CITY IN FLUX BY JENNA TURNER
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Research City in flux – A demographic shift as a result of development, immigration, politics and the environment. Africa: Rapid urbanisation and mobile phones are making major changes in Africa. It is estimated that by 2020 the sub Saharan region will be dotted with mega cities. Lagos will also surpass Cairo as the continent’s most populous city. The middle class in Africa is already larger than India’s, which roughly has the same population as Africa. In many countries in Africa over 80% of people own a mobile phone, even in places where people live off $1 per day. In Africa access to information has become as vital as water and electricity. In 2000 there were around 5 million mobile phones in Africa. Today there is around 500 million and by 2015 it is expected to be around 800 million. Already 20-30% of these phones can access the internet, by the time we reach 2015 it will be 80%. In Uganda teachers are giving out Kindles to their students. They are extremely useful as they have a long battery life which is valuable when there is not regular or easy access to electricity.
is safe, renewable energy sources are used, waste is recycled as much as possible, community links are strong and people work together to deal with issues such as crime and security. Urban decay: Urban decay can also be known as urban rot and urban blight. It is the process where a previously functioning city falls into disrepair. It may feature depopulation, abandoned buildings, high unemployment rates and a rise in crime. Gentrification: Gentrification is a shift in an urban community towards wealthier residents, businesses and increasing property values. This is typically the result of investment in a community. In addition to these benefits it can lead to population migration, this is when wealthier newcomers are displacing poorer residents.
Urbanisation: Urbanisation can cause many problems, such as transport congestion, lack of housing and negative effects on the environment. Urbanisation means that there is an increase of the amount of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas. Today the UK is a mostly urban society, with 90% of people living in towns or cities. Traffic congestion can become a problem in urban areas. However, some cities have tried to manage this problem by using park and ride schemes, creating cycle lanes and using congestion charges. Many people are working towards trying to make cities more sustainable. A sustainable city offers a good quality of life to current residents, but doesn’t harm the area for future residents. The main features of a sustainable city are; public transport is safe and reliable, walking and cycling
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Research Manchester: •Manchester is a city with a population of 514,417. •It is the UK’s most populous urban area •Manchester is the third most visited city in the UK after London and Edinburgh. •The city is noted for its architecture, culture, music, social impact and transport. •Manchester experiences a ‘temperate maritime climate’ which means that summers are warm and winters are cold. •The average amount of rain days in Manchester per year is 140.4 days, which is lower than the UK average of 154.4. •Snowfalls are not common in the city due to the urban warming effect, however surrounding areas receive more snow.
•On April 1 1974 Greater Manchester was officially formed and the ten boroughs, which had formally been part of Cheshire and Lancashire, became one. •Greater Manchester has a population of around 2.5 million people. •Greater Manchester has the highest number of theatre seats per head of population outside London. •Art, tourism, culture and sport provide 16% of employment in Greater Manchester. •More people live in Greater Manchester than live in Kosovo or Johannesburg. •More than twenty Nobel prize winners have come from Greater Manchester.
•According to the 2011 census 66.7% of people living in Manchester were white, 14.4% were Asian, 8.6% were black, 4.7% were mixed race, 2.7% were Chinese and 3.1% were other races. •According to the 2011 census 48.7% of people living in Manchester were Christians, 25.3% had no religion, 15.8% were Muslims, 1.1% were Hindu, 0.8% were Buddhist, 0.5% were Jewish and 7.8% did not state their religion. •The economy of Manchester has grown every year since 2002 excluding 2011. •Manchester airport is the 3rd busiest in the UK and the largest outside the London region. •Manchester Liverpool Road was the world’s first rail way station. •Over 50 different bus companies operate in the Greater Manchester area. Page 3
Research KEYWORDS: Diversity Individual Unique Busy Fast-Paced City Life People Interesting Lifestyle Interesting Exciting Environment Pollution Noisy Loud Crowded
Transport Travel Airports Buses Trains Trams Taxis Motorways Weather Packed Concrete Modern Buildings Traffic Lights Bridges Active Working
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Research I found these images on Pinterest. They are a range of typography maps. Generally these maps are only made up of a small range of colours, this stops them from becoming too complicated and confusing. The map I like the most is the map of California. I like the way that the text isn’t actually on the map and that the size of the font represents the size of the place. I like the use of colours as the majority of the image is neutral in colour, whereas the map of California is in red which makes it stand out.
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Research I found these images on Pinterest, they have been created using watercolours. They use a wide range of colours, which are generally bright and eye-catching. These images are of skylines and include famous landmarks, such as the Eiffel Tower and the London Eye. I feel like these images represent the city well as the different colours could represent all the different people living there or the way that the city moves and changes over time.
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Research I found these images on Pinterest. I selected these images as they show different forms of transport, such as trains, taxis, cars and walking. Transport relates well to the city in flux as thousands of people travel everyday. The headlights from the taxis are effective in these images as they are bright and eyecatching and the amount of light in the images shows the high amount of cars that are travelling through the city.
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Research I found these images on Pinterest, they are a range of signposts from different cities. Some of the signposts have quite a professional design, whereas others use a range of bright colours and have been hand-painted. This shows the difference between the places which are more strict and which are more laid-back. My favourite image is the middle picture in the bottom row as I like the fact that the colours are bright and eye-catching and that each sign is unique.
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Artists David Carson David Carson is an American graphic designer and art director. He was born on the 8th September 1954 in Corpus Christie, Texas.. He is best known for his use of typography and magazine design. He attended San Diego State University and graduated with a Batchelor of Arts in Sociology. In 1983 Carson started to experiment with Graphic Design and attended the Oregon College of Commercial Art. In a story by Newsweek magazine they said that Carson ‘changed the face of graphic design.’ In 1995 Carson published his first book called ‘End Of Print’ which became one of the most sold graphic design books of all time. During the period of 1989-2004 Carson won over 170 awards for his graphic design work.
