2017 COUNTRY REPORT
MEXICO
CONTENTS
Overview Today in Mexico History of Mexico Traits of Mexico Country Stability Apparel & Textile Industry Trade Agreements Transportation in Mexico Shipping Resources Main Suppliers Lead Time of Production Conducting Business Here Risks & Benefits Resources
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OVERVEIW The following report provides a comprehensive understanding of Mexico’s condition, including the apparel manufacturing industry. This is a sourcing profile for Mexico alone, providing a details analysis of the essence of the country.
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Huntsman Textile Effect Manufacturer of Atoto, Mexico expands its capacity & upgrades exsisting facilities.
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A day of protest, not a day of celebrationTeacher's Day is for protesting against education reform
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TODAY IN MEXICO
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Trump’s abrupt shift on NAFTA blindsides allies, Canada and Mexico.
Mexican officials were surprised by word that Trump was prepared to activate the six-month withdrawal notification specified in the NAFTA agreement & by the fact that they were not told about it before it suddenly became public. The upheaval came just as they had begun to believe that relations were normalizing after the tumultuous Trump campaign & transition. -Chicago Tribune
The yearly march marks a renewal of the CNTE’s protests, whose purpose is to call for the repeal of the 2013 education reforms and the reinstatement of teachers fired after they refused to be evaluated or after missing classes and going on strike. -Mexico News Daily
TODAY IN MEXICO
With this in place, Atoto now becomes an integral part of our global manufacturing footprint as it produces some of our key reactive dye products in addition to our comprehensive range of dyes and chemicals. -Fibers2fashion.com
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HISTORY OF MEXICO
A country rich in history, tradition, and culture, Mexico is made up of 31 states & one federal district. It is the third largest country in Latin America and has one of the largest populations—more than 100 million citizens—making it the home to more Spanish speakers than any other nation in the world. Despite the political & social changes that have occurred over the centuries, evidence of past cultures & events are apparent everywhere in Mexico. Many of Mexico’s rural areas are still inhabited by indigenous people whose lifestyles are quite similar to those of their ancestors. In addition, many pre-Columbian ruins still exist throughout Mexico, including the ancient city of Teotihuacán & the Mayan pyramids at Chichén Itzá and Tulum. Reminders of the colonial past are evident in the architecture of towns like Taxco and Querétaro. In recent years, the building of foreign-owned factories and plants (maquiladoras) in some of Mexico’s rural areas has helped draw the population away from Mexico City
and redistribute some of the country’s wealth. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994 increased Mexico’s financial ties to the United States & Canada, but the Mexican economy remains fragile. Despite its problems, the Mexican economy, with its growing industrial base, abundant natural resources and variety of service industries, remains important to Latin America. Today, tourism is a major contributor to the Mexican economy. People flock to Mexico from all over the world to sample the country’s cultural diversity, bask in the lush tropical settings & take advantage of relatively low prices. U.S. tourists constitute the majority of visitors to the country. In the past, tourists traveled mainly to Mexico City and the surrounding colonial towns of the Mesa Central. Unfortunately, the capital city’s reputation has suffered due to social & environmental problems, notably high levels of air pollution and crime. Tourists still flock to the beaches of the world-famous resorts in Acapulco, Puerto Vallarta, Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, Mazatlán, Cancún, Cabo San Lucas, and Puerto Escondido (History.com).
