lengths
Surface parking
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C A PSTONE PROJECT S
690’ 870’
MAKI NG T HE
Community Vision for Little Saigon
I NVI S I BLE VI S I BLE
Little Saigon 2020 Action Plan:Years 1+2
CULTURAL Build Vietnamese Cultural Center Develop Little Saigon into center for VietnameseAmerican arts, history, and culture Preserve the stories and history of Vietnamese refugee experience Share vietnamese culture with broader community through regular events
SOCIAL Build affordable family and senior housing Increase community-based organizational capacity Advocate for medium-rise desnsity to presrve neighborhood feel Advocate for more direct transit connections with major VietnameseAmerican population centers Develop open space and parks
Within Little Saigon, a majority of activity happens behind closed doors within the many businesses that form the neighborhood. Much of what makes the neighborhood unique and alive is invisible to passersby, hidden behind the generic strip-mall building facades.
ECONOMIC Build affordable commercial space Business assistance and access to financing Develop centralized parking structure Create more opportunities for micro-enterprises Limit building heights to 65’
The over arching strategy is to extract the cultural richness hidden from public view by creating a series of public and open spaces. The hope is that, by exposing what makes this community valuable to the public and developers, the value will then increase and allow the community to thrive in the face of economic gentrification.
MARKET OPEN SPACE MID-BLOCK PASS PHASE 2 PROJECTS Proposed interventions
Top: Currently, small businesses, restaurants, groceries, and service shops are isolated from one another, keeping social connections contained and contributing to an environment where a visitor parks, goes to one or two shops, and leaves. Business owners are pinned to their shops, battling to stay alive and unable to organize to advocate and engage on the communities behalf. Bottom: Through the conversion of above ground parking into an ad hoc marketplace, the neighborhood ecosystem moves into a more distributed form. The design, control, and participation in the new space brings previously siloed community members into a community controlled open space. The range of interactions between business owners amongst themselves and with new customers increases dramatically, as does visibility to the public -- and to the developers.
94
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
THE MARKET The vacant lots on Jackson, between 10th and 12th, are the most likely location for the future Little Saigon Landmark Project. This proposed project will be a mixed-use commercial, community services, cultural, and residential center aiming to serve the Vietnamese community and is proposed to be built within the next decade. This project is still years away from funding and construction. A more immediate intervention would provide multiple benefits to current and new business owners including: secondary income; more public visibility; adjusting to changes in demographics as they occur; and paving the way for the Landmark Project. The Market would be a year-round open air market with covered space and heat lamps in the winter and plenty of outdoor seating for summer. The stalls would eventually be integrated into future development; shopkeepers would be making an investment for a future in the neighborhood.
The Market in Spring
Elevated planting beds
96
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
+
Outdoor performance space
+
Ad hoc market stalls
+
Unused open space
From unused space...
...to open air market...
...to incorporation in future development!
Once new development begins, the outdoor marketplace will be incorporated into new facilities.
98
C A PSTONE PROJECT S
THE C O RNER L OT Little Saigon has a complete absence of open, public gathering space, despite the heavy pedestrian and commercial qualities of the neighborhood. The abundance of surface parking, often not optimally used, provides opportunities for cheap and quick introduction of public open gathering space. The corner of 12th and Jackson is an obvious location for phase one. The awkward corner of this parking lot makes it difficult for cars to enter the final two spaces, leaving them empty during busy hours. Seating could benefit the restaurant, as people would have a place to eat take away. There is a bus stop very near which has limited seating. Other options are across 12th, in front of the foot massage and deli’s, and further west on Jackson in front of a grocer.
Bright umbrellas catch the eye while shrubs offer protection from traffic.
1 0 0 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Planting, seating, and new paving provide inviting open space
THE MID-BLOCK CONNECT ION The long east-west block lengths of Little Saigon give the feeling that the neighborhood is far less walkable than surrounding areas, and reduces mobility between businesses on Jackson and King. There is a mid-block parking lot between Rainier and 12th Ave. that, if opened up, would serve to connect a crosswalk and new streetcar stop with Lam’s Seafood Market, a neighborhood institution. This property is currently blocked off by a chain link fence to the north with a steep slope directly south. The bulk of the property is parking. The property has recently been purchased by Seattle Parks Department and is looking for funding for development.
