Military Training International September 2016

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies issue September 2016 • Volume 21 • Issue 5

Military training, modeling and simulation solutions with a global perspective

Inside This Issue...

Fires Simulation Page 26

Marksmanship Simulations Page 30

International Vector: Lieutenant General Na Sang-woong Commander Training and Doctrine Command Republic of Korea

Q&A With

Colonel Walt Yates Program Manager for Training Systems U.S. Marine Corps Training System

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2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies

Global simulation and training, driven by companies at the leading edge in their fields, are constantly innovating technologies and processes that produce better results, lower the direct and indirect costs, and better shape today’s agile forces. Each year, Military Training International gathers together the simulation and training community, assesses their contributions and produces our industry-recognized Top Simulation & Training Companies list. We also go further by recognizing companies for their specific achievements in areas such as Best Programs, High Revenue, Innovation and Up and Coming.

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September 2016 • Volume 21 Issue 5

Table of Contents Departments

Q&A with Colonel Walt Yates Program Manager for Training Systems U.S. Marine Corps Training System

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Program Highlights people Resource Center TEAM ORLANDO

Fires Simulation Call for fires is a mission critical skill. Using an immersive environment allows the warfighter to feel they are out in the field when they are actually just in a simulated environment that replicates being in the field. They have the benefit of using simulated military equipment which allows students to experience the same fit, form and function of actual tactical devices.

By Patrick Clarke

Practice, Practice, Then Shoot Marksmanship training is the foundation of ground war and requires the best training soldiers can be given. Increasingly, best-practice marksmanship training combines both simulated shooting in virtual environments with firing of real weapons on ranges.

By Henry Canaday

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International Vector

Lieutenant General Na Sang-woong Commander Training and Doctrine Command Republic of Korea

Program Highlights Royal Brunei Air Force Pilots Complete Training, Receive Wings

Commander of the Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAirF), Brigadier General Dato Seri Pahlawan Shahril Anwar bin Haji Ma’awiah recently presented four RBAirF officers with their wings, marking the completion of their training and the start of their flying career at No.1 Wing. The event took place at the RBAirF Headquarters, Rimba.

The recipients were Lieutenant Mohd Nazmi bin Nasrudin and Lieutenant Mohd Aliff bin Haji Zulkifli, both completed their Elementary Flying Training and Single Engine Rotary Wing training at RAF Cranwell and RAF Shawbury of the United Kingdom respectively; and Lieutenant Abdul Haqim bin Haji Yahya and Lieutenant Muhd Harith bin Haji Edin who completed their Initial entry rotary wing and UH60A/L Black Hawk Track Course at Fort Rucker, Ala.

Texas National Guard Takes on Chilean Mountain School

In August, 21 Texas National members successfully completed the grueling Escuela de Montaña Chilean Mountain School short course.

Sergeant Elizabeth Pena reported that, according to First Lieutenant Michael A. Affeldt, scout platoon leader of the 1st Battalion (Airborne) 143rd Infantry Regiment and officer in charge, the course is a condensed two-week 2 | MTI 21.5

version of the school’s four-month-long mountain warfare course.

To qualify for the course, which tests basic competencies on movement, maneuvering and life-saving techniques in spring and winter mountain terrain, the Guardsmen had to score at least a 290 on the Army Physical Fitness Test, speak Spanish, and have previous experience in cold weather and mountain terrain.

The Texas Military Department is scheduled to host their Chilean partners this November for search and rescue training at Camp Mabry in Austin, Texas.

First Delivered Engagement Skills Trainer

U.S. Army soldiers from the 316th Cavalry Brigade have been training on the first delivered Engagement Skills Trainer (EST) II. As an official system of record for the Army, EST II delivers best value through 3D marksmanship, automatic coaching, a tablet interface, enhanced graphics and compatibility with existing Army simulated weapons. Meggitt Training Systems was originally awarded the $99 million, five-year indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contract in 2014. Deliveries of almost 900 EST II systems will continue during the next 18 months for all active-duty Army installations worldwide, plus most National Guard and Reserve sites.

As a system of record, the program will train new and experienced soldiers in marksmanship, collective scenarios and judgmental video scenarios. Each mode provides critical training based on the skill level of the soldier or unit. The company expects significant interest from allied military forces that may have similar training requirements.

Taiwan Joint Training Management System (TJTMS) Support On 17 January 2007, the Taiwan Minister of National Defense ordered the implementation of the TJTMS as a web enabled joint training management tool to support Taiwan’s evolving

joint training program. The development of the TJTMS was completed in July 2011. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Case TW-B-ZAC was developed and implemented to provide operation and sustainment of the TJTMS in support of the Taiwan Armed Forces Joint Exercise Training Center (JETC) from November of 2011 to May of 2017.

U.S. Army PEO STRI recently released a performance work statement describing the requirements in support of a new FMS Case TW-B-ZBZ that continues the operations and sustainment of the TJTMS with some modification to TJTMS related exercise and planning support for Taiwan’s annual HK exercises and eliminates joint training instruction requirements.

The PEO STRI-prepared a sources sought performance work statement released through the Army Contracting Command seeks a contractor to support the TJTMS program.

The contractor shall provide maintenance of the TJTMS web tool and joint exercise supporting tools and support to the Taiwan JETC.

NAWCTSD Aviation Training Support Contract On August 29, Cubic Global Defense (CGD), a business unit of Cubic Corporation announced the award of a five-year, approximately $80 million task order to support aviation training for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps under the Navy’s Fielded Training Systems Support (FTSS) IV indefinite delivery indefinite quantity Multiple Award Contract. This is the first award by the Naval Air Warfare Center, Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD) using this fourth-generation IDIQ program with an estimated ceiling value of $1.75 billion.

Under the task order awarded by NAWCTSD, Cubic will provide operations and maintenance support of F/A-18 and EA-18G aviation training devices and simulators at Naval Air Station (NAS) Oceana, Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Miramar, NAS Lemoore, NAS Whidbey Island and MCAS Beaufort. In addition, Cubic instructors will provide simulator and academic classroom training for Navy and Marine Corps pilots and other aircrew at NAS Lemoore, MCAS Miramar, and NAS Whidbey Island. In an earlier FTSS II task order, Cubic provided F/A-18 pilot instructors at MCAS Beaufort.

“Cubic is proud to be partnered with Naval Aviation with this new pilot and flight officer training and support contract,” said Dave Buss, president of Cubic Global Defense. www.MTI-dhp.com

Program Highlights Cubic, which has participated in the FTSS IDIQ contracts since the original was awarded in 2000, recently announced it was one of nine companies selected to participate in the FTSS IV IDIQ MAC.

Australian Diving School Enters New Era

A new era in consolidated Navy and Army diving training has been marked by the official opening of the Australian Defence Force Diving School (ADF Diving School).

Perched on the shores of HMAS Penguin at Balmoral in Sydney Harbor, the diving school is the amalgamation of existing Navy and Army diving training facilities.

Officer in Charge, Lieutenant Commander Richard Brickacek said the opening was a significant milestone in defense diving training.

“The new school will rationalize training with common diving sets and equipment, including the new Scuba Air Mod 1,” he said.

“For example instead of two different suites of Scuba Air equipment with two sets of curriculum, courseware and planned maintenance, we can now rationalize all this training by having the common set between the two services— Navy and Army.”

“This will reduce the burden on resources to support training outcomes.”

Australian Destroyer Combat Systems Training Enhanced With destroyer NUSHIP (indicating a noncommissioned unit) Hobart set to commence contractor sea trials next month before being delivered to the Royal Australian Navy next year, many of the growing number of the ship’s company have already undertaken AEGIS combat system training in the United States.

Some of them were able to hone these skills onboard a U.S. Navy AEGIS ship while the ship was alongside in Australia last month, reported

by Warrant Officer Combat Systems Manager Chris Boardman At the invitation of Captain Charles Johnson, www.MTI-dhp.com

U.S. Navy commander of Destroyer Squadron 31, eight Hobart electronics technicians embarked USS Spruance in Darwin for a day of training.

Having previously conducted AEGIS training in the U.S., the Hobart crew enjoyed a tour of the ship before Spruance personnel provided combat systems training in the operations room.

Utilizing tailored scenarios that displayed capabilities and functionality unique to the AEGIS weapon system, the event enabled the Hobart sailors to consolidate their previous training in preparation for delivery of the first destroyer next year, affording them the opportunity to glean deeper combat system knowledge from their U.S. counterparts.

Submarine Force Opens New Trainer in Guam

that shoots propane across the ceiling, which rapidly raises the temperature inside. Training is routinely conducted around 200-300 degrees Fahrenheit, which can be reached within a couple of minutes at full burn. The MT-1000 can train two hose teams of four sailors each simultaneously and is closely monitored by staff to ensure safety and compliance with proper firefighting techniques.

The MT-1000 is specially designed to improve firefighting capabilities aboard submarines with a side watertight door and topside hatch over a vertical ladder to simulate firefighting conditions and accesses on submarines. The trainer also has moveable metal panels to simulate different scenarios and increase the difficulty.

The new facility was built by Kidde Fire Trainers, Inc. and shipped from Groton, Conn., to Guam in July. The MT-1000 has been undergoing acceptance testing throughout August and will be ready to train submariners in September.

Comms Improvement Contract for Marine Corps Mountain Warfare Training Center

Naval Submarine Training Center Pacific (NSTCP) detachment (det) Guam held a ribbon cutting ceremony on August 26, for the brand new Mobile Trainer (MT) 1000 submarine firefighting trainer on Polaris Point, Guam, reported Lieutenant Lauren Spaziano.

The MT-1000 is the hottest firefighting trainer in the U.S. Navy and can run until temperatures reach 700 degrees Fahrenheit at five feet above the deck. It is designed to train service members in both basic firefighting and responsive team training to improve the casualty response of forward deployed units in the Western Pacific.

“The addition of the MT-1000 reinforces the Navy’s commitment to ensure our submarine force is trained to the highest degree of readiness and that our crews are ready to handle emergency situations underway,” said Lieutenant Commander Jarrod Trant, NSTCP Detachment Guam officer in charge. submariners through rigorous firefighting scenarios, which provides invaluable training.”

One of the MT-1000’s two fireplaces simulates a switchboard electrical fire, and the other is a bilge fire with a flashover capability

AT&T Government Solutions Inc., Oakton, Va., has been awarded an $11.3 million firm-fixed-price contract for design and construction of five new enhanced land mobile radio communication towers in various locations throughout the Marine Corps Mountain Warfare Training Center, Bridgeport, Calif. The work to be performed provides for each communication tower to be constructed as a standalone facility in remote locations within the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Towers will range from 70 to 150 feet in height, and each tower will consist of a foundation, propane generator, solar panels and batteries, equipment shelter, fence and associated support features like halo grounding, ice bridge system and propane tanks. This project will provide a safety and communications network for personnel, training, mission critical users, and first responders. This project will provide radio frequency and cellular coverage between the installation and Coleville Military Housing area.

This project fulfills critical needs in supporting the increased communications requirements for the installation and surrounding areas.

MQ-9 Aircrew Training And Courseware Development CAE USA Inc., Tampa, Fla., has been awarded a $37.9 million modification to exercise an option on previously awarded contract FA489013-C-0104 for MQ-1 and MQ-9 aircrew training and courseware development. Work will be MTI 21.5 | 3

Program Highlights performed at Creech Air Force Base, Nevada; Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico; March Air Reserve Base, California; and Hancock Air National Guard Base, New York, and is expected to be complete by September 30, 2017.

Department of Defense, Coast Guard and 47 partner nations.

AETC Commander Visits Little Rock AFB

According to the Russian News Agency TASS, the Yoshkar-Ola-based unit of Russia`s Strategic Missile Forces (SMF) (Russian acronym: RVSN, Raketnie Voyska Strategicheskogo Naznacheniya) has received modern simulators to train specialists and crews of the RS-24 Yars (NATO SS-27 Mod 2) mobile intercontinental

Russian RS-24 Yars Simulators for Strategic Missile Forces

ballistic missile (ICBM) systems, according to the press department of the Russian Ministry of Defense.

According to the MoD, the units of SMF being re-equipped with the Yars mobile ICBM systems would receive about 100 new simulators in 2016.

“The rates of the simulators deliveries to SMF will grow. The service is planning to save about four million liters of diesel fuel through 2020, due to the wide usage of simulators,” a spokesman added. The simulators will include operational simulators for the missile system as well as the vehicle and subsystems as well. 

PEOPLE During an August visit to Little Rock Air Force Base, Ark., Air Force Lieutenant General Darryl Roberson, commander of Air Education and Training Command, witnessed how pipeline C-130 training provided by the 314th Airlift Wing ensures the success of combat airlift.

“Development of our airmen is really where airpower starts,” Roberson said. “Airpower truly starts here.”

Airman Grace Nichols reported that as the cornerstone of combat airlift, the 314th AW is the largest international flying training program in the Department of Defense. The U.S. military and coalition partners receive premier training at the 314th AW’s state-of-theart facilities that produce combat airlifters for C-130 operation. Academic training with other service branches and countries strengthen operational partnerships.

The 314th AW is the nation’s tactical airlift “Center of Excellence” and trains C-130 aircrew and maintenance members from the

The Vice President of the Republic of Ghana, Paa Kwesi Bekoe Amissah-Arthur recently expressed confidence in the newly appointed commandant of the Ghana Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Rear Admiral Seth Amoama.

Navy Rear Admiral Philip G. Howe has been nominated for appointment to the rank of vice admiral, and for assignment as associate director for military affairs, Central Intelligence Agency, McLean, Va. Howe is currently serving as president, Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island.

On August 23, Captain Michael Garrick (right in photo) relieved Captain Douglas Pfeifle (center in photo) at a change of command ceremony at the U.S. Navy Recruit Training Command. Rear Admiral Stephen Evans (left in photo), commander, Naval Service Training Command was the ceremony’s keynote speaker.

Helicopter Sea Combat Weapon School, U.S. Pacific Fleet held a change of command ceremony at Naval Air Station North Island, August 11, as Commander Frank T. Ingargiola relieved Commander. Gregory D. Mendenhall as commander of the school.

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Q&A Colonel Walt Yates graduated from Texas A&M University in 1990 with a B.S. in mechanical engineering technology and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps. Upon graduation from The Basic School he was assigned to the field artillery military occupational specialty and served ashore and deployed afloat in billets including platoon commander, fire direction officer, and battery commander and an assignment on recruiting duty.

In 2002 Yates began study at the Naval Postgraduate School in the field of modeling, virtual environments, and simulations and graduated with a Masters of Science in 2004. He was assigned to MAGTF Training Command at Twentynine Palms California where he served as the officer in charge of the Battle Simulation Center. In 2007 Yates was assigned to the staff of the Program Manager for Training Systems. In 2008 he served as the liaison officer from Marine Corps Systems Command to the command element of Multinational Force-West, Iraq before returning to his duties at PM Training Systems.

In 2011 Yates was assigned to the Systems Engineering, Interoperability, Architectures, and Technology directorate at Marine Corps Systems Command, Quantico Va., where he was assigned as the deputy for modeling and simulation and the project manager for the Framework for Assessment of Cost and Technology.

In 2013 Yates was selected as a Secretary of Defense Corporate Fellow at Norfolk Southern Corporation. Following completion of his fellowship he reported to his present assignment as the Marine Corps’ Program Manager for Training Systems in Orlando, Fla., where he was promoted to colonel. Yates is DAWIA (Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act ) certified at Level III in Information Technology and Level III for Program Management.

