READPH VOL.1
UNANG UPANGKAT NANG PANGKAT members members
Abrera, Arabela ATherese brera, Arabela Therese Amurao, Gwen ALucille murao, Gwen Lucille
Dimaano, Bianca DMIKA imaano, Bianca MIKA Escabilla, EJonathan scabilla, Jonathan Gonzales, Jenna GMariel onzales, Jenna Mariel Inocencio, Elize IRaphaelle nocencio, Elize Raphaelle Lim, LJericho im, Jericho Martinez, MJulimae artinez, Julimae Panadero, Liam PCarlo anadero, Liam Carlo
Soriano, Maria Faith SPenelope oriano, Maria Faith Penelope Tumanan, TLallaine umanan, Lallaine
Cambri, Anjelo CKristi ambri, Anjelo Kristi Catangui, Elaiza CDane atangui, Elaiza Dane
Bacani, Ysabel BArianna acani, Ysabel Arianna Cabasa, CBerenice abasa, Berenice
1897, February 17 - Battle of Zapote Bridge 1897, May 10 - Execution of Andres Bonifacio 1897, March 22 Tejeros Convention 1898, May 28 - Battle of Alapan 1898, June 12 - Aguinaldo proclaims Independence 1899, January 23 - First Philippine Congress 1899, June 5 - Assasination of Gen. Antonio Luna 1899, December 2 Battle of Tirad Pass 1901, September 28 - Balangiga Massacre 1935, November 15 Manuel Quezon's First Inaguaration 1941, December 8 - Japanese Invasion
1896, July 17-31 - Jose Rizal's Exile 1892, August 23 - Battle of Pinaglabanan 1894, July 8 Foundation of Katipunan 1896, August 23 - Cry of Pugad Lawin 1896, December 30 - Assassination of Jose Rizal
Index of Events
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FIRST VOLUME
1521, April 27 - Battle in Mactan 1521, March 31 - First Catholic Mass 1544, April - Las Islas Filipinas 1565, March 16 - Sandugo 1570, May 24 Siege of Manila
1762, September 23 - British Invasion of Manila 1872, February 17 Execution of GOMBURZA
April27,1521 April27,1521
On April 27, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan and Lapu Lapu fought on Mactan Island, Cebu. According to Antonio Pigafetta’s document of events, during the battle, Magellan had 50 troops against Lapu Lapu, who had 1,500 warriors At the end of the battle, Lapu-Lapu and his warriors were deemed victorious (Ruaya, 2020)
Mactan, Cebu
TAB T LEINMACTA N
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Hence, this battle was considered a momentous event in Philippine history because the Filipinos conquered against the Spanish colonizers. In the present day, the patriotism of Lapu Lapu is commemorated through his statue displayed in the Mactan Shrine park in Punta Engaño, Mactan, Cebu (Everything Cebu, 2010). The statue is bronze and 20 meters high; the victor is dressed in native garb, holding a sword in his hand while holding a shield in his left (Everything Cebu, 2010)
Limasawa March31,1521 March31,1521
March 31, 1521, marked the day of which the first Catholic mass was held in the Philippines, officiated by Father Pedro de Valderrama in the small island of Limasawa, Southern Leyte. The island of Limasawa was formerly referred to as "Mazaua" in the notes of Antonio Pigafetta. When Megellan and his crew set foot in the shores of Mazaua on March 28, 1521, he befriended the natives and the two chieftains present at the time, Rajah of Mazaua and Rajah of Butuan Days later on an Easter Sunday, they held the first ever Catholic Mass in the Philippines Before Magellan and his crew left the island, they planted a cross in the place of what is now known as Barangay Triana
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April A1544 pril 1544 Samar and Leyte
During the expedition of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in April 1544, he named the islands of Samar and Leyte, Las Islas Filipinas, which means “islands belonging to Philip” in the honor of the then Philip II of Spain, Prince of Asturias The term “Filipinas” was later adopted as the name of the entire archipelago (Google Arts & Culture, n.d.).
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March 16, M1565 arch 16, 1565 Tagbiliran, TBohol agbiliran, Bohol
The Sandugo , visayan word for "one blood", was a blood compact between Miguel López de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna, the chieftain of Bohol, to seal their friendship in 1565. This is the first Spanish Filipino friendship treaty. The Sandugo is on Bohol's flag and seal where the blood compact is pictured. The top of the seal explains the Sandugo event in Bohol, the fleet and where the Spaniards anchored, and where the 16 March 1565 treaty was conducted
On May 24, 1570, the native Filipinos commanded by King Sulayman and the Spaniards led by Martin de Goiti, Maestre de campo, fought the Battle of Manila in Manila After the victory of Goiti's soldiers, Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies.