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TRAITS Full Name: United Mexican States +Mexico is a federal presidential representative democratic republic. The president is both head of state & head of government. +Size/Area: Total: 758,249 square miles (1,972,550 square kilometers) – Water: 2.5%
Capital: Mexico City (Distrito Federal) +President: Enrique PeĂąa Nieto +Population: 112,336,538 +Country Religion: Catholic +Language: Spanish +Currency: Peso
Major Cities (population):
National Holidays: Jan 01- New Years Feb 06- Constitution Day Mar 20- Benito Juarezes Birthday Apr 13- Maundy Thursday Apr 14- Good Friday May 01- Labor Day May 05- Cinco de Mayo May 10- Mothers Day Jun 18- Fathers Day Sept 16- Independence Day Oct 12- Day of the Races Nov 02- Day of the Dead Nov 20- Revolution Day Dec 12- Day of the Virgin of Guadalupe Dec 25- Christmas Day
+Mexico City (8,720,916) +Ecatepec de Morelos (1,688,258) +Guadalajara (1,600,940) +Puebla (1,485,941) +Tijuana (1,410,700) +Juรกrez (1,313,338) +Leรณn (1,278,087) +Zapopan (1,155,790) +Nezahualcรณyotl (1,140,528) +Monterrey 1,133,814 +Industrial Growth Rate- 3.3% +Labor Force- 52,123,674 +Unemployment Rate- 3.19% +Main Industries- food & beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron & steel, petroleum, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, & tourism. It is a major exporter of silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton, oil & oil products. +GDP- 9,009.26 USD +Budget Deficit- 0.4 % of the GDP +Inflation Rate- 5.82% +Currency Exchange Rate- 1 Peso= 0.053 USD
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Ethnic Composition: +Mestizo (Ameridian-Spanish) 62% +Amerindian 28% +Other (Mostly European) 10% Compulsory Education: Levels 1-12 Age Structure: +0-14 yrs 27.8% +15-64 65.5% +65 & over 6.7% Gender Breakdown: +Male- 54,855,231 +Female- 57,481,307 Border Countries: +Belize and Guatemala to the southeast +United States to the north
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TRAITS
P.E.S.T.L.E. Political
Political System
+Federal Republic +Election every 6 years +President is elected from popular vote +Elections don’t meet international anticorruption standards
Economic
Mexican Economic Trends
+Has an IVA /VAT (value added tax) on many sales transactions, including sales with foreign products -16% for staying within Mexican border -11% for products going to the interior -Silk/leather goods pay 5% luxury tax on top of the VAT +Specific textiles & apparel products must have additional information sent to the Mexican Customs Authority when entering the country
+Mexico’s economic trends mirror the United States -Proximity -High volume of trade between USA & Mexico -Strong cultural & economic ties (NAFTA)
Major Countries of Export: USA Canada China Brazil Colombia Germany Spain Japan Korea South France
$309,213,074,619 $10,544,636,884 $4,873,149,273 $3,798,897,348 $3,668,050,539 $3,507,894,389 $3,350,071,944 $3,017,433,575 $2,770,047,172 $2,126,829,759
Total Exports (2015) $380,600,857,434 Total Imports (2015) $395,232,221,167 Trade Balance (2015) -$14,631,363,733 Exports of goods & services (% of GDP) (2015) 35.36% Imports of goods & services (% of GDP) (2015) 37.47%
Major Countries of Import: USA China Japan Korea, South Germany Canada Malaysia Italy Thailand Brazil
$187,301,416,336 $69,987,806,696 $17,368,173,343 $14,618,851,023 $13,974,715,875 $9,947,931,758 $7,463,151,583 $5,061,646,994 $4,957,934,608 $4,622,107,445
Top Import Goods:
Electrical Machinery $85,004,246,876 Industrial Machinery $67,975,527,491 Motor Vehicles & Parts$37,265,337,105 Oil & Mineral Fuels $26,455,441,011 Plastics $22,368,238,238 Precision Instruments $15,045,652,925 Items nesoi $11,701,782,660 Iron & Steel $9,406,809,516 Iron & Steel Articles $9,384,782,927 Organic Chemicals $8,075,401,099
Social
+By 2015 65.1 million Mexicans were online (8th largest internet user population worldwide) +Direct to consumer e-commerce sales grew between 2014 & 2017 to $5.5 billion +Customer focused marketing has been evolving with Mexican retailers +Shopping experience is the top priority when wanting to grow revenue
Technology
+Annual investment rate in research & technology development: 0.31% of the GDP -Very low in comparison to other developing countries +In relation to eduaction, Mexico is not as updated with technogical usage +Mexico leads scientific and technological advancement and programs in comparison to the Latin American region
Environmental +Climate can be very different depending on the location -Humid heat in the southeast -Dry heat in the northwest +Heavy rainfall from June to October +Dry season lasts from November to May
Legal
+Minimum wage is 70.10 pesos = $4.19 +6 day work period -Paid rest day after 6 work days +48 hours of work per week at the most +The Federal Consumer Protection Law protects the rights of consumers
APPAREL & TEXTILE INDUSTRY
In Mexico, the apparel & textile industry is a diversified, integrated sector. Over
the past few years it has continued to grow at a steady rate. The apparel & textile
industry accounts for 6% of Mexico’s total GDP annually. Within this industry, over
415,000 workers are employed, making up 20% of all manufacturing employment within Mexico. With an annual growth rate of 2.4%, the industry has continued to grow in net worth as it has far exceeded $7 billion a year since 2015.