1 0 2 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
From unused hill to active pedestrian connection
B EYO N D T H E E DGE :
R E I M AG I N I N G S H O R E L I N E S T R E E T E N D S F O R P U B L I C AC C E S S A N D E C O L O G I C A L E N H A N C E M E N T DIANE WA L SH
This project explores a peculiar typology of public space in Seattle— shoreline street ends. Though Seattle is a city defined by its many water bodies, private development has rendered much of the shoreline inaccessible to the public. Shoreline street ends have the potential to provide public access to the broad spectrum of unique shoreline conditions resultant from natural processes and substantial human interventions. These marginal segments of right-of-way are the remnants of old roads platted into the water. The sites are often remote, neglected, or encroached upon by adjacent property owners. Shoreline street ends have the potential to be much more than entry points to physically access the water. The small-scale and intimate qualities of the sites lend themselves well to private, reflective experiences where users may be open to narratives that communicate the social and environmental transformations on-site. Additionally, there is an untapped opportunity to apply experimental technologies to address the untreated stormwater that currently contaminates most water bodies. Five sites, representing a range of common site conditions, were selected to explore the challenges and opportunities involved in site-specific design interventions that could be applied to similar shoreline street end sites. The playful, yet pragmatic, interventions aimed to improve the legibility of the sites as public space, enhance habitat, address stormwater, appropriately reflect the surrounding context, serve the needs of the immediate community, and create inviting spaces that tell compelling stories.
1 0 4 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
1 1 T H AV E N W
Analysis via photomontage The experiential qualities of each site were explored through the use of photography. 11th Ave NW felt like a space dominated by cars and garbage, and yet it possessed a wonderfully expansive view.
public right-of-way
OPPORTUNITIES Less than half of the 149 shoreline street ends have been improved as well-functioning mini parks, so there remains an enormous opportunity to punctuate Seattle’s shoreline with little gems that provide residents and visitors alike with the chance to experience one of the city’s greatest assets.
ordinary high-water mark
Improving shoreline street ends serves to reclaim public space and access to the shore, to restore sensitive shoreline habitat, to treat polluted stormwater, and to showcase the unusual character of Seattle’s diverse shorelands. Design interventions can 1) use public art as a tool for wayfinding, 2)communicate environmental narritives, 3) engage the surrounding community, and 4) use innovative environmental technologies for ecological restoration. ! !
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Lake Union
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Elliott Bay
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Lake Washington
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Duwamish River
Puget Sound
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149
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149 shoreline street ends (s.s.e.) were established by city resolution 29370 in 1996. The sites were designated for “public uses and access.”
1 0 6 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
“Roanoake Mini Park” is a wellfunctioning SSE in Eastlake. Site elements that contribute to its success include--clear signage, discernable site boundaries, appealing amenities, and a modest plant palette.
S.S.E.
designated street
Disconnected + remote
Private encroachment
Untreated stormwater runoff
Conflicts between users
Challenging wayfinding
Poor habitat quality
Marginal space
Lack of legibility
COMMON CONSTRAINTS The following images represent the wide array of typical shoreline street end challenges. The constraints are a function of physical conditions--existing topography, patterns of development, neglect, poor design-that may be altered through public awareness, artistic wayfinding, ecological restoration, and the provision of basic amenities. SSE’s are undervalued public spaces that can provide access to the shore, ecosystem services, and public awareness of past and future environmental challenges.
