DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2017 DOME DISTURB JESSICA LOURENS
812945 MATTHEW GREENWOOD + 8E
SECOND SKIN DOME DISTURB
CONTENTS 0.0 INTRODUCTION 1.0 IDEATION 1.1 Measurement Object 1.2 Object + System Analysis 1.3 Volume 1.4 Sketch design proposal 1.5 Critical analysis 2.0 DESIGN 2.1 Design development intro 2.2 Digitization + Design proposal v.1 2.3 Precedent research 2.4 Design proposal v.2 2.5 Prototype v.1+ Testing Effects 2.6 Critical analysis 3.0 FABRICATION 3.1 Fabrication intro 3.2 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v2 3.3 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v3 3.4 Final Prototype development + optimisation 3.5 Final Digital model 3.6 Fabrication sequence 3.7 Assembly Drawing 3.8.1 Refinement of design development 3.8.2 Completed 2nd Skin 3.9 Critical analysis 4.0 REFLECTION 5.0 APPENDIX 5.1 Credit 5.2 Bibliography
0.0 INTRODUCTION “Dome disturb me� Dome disturb is particularly designed for people who need privacy during the examination. It protects, comforts and wearable at the same time. The design is being underlayed from personal space concept. Starting from panel and fold as the material system, the project continues to Ideation, Design, Fabrication and Reflection. The process contributes digital tools and fabrication techniques.
1.0 IDEATION
1.1 OBJECT - MEASUREMENT & RHINO
The document folder was measured physically by ruler. When the object was being fully opened, the angle was measured using protractor to get the accurate angle measurement. Then, in order to draw the object into paper, it was scanned with A3 scanner. The printed papers would be used as the guide to trace the object. Furthermore, I photographed the document folder from different angles and put ruler besides it, to make sure I got the right scale in the scanned ones. As photos express essential feelings of the object, such materials and colours are important to represent the object graphically (Heath, Heath & Jensen, 2000). Later, the measurement would be used to create the rhino model. The outline of the object was drawn first and using the ExtrudeCrv after that. The detail parts were made individually and placed into the model separately.
410 mm
PLAN OF THE OUSIDE PART (WHEN FULLY OPENED)
PLAN OF THE INSIDE PART (WHEN FULLY OPENED)
261 mm 31 mm
135 mm
SECTION (WHEN FULLY FOLDED) ELEVATION (WHEN FULLY FOLDED)
SECTION (WHEN FULLY OPENED)
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
DETAILS
1.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS The document folder is fully closed
Movement process starts
MOVEMENT ANALYSIS Before the document wallet is being opened, it has a solid panel form. The movement showing the document wallet’s form is started to change to fan-form alike. While the movement’s angle is being controlled, the maximum angle achieves 160 degrees. 40°
SIDE ELEVATION (FULLY CLOSED)
SIDE ELEVATION (QUARTERLY OPENED)
FUNCTIONALITY ANALYSIS The outer part of the document wallet has thicker material than the inside part. As it is also used for the functionlity purposes, which is to protect the documents inside it. The flexibility of the inside part material, has allowed the document wallet carrys many documents. The inside part consists of several of compartements to store the documents.
Maximum movement angle that can be achieved
Movement process enters the halfway through
140°
SIDE ELEVATION (HALFLY OPENED)
160°
SIDE ELEVATION (FULLY OPENED)
FAN-FORM PRINCIPLES The pink lines represent one segment that being sticked to the others. It holds the segments together when it is being streched. When its being pressed, the compartements’s length will increase but the width will decrease. Reflecting when its being pressed, being stretched away makes the length decreases and the width increases.
1.3 VOLUME 1.
2.
3.
BACK VIEW
FRONT VIEW
The reconfigure object is used folding and twisting to create volume into the sketch model. Only the inside part of the document wallet that being chose due to the flexibility of it. Because the size of the document wallet is too big, I cut some of the segments and folded it. As the flexibility of the material is high, I was able folded the object for the second time and even twisted it afterwards.