Mexico works closely with the USA as it is close socially, culturally, and
geographically. This closeness was achieved in part by the forming of the free
trade agreement known as the North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA. This brought a $61 billion trade deficit with Mexico in 2016. The USA has been
working with the Mexican textile & apparel industry in ways that are unique to the countries. USA textile companies supply certain textiles & fibers to the Mexican
in-bond processing factories that are known as maquilas or maquiladoras. These
maquiladoras recieve preferential fiscal & trade treatment. After the maquiladoras have processed these textiles & fibers, they are re-exported to the USA or globally in the form of a finished garment. The total exports from Mexico to the USA is around $5,975 for the most recent year recored, 2014. Mexico is forecast to
become the largest economy in Central and South America within 10 years. U.S.
exports of textiles and apparel to Mexico accounted for approximately 27 percent of total U.S. textile and apparel exports to Mexico in 2015. Textile and apparel
exports to Mexico increased from $6.2 billion in 2014 to $6.5 billion in 2015, an increase of 5 percent.
16 The Mexican Textile and Apparel Market, Otexa
Mexico is the first Latin American country to supply the USA with apparel products & the 5th worldwide exporter after China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Bangladesh. The largest segment of the Mexican market is centered in Guadalajara, Monterrey, and above all Mexico City, where luxury brands have a greater presence than in other states.
The most popular exports from Mexico within the industry include clothes, fine wool fabrics, silk (for garments to be exported), cotton, taffeta fabrics with discontinuous dyes made of polyester fibers, and synthetic fibers mixed with rayon & other artificial fibers. The fabrics
produced in Mexico with textured polyester dyes are in demand at a global scale. Another
category that is desired as an export from Mexico is technical textiles, including upholstery fabrics & industrial fabrics for construction & equipment. The textile & apparel industry in
Mexico has remained in competiton between other developing countries by maintaining machinery and updating the technology used in the industry. This allows them to be as
productive as possible and to get the business that other countries are competing for (The Mexican Textile and Apparel Market, Otexa).
Distribution of Apparel Companies by Region in Mexico
Mexico - USA Trade Relationship +Mexico is the United States’ 3rd largest trading partner +Mexico is the 2nd destination of all U.S. exports +Mexico accounts for roughly 1/6 of all U.S. exports +22 American states depend on Mexico as their first or second destination for exports +More than $1.25 billion a day in two-way trade +Nearly 50,000 U.S. small and medium-sized enterprises export to Mexico
Mexico’s Relationship Globally +Mexico has signed trade agreements in three continents, Mexico is positioned as a gateway to a potential market of over one billion consumers and 60% of world´s GDP +Mexico has 10 FTAs with 45 countries +32 Reciprocal Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements (RIPPAs) with 33 countries +9 trade agreements (Economic Complementation and Partial Scope Agreements) within the framework of the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) +A member of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) . +Mexico is an active member in The World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the ALADI
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TRADE AGREEMENTS