CON DIT IONS ADDRE S S E D B Y S H OR E L I N E S T R E E T E N D S
Gaps in usable open space
Remainder space from a 1/4 mile buffer around city parks and other open spaces
Gaps in public shoreline access
75% private 25% public Public use
Untreated stormwater runoff
Streeet watersheds
Total Seattle shoreline ~200 miles
Poor quality shoreline habitat
Degraded shoreline
1 0 8 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Environmental landscape narratives
Historic landform Present landform
Consideration of the future
Projected 30 year flood zones
SIT ES AND CONC E PT S
REVEAL
CONNECT
DESCEND
CARVE
SW Brace Pt Dr
5th Ave S
S Carver St
(FAUNTLEROY)
(SOUTH PARK)
(RAINIER BEACH)
• • • •
• Degraded habitat • Industrial • Remote
• Steep, eroded slopes • Heavily vegetated • Lack of access to the shore • Part of a larger green space
E Allison St (EAST LAKE) • Mixed residential, commercial • Highly hardscaped • Lack of legibility • Boat connections
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Residential Private character Beach access Views
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MIX 11th Ave NW (BALLARD) !
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Industrial, commercial Gradual slopes Need for identity Proximity to bike/ ped path
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Spectrum of approaches Temporary
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11th Ave NW
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Permanent
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Simple, inexpensive
Substantial, costly
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Community-driven
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Government-driven
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Aesthetic, playful
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Functional treatment
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5th Ave S
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“Natural,” highly vegetated
E Allison St
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“Built,” durable hardscape
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SW Brace Pt Dr
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Carver St
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APPROACH Selected five distinct shoreline street ends representing a range of typical conditions. Designed context-specific interventions to provide potentially replicable solutions.
CONNECT
EXPER IMENTAL FL OAT I N G WET LANDS FIFTH AVENUE SOUTH The site abuts an intact bend of the old Duwammish river before its massive rerouting during the era of industrializtion. There is a mild slope to the river’s edge that facilitates access, though the view is of anchored boats and industrial activity. The site suffers from neglect, typical of the working waterfront. The site is overrun with blackberry, pools of untreated stormwater flood the road, and bike or pedestrian amenities are nowhere to be found. Fortunately, efforts in South Park are underway to connect the industrial core with the increasingly active residential and commercial zone to the south.
1 1 0 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
5TH AVE. S . PL AN 1” = 10’
N
CONCEPT Resident interest in connecting the myriad riverfront pocket parks should be captured to create a network of points of interest along the river. The site has an interesting environmental and cultural story that could be told in a creative way with an artistic manipulation of durable, industrial materials.
2nd Ave S
Additionally, there is an enormous opportunity for ecological restoration to bring back critical shoreline habitat and to use experimental techniques to clean both the untreated stormwater from the road as well as the river itself.
IRON BEND
S Riverside Dr
7th Ave S
S Riverside Dr
CIR CULAT ION ¼ mile buffer
S EC TIO N ( L O O KING EAS T) 1” = 5’
DESCEND
ROTAT ING POET RY M A RKER
EAST CARVER STREET The steep gradient to the water typifies the shoreline along this southern section of Lake Washington. The steep slope prevents easy access to the water and the high speeds and noise pollution from the traffic along the road render the upland portion of the site unappealing to potential lingerers. The historic road has become a deafening loud thoroughfare through Rainier Valley that compells nobody to linger.
1 1 2 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
S . C ARVER S T. PL AN N
1” = 40’
1” = 10’
N
CONCEPT When land was carved away to allow valuable cargo to float from Lake Washington to Puget Sound, the level of Lake Washington dropped by 9 feet. A portion of the former lake bed was exposed to become newly created land. The lower half of the site is compromised of this land. To tell this compelling story and to draw people from the noisy street to the underutilized adjacent Chinook Beach Park, a series of staircases with 14-foot high markers could address the obstacle of the steep slope. The brightly painted markers communicate the former level of the lake through color and create visual interest with their slightly rotated position--giving pedestrians and cars alike a noticiable visual effect. Given that some people opt not to make the arduous journey to the water’s edge, the markers could provide additional intrigue by hosting rotating poetry installations.
CIR CULAT ION ¼ mile buffer
Chinook Beach Park
RAINIER SLIDE
SECTION (LOOKING NW) SE Lake Washington Bicycle route
1” = 10’
CARVE
B O L L ARDS WITH P ERVIO U S PAVING
EAST ALLISON STREET A series of pocket parks dot the shorelines of Lake Union in Eastlake, connected by the Cheshiahud loop. The parks offer a wide array of amenities, each slightly different than the next. With its gradual slope to the water and visually accessible location, this site is well-suited to provide a public access piont with a physical connection to the water. The hardscaped site currently functions as parking for the residents of the nearby cottages. Impervious paving lines the entire roadway from the steep descent off of Eastlake Avenue to the water’s edge. In heavy rains, the untreated stormwater likely flows directly into Lake Union via East Allison Street.