Manila
May 24, M1570 ay 24, 1570
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September 23, S1762 eptember 23, 1762
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The British occupation of Manila (Ortiz, 2022)
Manila Bay c. 2022 (TripAdvisor, n.d)
On September 23, 1762, the British invading forces coming from India arrived in Manila Bay, catching Spanish and Filipino forces off guard Leading to the inevitable surrender of the Spanish resistances. The British used Manila as a trading hub with the surrounding countries, especially China It was also around this time on May 28, 1763 that Diego Silang, the revolutionary who conspired with the British to overthrow Spanish rule in northern Philippines, had died by the hands of his comrade, Miguel Vicos. When the news of the Seven Years' War ending with the Treaty of Paris on February 10,1763, the occupying British forces left the shores of Manila and Cavite on the first week of April , 1764. Thus ending the British occupation of Manila
Manila Bay
February 17, F1872 ebruary 17, 1872
Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomes, and Jacinto Zamora –commonly known as GOMBURZA, were publicly executed by garrotte at the field of Bagumbayan (presently known as Luneta) on Feb. 17, 1872 due to their alleged involvement in the 1872 Cavite mutiny (Manila Bulletin, 2022). Many Filipinos, like Jose Rizal, who dedicated his historic work "El Filibusterismo" to the three priests, were deeply affected by the execution GOMBURZA'S death fueled Filipino nationalism and marked a turning point in Philippine history (Agbayani III, 2022) In the present period, the execution site found in squat white washed obelisk to martyrdom of the priests (NPDC, n d
Bagumbayan
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It was also during this time that Rizal purchased a 34 hectare farm from his lottery winnings about 38 kilometers south of Talisay, Dapitan, where the Rizal Shrine currently stands (NHCP, 2016) making Dapitan the “Shrine City of the Philippines”. This historical site, which is the actual location of Rizal's residence in exile, features a collection of structures that recount the tales of early Dapitanons and demonstrate Jose Rizal’s dedication to serving the nation
Jose Rizal led a life of political exile northern Mindanao, which is now a p province of Zamboanga del Norte Dipolog, from July 17, 1892 to July 31, years and thirteen days (Sicat, 2021) period, Jose Rizal engaged in a occupations and pursuits including medicine, pursuing his writing an interests, developing his langua establishing a school for boys, and c buildings using his architectural and engineering abilities (NHCP, 2015).
July 17, 1892 to July 31, J1896 uly 17, 1892 to July 31, 1896
Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte
Pinaglabanan, San Juan
August 23, A1892 ugust 23, 1892
August 23, 1892, at Pinaglabanan, San Juan, the long quest of the Filipinos to achieve independence and freedom from its Spanish colonizers began The Battle of Pinaglabanan is the first major war in the Philippine Revolution by the Katipuneros against the Spaniards after they were discovered Led by the supreme leader Andres Bonificio, the katipuneros attacked and raided El Polvorin, a gun powder depot, and El Deposito, a water reservior, only armed with bamboo spears, bolos, and homemade weapons. The result of the battle was a Spanish victory with 150 of the katipuneros getting killed in action and 200 being executed, which fanned the flames of nationalism and patriotism among Filipinos to take up arms To commemorate the first battle of the Philippine revolution, the “Spirit of Pinaglabanan” monument was erected on top of the El Deposito, the underground water depository/resorvior.
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On July 7, 1892, the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or Katipunan was founded by Andres Bonifacio in the house of Deodato Arellano located at Azcarraga street (now Claro M. Recto) in Tondo, Manila, which also was the first supremo of the Katipunan, then Roman Basa then Andres Bonifacio Membership was made through blood compact. The Katipunan was founded the same night when Jose Rizal was exiled to Dapitan (Lauron, 2015)
July 08, J1894 uly 08, 1894
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Azcarraga Street (Claro M. Recto Tondo, Manila)
Balintawak
The Cry of Pugad Lawin is a historical event that marked the start of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire by the members of the Katipunan led by Andres Bonifacio, the famous tearing of the cedulas is also associated with this event.
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It is celebrated as a public holiday as the National Heroes Day observed every last Monday of the month of August. Less than two years after the Cry of Pugad Lawin, on June 12 of 1898, the Philippines declared independence from Spain (US Census Bureau, 2022).
THE exact date, and location of the event is debated by historians, but it is agreed that it took place in late August of 1896 somewhere in present day Quezon City (National Commission for Culture and the Arts, 2015).
