09.04.01 Presentation

Fluid Dynamics

Fluid Dynamics n. (used with a sing. verb) The branch of applied science that is concerned with the movement of gases and liquids.

FLUID DYNAMICS - JENNA EMMANOUILIDES

Definitions Laminar flow

Vortex:

–noun Hydraulics, Mechanics. the flow of a viscous fluid in which particles of the fluid move in parallel layers, each of which has a constant velocity but is in motion relative to its neighboring layers.

A vortex (pl. vortices) is a spinning, often turbulent, flow of fluid. Any spiral motion with closed streamlines is vortex flow. The motion of the fluid swirling rapidly around a center is called a vortex. The speed and rate of rotation of the fluid are greatest at the center, and decrease progressively with distance from the center.

Turbulent flow –noun Hydraulics. the flow of a fluid past an object such that the velocity at any fixed point in the fluid varies irregularly.

Cavitation n.

1. The sudden formation and collapse of lowpressure bubbles in liquids by means of mechanical forces, such as those resulting from rotation of a marine propeller.

2. The pitting of a solid surface.

3. Medicine. The formation of cavities in a body tissue or an organ, especially those formed in the lung as a result of tuberculosis.

FLUID DYNAMICS - DEFINITION

Hummingbird

a) Forward b) Hovering c) Backward a)

Hovering Motion (Rear View)

b)

c)

Hovering Motion (Top View)

A hummingbird can fly forwards, backwards, up, down, sideways or hover in space. For a humming bird to hover, their wings move forward and backwards in a repetitive figure eight.

Hummingbirds produce 75% of their weight support during the down stroke and 25% during the upstroke. Some of this asymmetry could be due to inversion of their cambered wings during upstroke.

What makes a humming bird aerodynamic are the vortices produced by the motion of its wings.

FLUID DYNAMICS - HUMMINGBIRD

Hummingbird - DeHavilland DH 53 Hummingbird

The wake of the hummingbirds wings demonstrates that small vortices are created during the hummingbirds down stroke, indicating that the ratio of internal forces is extremely low, allowing an upwards stroke to follow, thus operating at Reynolds number sufficiently low enough to exploit a key mechanism, typical to that of an insect hovering.

Therefore it may be possible that the hummingbird is exploiting a key mechanism typical to that of an insect hovering.

FLUID DYNAMICS - HUMMINGBIRD

Gipps TAFE Warragul Learning Centre Paul Morgan Architects

“...The building envelope is like an industrial design object: wind and sun studies have produced an aerodynamic building shell for the 5 Star sustainable building...�

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Gipps TAFE Warragul Learning Centre Paul Morgan Architects

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AHO-The Old School of Architecture and Design Marcus Runesson

“... Force & operator relationships in dynamic sports as inspiration and generator of urban architecture: Flow is a public space, an urban intervention, an urban installation, a cultural statement and a cultural arena...�

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AHO-The Old School of Architecture and Design Marcus Runesson

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Dynamic Architecture David Fisher

...According to renowned Italian architect Dr. David Fisher, “the Dynamic Tower is the first building designed to be selfpowered, with the ability to generate electricity for itself, as well as for nearby buildings. It achieves this feat with 79 wind turbines, making it a true green power plant.�...

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Dynamic Architecture David Fisher The building’s stable core resembles a thick trunk that runs from the ground up, with the floors acting like branches and leaves that shadow the rhythms of nature. Dr. Fisher states, “Today’s life is dynamic, so the space we are living in should be dynamic as well, adjustable to our needs that change to our concept of design and to our mood. The buildings will follow the rhythms of nature, they will change direction and shape from spring to summer, from sunrise to sunset, and adjust themselves to the weather, these buildings will be alive.”

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Beijing Airport Foster + Partners

“...A symbol of place, its soaring aerodynamic roof and dragon ike form celebrates the thrill of flight and evokes traditional Chinese colours and symbols...�

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Beijing Airport Foster + Partners

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Beijing Airport Foster + Partners

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Lava Michael Schumacher Tower Inspired by the geometrical order of a snowflake and the aerodynamics of a Formula 1 racing car, the tower encapsulates speed, fluid dynamics, future technology and natural patterns of organization.