1 1 4 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
E. AL L IS O N S T. PL AN 1” = 10’
N
Portage Bay Parks South Passage Point Park
Good Turn Park
ALLISON’S LANDING
CONCEPT The site is already well-positioned to become a part of the vibrant network of connected shoreline mini parks, but needs clear visual cues that communicate its public nature and welcome potential visitors. The hard edge is pulled back to incorporate seating, stormwater treatment, and an aesthetic softened by plants. Design elements include decorative native plants, large sitting steps, and a low-profile, functional bounding edge of pervious paving stones.
Fairview Park Waterway 11
Cheshiahud Lake Union Loop
CIR CULAT ION ¼ mile buffer
S EC TIO N ( L O O KING NO RTH) 1” = 5’
MIX
“BOAT LIF T ” SWIN G S
11TH AVENUE NW One of the site’s greatest assets is its close proximity to the BurkeGilman path. Additionally, the gradual slope makes physical access to the water achievable and presents no obstacle to passers-by who may be inclined to take a quick detour to the water. The mixed industrial/commercial context is a boon for activation, but a potential hindrance as recreational uses meet the working waterfront. The site is currently littered with trash, home to invasive species, and primarily functions as parking for the adjacent businesses.
1 1 6 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
11TH AVE. NW PL AN 1” = 40’
N
CONCEPT Reclaimed industrial materials serve as design elements that suit the context while providing a sense of identity. Visibility from the Burke-Gilman is aided with large, provocative red swings inspired by boat lifts. These swings provide intrigue and functional, yet playful, seating.
14th Ave Boat Launch
UPLIFT PARK
Burke-Gilman
CIRCULAT ION ¼ mile buffer
SECT ION (LOOKING S E ) 1” = 5’
Fauntleroy Ferry
REVEAL 45th Ave SW
PSAI-YAH-HUS
SW BRACE POINT DR Located along the shores of Lake Washington, this SSE has a spectacular view of the Olympic mountains, proximity to the Fauntleroy ferry, and great water access by way of a clean, sandy beach. The winding, narrow road that leads to the street end provides an additional feeling of discovery.
SW Roxbury St
Its secluded nature gives the site a “secret” feel, but also makes it difficult to find for those who may not already know its whereabouts. The already unintuitive access may be further hampered by the site’s potentially discouraging appearance as private property, sandwiched in a confined space between two homes.
C IRC U L ATIO N ¼ MIL E BU F F ER
CONCEPT The site needs little improvement and, in fact, demands a measure of restraint to preserve its spectacular inherent qualities (e.g. driftwood that piles up and forms natural seating). Instead, the discovery (or “revealing”) of the site can be emphasized through discreet wayfinding markers that tell a story of their own--the phytoplankton and zooplankton that ordinarily escape notice.
WAY F I N D I N G
1 1 8 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
SW BR ACE PT PLA N
1” = 20’
N
C ATA LY T I C C ONNE C TIV ITY D UWA M I S H R I V E R , S E AT T LE YUTIN G L IN
People and the Duwamish river used to be very close, people relied on the waterfront and used it all the time. They fishing, boating, and hanging. In the past, the Duwamish river not only gave all of things that people need. Also, it provided a rich habitat for wildlife. After 1913s, the Duwamish villages have been occupied by industrial zone. Since pollution has been entering the Duwamish River for over 100 years from many different sources, river has been seen as a symbolism of dangerous. The environment does not good enough for wildlife either. The project’s goals are trying to reconnect the relationship between the Duwamish river and people and wildlife, also bring the activities and memories back that people used to do and have. First of all, based on the analysis of open space, public ownership, existing proposal, and access location, the shoreline could be categorized into 3 different types. Then, based on the data of intertidal and land-use, the proposed plan could be classified as two categories. Three locations was chose by all data analysis above, Kellogg Island, Georgetown, and South park. According to the different environment and situation, three locations have different development strategies and timeline, and the main step would be deal with the existing pollution in river and soil, and the develop proposal could be scheduled by three steps: 1. Deal with the contaminant. Collected data: PCB, cPAF, Toxic metals. 2. Land-use transformation. Collected data: Warehouse/ Retail office, IG1/ IG2, Transportation/ Utilities/ Communication. 3. Bring activities (for human being and wildlife) back.