On December 30, 1896, Dr. Jose Rizal was assasinated in Bagumbayan, Luneta Park, Manila. The Spanish colonial government executed him through a firing squad for the crime of rebellion; Dr José Rizal died for his country while fighting for basic human rights and freedom of thought and expression (Ylagan, 2020). His last words before he was shot were “Consumatum est!” translated as "It is finished!" (Palawan Daily News, 2019). The assassination of Rizal is portrayed through a life size diorama in Rizal Park, also known as the famous Luneta Park. The name "Luneta" is derived from the word "lunette," which denotes crescent moon, which is the shape of the park; In 1913, Luneta Park was renamed Rizal Park in honor of Dr. Jose Rizal (Abrugar, 2015) to memorialize his courageous acts and loyalty to the Philippines.
Bagumbayan, Luneta Park
December 30, D1896 ecember 30, 1896
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n the battle, Filipino forces were ordered to plant dynamites in the bridge, and place pointed knives under the river beds below it The aftermath saw 450 killed and around 900 wounded Katipuneros, and 441 killed, 870 wounded, and 313 captured Spanish soldiers (VFW, n d )
The battle was integral in reclaiming Cavite from Spanish, and American rule. The bridge was repaired in 1899, and a historical marker was placed in 2013
Zapote Bridge, Bacoor, Cavite
February 17, F1897 ebruary 17, 1897
The Battle of Zapote Bridge is a battle between Katipuneros led by Emilio Aguinaldo, and Spanish forces. It was fought on February 17, 1897 as a part of the Philippine revolution.
May 10, M1897 ay 10, 1897
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Andres Bonifacio, also now known as the “Father of the Philippine Revolution” was executed along with his brother, Procopio, on May 10, 1897 at the foot of Mount Nagpatong and Mount Buntis in Maragondon, Cavite Bonifacio was the founder of the secret revolutionary movement "Katipunan" or “KKK” in order to fight the Spanish colonization. Despite fighting for freedom and independence for the Philippines, Bonifacio was not killed by his enemies (Spaniards), but by the hands of his own people (Musico, 2018). The location of this shrine was Bonifacio’s final destination which is why it was built to commemorate his bravery of fighting for the independence that we Filipinos have now On February 16, 1921, through the Philippine Legislature Act No. 2946, November 30 of each year is celebrated as a national holiday Bonifacio day, the day of Andres Bonifacio’s birth (NHCP, 2021).
Bonifacio Shrine at the foot of Mount Nagpatong and Mount Buntis in Maragondon, Cavite
1897
Rosario, Cavite 22,
The Tejeros Convention is a historical gathering of Katipuneros on March 22, 1897 regarded as the first presidential election in the history of the country It saw the election of Emilio Aguinaldo as the first president of the Philippines under a new revolutionary government (NHCP, 2015)
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March 22, M1897 arch
The Battle of Alapan served as a significant military victory for General Aguinaldo after his return to the Philippines from Hong Kong In order to commemorate their victory, the Philippine flag was first unfurled and hoisted by Emilio Aguinaldo in front of captured Spanish soldiers (Ramos, 2016). In the present period, a national historical landmark, namely, the Imus Heritage Park, is highlighted with a Philippine Flag that proudly floats from a 104 foot flagpole at the battle site.
On May 28, 1898 at Alapan, Imus Cavite, while the Philippine Revolutionary Army were distributing firearms, 270 Spanish Naval Infantry were dispatched by Gen Leopoldo Peña throughout Cavite. The Philippine Revolutionary Army led by General Emilio Aguinaldo attacked the Spanish opposition ferociously at close quarters. The Spaniards being short on ammunition, surrendered and were taken to Cavite Nuevo’s Teatro Caviteno.
Alapan, Imus Cavite
March 22, M1897 arch 22, 1897 18
June
Cavite el now Kawit, Cavite 12, J1898 une 12, 1898
Viego
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June 12, 1898, was a good day for the Filipinos In Kawit, Cavite, General Emilio Aguinaldo declared the independence of the Philippines from the Spanish rule The ceremony was held on the balcony of Aguinaldo’s ancestral home and many Filipinos gathered to witness this historic day (Knappily, 2018). In 1963 (a year before he died), Aguinaldo donated his house to the Filipino people and a year after, through RA No 4039, the house was declared a national shrine and was placed under the care of the National Museum of the Philippines (NHCP, n.d.). At present, Aguinaldo’s house is now known as the “Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine” and is also a museum that Filipinos can visit to have a glimpse of the past.