His previous assignments in modeling and simulation include officer in charge of the MAGTF Training Command Battle Simulation Center, M&S officer for the Program Manager for Training Systems, Assistant Program Manager for Range Training Aids, Devices and Simulators, and Deputy M&S Lead for Marine Corps Systems Command.

Colonel Walt Yates

Program Manager for Training Systems U.S. Marine Corps Training System

Q: Should the structure of PM TRASYS be adjusted to meet your anticipated demands? Is the Marine Corps training budget under stress? How are you coping with the budget you have when compared to the requirements you are expected to meet?

Yates: The Program Manager for Training System is comprised of 12 Marine billets and about 60 government civilians. Marines are subject matter experts in the training needs of their occupational specialty and are also acquisition professionals. The civilian workforce is comprised of specialists in program and project management, financing, contracting, logistics, cost analysts and various engineering disciplines with a strong background in modeling and simulation and instructional systems design.

Marine Corps Systems Command is in the process of a realignment from program offices to program portfolios. This will group similar systems acquisition programs together, aligning them to the combat elements of the Marine air-ground task force. PM TRASYS, located in Orlando, Fla., is geographically distant from the headquarters and other program offices. In terms of changes to the scope, mission or structure there are no changes planned. Training Systems will remain a direct reporting program manager to the commander since training systems span all of www.MTI-dhp.com

the elements of the Marine air-ground task force.

We are adequately resourced to provide for the current training capability with our existing portfolio of systems. In some cases we do not have funds programmed for a refurbishment or upgrade to fielded systems. We have to make the business-case that funding those upgrades and refurbishments would result in cost-avoidance and higher levels of readiness. Cost avoidance is actually a secondary priority in my opinion because training is an activity; what we really seek as the output from that activity is readiness or “mission preparedness.” In mathematical terms our job as training system developers is to maximize the readiness achieved per dollar spent on training. The best opportunities are for a new approach to training that imparts measurably greater mission performance skill in a shorter amount of time or for less money.

We have enough funding to field and sustain our training systems programs, but we also keep an updated list of priorities for how we would use additional funding to improve training capability. If I could MTI 21.5 | 5

Q&A get more funding of one type of congressional appropriation it would be research, development, test and evaluation. Our technology maturation process begins with the Office of Naval Research Code 30, which takes new technology and matures it to the point that PM TRASYS can transition it into a system ready for fielding. The Marine Corps avoids chasing technology, but the pace of technological advances, particularly in the areas of virtual and augmented reality environment, offers tremendous potential for improving the quality and availability of training.

Q: Deputy Commandant [Lieutenant General Jon] Davis testified during a House Armed Service Subcommittee on the challenges of Marine pilots who are getting less than the required number of monthly training flight hours. Does PM TRASYS have a role in developing a solution to the gap in flight hours?

Yates: As the general testified, the gap in flight hours is a serious concern to capability to maintain readiness for Marine aviation. There are skills for which no simulator can adequately substitute, but the reason we use simulations to train Marines, and aviators in particular, is not to substitute for live training in the cockpit. We want to ensure when aviators climb into the cockpit they have had the most realistic and most demanding training in a simulation beforehand. Then they can get the most out of that precious and expensive time in the cockpit. It’s rare that you hear of a prodigy who skips getting an undergraduate degree and proceeds straight to study at a graduate level. We need to use our simulators to provide the best baccalaureate-level experience so aviators are prepared to get the most out of their graduate-level learning experience in the cockpit. Graduate-level cockpit experience is measured in flight hours. The fully burdened cost of a flight hour can run into the tens of thousands of dollars even before the expenditure of any ordnance is added to the training scenario.

PM Training Systems is located adjacent to NAVAIR Warfare Center Training Systems Division, and part of the uniformed Marine structure is a liaison section assigned to NAWCTSD. That liaison is comprised of an aviation acquisition officer, a master sergeant who is a subject matter expert in aircrew training systems and two Marine Corps majors who are subject matter experts in rotary-wing and fixed-wing aviation platform training. These are WTI graduates and flight instructors with a wealth of experience in teaching aviation tactics and techniques.

As part of the reduction in the Marine Corps’ active-duty component from 202,000 to 182,000, there were reductions made to the structure of units across the Marine Corps. PM TRASYS lost the billet structure for the fixed-wing subject matter expert in the liaison section to NAWCTSD. The officer currently serving in that billet will not be back-filled when his tour is complete in 2018. I would very much like to see that billet returned to the T/O. As the F-35B Joint Strike Fighter is being fielded in the Marine Corps, the importance of having an experienced aviator serving as a liaison to NAWCTSD is a wise investment in the success of that weapon system.

Q: What are the major initiatives and programs within Aviation Training Systems?

Yates: Aviation training systems include all of the cockpit simulators by type, model and series for Marine Corps aviation platforms. Marines from the PM TRASYS aviation liaison are members of those acquisition program integrated product teams, or IPTs, at NAWCTSD. The sustainment 6 | MTI 21.5

and planned lifecycle upgrades for these systems are part of the daily business of these programs. The training simulators for the F-35B are included in that. We also have a highly respected master sergeant who is an experienced helicopter crew chief and is a member of the acquisition IPT for the Marine Common Aircrew Trainer.

A further dimension of the work being done by the aviation liaison section is mapping the connections between the Aviation Combat Element (ACE) platform assets and the Common Aviation Command and Control System into the distributed Marine Corps Training Environment, which connects live, virtual and constructive training across the Marine Corps.

The Aviation Distributed Virtual Training Environment has been providing distributed training for the ACE, but we are not working on connecting the distributed training for all of the combat elements of the MAGTF for concurrent training across the globe for major exercises.

Q: What are the priorities for Individual Training Systems?

Yates: ITS’ portfolio contains the Indoor Simulated Marksmanship Trainer, which is the most widely used training system we manage at PM TRASYS. We have over 650 ISMTs around the Corps, including Reserve units across the country and in embassies around the world. ISMT begins fielding a new generation of simulated marksmanship training capability in October 2016. The new system is based on modern virtual environments projected into the simulator with an increased number of simulated weapons and vastly improved capability to train for moving target engagement. In previous generations of the ISMT we did not have the ballistic models implemented that would allow for a shooter to put the point of aim ahead of a moving target. The new ISMT contains those ballistic models and better graphic representations.

Other priorities within the ITS portfolio for which we are seeking resources are to improve upon the capabilities and fidelity are the 96 operator-driver simulators we have fielded across the Marine Corps. Driver training simulators are not very interesting, but they are very important. Consider that the Marine Corps issues 17,000 tactical vehicle driver licenses every year, and the licensing requirement allow for the use of the ODS to accrue equivalency for road-mile experiences. This offsets the cost and risks of student drivers learning to drive vehicles such as the MTVR, MRAPs, HMMWVs and, very soon, JLTVs on range roads and public roads.

These vehicles are not very fuel efficient. The wear and tear from driving them around to train drivers are road miles and maintenance expense that we can’t use to support operations. I’d much rather add the necessary fidelity to the ODS. Then it can be mandated as the prescriptive training system prior to actually getting in the cab of a tactical vehicle and stop burning up the service life of tactical vehicles on a non-tactical use.

A driver simulator also allows for demanding and potentially dangerous driving scenarios that cannot safely be done on public roads or in actual vehicles.

If we can achieve higher skill levels in our tactical vehicle drivers at a lower cost of obtaining that readiness, it is an easy case to make that we should recapitalize the ODS that has not been upgraded or refurbished in nearly a decade. The more cost-effective readiness and reduced training impact on the maintenance of our tactical vehicle fleet will avoid a lot of cost in the long run.

I am very interested in the potential to partner with the Army’s Project Manager Training Devices on their new generation of common driver trainer (CDT). We have been discussing that idea with the PM TRADE team. The Army’s CDT will already have the functionality for the new JLTV. www.MTI-dhp.com

Q&A I believe there is a great business case for the Marine Corps to partner on this simulator with the Army for economies of scale. Then we can move to an open systems architecture that would allow for more competition in future generations of driver trainers.

Q: What are the focus areas at Training Range Systems?

Yates: Range Training Systems is preparing for the release of the request for proposals for the next atmospherics contract and the third Range Targetry Systems contract. Much of the content in these contracts is similar to previous range training contracts. We continue to focus on the open systems architecture based on the live training transformation standards and software libraries and standards such as FASIT [Future Army System of Integrated Targets] and TRACRS. There are a few new items we are describing in the capabilities for atmospherics and targetry, such as the need for non-pyrotechnic simulators for muzzle flash. While pyrotechnic solutions always carry with them safety concerns, there are indications that electric powered muzzle flash simulators are a technologically mature alternative—and that was not the case until very recently.

We are also working on completing the transition of the Augmented Immersive Team Training (AITT) mixed reality training system developed

by ONR. We are validating the training effectiveness of the prototype AITT system. We are also procuring prototypes to field to subject matter experts to gather data on what the final performance and system specification should be before we begin contracting to procure them for use across the entire Marine Corps.

AITT is a wireless kit of instrumentation worn by a Marine. It provides highly realistic visual cues through a helmet-mounted, head-mounted display to Marines on live ranges. It is connected to a control station that streams mixed reality content from a simulation environment to the helmet-mounted display, or HMD, worn by the user. By mixed reality I mean that the wearer can see everything in the real world through the HMD, but in addition they see specific elements of virtual reality overlaid on the real world. These virtual reality representations include enemy personnel and equipment—both statics and moving across the terrain, friendly forces on the ground and in the air, as well as dust, smoke and weapons effects.

AITT allows for highly realistic training of supporting arms observers and joint terminal attack controllers. This is at a cost of fractions of a penny to the dollar compared to the cost of using live aircraft, large expanses of training ranges and live ordnance for the basic practical application of skills. The system also allows the user to do things such as virtual urban close-air support. We’ve never been able to train for this really well because dropping ordnance on buildings is not a feasible way to train. AITT allows for training in built-up areas that are not even live fire ranges. Seeing the virtual effects of fires that impact behind, between and on top of actual buildings is possible with AITT. If you drop virtual ordnance on a real building, it only looks as if it’s been destroyed in the view through the HMD. Lastly, we are working with Training and Education Command as it finalizes requirements for the next generation of force-on-force simulation capability. This will follow the Instrumented-Tactical Engagement

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Q&A Simulation System II. We have experienced a dramatic increase in the use of I-TESS II. For the first time, the Integrated Training Exercises at Twentynine Palms have held training events that include the use of I-TESS for force-on-force training. In the next generation, I would like to see increased range and fidelity of hit hit-sensing for instrumented trainees as well as reduce the weight and power requirements for the batteries that power the computer and radio embedded in the I-TESS player vests. If we can design a concept that requires less range and power, it will result in less weight, less frequent battery changes and more realistic training.

Rather than putting a thousand high-power radios with heavier batteries in the field, I believe we can get the range coverage we need by carefully planning where to put mobile repeater antennas on the ranges. Even if we triple our reliance on the use of repeaters for I-TESS, it is probably still more flexible and less expensive than adding weight and power.

using CACCTUS integrates supporting arms with maneuver and the proper execution of fire support coordination procedures.

Lastly, CTS manages the Deployable Virtual Training Environment.

DVTE gives the Marine Corps the ability to train and rehearse tactical decision making skills while aboard ship, forward deployed, in garrison or the schoolhouse. The training system consists of a suite of personal computers that emulate ground or air vehicles, dismounted infantry, forward observer/forward air controller, fire direction center, and provides a stealth 3-D viewer, after-action review and a semi-autonomous force model in a common virtual environment to let Marines engage in virtual combat scenarios.

Q: How is the Marine Corps approaching LVC? Is your level of integration of LVC on par with the other services? What are your next steps in advancing LVC use?

Q: Lastly, the programs within Collective Training Systems.

Yates: Collective Training Systems acquires training systems that immerse Marine elements from crew to MAGTF in synthetic simulated training environments. The CTS portfolio consists of a suite of off-vehicle gunnery simulators in support of the assault amphibious vehicle, light armored vehicle and M1A1 tank communities. Collectively, the off-vehicle gunnery simulators are referred to as the Combat Vehicle Training System.

Another, the Combat Convoy Simulator, facilitates training for convoy tactics, techniques and procedures, use of weapons in compliance with the rules of engagement, and verification and validation of unit standard operating procedures. In addition, the CCS provides an immersive convoy operation training environment for re-supply, patrol, logistics support, high-value target extraction, medical evacuation, call for close air support and call for fire.

Currently, we are pursuing a modernization effort for hardware and software components for the CCS, which has been in service for about seven years throughout the Marine Corps. Image generators, projection systems and the fidelity of virtual simulation environments have made big advances since it was first fielded. We want to incorporate them into the next-generation system.

CTS also manages the MAGTF Tactical Warfare Simulation, or MTWS. This is the Marine Corps’ only constructive, aggregate-resolution training simulation used to support the training of Marine commanders and their battle staffs in MAGTF warfighting principles/concepts and associated command and control procedures. Over the coming years the Marine Corps plans to re-engineer the software code for MTWS to re-create the functionality using modern programming languages, modular code libraries, consistent and more thorough documentations, and an open and extensible architecture. This is necessary to continue to add new functionality to MTWS while maintaining a high level of reliability and speed in execution of the running software. Moving to modern programming languages and modular open architecture has the potential to dramatically reduce the size of the code base for MTWS. As a compliment to MTWS, the Combined Arms Command and Control Upgrade Systems provides an integrated training environment that provides combined arms staff training for all elements of the MAGTF. CACCTUS uses a modified version of OneSAF as the simulation engine, which has been expanded to include user interfaces that simplify the job of the white cell in driving the common operating picture of the training audience through their C3 systems. The focus of training conducted 8 | MTI 21.5

Yates: The Marine Corps does not have a priori preference for any mode of training. Traditionally, we have done most training in the live environment, but the rapid emergence of high-fidelity virtual and constructive simulations has offered the potential to obtain more effective and more affordable training when used correctly. We pursue a distributed capability to train in a unified overarching scenario. This links live forces in the field to virtual forces being controlled by a thinking human-inthe-loop and computer-generated forces. We want to train concurrently across the echelons from the individual rifleman to the MAGTF commander and across the combat elements of the MAGTF. By training concurrently across the elements and across the echelons, the realism of the training environment increases. When you link training in disparate locations, it allows for two execution elements such as the JTAC and a section of CAS aircraft to train together virtually.

Add to that the coordination of the direct air support control element to the scenario, and we accomplish more training tasks with basically the same amount of resources we would have needed to train just the two execution elements. The DASC performs their job by controlling the transfer of virtual aircraft to a JTAC in a domes simulator. This gives us the same level of fidelity as if both the aircraft and the controller were live and in the field.

The Marine Corps is reviewing the draft requirement document for distributed live, virtual and constructive training. The enabling network support will be necessary to connect our training systems and make them interoperable.

Q: The Marines use outside (non-organic) training services from industry sources to perform certain training requirements. How do you decide decide whether training should be organic or non-organic. How much of a role does PM TRASYS have in working through that process?

Yates: PM TRASYS contracts for several training support service contracts, but I would not consider those outside services because the program of instruction and the qualifications are strictly specified and supervised by the Marine Corps. There are specialized training services unique to small communities with niche missions. Those contracts are usually awarded by the regional contracting office for the installations where they are conducted. Our mission at PM TRASYS is to support Marine Corps-wide training systems and services requirements, which are mostly conveyed to us from TECOM. Whenever possible, training should www.MTI-dhp.com

Q&A be provided by organic uniformed instructors. It should be standardized for repeatability so it can be validated for effectiveness against an objective standard.

are not personally owned devices for which the Marine Corps would have no configuration management control.