1 2 0 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
Kellogg Island has rich intertidal and habitat; It is a good habitat for sandpipers, salmon, and different wild life. In the short term, focus on maintain and complete the habitat, and not allow human being to get to the island. In the long term, limit the number of people to close to the island every day, and people will have chance to learn and enjoy the natural. Georgetown and South park are very important residential area, both were focused more on the waterfront recreational and accessible for people. Georgetown is a small village and surrounded by industrial zone 1 and zone 2. By data analysis of contaminants, the big issue in Georgetown is pollution. Therefore, in the short term, dealing with different contaminants would be step one. After that, with the land use change in the future, library, public building, retail and restaurants will happen and attract more people. Also, the bridge that connects Georgetown and South park would be built, and affordable houses could be provided for grow-up population in the long term. South Park has not so much pollutant soil as Georgetown. In the short term, complete the eco-system in the community would be the first step, bio-swale and rain garden. After that, create an accessible waterfront by using the street ends. Extend the street into the river area, and recreate the new route for people to walk along the Duwamish River, also guide people to access to the river from the community. Three different spots along the Duwamish Rive be connected by the new route: Waterway Park, fishing pier, and civic plaza park. They provide various kind of recreation for community and visitors.
MASTER PLAN
W ETLAND
P- PATCH
Wetland
H ABITAT I SLAND
C IVIC P LAZA AND L IBRARY
P-Patch
R EMEDIATION TECH N EW G EROGETOWN
H ABITAT ISLAND
C IVIC F ARM B RIDGE G ARDEN
C IVIC FARM
G REEN I NDUSTRIAL
C IVIC P LAZA P ARK
Habitat
J OGGING TRAIL
S EA LION
SHORELINE CATEGORY
SHORELINE CATEGORY -O PPORTUNITIES
-E XISTING P ROPOSAL
-A CCESS L OCATION
-P ROPOSED L OCATION
Duwamish/ Diagonal
Wetlands Construction
O PEN SPACE P ARK V ACANT P UBLIC OWNERSHIP O VERLAY ZONE
Slip4 Boeing Plant 2/ Jorgesen Forge
H UBS P OCKETS C ORRIDOR
C OMPLETED P ROPOSAL
A CCESS LOCATION
PROPOSED LOCATION CATEGORY -I NTERTIDAL
-M AINLY R ESIDENTIAL
-I NDUSTRIAL Z ONE
-P ROPOSAL
IC
IG1
Georgetown IG2 IB South Park
P ROPOSAL LOCATION
P ROPOSAL LOCATION
I NTERTIDAL ZONE
M AINLY RESIDENTAIL ZONE
1 2 2 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
P ROPOSAL LOCATION IG1 ( GENERAL ) IG2 ( GENERAL ) IC ( COMMERCIAL ) IB ( BUFFER )
W ATERFRONT RECREATIONAL ACCESS H ABITAT RESTORATION
POLLUTANT -PCB
- C PAH
>810 210 - 810
>1100 480-1100
-T OXIC M ETALS
>25 14- 25
-O VERLAY ZONE
BAD NORMAL SPOTS
LAND USE -W AREHOUSE +R ETAIL / O FFICE
-I NDUSTRIAL Z ONE
-T RANSPORTATION / U TILITIES / C OMMUNICATION
-O VERLAY ZONE
T RANSPORTATION I NDUSTRAIL W AREHOUSE
Choose four different remediation tech to apply, and combine Tech with design. BIOREMEDIATION- Biopiles Biopiles are a form of soil composting that use existing soil microbes to break down contaminants. MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION Scientific monitoring is needed to ensure remediation is taking place in a way that is not harmful to people or nearby ecosystems. Computer modeling of data is often necessary to understand the change in contaminant levels over time. CAP AND FILL The cap and fill approach to dealing with contaminated sites involves the removal of toxic soil that comes in direct contact with people. PHYTOREMEDIATION/ MYCOREMEDIATION Plants can break down some toxins into harmless chemicals. Also, other toxins can be removed by harvesting the plants. The process is affordable but slow. Least invasive and most attractive techniques