Trade Agreements Specific to the USA NAFTA- North American Free Trade Agreement +Established a free-trade zone in North America +Signed in 1992 by Canada, Mexico, and the United States +Went into effect on Jan. 1, 1994 +NAFTA immediately lifted tariffs on the majority of goods produced by the signatory nations +Calls for the gradual elimination, over a period of 15 years, of most remaining barriers to cross-border investment & to the movement of goods and services among the three countries +U.S. exports to Canada & Mexico support more than three million American jobs +U.S. trade with NAFTA partners has unlocked opportunity for millions of Americans by supporting Made-in-America jobs and exports. +As the U.S.’ two largest export markets, Canada & Mexico buy more Made-in-America goods & services than any other countries in the world +Since NAFTA’s implementation, U.S. states like Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, and many others have seen a surge in exports across North American borders
Aztecca.org
TRANSPORTATION IN MEXICO
All Ports of Mexico Acapulco, Altamira, Alvarado, Cabo San Lucas, Campeche, Cayo Arcas, Ciudad del Carmen, Coatzacoalcos, Cozumel, Dos Bocas, Ensenada, Frontera, Guaymas, La Paz, Lazaro Cardenas, ManzanilloPort of Manzanillo Mazatlan, Minatitlan, Morro Redondo, Nanchital, Pichilingue,Progreso, Puerto Escondido, Puerto Madero, Puerto Progreso, Puerto Vallarta, Rosarito Terminal, Salina Cruz, San Carlos, San Juan de la Costa, San Marcos, Santa Maria, Santa Rosalia, Tampico, Topolobampo, Tuxpan, Veracruz, Yukalpeten Key Ports of Mexico +Matamoros +Coatzacoalcos +Altamira +Ciudad del Carmen +Tampico +Seybaplaya +Tuxpan +Salina Cruz +Veracruz +Lazaro Cardenas When it comes to containerized traffic in manufactured goods, the key ports in Mexico’s $5 billion port infrastructure initiative remain Veracruz on the Gulf, where volumes have soared from 543,000 TEUs in 2001 to nearly 850,000 in 2014 and a projected 894,000 TEUs this year (2017), and Lazaro Cardenas along the Pacific coast, which is handling 1 million TEUs a year, a decade after opening (Aztecca.org).
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BY LAND
BY AIR
BY SEA
BY SEA, AIR, & LAND
International Based Shipping Resources +UPS CrossBorder Connect With global fuel prices and Asian labor costs rising, many companies are turning to Mexico for manufacturing solutions. But to cash in on the cost savings, a business needs a solid understanding of the intricacies of customs processing and border crossing. (www.compass.ups.com) +DHL Express At DHL Express U.S., international isn’t just a part of our business, it is our business. To ensure we continue to guarantee you the industry’s highest-quality international service performance, a competitive rate increase for U.S. account holders will take effect on January 2, 2017. Shipping rates for DHL Express international services will increase by an average of 4.9%. (www.dhl.usa.com) +FedEx International Mexico is the United States’ second-largest export market and third-largest trading partner. With the world’s 11th-largest population, it offers significant prospects for exporting: You can reach more than 110 million potential customers when you ship to Mexico. Mexico has huge potential and has demonstrated predictable, stable economic growth. And by taking advantage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), your products may qualify to enter Mexico duty-free, saving you money. Learn more about North American trade solutions. (www.fedex.com) Mexico Based Shipping Resources + MSC Meditteranean Shipping Company Mexico S.A DE C.V + Panalpina Transportes Mundiales + Mammoet de Mexico
SHIPPING RESOURCES
MAIN SUPPLIERS Top Jean S.A de C.V.