Rather than purely mimicking shapes in nature for their elegance and unpredictability, the architects learned from nature’s own geometrical orders creating highly efficient structures and intriguing spaces.

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Lava Michael Schumacher Tower

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William McDonough Treescraper Tower of Tomorrow

Curved forms increase structural stability and maximize enclosed space; this reduces the amount of materials needed for construction. The shape is also aerodynamic, diffusing the impact of wind.

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Richard Rogers Millennium Dome, Greenwich

The cables carry both wind uplift and downloads in the same way, resulting in a very efficient structure. This inherent efficiency, combined with the aerodynamic shape of the envelope, means that loads should be small enough to be carried on conventional pad foundations.

Differential settlement of the masts then will be catered for by jacking up the base connections as necessary.

Wind effects are often the driving factor in the design of large roof structures. In particular, turbulent wind flows have the potential to exert significant loading on large lightweight roof structures including augmentations due to dynamic effects.

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Rima Taher Hurrican Proof Building

Studies were conducted on cases such as Hurricane Andrew, which hit Florida in the 1990s, and based on wind-tunnel testing of reduced-scale models, led to the identification of a square building with a four-ridge roof and a vertical element with aerodynamic characteristics as the main structural axis - the shape offering the most resistance to extremely violent natural phenomena.

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Elie Gamburg Belaruskia Train Station in Moscow, skyscraper

Skyscraper to be situated over the existing Belaruska Train Station in Moscow, Russia.

The project delaminates the performative layers necessary for high-rise design structure, weatherized enclosure, solar control, circulation, and mechanical systems

in order to comfort two divergent problems.

Ecollogically the de-laminated layers allow for the “interiorization� of multiple climate zones. Each paired layer of glass traps a zone of passively conditioned air. Each progressive layer of air insulates the layers

within. During times of extreme cold and heat, the inhabitants of the sky scraper can withdraw into the inner layers, and move outwards during optimal weather, or as required without wasting much energy.

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Ben van Berkel, Freek Loos, UN Studio Erasmus Bridge, Rotterdam Vibrations are being induced from a combination of light rain and moderate wind, which causes oscillations on the order of 3 to 4 ft in 650-ft-long cables.

The rain spins around the cable, changing the cross section aerodynamics, causing the fluctuations.

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Nicholas Grimshaw Southerncross Station

The roof shape was designed to do several things including help exhaust diesel fumes from the train station below, protect occupants from the weather, connect old and new areas of the city, and provide a central civic destination for the city. The results are visually compelling and accomplish those goals.

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Nicholas Grimshaw Southerncross Station

“The roof itself makes much of building physics. It is possible to describe the project in terms of structural forces, prevailing winds, and the ventilation of diesel fumes.�

Foreign Office Architects London 2012 Olympic Park, London UK

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FaulknerBrowns with Heatherwick Studio London 2012 Olympic Velodrome, London UK

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Zaha Hadid Poroposal for Olympic Aquatic Centre

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Fluid Flow: Cavitation

Here you can see vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its vapour pressure.

The vapour bubbles surround the jet stream which penetrates the surface of still water due to the change in pressure.

EXPERIMENT 1

Turbulence and Vortices 2500 Twin Turbo Hairdryer

Turbulence from the hairdryer is holding up the christmas decoration. As the airflows you get turbulence above here, and the turbulence creates a lower pressure. Therefore, the vortices which are the turbulence, are keeping the christmas decoration up.The reason why it is so stable is because the velocity at the ball is the highest as it is diverging the air as it is comming out.

When the ball is pushed to the side it has a lower stabilty to one side and is pushed back into the centre.

The stronger the airflow the further the ball sits and the more angulated the air can be directed.

3500 Twin Turbo Hairdryer

EXPERIMENT 2

Various Scales of Density

The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume.

Density can be changed by changing either the pressure or the temperature.

Increasing the pressure will always increase the density of a material.

Variouc sized balloons with different deinsities.