Q: Is the balance between simulator use and live action training fairly steady right now? Do you see any shifts in that balance tilting more in favor of one option over the other?

Q: Will apps become a more prominent training tool in the future? How does the Marine Corps used this kind of technology today?

Yates: The potential for providing effective training on mobile devices could be very significant and beneficial. On the other hand, such training apps raise questions of limiting content accessibility to authorized users. We use public key encryption to authenticate the identity of users on government-owned devices, but we don’t have the same authentication with personally owned mobile devices. There are also potential security concerns over malware that could be resident on personal devices. If we develop and field an app, there are potentially other apps on the device that could skim sensitive information from the training app.

There are training apps that could be suitable for use on personal devices, but we need to ensure the content is truly unclassified and publicly releasable so it does not pose a security risk. We are taking some steps to put instructional manuals for training systems into the format of a repository of short procedural videos as a more effective means of providing user training on our systems.

On the tactical side, the PM for MAGTF Command, Control and Communications manages a program for apps accessible over governmentowned secure handheld wireless devices. The distinction is that those

Yates: In terms of the balance between the use of live training versus the use of virtual simulators or constructive simulations, Commandant General Robert Neller has stated that even if we had the funding necessary to meet training and readiness objectives in the live environment, he would still pursue capabilities in simulation-based training. That’s because it can offer highly realistic training that avoids not only cost but safety risk.

Reducing cost and safety risk means training is more accessible, and we can train more frequently. I believe that what most interests General Neller about the potential of exploiting simulation for training is that, if we employ them correctly, there is the potential to raise proficiency standards rather than merely being content to meet the existing standard more affordably. Science-fiction writer Robert Heinlein observed, “The most expensive thing in the world is a second-best military establishment, good but not good enough to win.” Approaching training with the primary objective of cost avoidance is like approaching warfare with the primary objective of avoiding casualties. The objective of warfare should be victory and the objective of training should be readiness to achieve victory. 

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W W W. D AV I D C L A R K . C O M

8/29/16 11:56 AM

MTI 21.5 | 9

International Vector An Exclusive Military Training International Q&A with

Lieutenant General Na Sang-woong Commander Training and Doctrine Command Republic of Korea

Q: Can you describe the organization of TRADOC? Do you think the current organization is optimized for the operational environment you are in or are there plans to adjust the structure and organization Na Sang-woong: ROKA TRADOC is responsible for adjusting, controlling and managing overall training and education of the ROK Army. We are doing this by managing the ROK Army’s combat development, military school education, 14 subordinate schools and two units. We also play a pivotal role in developing combat capability to maximize the current force and generate the future for us in order to transform it into an advanced elite military that ensures victories in the current and future battlefield.

Recently, we have integrated combat development organizations through reforms and reinforced subordinate schools distance learning functions. Although our organization is fully capable of carrying out any imminent mission requirements, we are tirelessly working on the best alternatives to make our organization and function more efficient and specialized. To achieve this goal we are gathering opinions from higher headquarters, research institutions and various sources to better respond to the changes in the future operational environment and complex battlefield.

need to be equipped with for that fight. We verify those needs and measures through combat experimentation. We conduct studies on doctrine and publish field manuals on the measures to prepare ourselves against the existing threats and future war.

ROKA TRADOC is also the cradle of training and education and is exclusively responsible for 250,000 soldiers annually. It is in charge of 90 percent of officers’ IMT and PME, as well as training and education for civil servants, NCOs and enlisted personnel.

We have sought to make changes in the areas of school education especially on ethics and awareness. From the existing education system where it is more teacher-centered we have come up with student-led classes where most of the classes are based on class discussions and debates. This helps our students become equipped with pride, creativity and rapid and sound thinking capability in complex battlefield situations.

All of these efforts can be accomplished when all members of ROKA TRADOC and subordinate schools cooperate together with “taking the initiative” in mind. This is a way of thinking that pushes oneself to be responsible in assigned position and rank, to innovate the organization with creative mind and viewpoint, to communicate in various ways, and to further develop organizational expertise.

Q: What are the major goals of TRADOC

Q: Has the Republic of Korea invested heavily enough in simulation systems? Do you have plans to acquire additional simulators?

Na Sang-woong: In short we are focusing on devoting ourselves to fundamental functions and roles. ROKA TRADOC is in charge of five combat development areas out of seven (DOTMLPF—doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership, personnel and facilities). These functions and roles have a significant impact in design, development, establishment initiative for the future ROK Army.

To briefly describe parts of our efforts, we suggest requirements for each combat development area after thorough study of how land forces should fight in the changing future operational environment, and what we

Na Sang-woong: ROK Army currently employs 30 different simulators. Of course, these simulators are not enough to meet our requirements.

However, we are putting forth a wide range of efforts to develop simulated training systems that can overcome our limited training resources by dedicating additional funding for simulators.

Currently, simulation systems are employed during tactical training in key areas, for example armor, artillery, air defense, engineers and aviation. In the future we are looking forward to fielding counter-WMD simulators for CBRN training and simulation.

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Therefore ROK Army TRADOC has identified additional needs in simulated training systems and established our training and employment concept.

Based on this research, we continually review our top priorities and fielding plans to develop a mid-long term comprehensive plan for LV CG—live, virtual, constructive, gaming.

Q: Staying with simulation, have you begun to integrate live, virtual constructive training applications into your training regime?

Na Sang-woong: In order to facilitate multinational combined exercises and core division level battle command training we have synchronized separate constructive systems and constructive C4I systems for training.

However, we have not yet completed intra-system synchronization meaning, for example, L-V live simulation-virtual simulation, L-C live simulation-constructive simulation, or V-C virtual simulation-constructive simulation.

We will integrate BCTP (Battle Command Training Program) training and KCTC (Korea Combat Training Center) training to facilitate integrated LVC training by 2021.

Q: Tell me about the Korea Combat Training Center. I understand there are upgrades underway. Can you outline the upgrades and do you see an enhancement to interoperability as a result?

Na Sang-woong: After its activation in April 2002 the KCTC has been providing training for about 20 battalions per year was training at a combat training center equipped with realistic training systems in professional Q: Are you satisfied with the level of investment being made in controlled environment. The training includes battle against a professional training systems and the amount of budget allocated for training?

OPFOR and free maneuver training.

Are the other services fairing any better with training budgets?

KCTC is currently preparing to establish brigade-level combat training systems. The key upgrades include expansion of engagement training Na Sang-woong: Out of the total ROK Army budget, education and training systems that enable us to conduct more realistic brigade-level combat accounts for only about 2 percent—which is quite low. This situation is training simulation. For instance indirect fire instrumentation for howitzer quite similar to that found with our sister services which draws a concluand mortars can now process firing data automatically enabling deliberate sion that may hinder improving the quality of education and training. engagement training.

There is an old Korean adage that says ‘Education is a grand design for As for interoperability, the KCTC training system is evolving into a run 100 years.’ However, the reality is that when it comes to investment and time infrastructure after careful consideration on the need for interoperabilbudgets, its priority is lower. ity with other multiple systems. Although completion of such development We are putting every effort to assure that our budget for training to does not mean ensuring immediate synchronization, the interoperability will strengthen our budget and ensure that we are meeting our ROK Army surely be significantly enhanced. For ROK-US combined exercises interoptraining needs. erability is critical to have a central control Also, we are ensuring effective use of system and engagement training equipment. our allocated budget by efficiently managing Daejeon City is continuously However, as the significance of system it and making sure that we are not wasting strengthening the partnership with stability far outweighs others, we project the dollars and cents. We especially make sure to allocate enough funds for scientific trainindustrial, academic, research and development of the combined training will take place after the systems become more ing systems to follow the changing trends military circles to create synergies stable. for the defense industry.

Q: Do you meet with the other service’s Q: Located in Daejeon City must give training chiefs on a regular basis? you great access to industry technology partners. How do you see TRADOC best leveraging industry partnerships to get the most out Na Sang-woong: This is a very critical aspect when it comes to training. of new technologies?

In order to achieve victory in current and future warfare, we should be able to synchronize our combat capabilities with her sister services. Integrated Na Sang-woong: There are many government-funded research institutes training environments and training systems should be developed accordnear the command including Korea Standard Research Institute, Korea ingly, in a way that facilitates that synchronization.

Aerospace Research Institute, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, An annual combat developer seminar with Army, Air Force and Navy Korea Electronic Communication Research Institute, and research-centered TRADOCs is hosted at each headquarters every year. By doing this, we learn universities such as KAIST. from each other, set our ways-ahead and actively reflect combat developDaejeon City is continuously strengthening the partnership with ment and doctrine parts in order to improve joint capabilities. industrial, academic, research and military circles to create synergies for The commanding generals of the Army, Air Force and Navy TRADOCs the defense industry. meet on regular basis to facilitate coordination and joint tasks. We are also Our command is putting utmost efforts to maintain exchange cooperadeveloping joint capabilities through hosting tactical discussions, displays tion with various industries, academia, research institutes and military and presentation sessions there by sharing information that is essential units to take the lead an army combat developments to generate not only to synchronization of education and training systems and improving the the requirements for weapons systems but other military systems. We are expertise of our organization www.MTI-dhp.com

MTI 21.5 | 11

establishing partnerships with these circles by hosting various events such as defense industry fairs and the Future Land Forces Symposium jointly with Daejeon City and DTaQ (Defense Agency for Technology and Quality) on an annual basis.

We are endeavoring to identify and acquire weapons system requirements to achieve low-cost and highly efficient systems. We are doing this by sharing ideas of applying cutting-edge civilian IT techniques through regular conferences with a ADD (Agency for Defense Development) and the Institute for Civil Military Cooperation and M&S Exchange with Daedeok Research Complex.

Q: As Korean demographics change, do you see that affecting how you approach training as you may be forced to do more with less?

Na Sang-woong: The personnel resource for military service is decreasing along with the declining population which is driven by low birth rate.

Therefore ROK forces will increase the proportion of officers and NCOs to conscript while relying more heavily on the state-of-the-art technology to bolster our defense.

I do not believe that the decrease in population will alter our training as we are pushing ahead with the fielding and new equipment and enhancing professionalism of officers and NCOs. However, we assess that unit training will likely to involve more integration of advanced ICT technology with simulators, MILES, and LVC training which will further strengthen small unit commanders’ rapid situational assessment and decision-making process.

Q: Military Training International recently interviewed General David Perkins commander of U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command.

They’re operating concept is “Winning in a Complex World.” How would you describe ROKA’s operating concept Na Sang-woong: At the end of March last year I had a chance to talk with General Perkins in which we shared various opinions on the U.S. Army Capstone Concept “Winning in a Complex World.” Both of us agreed that we, the Army, must continuously learn, adapt and innovate. As part of the effort the ROK Army has been researching the concept of land forces war fighting capabilities and the changing combat environment for the past few years.

As the saying goes, the outcome of war is decided by creative operational capability rather than weapon systems. The land forest war fighting concept requires a unique approach and preparation to understanding the multi-faceted battlefield environments. It must be able to secure and eliminate North Korean WMD, conduct military operations on urban terrain and carry out stabilization operations.

Moreover, the one who dominates the cyber domain will be the one to take control over the future battlefield. Considering the recent global affairs there is a growing need for tailored capability against terrorism in addition securing warfighter sustainability and developing a specialized reserve force will be the key that decides the outcome of war.

The joint and combined operational capability for developing multifaceted collaboration systems will be the decisive factor that would enable us to achieve multiplier effects in combat strength. Therefore, we are further developing training systems by reorganizing units to fit in various expected future operations through development of tailored scientific training systems and taking an active role in CPX/LVC training.

Q: You recently visited U.S. Army TRADOC. What was the purpose of the visit and what were the most important outcomes from your visit?

12 | MTI 21.5

Na Sang-woong: In March (2016) I paid a visit to the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC), TRADOC and its subordinate units which was a good chance for me to look into the development of the U.S. Army in person. I was deeply impressed with General Perkins and the commanders of each center for their objectives and vision for the future especially appreciated conversations regarding characteristics of future battle environment and it would that it will be hybrid and complex. I also noted that it was important for me to adopt U.S. training systems which facilitate harder and more challenging scenarios that will help overcome future battlefield environment.

I think that more research and effort will be needed to apply what I learned from the visit towards the development of the ROK Army.

I would like to deliver words of appreciation to General Perkins and the commanders of each centers again for sparing your hectic schedule during my visit.

Both the ROKA and U.S. Army TRADOCs recognize the need to facilitate mutual exchanges between the ROK Army TRADOC Combat Development Department and ARCIC (Army Capabilities Integration Center) and between KCTC and JRTC in order to ensure expertise and combat development. In coordination with higher commands, we are working around the clock to come up with a comprehensive plan that includes all of the necessary details.

Q: Do you travel to other training command from allied countries and do you host similar visits to your command? What are the benefits of exchanges?

Na Sang-woong: We not only conduct exchange with U.S. counterparts but we actively conduct military resource and doctrine exchanges with the British and German counterparts by sending liaison officers.

However, there are many limitations when it comes to exchanges with other partner nations solely at the TRADOC level these days. We make suggestions to higher command about expanding exchange activities in developing future-oriented professionalism. In the near future we will be able to find ways to develop research skills through exchanges with our partners.

I think that military exchanges are not mere international coordination and exchanges but these are truly important to facilitate a better understanding of the environment and information about future combat organization. In light of drawing more development through coordination, I value this as one of the most important activities we do as we can learn from each other. We look forward to expanding our exchanges further.

Lastly, I want to extend my gratitude to Military Training International for your contribution to the world security and military cooperation.  www.MTI-dhp.com

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies The training and simulation environment is dynamic and complex. To meet the needs of current and future warfighters, innovation and evolution of the training and simulation systems is the accepted norm. The results of companies pushing the technology envelope are better individual and group training, lower direct and indirect costs, and the ability to bring joint and international partners together.

Each year, Military Training International reviews the global simulation and training community, assesses their contributions and produces our industryrecognized Top Simulation & Training Companies list.

We also go further by recognizing companies for their specific achievements in areas such as Best Programs, High Revenue, Innovation and Up and Coming.

3D PERCEPTION

3D perception’s Northstar ecosystem of multi-projector display technologies empowers our customers and their programs with precision automatic image alignment, automatic color calibration, and the ease of push-button operation and maintenance.

ADACEL www.adacel.com Adacel develops advanced simulation and training systems for military and commercial use and has pioneered the application of speech technology to direct voice interactive control of computer-generated entities in training systems. The company’s S&T product family includes a full suite of tools for basic and advanced ATC training, security and police training systems, flight-line driver simulators, automated ATC environments for flight simulator training and tactical voice applications.

Products range from highdefinition simulators to smaller, rapidly deployable systems.

Adacel has built an international reputation for its products and services through commitment 14 | MTI 21.5

to technological leadership and customer support.

Core Competencies: Human Systems Interface, Simulators, Software

AEGIS TECHNOLOGIES GROUP INC. AEgis Technologies is a privately held small business headquartered in Huntsville, Alabama, USA. AEgis specializes in utilizing modeling & simulation (M&S) technology to support weapon systems development and create training solutions so our war fighters make it home safely. Our M&S products and services include simulation software and training simulators; geospatial databases; 3D models; warfighter exercise support; systems engineering and analysis; verification, validation, and accreditation (VV&A); test and evaluation support; Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) simulation; directed energy sensors; system development and integration; and advanced coatings.