STRATEGIES- REMEDIATION TECH
BIOREMEDIATIONBIOPILES I MPERMEABLE S OIL A IR T ARP C OVER B LOWER AND W ATER P UMP
0
C ONTAMINATED S OIL
Contaminated soil is piled around porous PVC pipes and irrigation hoses. L EACHATE 10
4’-5’
6’-10’
C ONTAMINATED SOIL L IQUID F ERTILIZER S TRAW C ALCIUM C HLORIDE F ILTER F ABRIC G RAVEL
MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION
20
R EUSE W AREHOUSE
30
CAP AND FILL
C LEAN S OIL F ILL C ONCRETE C AP C ONTAMINATED S OIL
40
PHYTOREMEDIATION/ MYCOREMEDIATION
Toxins are broken down and released as harmless elements.
50
Toxins are absorbed by the rootsToxins Does not work below root zone T ARGET POLLUTANTS - A IR P ARTICULATES , PCB S 60
1 2 4 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
- H EAVY M ETALS - PCB S
18%
LAND USE TRANSFORMATION ANALYSIS
WAREHOUSE
BEFORE
RETAIL/ OFFICE
AFTER
21%
The Duwamish Manufacturing Industrial Center (M/IC) has been in industrial use for over 100 years and functions as the city’s principal industrial area. Duwamish is a major international trade hub, receiving and distributing goods via roadway, water, rail and air. It covers nearly 5,000 acres, nearly 84% of industrial-zoned land in the city. 93% of the land in the Duwamish is zoned Industrial General 1 (1,965 acres/51%) or Industrial General 2 (1,595 acres/42%). Industrial land is used less for manufacturing and more for storage and repair as well as production.
INDUSTRIAL GENERAL 1
Transportation is the most common use on industrial land in Seattle, followed by warehousing and then by manufacturing.
INDUSTRIAL GENERAL 2
BEFORE
AFTER
39%
TRANSPORTATION/ UTILITIES/ COMMUNICATION
WAREHOUSE/ RETAIL/ OFFICE - Easiest to be changed in a short term. - Structures provide different kind of uses, cultural exhibition, civic events, or flea market. IG1 The intent of the IG1 zone is to protect marine and railrelated industrial areas from an inappropriate level of unrelated retail and commercial uses by limiting these uses to a density or size limit lower than that allowed for industrial uses. - Could be changed in long term. - Structures provide different kind of uses, exhibition gallery, museum, workshop.
BEFORE
V ACANT E ASY N ORMAL H ARD
AFTER
TRANSPORTATION/ UTILITIES/ COMMUNICATION - Hard to change. - Planting plants and built the bio-swale around the edge of the parking space. As a result, the pollutant will not go into the waterbody directly.
Based on the analysis, the intertidal around Kellogg island is very rich and tones of species grow in this area. It is a good habitat for sandpipers, salmon, and different wild life. In the short term, focus on maintain and complete the habitat, and not allow human being to get to the island. In the long term, limit the number of people to close to the island every day, and people will have chance to learn and enjoy the natual.
ZONE 1- KELLOGG ISLAND I SLAND INVERTEBRATES
1 MUD SOIL PLANTS
PHASE 1
PHASE 2 1. P ARK
NEMATODES
BIRDS ARTHROPODS
PHASE 3 B OARDWALK T RAIL P OND D ECK
ORGANIC MATTER
BACTERIA
ANIMALS
SITE PHASING STRATEGY PHASE 1 (0-5y) Create the biking and jogging trail. PHASE 2 (5-20y) Design new park1. Build the observation decks. PHASE 3 (20-40y) Build the wetland around. Provide a small walking bridge. Create a small trail.