Tbg Apparel S De Rl De Cv
+Women’s jeans- 98% Cotton, 2% Elastane +8 Sur N314 Venustiano Carranza Tehuacan Puebla Mexico Rfc Top950311lg9
+3 Top Customers Levi Strauss Global Trading Co. Levi Strauss Do Brasil Levi Strauss Istanbul
+238 38 27050
+Women’s, Junior’s, Misses Apparel Denim Jeans
Alcatextil, S.A. +3 Top Customers Ralph Lauren Childrenswear Alca Tex Usa Inc. Ralph Lauren Canada, Lp +Boys and Girls Knitwear, Cotton Shirts, 100% Cotton Knit +Km 35 8 Carretera Al Pacifico Lotificacion Los Sauces Palin Escuintla +502 7882 7490 1
+Calzada Gomez Morin S/N Esq Con Indigo Parque Industrial Lajat, Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico, 27259 +52 871 729 8201
Carhartt De Mexico S. De R.L. De C. +3 Top Customers Bleckmann / Carhartt TNT Fashion Work in Progress Textilhandels GmbH +Apparel & Accessories for men & women +datospersonales@carhartt.com Website http://www.carhartt.com +52 469 692 6100
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NATURAL DISASTERS / LEAD TIME +Earthquakes June 27, 2016 MEXICO CITY – A strong earthquake struck in southern Mexico, but there were no immediate reports of injuries or serious damage. Authorities said the quake was felt in five states. Tall buildings swayed in Mexico City 215 miles from the quake’s epicenter. The U.S. Geological Survey said the tremor had a preliminary magnitude of 5.7 and its epicenter was in the southern state of Oaxaca, about 6 miles north of the town of Pinotepa de Don Luis. The quake struck at a depth of 6 miles. (Explorando Mexico) +Floods August 4, 2016 – As much as 193.8 mm of rain in 24 hours was recorded between August 4th & 5th at Yamonho Station, in Chiapas State. The day after, as the storm proceeded further north, 198.2 mm of rain fell in 24 hours at the Martinez de la Torre weather station in Veracruz State (Explorando Mexico). +Hurricanes September 6, 2016 CABO SAN LUCAS, Mexico – Authorities in the southern portion of Mexico’s Baja California peninsula ordered schools closed & set up emergency shelters as Hurricane Newton gained strength while bearing down on the twin resorts of Los Cabos for a predicted arrival Tuesday morning. Boat owners pulled fishing craft in from the water & business owners nailed boards and sheets of plywood over windows in Cabo San Lucas, the resort that was hammered by Category 3 Hurricane Odile in 2014. Officials warned that Newton might cause torrential rainfalls. Newton’s maximum sustained winds increased to 90 mph (150 kph) by Monday night, the U.S. National Hurricane Center in Miami stated The Category 1 storm was centered about 125 miles (200 kilometers) south-southeast of Cabo San Lucas & San Jose del Cabo and was moving northwest at 16 mph (26 kph) on a forecast path that would bring it near or over the area Tuesday morning (Explorando Mexico).
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+Tropical Storms August 9, 2016 CABO SAN LUCAS, Mexico – Mexican authorities evacuated people from low-lying areas around the resort city Cabo San Lucas as a slightly weakened Tropical Storm Javier churned near the tip of Mexico’s Baja California Peninsula. Slowing its forward movement to 5 mph, Javier promised an extended battering with wind and rain through Wednesday morning as it headed northward brushing the Pacific shore of southern Baja. The storm was centered about 30 miles south-southeast of Cabo San Lucas late Monday, with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph, down from a peak of 65 mph, the U.S. National Hurricane Center said. Two to four inches of rain fell on the peninsula’s southern portion, with possible maximum amounts up to eight inches in isolated spots (Explorando Mexico). +Errupting Volcano October 1, 2016 – Fresh eruptions from the Colima volcano in Mexico have forced the evacuation of hundreds of people from their homes. Ash and thick black smoke rose from the volcano, 300 miles (482km) west of Mexico City. A flow of lava could be seen pouring down its slopes. More than 350 villagers living in La Yerbabuena and La Becerrera at the foot of the mountain were moved to safety, emergency officials stated. Authorities in neighbouring Jalisco state also evacuated some residents (Explorando Mexico). +Landslides August 9, 2016 – Heavy rain caused three major landslides in the towns of Huauchinango and Tlaola, in the mountains of Puebla State, causing 29 casualties, as mud buried their homes. Eleven other casualties have been reported in Coscomatepec de Bravo, Tequila and Huayacocotla in the state of Veracruz (Explorando Mexico).