AERO SIMULATION INC. Founded in 1983, Aero Simulation Inc. (ASI) is a small business that is recognized for training systems excellence and

customer responsiveness.

The company specializes in the design, development, manufacture, integration, delivery and post-delivery support of aviation-related flight and maintenance training devices and simulators. ASI provides upgrades to existing simulators and manufactures new full-flight and part-task training devices for military and commercial aviation customers. With a demonstrated commitment to continuous quality improvement, ASI produces sound, innovative training and support solutions that fulfill customer training requirements effectively.

ALELO INC. The Alelo team is committed to creating learning tools and solutions that change the way people communicate. We help our learners acquire new skills and apply them when it counts. Alelo’s products are used worldwide for 21st Century workplace skills, including language and culture training, by providing tools for all stages of the training life cycle.

ALION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Alion Science and Technology delivers agile engineering, IT

and operational solutions to strengthen national security.

Alion’s engineered solutions support smarter decision-making and enhanced readiness in rapidly changing environments.

Building on 80 years of R&D experience and innovation, we bring expertise and insight to multiple business areas, including modeling, simulation and training. From serious games, decision support and geospatial data imaging to human-systems integration and wireless spectrum modeling, Alion takes concepts from the lab to the battlespace to help you achieve your mission.

AMERICAN SYSTEMS Founded in 1975, American Systems is one of the largest employee-owned companies in the United States, with approximately 1,400 employees nationwide and $303M in revenue for 2015. Based in Chantilly, Va., the company provides systems engineering, technical and training services to government and private sector customers. We possess proven experience in the “Science of Learning” for training, training development; Instructional Systems Design, training systems development, coaching; organizational assessment and training efficiency analysis.

American Systems was named www.MTI-dhp.com

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies “Contractor of the Year” at the Greater Washington Government Contractor Awards in October, 2014 and was named GSA Mentor of the Year in 2013.

health care, aviation and cybersecurity.

Core Competencies: Research and Development, Software, Training Services

B-DESIGN3D LTD.

APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES/VIRTUAL HEROES DIVISION www.virtualheroes.com At the Virtual Heroes Division of Applied Research Associates, we create immersive, 3-D interactive learning solutions and high-fidelity synthetic virtual environments. Our goal is to create realistic, detailed training, simulation and educational solutions to improve your safety, security and way of life.

Core Competencies: Distributed Learning, Medical Simulation, Serious Games

APTIMA INC.

www.aptima.com Aptima’s mission is to engineer tools and systems that increase human capabilities.

Our scientists study how humans think and learn in today’s technology-rich networked environments, and we use that knowledge to solve problems and provide solutions in defense, homeland security, www.MTI-dhp.com

B-Design3D Ltd. is a world expert in 3D content creation for training and simulation systems. Our main goal is to provide geographically accurate visual databases at the best visual quality in order to provide trainees a realistic and immersive experience. Our 3D content creation team has a wide and profound knowledge of most of the industry’s modeling and simulation technologies, tools and formats. Our professional services provide worldwide training and simulation system manufacturers a cost-effective and effortless way to integrate custom-made visual databases in any size, detail and resolution into their systems.

BAGIRA SYSTEMS Bagira Systems started operating in the simulation field during 1995 with one goal in mind: to ensure the Mission Readiness of our clients.

To date, more than 500,000 soldiers have used the simulators developed and supported by Bagira Systems.

Bagira’s dynamic team is tailored to meet the specific requirements of each project.

When the project has been completed, a professional maintenance team takes over, on our behalf, to provide efficient field maintenance and the best possible support.

We at Bagira pride ourselves on providing comprehensive, efficient and knowledgeable

service adapted specifically to the client’s needs and requirements.

BARCO SIMULATION Barco is an advanced visualization company serving a variety of markets with a deep core competency in developing and manufacturing professionalgrade projection products. Our rich heritage in simulation & training is reflected by our continued dedication to being the only projection company that develops and fully supports purpose-built projectors for the needs of the simulation & training market with a focused R&D and customer service team.

Our mission is to deliver the highest performing simulation & training products which increase simulator availability and reduce risk for our customers.

THE BOEING COMPANY Boeing provides comprehensive training and learning solutions backed by years of experience, in-depth customer knowledge and a global network. By blending the science of learning with traditional training approaches and leveraging the company’s resources, innovation and talent, Boeing delivers trusted, innovative and affordable solutions to meet its customers’ needs. The company’s offerings include fully integrated training solutions that consists of aircrew and maintenance training devices and support; training system upgrades & modifications; courseware; instructors; distributed mission training and comprehensive training centers for both Boeing and non-Boeing platforms.

BOHEMIA INTERACTIVE SIMULATIONS John Givens sales@bisimulations.com 407-608-7000 www.bisimulations.com BISim is a global developer of best-of-breed, game-based 3D visualization and simulation technologies with a large highly experienced in-house team of engineers that develop cost-effective, off-the-shelf or custom training and simulation software products and components for military applications. BISim products are used by government and industry in more than 30 countries around the world to train hundreds of thousands of military personnel every year. Our products capture expertise from hundreds of military training SMEs and reflect 15 years and tens of millions of dollars of continuous improvements aimed at advancing the effectiveness and immersiveness of specific training use cases.

Core Competencies: Serious Games, Simulators, Software See our ad on the back cover

BUFFALO COMPUTER GRAPHICS Buffalo Computer Graphics, Inc. (BCG) has been a prominent MTI 21.5 | 15

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies provider to the maritime training and simulation community. BCG designs custom hardware and software solutions for use by maritime training facilities and by manufacturers of maritime systems. Our products range from complex hardware/software radar signal generators to software-only virtual radio panels.

We support simulation of radar, electronic chart systems, ship sensors, ship steering controls, Global Maritime Distress and Safety Systems and a wide range of communication devices.

CAE CAE is a global leader in delivery of training for the defense, civil aviation, and healthcare markets. CAE designs and integrates the industry’s most comprehensive training solutions, anchored by the knowledge and expertise of its 8,000 employees, world-leading simulation technologies and a track record of service and technology innovation spanning seven decades. CAE’s global presence is the broadest in the industry, with 160 sites and training locations in 35 countries, and the world’s largest installed base of flight simulators. Each year, CAE trains more than 120,000 civil and defense crewmembers, as well as thousands of healthcare professionals.

CALIENTE DEFENSE www.calientellc.com Caliente LLC is a certified HubZone manufacturer of military training devices, including a wide range of thermal 16 | MTI 21.5

targets. These include 120V and 12V infantry/silhouettes and armor/vehicular targets. Caliente also offers non-powered/passive/ reverse polarity targets, platform thermalization targets for both infantry and armor and robotic targets, and heated steel sniper targets. Caliente is in its 15th year of business, boasts a newly refurbished 40,000-square-foot manufacturing facility, is ISO 9001:2008-certified, and many of our products carry UL approval.

Caliente’s mission is to provide cost-effective and innovative solutions to live-fire training gaps to enhance the warfighter’s abilities.

Core Competencies: Engineering, Research and Development, Training Ranges

CALYTRIX TECHNOLOGIES INC. Calytrix Technologies is a training and simulation company specializing in developing and delivering integrated training solutions. Uniquely combining live, virtual and constructive simulation environments with subject-matter expertise, Calytrix enhances operational readiness and training outcomes in both defense and civilian domains.

CARLEY CORPORATION Carley’s custom-designed training solutions improve human performance. We specialize in the analysis, design, development and implementation of largescale, complex blended training solutions where performance results are critical. Carley provides products and services within the full spectrum of training system requirements.

This includes training devices, SCORM-conformant Webbased training, instructor-led training, advanced electronic

classrooms and PC-based virtual simulations for technical skills and soft-skills training. Carley is an ISO 9001:2008-certified, woman-owned small business headquartered in Orlando, Fla.

engineering scenarios, such as vehicle recovery and countermobility exercises.

CHI SYSTEMS

Cole Engineering Services, Inc. (CESI), founded in 2004, is recognized as a premier small business provider of State of the Art, Modeling and Simulation Training Solutions to the Federal Government. CESI possesses exceptional technical expertise in Software Development, Systems Engineering, and in Live, Virtual & Constructive Architectural & Engineering Services. With a team of technically sophisticated subject matter expertise, CESI also supports MS&T and IT system fielding, exercise planning, system operation and maintenance. CESI has program management processes (CMMI, EVMS, QA, ISO) in place to ensure program success, promoting low risk performance, and program milestone achievement.

CHI Systems, honored to be selected for a 2012 Tibbetts Award by the Small Business Administration, is a leader in human-centered solutions for training, simulation and decision support systems that address a broad spectrum of defense and civilian advanced training and geospatial intelligence needs. People need to be trained effectively and armed with the proper decision support tools to make better decisions faster.

CHI Systems helps clients rapidly solve challenging problems and develop innovative solutions through its unique offering of adaptive training & simulation, geospatial data analysis and visualization, human reasoning and decision support and augmented reality/virtual reality solutions.

CM LABS SIMULATIONS CM Labs Simulation provides a complete real-time simulation and visualization platform that helps clients create advanced ground vehicle and heavy equipment simulations for operational and tactical training.

CM Labs also offers simulation consulting services, from vehicle dynamics modeling and thirdparty system integration to custom simulator design and assembly. CM Labs has helped system integrators create advanced training simulators for ownship training, from basic driving operations to convoy drills with multiple participants, as well as logistics and

COLE ENGINEERING SERVICES INC.

CONCURRENT Concurrent is a global software and solutions provider that develops content delivery and real-time applications on a core foundation of high-performance Linux and storage technologies.

The company serves industries and customers that demand uncompromising performance, reliability and flexibility to gain a competitive edge, drive meaningful growth and power brighter ideas. Concurrent’s real-time solutions deliver hard real-time performance in support of the world’s most sophisticated hardware-in-the-loop and man-in-the-loop simulation, data acquisition and process control applications. With over 50 years of experience in the real-time market, Concurrent delivers optimized hardware and www.MTI-dhp.com

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies software products to ensure the success of commercial and government programs worldwide.

CONFLICT KINETICS Conflict Kinetics (CK) is a small business specializing in Synthetic Technology for Small Arms Weapons Training. CK holds three Patents in Pro- Sports based Human Performance technology. These technologies are also used for testing & evaluation, language training, mapping, mission planning and rehearsal. CK software allows for rapid customization to support command and unit TTPs, METLs, and Programs of Instruction.

Conflict Kinetics works with DoD, SOF and GPF as well as Federal Agencies. CK provides an innovative and dynamic solution to small arms simulation with proven transition to live fire.

We offer mobile trainings and systems installations in CONUS/ OCONUS locations.

CONSTELLIS Constellis is a leading provider of risk management and operational support services to government and commercial clients worldwide. Constellis combines the legacy capabilities and experience of ACADEMI, Triple Canopy, Olive Group, Edinburgh International, and Strategic Social and all of their affiliates. From security, crisis response and training to logistics, life support, and technology services, we help our clients achieve and sustain success, no matter where they are in the world. We leverage our operational excellence, comprehensive expertise, world-class facilities and global network of partners to quickly deliver tailored, cost-effective and innovative services to our clients. www.MTI-dhp.com

CREATIVE TECHNOLOGIES INC. www.cretecinc.com Creative Technologies Inc. (CTI), a unique, woman-owned small business, develops and produces innovative immersive technologies for training, gaming, and marketing. CTI’s simulation capabilities include technology research, application development, and systems integration, along with staffing and location-based institutional support, desktop, transportable and mobile use cases. CTI makes complex marketing communications systems, and their features, intuitive and accessible to a wide range of audiences. The company’s capabilities include interactive applications and creative visualization, from concept to delivery. CTI’s government and commercial clients benefit from groundbreaking immersive, cognitive simulation products and services such as augmented virtuality that combines realworld and virtual training elements.

Core Competencies: Research and Development, Serious Games, Simulators

CUBIC CORPORATION www.cubic.com/global-defense Founded and headquartered in San Diego, Calif., since 1951, Cubic Corporation designs, integrates and operates

systems, products and services focused in the transportation, defense training and secure communications markets. Cubic Transportation Systems is a leading integrator of payment and information technology and services to create intelligent travel solutions for transportation authorities and operators. Cubic Global Defense is a leading provider of live, virtual, constructive and game-based training solutions, special operations and intelligence for the U.S. and allied forces. Cubic Mission Solutions provides networked C4ISR capabilities for defense, intelligence, security and commercial missions.

D-BOX TECHNOLOGIES INC. www.d-box.com D-BOX Technologies Inc. designs, manufactures and commercializes cutting-edge motion systems intended for the entertainment and industrial markets. We offer the most optimized, interoperable, engaging and easy-to-deploy motion systems on the market.

Core Competencies: Constructive Simulation, Serious Games, Training Services

Core Competencies: Simulators, Training Ranges, Visual Displays and Systems

D-2 TEAM SIM

DIAMOND VISIONICS

D2 TEAM-Sim (D2), a division of Appliedinfo Partners, Inc. is a leading developer of interactive training and communications solutions for government agencies, large corporations and healthcare companies.

For over 20 years, our mission has been to provide our clients with high quality integrated technology products, digital communications and training solutions that are scalable, interactive and web deliverable.

Our work is characterized by engaging interactivity, lively pacing, and animated visual metaphors making material easy to learn. D2’s flagship training development software, the Distributed Instruction Framework (DIF), is the Army standard for Distributed Learning development, maintenance and distribution for Interactive Multimedia Instruction.

Since its inception in 1996, Diamond Visionics has been at the forefront of the visualization industry, setting a new standard in the United States and across the world. We lead the field not only with our content-rich, user-friendly solutions, but also by providing the lowest cost of ownership in the market. Our cutting-edge image-generation software and visualization tools are in constant demand for the highest levels of training and simulation, mission rehearsal and homeland security. Our clients include the U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, Canadian Department of National Defence, aerospace industry and Fortune 500 corporate clients such as Boeing, Airbus and commercial airlines around the globe.

MTI 21.5 | 17

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies

DIGIMATION www.digimation.com Now in its 24th year, Digimation is a pioneer in the development of 3D graphics and related technology used in training and simulation. We develop turnkey training and simulation solutions for desktop and mobile computers, and partner with leading defense contractors to improve the effectiveness and realism of existing trainers.

Our maintenance trainers are used to teach the installation, operation and maintenance of a variety of mechanical equipment.

Our high-fidelity small arms trainers teach function, repair and marksmanship skills. The company’s small arms trainer is the world’s first full-featured marksmanship trainer that fits in the palm of your hand.

Core Competencies: Simulators, Software, Training Services

DIGITAL PROJECTION Our mission is to earn the highest level of customer satisfaction by providing world-class customer services guided by quality, courtesy, timeliness and integrity.

We want to lead the large-screen display industry by profitably delivering projection products that provide unique solutions for the most discerning customers.

DIGNITAS TECHNOLOGIES LLC Dignitas Technologies LLC, an economically disadvantaged woman-owned small business founded in 2004, is providing system and software engineering services for the modeling and 18 | MTI 21.5

simulation community, with a mission to shape the future of simulation with innovative technology. Dignitas leads several Small Business Innovation Research projects and supports a wide range of large and small programs spanning the live, virtual and constructive domains across a diverse customer set. Dignitas has extensive experience and successful past performance in the development of key simulation systems, and provides expertise in management, research, engineering and programming.

user interface software and customized 3D virtual maintenance training solutions.