EXPERIMENT 3

Various Scales of Density

Above you can see that the pressure applied to the balloons is minimal.

Allowing them to maintain to a certain extent their original form.

Bellow the pressure upon the balloons has increased, therefore, the density of the balloons has increased.

EXPERIMENT 3.2

Fluid Flow: Cavitation The result of the flow of ice water into hot liquid wax

EXPERIMENT 4

Fluid Flow: Cavitation The result of the flow of ice water into hot liquid wax

EXPERIMENT 4

Interest in Fluid Dynamics I am interested in looking at how an instance of ‘Fluid Flow’ can influence an aerodynamic form. An instance of “Fluid Flow’ in an experiment may be frozen and replicated in a solid form. This form created may then influence the final design in a more aerodynamic nature.

Looking into smoke as an example, as smoke moves through air, its pigmentation allows you to see its gaseous nature move though air in a path of least resistance. An instance of this flow would be captured and amended to suit the required characteristics of the appropriate form required for my design.

QUESTION: If one was to simulate a fluid flow, then the form of an instance during the flow was converted into a physical form, would it have aerodynamic properties?

Exmple: If a moment during the cavitational experiment conducted was captured and produced as a 3d form, if it would act as an aerodynamic structure?

INTERESTS IN FLUID DYNAMICS

Fluid Flow Facade: Bubbles formed during Cavitation experiments

Taking the Cavitation experiment from above, i have considered using ‘bubbles’ which are produced during the experiment to influence the facade.

The proposal is to have ‘bubbles’ on areas of the facade which would internally need ventilation, allowing the facade to have 2 states: an open one; allowing for natural ventilation, as well as a closed state; for the more extreme conditions. The appatures of the ‘bubbles’ would be dependant on the weaher conditions.

The ‘bubbles’ may also have a variety of functions, such as; allowing natural daylight into the building and possibly assist in power generation.

FACADE IDEAS

Fluid Flow Facade: Bubbles formed during Cavitation experiments Using the ‘bubbles’ as a frame for the external skin. This skin would act as an outer shell, protecting the building from extreme conditions and at the same time exposing the building to the conditions which the habitants may require for a more comfortable environemnt internally.

The interntions for this very early scheme is that it not only acts as an external skin, but also acts as part of the buildings facade/structural system where necessary.

The more curvature envolved in the skin/facade, the more intense the ‘bubbles’ become and the smaller.

‘Bubbles’ Frame

Frame

FACADE IDEAS

Examples of Nature: Hyacinth Flower When looking into natural movement in nature, I chose to look at the Hyacinth flower and Pine cone and how they respond naturally to the elements which surround them. Their movements respond to the elements to better protect themselves.

Hyacinth Flower: During the dark and the cold, the Hyacinth flower will close.

However, during the sunlight it will open.

Closed

Open

FACADE IDEAS

Examples of Nature: Pine Cone

Pine Cone: The Pine Cone responds to the natural elements which surrounds it by it too closing during the night, and opening when the sun shines.

FACADE IDEAS

Traditional Islamic Zeliji around a water fountain

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Interior of the Selimiye Mosque (Minar Sinan), Edirne

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Jean Nouvel Office Tower, Doha, Qatar

The exterior of the tower is made from glass covered in a metal skin that is designed, based on a traditional islamic pattern.

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Interior Roof of Feyziyyeh School in Ghom,Iran

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Dome of the Mausoleum of Sultan Qaytbay, Cairo

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Jean Nouvel Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris

Penrose Tiling Sculpture: Decagonal and quasi-crystalline tilings in medieval Islamic architecture

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Islamic Periodic Tiling

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC PERIODIC TILING

Islamic Periodic Tiling

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC PERIODIC TILING

Islamic Periodic Tiling

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC PERIODIC TILING

Islamic Periodic Tiling

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC PERIODIC TILING

Islamic Aperiodic Tiling

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC APERIODIC TILING

Islamic Aperiodic Tiling

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC APERIODIC TILING

Islamic Aperiodic Tiling

TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC APERIODIC TILING