Canada
Some background on the Australian industry qCompetiveness?? ØDon’t have the major diseases (PRRS ,Swine influenza ,PEDv) experienced by N America and Europe ØA collaborative and inclusive R&D and training model (Pork CRC and APL) ØProximity to Asia ØDifferentiated production – 80% of industry group house pregnant sows at weaning or within five days of mating ØDemand for Australian fresh pork increasing 3-4% annually over last four years and driving profitability and growth.
qChallenges ØReproduction?? ØFeed costs ØHousing – old ØClimate and water ØRegulation
A snap shot of the industry Statistic Producers (n) Sows (n) Slaughtered (000) Carcass weight (kg)* Volume (Tonne) Exports (Tonne) Imports (Tonne) Per capita consumption (kg) Fresh (kg) Processed (kg)
2015 1,400 277,000 4,930 74 372,658 34,093 172,000 26.0 9.8 16.2
Performance Indicators for selected countries (2014) Country/ Indicator
AUSTRALIA Canada
USA
Denmark
Netherlands GB
COP ($ AUS/kg
2.71
2.02
2.02
2.56
2.73
2.90
Feed ($AUS/tonne)
438
348
327
421
465
475
HFC (Kg/kg CWT)
3.68
3.90
3.94
3.65
3.72
HFC (MJDE/kg CW)
51.2
52.3
56.3
51.1
3.44 48.2
Pigs weaned/sow/y Pigs sold/sow/y
23.4
22.7
24.6
30.5
29.2
24.1
22.4
21.5
22.4
28.5
27.8
22.7
Carcass weight (kg)
78
98
97
84
92
80.5
Carcass/sow/y (kg progeny)
1747
2105
2167
2378
2565
1823
Wean-finish mortality (%)
4.0
5.5
8.9
6.6
4.8
5.9
carcass weight)
52.8
Putting industries in context –prices in 14 and 15 Country
AUSTRALIA
EU
USA
Canada
Brazil
2014
3.15 (2.71)
2.50 (2.80)
2.65 (2.02)
2.64 (2.02)
2.25 (2.12)
2015
3.35
2.10
1.93
1.80
1.80
2016
3.80
??
??
??
??
Price ($AUS/kg CW)
Major research outcomes qUnderstanding the factors affecting the welfare and performance of group housed sows qUnderstanding and enhancing the welfare of sows and piglets in lactation (in crates) qNIRS calibrations for determining the DE of grains and total and available lysine in SBM and canola meal qDisease diagnostics and antimicrobial resistance for major enteric and respiratory pathogens qImproving the eating quality of Australian pork – a challenge q First LCA on green house gas emissions from Australian pork –fascinating qSingle diet for grower-finisher pigs –I like it? qStrategies for reducing the impact of disease and immune challenge on pig performance and health
Quick update on NIRS calibrations for amino acids in soy bean meal and canola meal q Calibrations now available on line for both soy bean meal and canola meal –AusScan On Line qCalibrations can be loaded onto NIRS machines -remotely qSBM – total amino acids ,reactive lysine and SID amino acids qCanola – total amino acids and reactive lysine
Variation in lysine and reactive lysine content of SBM (1439 samples)
Variation in canola meal total and reactive lysine
In tabulated form Item
Median value
Upper value
Lower value
Soy bean meal (1430 samples) Total lysine (g/kg)
28.2
32.0
24.4
Reactive lysine (g/kg)
26.8
32.0
19.6
Reactive lysine/total lysine (%)
94.2
100
80.4
Total Lysine (g/kg)
20.6
21.9
17.0
Reactive Lysine (g/kg)
17.6
19.0
14.7
Reactive lysine/total lysine (%)
85.4
88.8
82.3
Canola meal (132 samples)
Where to Next?