Disti delivers advanced highperformance 3D user interfaces graphics to the simulation and training, aerospace, automotive and medical industries. Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Rockwell Collins and others choose our interface solutions for performance, fidelity and reliability in their avionics, instrument clusters, training simulators and instructor operator stations.

DISCOVERY MACHINE

Core Competencies: Human Systems Interface, Software, Training Services

Discovery Machine has developed a patented behavior modeling approach to capturing and deploying subject matter expertise. The company has leveraged proven successes with DARPA, ONR, NAVAIR, and more to develop a suite of AI products for simulated training environments such as VBS3, Unity, JSAF, PROTEUS, and other simulations.

Discovery Machine has been working on bringing realistic custom training simulations to the commercial sector with efforts in energy, healthcare, military, and construction. Beyond Discovery Machine’s domestic efforts, the company has pursued various international efforts.

Many of these efforts leverage a network of resellers to grow awareness of our products abroad. With resellers, our international reach is extended.

THE DISTI CORPORATION www.disti.com Founded in 1994, Disti Corp. is a leading provider of graphical

EDUWORKS CORPORATION www.eduworks.com Eduworks Corporation is an innovative software company that applies artificial intelligence and natural language processing to improve human and team training and performance. We help organizations enhance training and workflow in diverse areas including education, talent management, law, and finance.

Eduworks combines an active R&D program funded by the DoD, National Science Foundation, and other federal agencies with a commercial division that serves customers ranging from small businesses to Fortune 50 companies in national security, aviation, energy, information technology, publishing and life sciences industries. Eduworks’ staff are frequent authors, speakers, and conference organizers; and serve on international standards boards.

Core Competencies: Distributed Learning, Human

Systems Interface, Research and Development

ELBIT SYSTEMS Elbit Systems Ltd. is an international high-tech company engaged in a wide range of defense, homeland security and commercial programs throughout the world.

The company, which includes Elbit Systems and its subsidiaries, operates in the areas of aerospace, land and naval systems, command, control, communications, computers, intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance, unmanned aircraft systems, advanced electro-optics, electro-optic space systems, EW suites, signal intelligence systems, data links and communications systems and radios. The company also focuses on upgrading existing platforms, developing new technologies for defense, homeland security and commercial aviation applications and providing a range of support services, including training and simulation systems.

ENGILITY CORPORATION Michael Finnern michael.finnern@ engilitycorp.com 703-633-8300 www.engilitycorp.com Engility is engineered to make a difference. Built on five decades of heritage, Engility is a leading provider of integrated solutions and services for the U.S. government, supporting customers throughout www.MTI-dhp.com

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies defense, intelligence, space, federal civilian and international communities.

Engility delivers world-class performance, efficiency and best value in a broad range of services from global security to information security, and international development to research and development. Headquartered in Chantilly, Virginia, and with offices around the world, Engility draws upon its intimate understanding of customer needs, deep domain expertise, and skilled team to develop and deliver on-target solutions for critical missions.

Core Competencies: Constructive Simulation, Distributed Learning, Training Services

ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SIMULATIONS Engineering & Computer Simulations Inc. (ECS) is an industry pioneer in the simulation and training industry. We commit the talent, drive and personal leadership of an experienced team to ensure our clients improve their teams’ performance.

We leave our personal signature on every product and service.

It’s a mark that says we have thought of every detail, and we’ve drawn from our experience and passion to meet and exceed our client’s goals. ECS has more than two decades of experience in military contracting.

ESTERLINE SIMULATION VISUAL SYSTEMS Esterline SVS (Simulation Visual Systems) is a wholly www.MTI-dhp.com

owned subsidiary of the Esterline Corporation (NYSE:ESL), a specialized aerospace and defense company headquartered in Bellevue, Washington. Esterline employs over 12,000 people worldwide. Esterline SVS offers the TREALITY brand of display system products. Our business focus is to provide both high-quality and affordable visual display solutions to the simulation and training markets.

FAMIC TECHNOLOGIES Since 1986, Famic Technologies has been offering a complete range of high-end products and services in the field of software engineering and industrial automation. Innovation, quality and performance have been the cornerstones of the company. Famic Technologies’ team believes in contributing to technical progress by optimizing every project whether related to fluid power, electrical engineering, industrial automation or custom software development. Our research and development activities are dedicated to deliver trade oriented software solutions that will make a difference for users in terms of intuitiveness and productivity.

FRASCA INTERNATIONAL Our commitment to excellence enables our customers to better educate, evaluate, and train pilots. Working together, we are improving generations of pilots.

Frasca is a flight simulation OEM for fixed and rotary wing aircraft. Frasca has delivered over 2,400 simulators in over 70 countries world-wide since its inception in 1958.

GENERAL DYNAMICS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY As a trusted systems integrator for more than 50 years, General Dynamics Information Technology provides information technology (IT), systems engineering, professional services and simulation and training to customers in the defense, federal civilian government, health, homeland security, intelligence, state and local government and commercial sectors. Headquartered in Fairfax, Va., with major offices worldwide, the company delivers IT enterprise solutions, manages large-scale, mission-critical IT programs and provides mission support services.

IMMERSIVE DISPLAY SOLUTIONS, INC. Immersive Display Solutions (IDSI) designs and integrates affordable custom cylindrical- and sphericalprojected display solutions for visualization, simulation and training. Utilizing best-of-breed technology from our broad base of technological partnerships, our display solutions offer the ideal environment for the simulation of highly immersive experiences. This includes flight, driving, ground combat, situational awareness or any other civilian, government or military operations that benefit from either a panoramic or completely immersed experience.

IDSI offers individual components as well as complete solutions for permanent or deployable, single and multi-channel display solutions grounded in our clients’ unique requirements.

INERT PRODUCTS LLC

Inert Products will design, produce and distribute highquality, durable and realistic training aids to meet the training objectives of the men and women who defend and protect us on a daily basis while keeping pace with the evolving tactics employed by our adversaries in an effort to save lives.

INTELLIGENCE, COMMUNICATIONS, AND ENGINEERING, INC. www.iceinc-ps.com ICE, Inc. is an industry pace setter, providing training and exercise support, intelligence analysis, program and portfolio management, modeling and simulations, operational testing and evaluation, and cyberspace doctrine and capability development. ICE, Inc. provides uniquely talented, skilled and essential personnel to accomplish the most complex tasks for the their government customers.

Core Competencies: Constructive Simulation, Simulators, Software

INTER-COASTAL ELECTRONICS INC. Inter-Coastal Electronics (ICE) is an advanced engineering company that designs and manufactures state-of-theart live training and test instrumentation systems for worldwide military and civilian customers. ICE MTI 21.5 | 19

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies develops, manufactures, fields and maintains high-quality instrumentation, test equipment, training devices and services that link to other live and virtual simulations. Our products collect, process, transmit and record live-fire mission data using network communications, wireless telemetry, geometric pairing and area weapons effects assessments at individual, crew and collective training levels, enabling robust after-action review capabilities and take-home packages. Fielded systems support aviation, unmanned aircraft systems, field and air defense artillery and ground missiles.

JVC VISUAL SYSTEMS DIVISION JVC Visual Systems, a division of JVCKENWOOD USA Corp., is a leading manufacturer of high-resolution, super-contrast projectors for simulation and visualization, and offers a flexible line of projectors with available resolutions to 20MP utilizing our exclusive D-ILA and e-shift technologies. Lamp and hybrid-laser illuminated models (stimulated NVG capable) achieve native contrast ratios exceeding 30,000:1 and low cost of ownership.

KRATOS Kratos is a specialized national security technology business providing missioncritical products, services and solutions for U.S. national security priorities. Kratos’ core capabilities are sophisticated engineering, manufacturing and system integration offerings for national security platforms and programs. Its areas of expertise include C5ISR, satellite communication systems, electronic warfare, unmanned 20 | MTI 21.5

systems, missile defense, cyberwarfare, cybersecurity, information assurance and critical infrastructure security.

L-3 LINK SIMULATION & TRAINING L-3 Link Simulation & Training is a world leader in providing total training solutions for operators and maintainers across a wide range of military, civil and commercial platforms.

Our innovative solutions provide a full spectrum of state-of-the-art training technologies, including high-fidelity immersive simulations, as well as distributed academic and interactive courseware. We deliver training through any combination of classroom instruction, computer-based training, part-task trainers and advanced flight simulators, propelling L-3 Link to the forefront of transformational training delivery that focuses on an experiential learner-centric learning approach. Today we are providing these solutions within the fixed wing, rotary wing and unmanned aircraft systems markets.

LAERDAL MEDICAL Laerdal Medical is a major manufacturer of medical equipment and medical training products. Laerdal Medical, one of the world’s leading providers of Healthcare Solutions, is dedicated to helping save lives. Laerdal serves healthcare providers and educators with products and services for Basic Life Support, Advanced Life Support, Simulation, Airway Management, Immobilization, Patient Care, Selfdirected Learning and Medical Education. For over fifty years, Laerdal Medical has provided the global healthcare community with

clinical task training and high fidelity manikin products. Laerdal provides training solutions to the US military for training the full spectrum of care from point of injury tactical combat casualty care through clinical treatment.

LEIDOS Leidos provides superior innovation and at-scale agility in architecting and delivering best-value end-to-end disruptive training solutions that solve customers’ mission-critical requirements. Through the inspired work of our diverse employees, we deliver innovative, scalable solutions for military and commercial customers. We do this with sustainability in mind, while also caring for our employees and the communities in which we operate.

LEONARDO HELICOPTERS Leonardo Helicopters provides total rotorcraft capability to its customers worldwide, with the broadest portfolio of latest-generation products across all main weight categories for all commercial/ military applications.

LOCKHEED MARTIN Lockheed Martin is the premier provider of innovative solutions for mission readiness and sustainment. Our skilled employees provide fast-turn, high-quality solutions and services for customers in more than 100 locations worldwide. Our focus is helping customers achieve mission success anytime and anywhere by offering a full range of training, engineering, integration and test support.

From teaching aircrews to fly the world’s most advanced fighter jet to developing the live-virtualconstructive environment of tomorrow, Lockheed Martin transforms technology into affordable mission readiness solutions.

MARATHON TARGETS Our mission is to solve a fundamental capability gap common to all militaries: the only time they perform live-fire training on realistically moving targets—is in actual firefights.

This violates the time-honored military principle: never practice a mission-critical skill on the battlefield for the very first time.

Marathon makes autonomous target robots that look, move, and behave like people. When one is shot, the others can scatter for cover, or coordinate a counterattack.

Since their introduction, Marathon Targets have revolutionized livefire training and are now used on 4 continents—rapidly becoming the new standard for small arms live-fire training.

MASA GROUP MASA Group is a global company focused on the development of AI-based Modeling & Simulation software for the Defense and Emergency Management markets. Its success is founded on products that combine scalability, adaptability and low cost of ownership, with a strong standards-driven and interoperability approach to technology. MASA’s products are uniquely designed to simplify and optimize the implementation of AI capabilities for automating virtual behaviors. Such capabilities allow developers and end-users across industries to focus their efforts on enabling a series of www.MTI-dhp.com

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies cost-efficient and highly realistic applications – such as command staff training, crisis management preparedness, strategic planning, after-action review, doctrine & equipment analysis, and corporate training.

defense companies to create state of the art training applications around the world covering the full spectrum of operations including Sea, Air and Land.

MASS VIRTUAL Born out of the commercial game industry, Mass Virtual leverages its $150+ million content creation platform, Virtual Attain, which is redefining the way industry develops simulation and training for defense. Virtual Attain delivers a turnkey Modeling, Simulation & Training (MS&T) common development platform which supports the latest in commercial Virtual Reality (VR) features. Our proven technology, Virtual Attain, continues to enable leading

MEGGITT TRAINING SYSTEMS Andrea Czop mgtts-militarysales@ meggitt.com 678-288-1090 www. meggitttrainingsystems. com

Meggitt Training Systems, makers of FATS and Caswell technologies and a division of

Meggitt PLC, is the leading supplier of integrated live-fire and virtual weapons training systems and electronic scoring systems.

More than 13,000 Meggitt live-fire ranges and 5,100 virtual systems are fielded internationally, providing judgmental, situational awareness and collective and marksmanship training to armed forces, law enforcement and security organizations. Meggitt Training Systems employs more than 400 people at its headquarters in Atlanta, Ga., and at facilities in Orlando, Fla., Canada, U.K., Netherlands, UAE, Australia and Singapore. With facilities around the world, Meggitt Training Systems provides global sales and support to U.S. and allied forces.

Core Competencies: Engineering, Simulators, Training Ranges See our ad on page below

METAVR INC. www.metavr.com MetaVR develops commercial PC-based software for simulation and training, featuring high-speed visualization of 3-D content and rapid creation of networked virtual worlds using real-world data. MetaVR provides geospecific real-time visual simulation with the fidelity of game-quality graphics. Users can build high-fidelity virtual worlds with its terrain generation and

THE FUTURE OF VIRTUAL TRAINING

CHOOSE MEGGITT Innovative. Immersive. Intelligent.

If you think product innovation, immersive training and intelligent technology are important to have in a virtual training system, there’s only one company you need to know. Meggitt Training Systems, the provider of simulation systems of record for global defense forces, introduces the most advanced virtual training system in the world – FATS® 100e.

The FATS® 100e features innovative BlueFire® weapons, immersive graphics incorporating 3D marksmanship lanes and third-party programs and intelligent wireless tablet coaching.

meggitttrainingsystems.com

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www.MTI-dhp.com

The future of small arms virtual training systems has arrived.

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2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies scenario creation applications and render at 60Hz the results with its real-time 3-D visualization application, Virtual Reality Scene Generator. MetaVR visuals are used for simulation training applications such as UAS, manned flight simulators, mission planning and rehearsal, JTAC training, close air support, urban operations, aerial refueling and emergency response management.

Core Competencies: Engineering, Research and Development, Software

METOVA Using state-of-the-art training simulators much like those used by fighter pilots, CENTS was developed in 2006 to support cyber training for the US Air Force. CENTS provides a powerful, realistic, risk-free simulated environment for training, developing and testing response actions to routine, zero-day, and catastrophic events. In use throughout the Department of Defense, state, local governments and universities, Metova CyberCENTS SLAM-R Cyber Range technology provides an electronic environment that simulates a real world computer and network workspace, providing a safe learning space for Cyber professionals to train, exercise and learn how to defend their network.

MODEST TREE Ray Rice ray@modesttree.com 305-799-7354 www.modesttree.com Modest Tree is an innovator in 3D interactive 22 | MTI 21.5

content development software and customized training solutions. Modest Tree leverages our team’s experience delivering aerospace and defense training solutions and gaming technology applications to bring clients cost-effective, next-generation training technologies. Modest Tree’s leading platform, Modest3D, provides a visual storyboarding approach to rapidly develop nextgeneration 3-D training applications without coding or animation expertise.

Modest3D cloud is the world’s first cloud-based platform to create 3-D interactive training.

Core Competencies: Serious Games, Software, Training Services

NCI INC.

NCI is a leading provider of enterprise solutions and services to U.S. defense, intelligence, health and civilian government agencies. We have the expertise and proven track record to solve our customers’ most important and complex mission challenges through technology and innovation. Our team of highly skilled professionals focuses on delivering cost-effective solutions and services in the areas of agile development and integration; cybersecurity and information assurance; engineering and logistics; big data and data analytics; IT infrastructure optimization and service management; and health and program integrity. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, NCI has approximately 2,000 employees operating at more than 100 locations worldwide.