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On January 23 1899, The Barasoain church in Malolos, Bulacan witnessed the establishment of the first Philippine republic. The inaguration included the reading of the entire Philippine constitution lead by Secretary Pablo Ocampo and speeches by President Emilio Aguinaldo and Pedro paterno. During this time period the Philippines became the first independent republic in asia (NHCP, 2012).
January 23, J1899 anuary 23, 1899 Barasoian Church
June 5, J1899 une 5, 1899 Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija
General Antonio Luna was assasinated on June 5, 1899 at plaza of a rectory in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija (The Kahimyang Project, n d ) It was stated in the San Francisco Call (1899) newspaper that Luna was discovered to be in disagreement with the chief's viewpoints, defied orders, and ceased the Peace Commissioners of President Emilio Aguinaldo on their way to make a deal with the Americans Thus, Aguinaldo ordered his execution, and the former President's zealous followers carried it out. He was killed by the Kawit Battalion, led by Pedro Janolino, who was one of Aguinaldo's devoted men (Ayala Museum, n d ) In memory of Luna, a statue and marker of him are placed in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija; the statue shows him riding a horse (Francis, 2017), and beneath the monument is his tomb
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The Battle of Tirad Pass was fought on December 2, 1899 in Ilocos Sur during the Philippine American War Major March led 300 infantrymen in a direct assault, but del Pilar's forces repulsed him. Del Pilar died after being shot in the neck. March followed Aguinaldo, but thanks to the Boy General and his men, the president escaped to fight another day At an elevation of 1,067 meters (3,786 feet), Mount Tirad is the third highest peak in the province of Ilocos Sur Tirad, Ilocos Sur
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December2,1899 December2,1899Mount
Sept 28, S1901 ept 28, 1901
On the morning of September 28, 1901, hundreds of native fighters armed primarily with bolos launched a successful surprise attack on U S troops eating or lining up for breakfast in their fortress in Balangiga town, on the southern coast of Samar Island The unfortunate American soldiers were from Company C of the 9th U.S. Infantry Regiment Thomas W Connell, captain, commanded Company C In the 1960s, Filipino nationalists applied this term to the island's retaliatory actions
Balangiga, Eastern Samar
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The second president of the Philippines Manuel L. Quezon was inaugurated at the steps of the legislative building now known as the National Museum of Fine arts. With Sergio Osmeña as Vice President this marked the beginning of the Philippine commonwealth Around 300,000 people attended the Inauguration (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2022)
On November 15, 1935
Old Legislative (Building National Museum of Fine Arts)
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November 15, N1935 ovember 15, 1935
Japanese air forces started attacking Clark Field, a significant American air facility on Luzon, 17 hours after Pearl Harbor. Casualties rose, destroying hangars, barracks, and warehouses Most of the B-17 bombers and P 40 fighters were refueling, leaving the air base defenseless.
December 8, D1941 ecember 8, 1941
Japanese planes assaulted Iba, also on Luzon, as they bombed Clark Field. Initial Japanese air attacks resembled Pearl Harbor because they surprised American forces and established air superiority
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Clark Freeport, Mabalacat, Pampanga
Bautista, D. (2020, January 17). The Legislative building now known as The National Museum of Fine Arts. c, 2020 [Image] https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1840382/Baguio/Lifestyle/Bautista National Museum Of Fine Arts Bayani Art. (2016, July 16). General Gregorio del Pilar and his troops, c. 1898 [Image]. Bayani Art. https://www.bayaniart.com/heneral gregorio del pilar/bayani art base general gregorio del pilar battle of tirad pass/ Berida, J. (n.d.). Blood compact shrine. Rappler. https://r3.rappler.com/life-and-style/travel/phtravel/141199 sandugo festival bohol past future
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Cruz, C. (2019). Bonifacio Shrine. Highland Reflections. [Image]. https://highlandreflections.home.blog/2019/06/03/historically significant summits ii walking with andres bonifacio in mt nagpatong maragondon cavite/ Dalan, A (2020) BATTLE OF ALAPAN [Photograph] PNA https://www pna gov ph/photos/43825 Department of Foreign Affairs . (2019, March 31). The First Catholic Mass. Twitter. https://twitter.com/dfaphl/status/1112187215721848838 Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine. (n.d.). National Historical Commission of the Philippines. [Image]. https://nhcp.gov.ph/museums/emilio aguinaldo shrine/wppaspec/oc1/lnen/cv0/ab35/pt425
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January 23) Inauguration of the First Philippine Republic in Malolos c 1898
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