Enhancing health and performance qInflammation: its cost and amelioration qRecent advances in improving feed efficiency
Inflammation –the hidden killer of efficiency qTwo recent studies Ø Use of a cortisol agonist ØSulphur amino acids and Tryptophan levels for E coli challenged pigs qSome practical strategies
Effects of administering a cortisol agonist on weaner pig performance q STUDY CO N D UC TED IN USA q THREE TREATM EN TS BETW EEN DAY 1 BEFO RE W EAN IN G AT 23 DAYS TO DAY 5 PO ST W EAN IN G - W EIGHT AT W EAN IN G 5.8 KG Ø PIGLETS REM AIN ED O N THE SOW Ø PIGLETS IN JEC TED W ITH SALIN E AT DAYS -1 AN D DAY 3 Ø PIGLETS IN JEC TED W ITH D EXAM ETHASO N E (D EX), A CO RTISO L AGO N IST (CA) -0.2 M G/KG BW
Effects on Villus height (um-duodenum)
Effects on live weight at day 5
Effects on feed conversion ratio
Effects on haptoglobin at day 5
Effects on Interleukin 1 Beta
Effects of Sulphur amino acid and Tryptophan levels on the performance and inflammation in E coli challenged pigs q STUDY INVOLVING PIGS WEANED AT 23 DAYS OF AGE q PIGLETS CHALLENGED WITH ETEC AT DAYS 5,6 AND 7 q PERFORMANCE ASSESSED OVER 14 DAYS q ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN INDEX DEVELOPED BASED ON BLOOD MEASURES AT DAYS 5 ,8 AND 14 q TREATMENTS Ø TRYPTOPHAN:LYSINE RATIOS 0.16 AND 0.24 Ø SAA:LYSINE RATIOS 0.52 AND 0.60 q ADDITIONAL DIETARY TRP AND (OR) SAA WOULD IMPROVE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND AMELIORATE INDICATORS OF INFLAMMATION IN WEANER PIGS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI.
Effects on feed conversion ratio
Effects on Acute Phase Protein Index
Results with grower pigs q Pigs starting at 65 kg qControl qChallenged with LPS (injected) qFour SAA:Lysine ratios –achieved using Methionine Ø0.45 Ø0.55 Ø0.65 Ø0.75
Effects on growth rate and carcass weight Growth Rate (g/d)
Carcass weight Control
Control LPS
1200 1100
68
1000
66
900
64
65.5 64
60
700
58
600
56
500
54
400
52
300
64.6 64.5 62.8
61.3
62
800
LPS
59 56
50 0.45
0.55
0.65
SAA:Lysine ratio
0.75
0.45
0.55
0.65
SAA:Lysine ratio
0.75
Technologies available q Higher Vitamin E levels after weaning
qAspirin qHigher Sulphur amino acid levels (Methionine) –all stages of production.
Improving finisher pig feed efficiency qFinisher pigs use 45%-55% of total feed from weaning to sale qGrowth rate is relatively easy to manipulate qThere has been little progress in improving feed efficiency over the last 10 years – beyond PST and Ractopamine (and genetics) qThere may be a glimmer of hope based on recent R&D in Australia – costs to be determined
Manipulating intake in finisher pigs q ST U DY W I T H E N T I R E M A L ES A N D I M M U N O C A ST R AT ES Ø STA RT I N G W E I G H T - 7 5 KG Ø D U R AT I O N - 2 8 DAY S Ø S EC O N D I M P RO VA C VA C C I N AT I O N G I V E N AT STA RT O F E X P E R I M E N T q T R EAT M E N T S Ø C O N T RO L – C O N V E N T I O N A L D I E T Ø 3 % C A LC I U M C H LO R I D E D I - H Y D R AT E , 1 . 6 % S O D I U M T R I P O LY P H O S P H AT E – SA LT S Ø LU P I N A L B U S - 3 0 % F O R DAY 0 - 7 , 1 5 % D 7 - 1 4 A N D 2 0 % F O R D 1 5 - 2 8
Effects on feed intake 0-28 days P<0.001
Moore 2016
Effects on growth rate 0-28 days P<0.001
Effects on feed conversion ratio 0-28 days P=0.001
Effects on carcass weight
Effects on P2 (carcass weight used as a covariate) P=0.005
Suppressing Feed Intake in finisher Pigs q IN D IVID UALLY HO USED FEM ALE PIGS q STARTIN G W EIGHT -76 KG q D URATIO N -21 DAYS q FO UR TREATM EN TS Ø CO N TRO L –CO N VEN TIO N AL D IET Ø CO N TRO L PLUS 4% CA CL2+2.2% N A5P3O 10 (SALTS) Ø 120 M G/KG CHEN O D EXYCHO LIC ACID (CD CA - TO P D RESSED ) Ø 5% LAURIC ACID
Results Treatment
Control
Salts
CDCA
LA
Significance
Final weight (kg)
93.8
89.8
94.9
93.4
0.039
Feed intake (kg/d) 3.56
3.01
3.37
3.20
0.007
Daily gain (kg)
1.28
1.09
1.33
1.26
0.039
FCR (kg/kg)
2.81
2.81
2.52
2.55
0.023
Pluske etal 2015