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CULTURAL EFFECT / LEAD TIME
Holy Week In Mexico In addition to its importance religiously, Holy Week has become a very important vacation period. Many companies shut down in order to provide time off especially between Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday, with some having the following week off as well. Schoolchildren up to high school generally get two weeks off but university students get only one week. The only class of workers working in full that week are those in the tourism industry. While the original reason for the time off was for religious observance, many skip this aspect at least for part of the time to go on vacation. Hotels, restaurants and more are crowded, especially at major resorts and other tourist destinations. Airline and other transport prices tend to be higher with terminals crowded at the very beginning and end of the vacation period. Highways will also be heavily used.In 2010 over nine million Mexicans traveled somewhere for the holiday with an economic impact of over ten billion pesos. In 2011 the Mexico City eastern bus terminal, TAPO, served 180,000 people per day during Holy Week, about double its normal volume.However, major metropolitan areas such as Mexico City, Monterrey and Guadalajara tend to be quieter than normal during this week, as many workers in these cities leave for vacation and/or to visit family in the provinces. The most important vacation spots at this time are beach areas such as Acapulco, CancĂşn, Puerto Vallarta, Veracruz, Mazatlan, Los Cabos and Huatulco. These vacations are generally taken together as families. Beach towns and other resorts fill with vacationers as well as street vendors and wandering musicians taking advantage of the business opportunity Occupancy rates climb to over 85% and 100% occupancy is not uncommon, leading to rooms rented in private homes. Those who cannot find accommodations often sleep in their vehicles or even on the beach. Other vacation destination include colonial cities in the center such as Morelia, Guanajuato, QuerĂŠtaro, San Miguel de Allende, Taxco, San Luis PotosĂ and Zacatecas receive significant numbers of visitors as well. Many also cross the border into the United States during this week, especially those who live in the north and/or who have family there to visit. It is also popular to go shopping in the country at this time, making it an important time for some US retailers, especially those near the Mexican border.
CONDUCTING BUSINESS HERE Mexican Customs & Textile Rules U.S. exporters must be aware of Textile rules of origin in order to avoid penalties from the Mexican customs or the NAFTA verification audits conducted by Mexico’s Tax Authority (SAT). Common mistakes: +Made in the U.S. does not mean NAFTA Origin. +Before issuing the NAFTA certificate of Origin verify the rules of origin & content of the product. +Reply any questionnaire or letter from Mexican Tax Ministry (SAT) as soon as you receive it
Industry Standards & Labeling Requirements +Two Mexican Industry standards: +NOMs-Mexican Official Standards-these are Technical Regulations, including labeling requirements, issued by government agencies and ministries. (Compliance is mandatory) +NMX-Mexican “Voluntary” Standards– these are voluntary standards issued by recognized national standards-making bodies. Compliance is mandatory only when a claim is made that a product meets the NMX. +U.S. textile exporters must be aware that the most important labeling standard for textile & apparel industry is the NOM-004-SCFI-2006 which was amended and the changes were effective on February 21, 2013.
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Market Entry Strategies
+Mexican Presence: The best strategy to enter the Mexican market is to find a local representative or distributor. With this, buyers feel secure that initial training, spare parts and service will be provided. +Local or Regional Representative: Due to regional concentration throughout Mexico, representation locally will yield better results than a single, nation-wide distributor. +Price: Price is important, but not necessarily the deciding factor. +Spanish: Best means of communication
The Business Culture
+Indirectness- Difficulty in saying “no” +Financing- Expect to negotiate on payment terms. Consider full spectrum of options. Financing options important +Follow-up- Follow up quickly with your Mexican partner – there is abundant international competition +Language- Use a qualified interpreter if needed Patience. Good things come to those that wait - patience pays off +Build Relationships- Personal relationships valued +Mexico has its own business customs (refrain from using first names until invited to do so, titles are important). +Personal relationships are at the heart of most business dealings it’s important to establish a personal relationship before business is done. +Do not be surprised if your Mexican contact is not punctual. Time is flexible. +Most Mexican companies are hierarchical, key decisions are made by a small number of individuals at the top of the hierarchy. Ensure that you are dealing with the right decision maker.
Risks +Lack of competiveness +Bribery & corruption +Unequal distribution of wealth +Main exports are the same industries as the main imports +Mexican economy is highly dependent on the US demand for imports +Human rights violations +Organized crime & terrorism +Illegal immigrants from nearby Central American countries
Benefits +Monetary policy is efficient & responsible +Mexico is the biggest exporter in Latin America +Intra-industrial trade +12 Free Trade Agreements with over 45 countries +Growth potential +Vast market +Supply chains +Attracts advanced manufacturing +Strategic location for importing & exporting +Profitable country +Low debt
RISKS & BENEFITS
RESOURCES
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