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Artists Jonathan Barnbrook Jonathan Barnbrook is a British graphic designer, film maker and typographer.. He was born in 1966 and trained at Saint Martin’s School of Art and the Royal College of Art in London. Jonathan Barnbrook designed the cover artwork for David Bowie’s album ‘Heathen.’ He is also a font designer which have emotive and controversial titles. Jonathan Barnbrook is well known in Japan, his studio created the logo for Roppongi Hills and has also worked on the corporate identity of the Mori Art Museum. A hard-backed collection of his work called ‘The Barnbrook Bible’ was published in 2007.
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Artists Armin Hofmann Armin Hofmann is a Swiss graphic designer. He was born on the 29th June 1920. His work is recognised for its reliance on the fundamental elements of graphic form - point, line, and shape . He is well known for his posters, which emphasized economical use of colour and fonts, His teaching methods unorthodox and set new standards that became widely known in design education institutions around the world in reaction to what Hofmann regarded as the “trivialization of colour.� His posters have been widely exhibited as works of art in major galleries, such as the New York Museum of Modern Art.
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Artists Milton Glaser Milton Glaser is an American graphic designer. He was born on the 26th June 1929 in New York. He is best known for his I ♼ New York logo, Bob Dylan Poster the DC Bulltet logo (used from 1977-2005) and the Brooklyn Brewery logo.. In 2009 he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by Barack Obama. He also founded New York Magazine in 1968. His work is displayed in the Cooper Hewitt National Design Museum(New York), the Victoria and Albert Museum (London) and Israel Museum (Jerusalem).
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Primary Evidence
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Primary Evidence
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Primary Evidence
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Primary Evidence
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My 3 Ideas Skylines:
My first idea relates to skylines. From my research on Pinterest I found some images of watercolour skylines. They look effective as they are usually a silhouette of a skyline with a watercolour background or vice versa. I am planning to create ny own watercolour skylines and if I decide to develop this idea I could do a range of skylines from different countries around the world.
Typography in the city:
My second idea relates to typography in the city. I am planning to take photos of text in the city, such as sign posts, shop names, etc. which I can then use in my designs. I would also like to create some typography maps.
Train journeys:
My third idea relates to train journeys, I have chosen this idea as I travel to university everyday so it will be easy for me to collect primary research. I could take pictures of trains, signs around the station, commuters, etc. I am also going to write down phrases that people say on the train and make them into typography. If I decide to continue with this idea I will create my own train tickets.
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Experimentation My first piece of experimentation was my title page from my sketchbook. I decided to draw skyscrapers with a sunset in a background in the inside of the letters using pencil crayons. I chose to do this as skyscrapers are common in large cities.
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Experimentation I decided to create some typography maps. I chose the area of Greater Manchester as all of the pictures I have taken have been in this area. I used a different colour for each place so that the range of colours makes the image more interesting. On one of the maps I created I wrote the name of the place in bold and wrote the name of the place smaller many times to fill up the rest of the space using coloured fine liners. The second map I did I used coloured pencils and wrote the name of the place large enough to fill in the space.
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Experimentation After I had found images of watercolour skylines on Pinterest I decided to create my own using watercolour pencils. I decided to make the skylines in silhouette so that they would stand out effectively in comparison to the brightly coloured background.
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Experimentation I created some typography using coloured pencils. I decided what phrases to use from the announcements at the train station so that this piece would relate to my journey. To improve these pieces I could have chosen a better font that would relate well to my ideas.
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Experimentation I used the design of my train ticket to create my own tickets with my own typography. I chose the words from common conversations that happen on the train. After this I then created some more tickets in a different style. I used a range of colours to make them more eye-catching and interesting. I wrote the 3 letters that identify each station large so they can be easily seen. I then wrote the full station name underneath.
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Experimentation I decided to create some typography maps using Photoshop. I made sure to use a small range of colours so that the image wouldn’t look too complicated. I put the name of the place in a large font and made it the same colour as the background. Then I filled in the shape of the place with words to describe each of the cities, I used a white font for this so that it would be easy to read against the background colours.
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Experimentation
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Experimentation Using the pictures I took for my primary evidence I added text saying ‘Manchester.’ I added coloured squares so that the text would be easier to read, I then lowered the opacity so you could still see some of the image behind.
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Experimentation I decided to create some train tickets using Photoshop. I wrote the 3 letter code that represents each train station in a large and bold font. Then I wrote the name of the station and other details (e.g. the date) in a smaller font. I used blocks of colour in my designs as it fits in well with the theme and looks effective. To improve these tickets I could change the font to one that is more similar to the font that is used on real train tickets.
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Final Designs I have created my final piece which will is a poster that displays train tickets. I have used colour blocking which is similar to the other tickets I created as I thought this was effective. I improved on the previous tickets I created by using a font that is similar to the font used on train tickets. This has helped to make my designs look more realistic.
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Final Designs I have created some more tickets in the style of the tickets I created before, however these are separate whereas the others were in a grid. I am going to print off these tickets and make them more realistic by using a hole-puncher to add a hole at the top of each ticket and then tying a piece of string through it so they will look like realistic swing tickets.
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Final Designs I printed off the swing tickets I created on Photoshop and stuck them onto card to make them sturdier. Then I hole punched them and tied a string through the hole so that the tickets would look more realistic.
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Final Designs After I had created the train tickets I took pictures of all of them together as the colours looked effective. Then I placed them on a variety of bags to make it look more realistic.
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