TIMELINE
0
5
10
20
30
40
0
5
10
20
30
40
CLEAN-UP wetland COMMUNITIES USES viewing bike/ jogging green space nature class fishing
1 2 6 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
ZONE 2- GEORGETOWN
12
TECH- CAP & FILL
RESTAURANTS
10
7 3
RETAIL
13
6
LIBRARY
2 1
17
4
PUBLIC BUILDING
9
14
15 8 TECH- MONITORED
11
TECH- MONITORED
TECH- BIOPILES
5
TECH- BIO-SWALE
TECH- CAP & FILL
16
1 F LOATING ISLAND 2 G REEN ROOF 3 P OND 4 O BSERVATION PIER 5 J OGGING TRAIL 6 C IVIC PLAZA 7 F ISHING DECK 8 L AWN 9 B ENCHES AREA 10 G RASS HILL 11 G RAVEL PATH 12 A FFORDABLE HOUSES 13 G RASS HILL 14 R EMAIN OF RAIL TRAIL 15 D ECK 16 W ALKING BRIDGE 17 H ISTORICAL TRAIL
Georgetown is a small village and surrounded by industrial zone 1 and zone 2. By data analysis of contaminants, the big issue in Georgetown is pollution. Therefore, in the short term, dealing with different contaminants would be step one. After that, with the land use change in the future, library, public building, retail and restaurants will happen and attract more people. Also, the bridge that connects Georgetown and South park would be built, and affordable houses could be provided for growup population in the long term.
2 1
2
PHASE 1 1. B IOPILE 2. B IO - SWALE
2 3
1 2
1
PHASE 2 1. B IOPILE 2. C AP AND HILL 3. N EW PARK WITH POND
PHASE 3 1. B IOPILE 2. A FFORDABLE HOUSES
SITE PHASING STRATEGY PHASE 1 (0-5y) Extend the existing green space. Develop the Biopile area. Build bio-swale around parking area. Create the biking and jogging trail. Build some observation decks. PHASE 2 (5-20y) Extend the existing green space. Develop the Biopile area. Create the biking and jogging trail. Design new park. Build the jogging trail along the river. Change the landuse and reuse the warehouses. PHASE 3 (20-40y) Extend the existing green space. Develop the Biopile area. Create the biking and jogging trail. Develop the affording house area. Build the other jogging trail along the river. Change the landuse and reuse the warehouses. Build the bridge for people to go.
TIMELINE CLEAN-UP biopile cap & fill wetland bio-swale
0
5
10
20
clean soil clean soil
30
clean soil
40
clean soil
COMMUNITIES USES viewing jogging work shop green space access to the river fishing kayaks BUILDING TYPE monitored community center restaurants library affordable house bridge
1 2 8 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
0
5
10
20
30
40
J OGGING T RIAL
O BSERVATION D ECK
F ISHING D ECK
B OARDWALK
L AWN
Pond
W ETLAND
G RASS H ILL
G RASS H ILL
South Park has not so much pollutant soil as Georgetown. In the short term, complete the ecosystem in the community would be the first step, bio-swale and rain garden. After that, create an accessible waterfront by using the street ends.
ZONE 3- SOUTH PARK
8
WATERWAY PARK
Extend the street into the river area, and recreate the new route for people to walk along the Duwamish River, also guide people to access to the river from the community. Three different spots along the Duwamish Rive be connected by the new route: Waterway Park, fishing pier, and civic plaza park. They provide various kind of recreation for community and visitors.
1
2
Four different spots along the Duwamish Rive be connected by the new route, Waterway Park, fishing pier, public pier, and civic plaza park. They provide various kind of recreation for community and visitors.
EXISTING R OUTE S IDEWALK
6
G RID
B US R OUTE
S TREET E NDS
3
4 5
FISHING PIER
Few people use the street ends since those buildings around street ends are private and there are no enough space for people to hang in there now, even though the streets are public for everybody. Therefore, provide a complete function space would be very attractive.