MOTION REALITY

PAE

Motion Reality assembled a talented team of mechanical and electrical engineers, computer software and hardware scientists, 3D animators and artists, mathematicians and biomechanists, to develop and integrate the required myriad of technologies necessary to create an optimal immersive virtual reality experience. The resultant simulator is the world’s most accurate, realtime human motion capture and simulation technology for the military, law enforcement, entertainment, and sports markets. The scientifically accurate full-body, real-time motion capture, and dynamics data features embedded in Motion Reality’s technologies were used in motion pictures such as the Lord of the Rings and Avatar.

PAE is a leading provider of enduring support for the essential missions of the U.S. government, its allied partners and international organizations.

With over 60 years of experience, PAE supports the execution of complex and critical missions by providing global logistics and stability operations, technical services and national security solutions to customers around the world. PAE has a workforce of approximately 15,000 people in over 60 countries on all seven continents and is headquartered in Arlington, Va.

infrastructure markets. Presagis combines an open simulation development framework with expert professional services to help customers streamline development workflows, reduce project risks, and deliver gamequality immersive simulations.

Presagis is also at the forefront of avionics software design for certifiable cockpit displays. The company serves hundreds of customers worldwide, including many of the world’s most respected organizations such as Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Airbus, BAE Systems, and CAE.

PULAU CORPORATION Privately owned PULAU Corporation was founded in Chatsworth, CA in 1975 as PULAU Electronics, originally focused on the manufacture of magnetic core memory systems and the repair of electronic and computer-related assemblies for the U.S. Government and major prime contractors. As government needs evolved in the 1980s, PULAU began servicing and supporting training devices, systems and aids. Since then PULAU has supported LVC training, and has successfully transitioned and grown into a diverse, highly-responsive worldwide company that provides a full range of services in training, logistics, and supply chain management, and most recently mobile medical training.

Presagis Presagis is a global leader providing commercial modeling, simulation and embedded software solutions to the aerospace, defense and security, and critical

Q4 Services LLC www.q4services.com

Q4 Services’ world-class design and development capabilities embrace modern technology, www.MTI-dhp.com

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies which has enabled the company to become the market leader in the delivery of high-performance visual display solutions. The company also provides global support of visual display systems, which includes mirror design and upgrades, mirror re-skins and mirror washes, back projection screens, automatic alignment systems, CRT/projector overhauls and the complete installation of cross-cockpit collimated display systems for all variants of fullflight simulators for the military and commercial simulation industry.

Core Competencies: Engineering, Simulators, Visual Displays and Systems

QUANTUM3D Quantum3D provides training and simulation technologies, integrated solutions and services for the commercial, civil and defense markets worldwide.

We believe that training is fundamental for the people who operate complex equipment in an ever-changing environment.

Whether you are pilots training and preparing for unexpected emergencies, or firefighters working as a team to deal with changing weather patterns to put out large fires, or a parachutist preparing for a drop into a new location or a team of soldiers readying for deployment to fight an unknown enemy, or a mechanic fixing complex and critical equipment in a safe and timely manner, we believe that success and safety of personnel is best achieved through preparation and training.

RAYTHEON Raytheon Company, with 2015 sales of $23 billion and 61,000 employees, is a www.MTI-dhp.com

technology and innovation leader specializing in defense, civil government and cybersecurity solutions. With a history of innovation spanning 94 years, Raytheon provides state-of-theart electronics, mission systems integration, C5ITM products and services, sensing, effects, and mission support for customers in more than 80 countries. Raytheon is headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts. Raytheon’s Global Training Solutions prepares people for the world’s most important missions. We train people in more than 127 countries and 29 languages, and have trained almost every U.S. Soldier since 2008.

RGB SPECTRUM RGB Spectrum designs and manufactures simulation, training and decision support solutions for defense and aerospace, we offer solutions for the display recording, transmission and switching of visual data. RGB Spectrum’s codecs, recorders, switchers and multiviewers have been chosen and deployed for some of the most important simulation and training programs in the U.S. and abroad.

RIPTIDE SOFTWARE INC. Riptide is a proud supporter of our armed forces and has a long history of partnering with the government to provide state-ofthe-art training and education solutions. Over the past two decades, our advanced training systems have helped increase efficiency, improve results, and save money for the simulation, training and instrumentation community. Riptide earned a formal accreditation at CMMI® Level 4 and has been formally accredited since 2006. Our

proven program execution credentials include more than $140 million in executed military contracts with over 200 successful deployments worldwide. Our team has grown each year by maintaining a strong customer-focused philosophy, knowing that our technology solutions help train critical warfighting skills.

ROCKWELL COLLINS Rockwell Collins is a pioneer in the development and deployment of innovative communication and aviation electronic solutions for both commercial and government applications. Our expertise in flight deck avionics, cabin electronics, mission communications, simulation and training, wearable optics, advanced lenses, and information management services is delivered by a global workforce and a service and support network that crosses more than 150 countries.

SAAB DEFENSE AND SECURITY Saab Defense and Security (SDAS) Training and Simulation develops, manufactures, fields and supports products and services to the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, National Guard and Department of Energy in the live, virtual and constructive domains. Saab’s product line contains the industry’s highestperforming training equipment while maintaining costeffectiveness, reliability and durability. It is Saab’s mission to be the leading and most responsive provider of innovative and adaptive defense training capabilities to customers

worldwide. SDAS Training and Simulation has supported the U.S. armed forces and homeland security with targets, laser simulators and instrumentation training products for more than 30 years.

SAFETACMAG SafeTacMag’s (STM) mission is to enable safer training through innovative and affordable products. STM enhances the training experience with visual and mechanical safety solutions. STM has developed an innovative, yet simple, M16/M4 and variants training magazine designed specifically to mitigate discharges of live ammunition during military and police training exercises, thereby protecting lives, preventing injuries, and saving the government hundreds of millions of dollars. Unlike conventional magazines currently in use, which accept live and blank ammunition interchangeably, STM’s magazine is a unique, patent-pending device that restricts the insertion of live ammunition. Our Motto is “Safety You Can See”.

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP. James (Josh) Jackson james.j.jackson@saic.com 757-459-6450 www.saic.com SAIC is a premier technology integrator MTI 21.5 | 23

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies providing full life cycle services and solutions in the technical, engineering, intelligence, and enterprise information technology markets. SAIC provides systems engineering and integration offerings for large, complex projects.

Headquartered in McLean, Virginia, SAIC has approximately 15,000 employees and annual revenues of about $4.3 billion.

Core Competencies: Constructive Simulation, Serious Games, Training Services See our ad on page 7

SIMMERSION SIMmersion’s mission is to help develop skills required for difficult conversations such as leadership or crosscultural negotiations. Repeated practice using SIMmersion simulations, along with the ongoing feedback, develops higher-level skills faster. The simulated people are portrayed by actors and have simulated memories and emotions that make them seem real. Research by universities has shown that these simulations build skills that change behavior and improve people’s lives.

Government sponsors include the Office of the Secretary of Defense, FBI, Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Joint Forces Command, the intelligence community and various institutes at the National Institutes of Health.

SIMTHETIQ As a developer of 3D solutions for the simulation, research and serious gaming industry, Simthetiq produces some of 24 | MTI 21.5

the most immersive 3D visual solutions in the industry.

Founded in 2005, Simthetiq 3D solutions are found in the most powerful and compelling training solutions in civil aviation, defense and transportation simulation. Our goal is to: Develop compelling visual solutions that bring our customers ever closer to reality; Offer smart integration services in response to complex interoperability problems; and Help our clients stand out in the M&S Industry.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOCIATES Stottler Henke applies artificial intelligence and other advanced software technologies to solve problems that defy solution using traditional approaches.

We deliver innovative, practical software solutions for education and training, planning and scheduling, knowledge management and discovery, decision support, and autonomous systems.

SUNDOG SOFTWARE LLC www.sundog-soft.com Sundog Software provides virtual oceans, skies, 3-D volumetric clouds and weather effects to training and simulation developers. Built for the unique requirements of the simulation and training industry, our SilverLining Sky, 3-D Cloud and Weather SDK and Triton Ocean SDK bring physical realism and immersion to synthetic natural

environments at unprecedented frame-rates. Our proven software is used by hundreds of the leading simulation companies and government agencies worldwide. Leave your environmental effect requirements to us; we can represent any sea state, weather conditions or time of day quickly and easily within your visual software.

Core Competency: Software

TACTICAL MICRO INC. www.tacticalmicro.com Tactical Micro, a Secure Technology company, provides innovative solutions in digital instrumentation, advanced audio/video recording and wireless communications to create better training and surveillance tools for our warfighters and first responders. From design and software engineering to fully ISO 9001 production facilities, our solutions, products and services are focused on the success of our customers.

Tactical Micro’s systems capture live audio, video and data for use in real time and later review in the most challenging environments per our users’ needs. By nonobtrusively capturing the sights, sounds and data during operations and training, reports and AARs are created that address all the mission data and information necessary for success.

TARGAMITE LLC www.targamite.com

TARGAMITE is a robotics company producing advanced, innovative live-fire training solutions for the military, law enforcement, and tactical communities. Our overall mission is to provide platforms combining robotics and artificial intelligence agents that support and enhance real-time human decisionmaking in the field. Targamite customers include the U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, US Coast Guard Academy, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Special Operations Command, Dept. of Homeland Security, Drug Enforcement Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internal Revenue Service, and the Federal Corrections Complex.

Core Competencies: Engineering, Human Systems Interface, Training Ranges

TEC-MASTERS INC. www.tecmasters.com

Core Competencies: Engineering, Training Ranges, Training Services

Tec-Masters, Inc. (TMI) is a Huntsville, Alabama based minority owned Small Disadvantaged Business (SDB) that is ISO 9001:2015 Certified www.MTI-dhp.com

2016 Top Simulation & Training Companies and CMMI Level 3. TMI is a financially strong, debt-free small business with a contract base averaging $20 million in annual revenues over the last three years. TMI’s core business areas are: Modeling and Simulation, Engineering Services, System Engineering & Technical Assistance Support, Software Development, Test & Evaluation. Program & Acquisition Management Support, Training, Creative Multimedia, Logistics Support, and Information Technology.

Core Competencies: Constructive Simulation, Engineering, Training Ranges

TERNION CORPORATION For more than 25 years, Ternion Corp. has provided highly flexible simulation solutions to government and commercial organizations worldwide.

FLAMES, its flagship product, is a family of commercial offthe-shelf software products that provides a framework for composable constructive simulations and interfaces between live, virtual and constructive simulations.

Ternion uses FLAMES flexibility to create new products addressing a wider variety of simulation needs, including the portable and cost-effective C4I system training solution, FAST. Ternion also creates custom simulations designed to meet the specific requirements of its customers.

TERRASIM TerraSim Inc., a Bohemia Interactive Simulations company, is a leading technology company that specializes in the development of advanced software solutions www.MTI-dhp.com

to automate geospatial source data preparation and terrain generation. Our products are designed to be flexible, scalable, and compatible by continuing to support the widest range of visual, constructive, and serious game runtimes in the military simulation and training industry. Our business model encompasses the sale and support of commercial offthe-shelf software, geospatial source data preparation and terrain generation services, and advanced research and development.

TRIANGRAPHICS TrianGraphics was founded in 2004 . The owner-led enterprise is focusing on all aspects of virtual terrain generation and real-time simulation.

TrianGraphics’ flagship product, Trian3DBuilder, came into the market in 2007, and combines a powerful feature set with a modern and simple user interface for the generation of detailed terrains of unlimited size. Besides the development of COTS products, TrianGraphics also offers professional services for modeling terrains for a multitude of platforms, as well as software development in the field of computer graphics and real-time simulation.

TRU SIMULATION + TRAINING TRU Simulation + Training Inc., a Textron Inc. (NYSE: TXT) company, delivers innovative, end-to-end flight training solutions to the commercial and military markets while providing superior technical support and customer service.

Headquartered in Goose Creek, S.C., the company is known for its Air Transport Simulation, Business & Military Simulation,

Mission & Maintenance Training, and Training Centers & Services.

UFA, INC. UFA is a leading provider of ATC simulation systems and voice recognition technology for civil aviation, military organizations and universities worldwide.

Customers include the FAA; FAACTI schools including University of North Dakota, University of Alaska at Anchorage, Texas State Technical College at Waco, Community College of Baltimore County, Vaughn College; U.S. military (including extensive systems for the Army and Army National Guard, Navy and Air Force), NAV CANADA, DFS/ Germany, LVNL/Netherlands, EUROCONTROL and CAAC/China.

Differentiated by its marketleading voice recognition and response system, highly realistic training scenarios and breadth of its ATC simulation products, UFA software enables controllers to train more flexibly, effectively and cost-efficiently.

VISUAL PURPLE We know today’s training audience: millennials that learn and train best through high gamification simulations. Using a world- class game engine and proven processes Visual Purple delivers intensively interactive simulations with Hollywood plausible storylines across mobile, desktop, and virtual reality (VR). We are a small, woman-owned business that innovates, works hard and enjoys a loyal client following. Making a difference for the warfighter is what drives us to excel.

simulation. By leveraging a strong foundation of commercial-off-the-shelf software products, MÄK helps customers construct, connect, and populate compelling 2-D/3-D simulated environments. While primarily used in the aerospace and defense industries, MÄK’s products and services help customers anywhere that need modeling and simulation to train, plan, analyze, experiment, prototype and demonstrate.

MÄK is dedicated to serving our customers by building flexible products, offering superior technical support, and delivering simulator and command and staff training solutions. MÄK continues to innovate with new technologies, including Web and mobile applications, to further state-of-the-art simulation.

WILL INTERACTIVE WILL Interactive, a leader in live-action video interactive simulations, is a woman-owned small business headquartered in Potomac, Maryland USA. In 1994, WILL Interactive pioneered the simulation genre in which learners become the lead characters in movies, make decisions as those characters and then experience the consequences of their decisions. WILL has designed, developed, and delivered over 100 simulations, 20 of which earned “Best Training Solution of the Year” recognition. WILL simulations portray real life environments and situations.

They have been shown to improve user adaptability and flexibility by growing their critical thinking and decisionmaking skills.

VT MÄK VT MÄK develops software for live, virtual and constructive MTI 21.5 | 25

Advancing fires simulation saves time, money and lives.

By Patrick Clarke, MTI Correspondent You would think using artillery would be simple. Just point the tube and light the fuse. That was true for our forefathers, but the modern day warfighter faces a much more complicated system. What if the target is out of sight or moving? Is there a sandstorm or heavy winds? Environmental factors must be taken into account. Artillery support is needed. Call for fire has several components: • • • • • •

Observer identification Warning order Target location Description of target Method of engagement Method of fire and control including choice of munitions and fuse Target location alone is not simple. There are four scenarios: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Polar Plot Laser Polar Plot. The fire direction control (FDC) soldier needs to know as quickly as possible if the observer is using a laser. Although the data are still polar, the backup computer system uses a different format from the fire mission Shift From a Known Point Grid

26 | MTI 21.5

There’s more, but you get the idea. Since learning on the job is not a good idea, training is needed. Virtual simulation (VS) has improved warfighter performance and is cost effective. Several companies working with the military have taken on the task of fires training.

Shannon D. Judnic, G7/chief, Mission Simulation Center, Fires Center of Excellence noted, “The first place leaders and soldiers are introduced to simulations is at the Fires Center of Excellence (FCoE) here at Fort Sill, Okla. The immersive training allows the leader or soldier to feel they are out in the field when they are actually just in a simulated environment that replicates being in the field.” Judnic continued, “They also have the benefit of using simulated military equipment (SME) which allows students to experience the same fit, form and function of actual tactical devices. The SME cost saver benefits include lower cost than using the actual device and all actual devices go to the operational force for their use at homestation or deployed.”