PUBLIC PIER
9
SO
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CIVIC PLAZA PARK
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1 3 0 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
B IKE
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PAR
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BRI
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1 G REEN A REA 2 J OGGING F OOTPATH 3 F ISHING D OCK 4 P OSTS 5 F LOATING TIRES 6 B OARDWALK 7 T RAIL 8 T IMBER D ECK 9 B IKE L ANE / P EDESTRIAN
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
B OARDWALK
SITE PHASING STRATEGY PHASE 1 (0-5y) Build bio-swale along the street. Encourage people to build rain garden in their yard. Create biking and jogging trail. Maintain the existing green space. Extend the street ends to the river area. Build some observation decks. Provide farmer market and flea market. Provide floating farm.
PHASE 3
F LOATING F ARM
P OSTS
PHASE 2 (5-20y) Create the biking and jogging trail. Connect the boardwalk that extend from the street ends. Build floating wetlands along the waterway. Redesign the existing parks. Provide farmer market and flea market.
PUBLIC PIER
PHASE 3 (20-40y) Build the public boating pier. Build the community center. Provide beach area.
TIMELINE
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CLEAN-UP bio-swale rain garden wetland floating wetland floating farm COMMUNITIES USES viewing jogging (along river) work shop green space access to the river annual festival flea/ farmer market fishing kayak beach
- Civic Plaza Park PUBLIC PIER
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Sou th P ark B ridge
Species observed at the South Park and on the Duwamish River. For instance, Red Eared Slider Turtle, Dungeness Crab, River Otter, Beaver, Red Leg Frog, Harbor seals, Salmon, Eagle, Falcon, American Widgeon and so on.
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Civic Plaza Park
1 3 2 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
14th Ave
Dall
1 F OOTPATH 2 B OARDWALK 3 P UBLIC B OATING P LACE 4 B EACH 5 P UBLIC SEMI - OPEN F ACILITY 6 E XISING R AIN G ARDEN 7 H OLIDAY M ARKET 8 C IVIC P LAZA 9 A CCESS P ATH 10 W ETLANDS 11 S CULPTURE P LAZA 12 F LOATING F ARM 13 P OSTS FOR B IRDS
B OARDWALK
W ETLAND
P OSTS
P UBLIC F ACILITY
G REEN R OOF
Redesign the topography from a big lawn to a flat slope. Since the street nearby the park is a sub-basin, the groundwater would be collected and flow into this park, then goes down to the filtering system and the wetland. Keep the existing activities, BBQ, picnic, and the exhibition. Also provide more ecological function to filter the ground water from the residential and industrial area by topography.
- Waterway Park
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Fishing Pier Foating Farm
1 3 4 C A PSTONE PROJECT S
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1 Floating Island 2 Wetland 3 Observation Deck 4 Timber Deck 5 Boardwalk 6 Festival Plaza 7 Sitting Area 8 Lawn 9 Grassy Slope 10 Filtering System 11 Small Mound 12 Outdoor Terrace Classroom 13 Tree Battle Formation
Based on the land-use abound, keep the activities far away from the residents, people can fishing or boating along the boardwalk. Floating Farm - Local Food The South Park neighborhood lacks abundant supplies of fresh local farm produce. They do not have major nearby grocery stores.
- Fishing Pier
F ISHING P IER
B ENCHES A REA
F LOATING T IRES
F LOATING G ARDENS
- Waterway Park
F ISHING P IER
S LOPING L AWN
T RAIL
P OST
W ETLAND
1 3 6 C R EDIT S
CRED ITS Department of Landscape Architecture College of Built Environments University of Washington Instructor: Jeff Hou, PhD, ASLA; Students: Kevin Bogle, Nancy Chan, Shu-Kuei (Tako) Hsu, Yuting Lin, Jonathan S. Pagรกn, Diane Walsh, Hsien-Ai (Ivy) Wang, Kei-Sing Yiu Book Design: Nancy Chan Book Assembly: Nancy Chan & Diane Walsh
Department of Landscape Architecture College of Built Environments University of Washington