Judnic reviewed the advantages of VS, such as the fact that repetition involved develops “muscle memory.” Cost savings for ammunition and fuel alone saved approximately $104 million in fiscal year 2016. More importantly VS training allows the soldiers to learn from mistakes without severe repercussions.

Bohemia Interactive Simulations (BISim) has developed a complete VS training package that can also be used for certification and retraining to sharpen skills. The package is called Virtual Battlespace www.MTI-dhp.com

3 (VBS3) that is quite comprehensive and is constantly being improved. VBS3 allows a user to simulate targeting, provide fire support, counter air threats, interdict enemy operations, conduct strategic attacks, and assess the results of employment. A user can build larger geo-specific terrains, involve more participants, and create more complex scenarios to meet unit mission objectives.

“Our newest version of (v3.9.1) helps enable more realistic nighttime operations training and close air support (CAS) coordination training exercises,” said John Givens, president, BISim. Those new features include: • targeting pods with infrared (IR) lasers that include easy-to-use slew to grid feature on optics • a ROVER video feed of the pod view, and the ability to configure users in aircraft Immersive training allows the leader or soldier to feel they are out in the field when they are actually just in a simu• updated IR strobes that can be attached lated environment that replicates being in the field. U.S. DoD photo to any object, with selectable flash rates • Added new waypoints for easier control object blends into the real world better than current augmented realof the AC-130 and easier creation of strafing runs with aircraft in ity approaches.”

VBS3 Another player in fires training simulation is Raytheon. The • Added grenade-launchable IR illumination flares for practice company helped design and develop a way to network and blend live, using them. For training administrators, we have made IR flares virtual and constructive training for the U.S. Army. Their approach available via editor object for practicing when and where to call allows multiple, large units, geographically separated by hundreds for support or thousands of kilometers, to train together in a common virtual • Marker lights in VBS3 are now synced and can be displayed over operating environment. For example; Raytheon developed a solution a dedicated server and can be recorded and displayed in after that allows for geo-relocation of live trainers in real time. Actual units action review (AAR) conducting live training in Romania can appear on a huge simulated map next to units conducting live trainGivens outlined a VBS3 AAR technology “which can ing in Germany. That allows for scenarios to be written record the events as they occur through a timeline. The that can train units together in the same virtual battle AAR can then be replayed and observed from a variety space. Raytheon’s current system can tie in multiple of angles or views (even enemy viewpoints), to inspect training locations and can train with up to 100,000 live and discover how events unfolded during the scenario and simulated trainers. from a very narrow scope up to the overall mission.”

Called the Joint Multinational Readiness Center InHe continued “The AAR also provides 2D views, showing strumentation System (JMRC-IS), their training system how units acted and maneuvered while conducting consists of both a fixed and mobile suite of sensors, their mission, and can show how all units within the cameras, training instrumentation, communications area of operations conducted in parallel or response and computer networks working together to create a to any set of events. Finally, the AAR provides basic blended training environment. statistics to include: how far units traveled, how many John Givens According to Eric W. Nantz, European Region operarounds fired, and the number of friendly, enemies, and tions chief at Raytheon Company, “... soldiers in the civilians injured or killed.” VBS3 is in use by the U.S. field (artillery, observers, leaders, etc.) perform their military and our allies including NATO’s Joint Force task exactly as required in combat operations (setTraining Centre, based in Bydgoszcz, Poland. ting the artillery position, fire coordination, spotting, Looking toward the future Givens mentioned images, etc.). The tactical engagement simulation resolution improvement in VR goggles for long range gear and the instrumentation system, combined with targets. “Lightfield technology is a new approach to constructive and virtual models, provides the integraaugmented reality. It isn’t available yet. It will make the tion with mission command systems needed to run the augmented reality experience more realistic and visucombat training in this simulated environment.” ally more impressive.” The technology “Uses lightfields.

Nantz continued, “The unit participating in the exerInstead of 3d software simulating depth of field and cise is actually bringing their artillery pieces—and they lighting, the images are projected into the eye in such will have to go through their firing procedures during a way that the human eye can focus on virtual object Bobby Wise the event. This exercise is aimed at training the entire as they would a real object. This means that the virtual www.MTI-dhp.com

MTI 21.5 | 27

indirect fire control system, up to the Brigade commander. The brigade CO has to make real time decisions about the prioritization of indirect fire assets and about artillery utilization.”

One of the important facets of this training is the Mobile Instrumentation System (MIS) capability. This allows Raytheon to extend the system itself to multinational locations. JMRCIS has an exportable Combat Training Center Instrumentation System capability that allows a simulation to be connected to the terrain at the JMRC in Hohenfels/Grafenwöhr, Germany, to anywhere in the world through the use of the deployable equipment that connects back to Hohenfels. Raytheon’s expeditionary equipment can also be deployed in a stand-alone configuration at any training location.

Raytheon recently used JMRC-IS to help the U.S. Army in partnership with NATO conduct exercise Swift Response 16. Ten NATO nations participated. The event demonstrated that JMRC The U.S. Army Fires Center of Excellence estimates that the cost savings for ammunition and fuel alone saved approximately $104 million in fiscal year 2016. More importantly VS training allows the soldiers to learn from mistakes has the capability to integrate live training into without severe repercussions. U.S. DoD photo the virtual, constructive and gaming models across multiple countries. nal learning objectives of a joint fires observer, including the execution Fidelity Technologies’ approach to fires training is based on vertiof fire plans (schedule of fires on a timeline).” cally integrated corporate strategy. Bobby Wise, business development Fidelity covers the target location methods mentioned in the intromanager, simulation and training systems at Fidelity explained, “what duction. In addition to grid, polar, and shift they include laser polar and this means is that we are able to have total control over the direclaser adjust. The company also has the capability to mass fires using tion of our product line by minimizing or eliminating dependencies on multiple firing units on a single target. Their system can set the targets outside vendors. Nearly every aspect of the joint fires solution can be in positions that offer obscurations that have to be taken into considerconstructed by Fidelity. This includes an image generation (IG) system ation by the trainee (hills or buildings that are on the gun target line). called FidViewEX that was purpose-built from the ground up for joint Fidelity’s systems also take into account environmental factors in fires training.” Wise went on to say, “Having our own IG, database team, targeting and execution. Wind will affect smoke obscuration (direction and visual team gives us many advantages. We are able to leverage and speed), and clouds (height and density) will affect aircraft visibility. government funded terrain data and ingest it into our systems giving Fidelity’s weather effects include rain, snow fog, and sandstorms that the customer geo-specific terrains for mission rehearsal exercises. We can be set globally on the terrain, or localized. can also rapidly tailor our models to exacting customer specifications In addition to selling their products directly, Fidelity also provides so that each customer gets the exact solution they desire.” Fidelity is fee for service rental systems and instructors. While fixed-site training fully accredited under the Joint Terminal Attack Controller Memorandum systems were the most common, Wise believes, “having the flexibility of Agreement (JTAC MOA). to offer a training service package where we come to you for a specific The company designs and builds their own simulated military period of time with systems, instructors and operators makes good devices to replicate the exact form, fit and function of the operational sense. It allows units greater flexibility to receive training on range equipment. Fidelity also developed a tracking system for their devices locations during training exercises and allows procurement agencies that provides a greater degree of accuracy for tracking the student’s more avenues to get the right degree of training to a greater number of position and gaze orientation during the training. end-users without costly infrastructure requirements.”

Fidelity’s team of subject matter experts lead product design and Fidelity offers comprehensive after action evaluation (AAE) packperform testing and quality assurance functions. This team consists ages. In addition to recording every action that the trainee takes, of combat veterans with backgrounds in all aspects of joint fires (fire communications are recorded, every button press made on virtual or direction control, JTAC, artillery and aviation). Wise noted,” Because simulated military devices is registered, and forms received or filled out product development is subordinate to our subject matter expert team, are also recorded. we are able to create products that truly address the challenges of Fidelity includes a feature called during action replay. At any time, training. Our weapons effects are accurate to the size and delivery of the Instructor can rewind the exercise to replay what just happened each type of ordnance utilized (naval, air, and surface—based fires). Our and reinforce teaching points, then enter back into the exercise. A timeaircraft delivery profiles accurately replicate the tactics, techniques and line is also shown where the instructor can make annotations. procedures for weapon release utilized by actual fixed-wing and rotaryDuring the AAE, events are recorded, and at the conclusion a wing aircraft.” Wise went on to say, ”We cover all the aspects of what portable package (take home package) can be created for replay on any a forward observer or JTAC will require for certification/qualification. We computer. This allows the trainee an opportunity to review the exercise start with providing a detailed view of the battlefield that will allow the and aids in understanding their role in fires observer to conduct a terrain sketch and then move through all termi28 | MTI 21.5

www.MTI-dhp.com

• Mini JOBSS-Compact - with the full training capabilities, for oneLooking toward the future, Wise cautioned, “Mobile and wireless techon-one training any time anywhere. It is laptop operation based, nologies and cloud storage also pose security issues for protecting data packed with generic SME and includes connection to several from malicious attacks. With any innovation, the challenges to safeguard working docks for the same scenario. new capabilities will take time to solve.”

• JOBSS Mobile - a mobile training simulator that deploys anywhere Battlespace Simulations Inc. (BSI) teams with other companies to within a very short time. take a holistic approach. BSI partners with Quantadyn and MetaVR. Gary DeYoung, BSI president commented, “Our flagship product, MACE [Modern The mobile version of the JOBSS system is mounted Air Combat Environment], is used in a wide variety of on a specialized vehicle and enables field training of fire training systems all accredited by the Joint Fire Support support elements by simulating the video sources and Executive Steering Committee. MACE is a software apgenerating virtual scenarios for the training session. plication that provides what is called CGF/SAF—computer Oren Sheinfeld, vice president marketing and generated/semi-automated forces. DeYoung continued, sales, Bagira Systems added, “All of the fires tasks are “MACE-based fires training systems include the recently included; from the first steps of mission preparations awarded Joint Terminal Control Training and Rehearsal through the stages of target locating, all the way to the System, primed by Quantadyn, the Advanced Air National point of fire operating. The system enables, at the end Guard JTAC Training System, also led by Quantadyn, the of the process, a full AAR of each stage along the way, Combined Arms Virtual Environment for the U.S. Navy including feedback and grade to each trainee.” Sheinfeld as well roughly 24 desktop systems spread around Air concluded, “Bagira will continuously develop, improve Combat Command and Air Force Special Operations Oren Sheinfeld and provide value-added products and services to our Command.” DeYoung explained, “All of these systems use clients, for the purpose of optimizing their mission readiboth MACE and MetaVR’s Virtual Reality Scene Generator ness.”

(VRSG). MACE does all the scenario/entity generation and As you can see fires simulation is a complex task. Our forefathers physics models, and VRSG generates the terrain and visual models. would be amazed.  The BSI perspective also differs from that of other companies.

DeYoung clarified, “…game-based systems, while certainly capable of providing value, are not well suited for simulating highly contested battlespaces. BSI’s background is in electronic warfare; in fact all undergraduate combat systems officers (CSOs) in the USAF train with our software in-flight on the T-1A CSO aircraft.”

DeYoung believes in their holistic approach as opposed to what he calls a “deep and narrow” route. DeYoung continued, “Our customers don’t want to hook up five CGF/SAFs to their simulator in order to generate compelling scenarios. This is what happens when you go the ‘deep and narrow’ route. When our customers introduce MACE into their environments, they quickly find they can start reducing the number of CGF/SAF applications they’re using, often down to just MACE.” MACE provides after action evaluation and complies with the Distributed Interactive Simulation standards, and is also one of the few commercial CGF/SAF programs with Main Conference: November 2nd–3rd 2016 a certification for Combat Air Forces Distributed Missions Operations. DeYPost Conference Focus Day: November 4th 2016 oung foresees an upcoming challenge as 5th generation platforms come San Antonio, Texas into play replacing older mechanically scanned radar systems.

Bagira Systems has also been advancing fires simulation. Their Shaping The US Military Flight product JOint-fire BattleSpace Simulator (JOBSS) is based on an advanced Training Community Through scenario generator, which enables the simulation of complex virtual sceIndustry & International narios. Their generator also displays accurate environmental data bases Engagement and technical features. Their image generator enables a user to simulate the battlefield as realistically as possible in the context of any given scenario. JOBSS also incorporates the user’s SME items to provide the trainees with realistic training conditions. The JOBSS system offers full connectivity with the howitzer crew trainer system. This option enables comprehensive training of the entire fire support circle—from the target identification stage through the actual firing by the artillery batteries.

Bagira’s JOBSS system can be operated in several configurations:

20% discount off

•

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JOBSS group - used by the artillery school, in which the instructor provides the missions and follows up the performance of each trainee.

JOBSS Head Quarters - is configured as a full scale brigade task force joint fire center, training the full fire support cycle.

www.MTI-dhp.com

the standard price with Code: MFTUSA_MTTRAININGINTL www.MilitaryFlightTrainingUSA.com

MTI 21.5 | 29

Practice, Practice,

Then Sh

t

By Henry Canaday MTI Correspondent

Using simulation to qualify shooters before heading to the love fire range is becoming the new norm.

Marksmanship training is the foundation of ground war and requires the best training soldiers can be given. Increasingly, best-practice marksmanship training combines both simulated shooting in virtual environments with firing of real weapons on ranges.

Simulated shooting can supplement range fire in several important ways. It can prepare soldiers for ranges so they can make the best use of limited range time. It can simulate a wide variety of combat conditions, including moving targets, that are difficult or impossible to represent on ranges.

And it affords and inexpensive and accessible tool for remedial and reinforcement marksmanship training for soldiers wherever they are stationed.

For example, the Engagement Skills Trainers (EST II) simulate all U.S. Army small arms with realistic targets in varying environments such as desert, forest and urban terrain, noted Robert Dixon of the Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training and Instrumentation (PEO STRI). The Army and Reserves can use ESTs to prepare for live fire, train in reflexive fire, engage moving targets, fire machine guns in pairs and decide whether to escalate force. ESTs are also useful for training in squad gunnery and defense and ambushes, as well as training leaders in command, control and distribution of fire.

Simulated weapons, accessories and ammunition must look, feel and perform like actual weapons, Dixon emphasized. ESTs must simulate the M9 pistol, M4 carbine and rifle, M16A4 assault rifle, M249B, M240 and M2 machine guns, M320 grenade launcher, M4/320, M141 bunker defeat munition, M136 AT-4 light anti-tank weapon and MK-19 grenade launcher—and simulate all these weapons with as close as possible to the same form, fit and feel of real weapons.

EST simulated weapons thus have the same weight, use the same materials and simulate the recoil of actual weapons. Most are real weapons modified to be incapable of chambering live ammunition and hardened to withstand dropping, rough handling and repeated use. Added sensors and electronics communicate with a host computer via a cable, which also simulates the weapon’s recoil. Lasers simulate shots, and the computer translates weapon attitude and firing into the bullet’s flight. Cant, pitch and trigger pull go by 30 | MTI 21.5

(VBS), comprised of 50 laptops with an immersive cable to instructors, so they can correct trainee’s gaming environment package. performance.

The U.S. Marine Corps will begin taking delivery Dixon said ESTs might be made even more of Meggitt Training Systems’ new Indoor Simulated realistic by adding stronger recoils for shotguns.

Marksmanship Trainer (ISMT) in October 2016, And removing lasers and cables would improve according to Colonel Walt Yates, program manager form, fit and feel, but might cost accuracy. for Training Systems at Marine Corps Systems Matching the ballistics of real weapons within Command. Weapons Training Battalion at Quantico a very small margin of error is absolutely key to and select reserve units will get ISMT first, with effective simulation. PEO STRI is now investigating remaining systems phased in during fiscal years simulating realistic recoils without cables. These 2017 and 2018. tetherless systems would still provide sensor data ISMT covers the M-4 and M16A4, M203 grenade but produce recoil within the weapon itself. launcher, M27 automatic rifle, M32 multiple greAnd EST training weapons are fired daily, in nade launcher, M249 and M240B, some cases over 200,000 times the shoulder-launched multipursince 2001. Dixon said stronger pose assault weapon (SMAW), M2, materials that do not compromise MK19, model 870 shotgun and M9, weight would aid durability. He in addition to 60mm and 81mm would also like to see fewer mortars and M72 light antitank points that could bind parts, weapon. springs and electronics as long as ISMT will use two new trigger pull remains realistic. simulation gaming engines, Dixon said modular parts Virtual Battle Space 3 for tactical and flexible data-communication shooting and Crytek’s CryEngine interfaces would aid upgrades. for known-distance strings of EST already has well-defined fire. VBS3 is used in deployable interfaces for communication, Col. Walt Yates training throughout the Corps and but internal components are provides higher-quality graphics tightly integrated, making simple and increased fidelity. ISMT will thus better depict changes, like replacing a barrel, hard to do on a the environment, for example wind, rain and varytight budget. ing light and its effect on round trajectory.

The EST 2000 simulator has also proven its Yates said ISMT includes coaching via wireless value to the Pennsylvania Army National Guard tablets so trainers can change scenarios quickly. for a long time, said Sergeant First Class Michael And ISMT allows Marines to create their own Domalski. “It is primarily used as a marksmanship videos for a variety of scenarios. “The system is trainer to teach soldiers the fundamental skills also more user-friendly, with more customizable needed to be a successful marksman.” in-depth options in drop-down boxes for point and The Guard’s latest device for training individual click.” In summary, ISMT, “will create a more realisinfantry and squads of nine to 15 soldiers is Inteltic environment in which Marines will train.” ligent Decisions’ Dismounted Soldier Training The new system offers 10 scenarios for System. “This simulator offers a platoon leader the crew-served weapons, plus five decision-making ability to train squads in a full, immersive virtual shoot-or-don’t shoot scenarios, in addition to environment where the soldier wears a backpackvideos Marines can create with an authoring stasize computer with a virtual reality headset and tion. Artillery fire can be injected or enemies added simulated weapon,” Domalski explained. during firing.

With Pennsylvania Guard units spread from Colonel Patrick Hittle, director of training & Philadelphia to Scranton, Erie and Pittsburgh, soleducation capabilities, noted that one ISMT can diers need systems that are both mobile and agile train up to five Marines on individual skills or up to enough to train in several tasks. One example of eight in small-unit skills. And several ISMTs can be such a system is the Virtual Battle Space simulator www.MTI-dhp.com

connected to train larger groups using individual and crew-served weapons. He expects 625 ISMTs to be eventually deployed to active Marines, reserves, embassy and ship security forces and amphibious ships.

Hittle said ISMT can be upgraded for new functions and weapons. For example, his unit is looking at drop-in bolts and surrogate magazines, so Marines could train with their own rifles rather than simulated rifles. He is also considering simulation of non-lethal weapons for law-enforcement training.

Hittle stressed ISMT will not replace live fire, but give recruits initial and remedial training, student officers preparation for ranges and operating forces regular training prior to range firing.

Yates expects ISMT to be very durable, with a mean time between failure of 1,700 hours, double or triple that of current equipment. “Prototypes have been extremely reliable.” And ISMT uses Windows 10, versus Windows XP in older equipment, providing additional durability and ease of use.

Several firms are actively engaged in manufacturing and continuously improving simulated marksmanship training systems. For example, Cubic makes a family of Engagement Skills Trainers (ESTs) that teach infantrymen how to shoot, when to shoot and then how to maneuver, explained Bert Ges, a 25-year Army veteran and now senior program director of integrated training solutions at Cubic.

Ges said the EST 2000 is the only virtual skills training system validated by the U.S. Army Infantry School. It can handle up to 15 lanes of training, giving instant feedback on performance. And EST 2000 trains individual marksmen, squads in completing essential tasks and all soldiers in judgments of when to shoot. The EST 2000 is meant for permanent training centers.

Cubic’s EST DS for Dismounted Soldiers is a much smaller version of the 2000, with each training cell only 48 square feet. It has been developed in prototype only.

Cubic’s new EST 3000 is a highly portable system that can be carried in two pelican pallets and set up in 25 minutes wherever it is needed.

Ges said it is ideal for deployed soldiers who need to work on shooting skills in theater or for reserve commands that need training at thousands of locations. In addition to portability, the EST 3000 can move soldiers across terrain and offers gameengine graphics.

Cubic is constantly working on making its EST line more realistic and flexible. For example, firing kicks are replicated by either a tethered system or, when the weapons is not tethered, by a CO2 charge in the magazine. Cubic is now exploring another recoil system that could also work without a tether. www.MTI-dhp.com

to integrate more closely its virtual and liveEST’s simulation weapons are now demilitraining tools, so these can be merged smoothly tarized versions of standard infantry weapons, in holistic marksmanship training. retaining their form, fit and feel. That is, bolts Raydon makes a series of virtual trainers for are removed, laser-firing devices are added, wheeled and tracked vehicles, including the Virand sensors for breathing, cant right or left and tual Convoy Operations Trainer, several Unstabitrigger squeeze are also added, but in a way that lized Gunnery Trainers and a Stryker Gunnery and maintains original weight and balance. The laser Maneuver Trainer. The company uses the latest takes into account trajectory fall over different training technologies for the sake of realism, not distances according to Army and Marine Corps technology itself, stressed Ernie Audino, senior specifications, and the sensors give instructors vice president, a former Army brigadier general. clear guidance on why, as well as how much, “We start with a clear identification of the precise trainees may fail in accuracy. training objective and then nest everything else But these demilitarized standard weapons to that.” If a technology is irrelevant to training do not reflect the actual weapons, with all the objectives, it is not used. “That is how we drive attachments like slings and scopes and lights up training effect while driving down cost.” and other gear added, that soldiers actually carry.

The firm is combining motion technologies So, on the principle that soldiers should train with un-stabilized weapon capabilities. “Firing with the same weapons they fight with, Cubic is a machine gun is not the most difficult thing in considering a new system in which each soldier’s the world,” Audino noted. “Firing it accurately weapon could be quickly converted to a training is another matter, and firing it accurately while version for use in EST ranges. someone is shooting at you is practically divine.”

Much realism would be gained by this apThe Raydon exec said the same rules apply proach, and Ges said Cubic could convert real to accurately firing an un-stato training versions quickly. But bilized machine gun or grenade the Cubic exec acknowledges launcher from a moving vehicle. there could be drawbacks to this “Even if doctrine suggests bringapproach. For instance, instrucing the vehicle to a short halt in tors would lose some of those order to put steel on target, the valuable sensors if real weapons enemy doesn’t wait for a short were used. And training use of halt.” soldiers’ real weapons would Paying close attention to increase wear on parts and state-of-art training tools helps decrease real- weapon life.

Raydon produce cutting-edge Meggitt Training Systems is systems that are reliable and now delivering the newest EST easy to live with. “If systems II systems to the Army at Fort Col. Patrick Hittle are not, if they are logistically Benning and will soon deliver untenable, no one uses them,” ISMTs to the Marines, explained Audino said.

Larry Raines, vice president of Virtual Systems.

So Raydon uses commercial-off-the-shelf Both are based on Meggitt’s FATS 100e advanced components wherever suitable. “They don’t get reality training simulator, customized for the picked if they haven’t proven reliable under actual needs of each service. use,” Audino said. “Because they are COTS, they These new systems introduce 3-D and are simple and easy to maintain.” When practienhanced graphics for better training immercable, this approach avoids the pain, delay and sion. Graphics also provide feedback on landing expense of proprietary components. of indirect shots in 3-D. Sensors help automate Moreover, smart use of COTS tools both coaching, showing both coaches and students solves present training needs and anticipates the shooting results and flagging errors in technique future. Raydon analyzes training requirements for that need correction. Tablet PCs on the firing line both a close fight and deep fight. This makes its can pull up manuals to help improve shooting. solutions modular from inception. And modularity In addition, EST II and ISMT use VBS3 as a game in turn yields affordable adaptation, networking engine for squad training. and upgrades for future missions or conditions.

Raines said Meggitt immerses trainees in Audino said real training occurs during after reality graphically and tactilely now, but is looking action reviews. So “Raydon integrates AAR into for further realism. It is investigating technoloevery training capability we offer. We are now gies that can mimic battlefield sounds—birds, exploring ways to dramatically enhance the AAR wind blowing, engine noises—and even smells so experience with some highly-promising, new-tothat trainees can learn to control breathing and market capabilities.”  pulses under combat stress. The firm also wants MTI 21.5 | 31

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Human-Centered Engineering

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Calendar September 21-22, 2016 Military Flight Training London, UK www.smi-online.co.uk/defence/uk/ conference/military-flight-training September 27-29, 2016 Modern Day Marine Quantico, Va. www.marinemilitaryexpos.com/ modern-day-marine.shtml October 3-5, 2016 AUSA Annual Washington, D.C. http://ausameetings. org/2016annualmeeting/ November 1-4, 2016 Military Flight Training USA San Antonio, Texas http://www. militaryflighttrainingusa.com

November 16-17, 2016 Close Air Support Conference Reading, UK www.omconf.com

February 19-23, 2017 IDEX Abu Dhabi, UAE www.idexuae.ae

November 28-December 2, 2016 I/ITSEC Orlando, Fla. www.iitsec.org

March 13-15, 2017 Global Force Symposium Huntsville, Ala. www.ausa.org/events/ global-force-symposium-andexposition-2017

January 17-18, 2017 MilSim Asia Singapore www.milsimasia.com January 24-26, 2017 ShieldAfrica Abidjan, Cote d’ Ivoire www.shieldafrica.com

Associate Publisher Holly Foster hollyf@defense-house.com Correspondents PETER BUXBAUM • HENERY CANADAY • PATRICK CLARKE • ANDREW DRWIEGA • Hank Hogan • KAREN THUERMER Publication Design Jennifer Owers • James Scott Cassidy

32 | MTI 21.5

March 28-29, 2017 Military Flight Training London, UK www.militaryflighttraining.com April 22-29, 2017 Army Aviation Missions Solutions Summit Nashville, Tn. www.quad-a.org

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May 16-18, 2017 SOFIC Tampa, Fla. www.ndia.org May 16-18, 2017 ITEC Amsterdam, Netherlands www.itec.co.uk May 22-25, 2017 Special Operations Medical Association Scientific Assembly and Exhibition Charlotte, N.C. www.specialoperationsmedicine. org/Pages/scientificassembly.aspx June 6-8, 2017 ISDEF Tel Aviv, Israel www.isdefexpo.com

CEO & Managing Director Jeff McKaughan jeffm@defense-house.com Contact Information Defense House Publishing P.O. Box 236 Forest Hill, Maryland 21050 USA Telephone: 443-243-1710 Fax: 410-838-0224 www.mti-dhp.com­

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TEAM ORLANDO Sailor 2025: Transformational Navy training initiative focused on optimizing a sailor’s on-the-job performance.

The Naval Air Warfare Center Training System Division (NAWCTSD) is front and center as part of a new program that started out as a group of independent initiatives aimed at modernizing the personnel system. Sailor 2025 is a transformational Navy training initiative focused on optimizing a sailor’s on-the-job performance across their careers in an efficient and cost effective manner. It’s focused on three areas: modernizing the entire personnel system, updating the training process and enriching Navy culture.

The area in which NAWCTSD is involved focuses on the second pillar for modernizing the training process, and the group of initiatives called ready, relevant learning. It’s about getting the right training to the right sailor at the right time.

“When we talk about training in the Navy, there’s a lot of training that occurs, and what people tend to think of is, operational training or general military training,” said Rob Matthews, deputy technical direcetor at NAWCTSD. “But training that’s often been overlooked by the Navy, although we apply resources to it, is how we train our sailors who maintain our systems and operate some of those systems. NAWCTSD’s involvement in the Sailor 2025 initiative will focus on the enlisted Sailor and providing their training in a more modernized fashion.”

The Chief of Naval Personnel and Strategic Innovation Group (SIG) studied the Navy’s 78 ratings, or specialties, and based on a number of factors, as well as trying to touch a variety of communities, came up with the initial six pilots for modernization in FY 2017. Beginning in FY 2018, the Navy will target a minimum of 15 ratings per year. Because of NAWCTSD’s expertise, they will potentially be involved in the future ratings.

“All of these ratings have a varying amount of training that must be completed,” said Matthews. “Sailors go to boot camp, then depending on the rating of their job, they might have two weeks of school, or a year or more of school.

Naval Education Training Center is taking a hard look at what is necessary now and what can be pushed out to the waterfront for sailors to use at a more appropriate time in their tour.” www.MTI-dhp.com

Once they make those decisions, NAWCTSD’s role will be to figure out for those first six pilot ratings how they can best modernize that solution.

“No longer will our sailors have to go back to the schoolhouse to get that two or three weeks of training; it may be delivered through an iPad, or through on-the-job training, or because the job is done so infrequently, a simple job aid may suffice,” Matthews explained We’re going to be looking at the different modernized delivery methods that we can provide training through.”

One of the main reasons why NAWCTSD was asked to help in this initiative is due to the science of learning that their researchers and instructional systems development experts bring to the table. “Anyone can take curriculum and deliver it on an iPad, but we need to ensure the proper information is being learned at that point, and that the transfer is also occurring,” Matthews explained.

Matthews said that as time evolves, the Navy is also going to introduce intelligent tutoring concepts. “The delivery method of the solutions is multi-mode. We know that people learn in different fashions, so if I have a sailor who learns better by reading a book versus seeing a video versus hands-on learning, we need to prepare for that and provide the process that allows people to understand what type of training that individual needs.”

Part of that understanding will be ensuring the Navy has prepared the trainers by providing them proper training. “The Navy does a pretty good job of teaching our instructors, but we’re excited to bring in our Team Orlando partners, such as the University of Central Florida and their expertise, to learn how we might do it even better.”

With regard to industry partners, Matthews feels this effort will not be the traditional acquisition program that folks are used to seeing with NAWCTSD. It will be a

heavily content-related effort that will include modernized delivery solutions.

“I think it might be a greater opportunity for what would be viewed as typical commercial industry partners rather than our normal purely defense industry partners; not to say there won’t be opportunities for defense industry, but there’s needed technology and expertise they don’t typically bring to the table,” Matthews noted. “The anticipation is a lot more teaming because of the numerous aspects that need to be integrated into the program.”

One of the key aspects will be the data analytics that go with it. “We don’t want to just teach our sailors; we want to find out information about how they’re learning,” Matthews said. “We want to analyze that data to see how we can improve it and understand the trends.”

“The number one goal is readiness,” Matthews reiterated. “We’re supporting the executive agent for this program, Fleet Forces Command and the Chief of Naval Personnel (N1), and improving our readiness to the fleet. If we save money, that’s an added benefit.”  MTI 21.5 | 33

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