4.
SIDE VIEW
1.4 SKETCH DESIGN PROPOSAL #1 The Closure of Vision
INSPIRATION Sometimes people only see, decide and judge things from their own perception without trying to cosider someone else’ perceptions.
A thick material will be used to allow the user not seeing anything
How does this respond to your personal space? Personal space’s responds: The sharp-front part covers the user’s eyes as as it is the most crucial one in the human body parts that being used to engange with surroundings. Because the eyes is being covered, the user will not only seeing things from single point of view (which is considered as their own perception). This can be acted as the invisible boundaries for the users, in order to response to his/her personal space (Sommer, 1969).
1.4 SKETCH DESIGN PROPOSAL #2 Restricted, Transparency, Flexible
INSPIRATION There are people who ristrict themselves in doing something that does not follow with their thoughts or beliefs.
The material will be flexible so it can wrap the users body.
The transparency represents how the user has its right to express his thoughts or beliefs through the restrictions
Personal space’s responds: In order to explore more into the personal space, this proposal is not about keeping or protecting the users but its the other way around. It limits the users to move as it only gives small personal space. The folded panel is used to limit the user’s hands as they often being used in doing daily activites. It will restrict the user to move freely or do actions.
1.4 SKETCH DESIGN PROPOSAL #3 Shield for Defensive, Repetition
INSPIRATION After exploring the document wallet, the fan-like form is important to the functionality and form of the object. Repetition is also clearly seen in the fanlike form.
The fan-like form has formed due to the flexibility of the material and need to be protected by the outer part which has hard material. However, this idea will explore different things by combining the fan form and hard-stiff material for protection purposes.
Personal space’s responds: The shield is designed to fit the user’s body so it can cover them. It is acted as a defensive shielf to protect the body from an attack. “The violation of individual distance is the violation of society’s expections; the invasion of personal space is an intrusion of a person’s self boundaries” -Sommer, 1969
1.5 CRITICAL ANALYSIS
My chosen material system is panel and fold and the object that interprets it is document folder. To explore the material system, the object is demonstrated the complexity of folding techniques and choice of materials. M1 helps me to realise the importance of accurate measured drawings could explain “the full meaning of designer’s principal working media” (Heath, Heath & Jensen, 2000). It makes me fully understand how the system works, where in this case, involving materials, movement and functionality aspects. So, I could explore the main concepts that panel and fold system has, which is flexibility. I demonstarted the flexibility into the reconfigured object where I explored the twisting and folding techniques. Through here, I applied the idea into the sketch design proposal. Exploring the idea of flexibility and personal space is the main consideration, when I did the proposal. However, I did not contribute the information that I got from readings, which explains the reason my struggling to explore more the personal space idea. I reflect that in order to move into the next stage, research is a necessary to understand the scope of my design as it also guides me.
END OF MODULE 1
2.0 DESIGN
// TEAM MEMBERS:
Caroline Lee
|
Jessica Lourens
|
Riya Vats //
movement
stability
dynamism
2.1 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT INTRO
IDEAS TAKEN FROM M1: With a careful consideration, our group used my sketch design proposal to explore the personal space concept further. It embodies the idea of: 1. Protection - importance of protecting the users, in physically and even mentally 2. Enclosed - draws boundaries for other people to not get close to the users 3. Choice of materials - with the flexibility as the main concept, materials are important to
PERSONAL SPACE IN THE PARTICULAR SITUATION THAT GIVEN: The environment we decided to focus on is a person while giving an examination. It is a situation that people usually tend to want space in and not get invaded by other people into their space. Our personal space concentrates on the upper body of the person as mostly the person will be sitting for the entire examination. This was taken from the sketch model proposal in Module 1, where its focused on the head part. Though, we took it further into head and shoulder part.
JESSICA’S FIRST SKETCH PROPOSAL
LEVEL OF PERSONAL SPACE NEEDED: High
Medium
Low
OTHER FACTORS CONSIDERATION: 1. SITTING FACTOR - In examation, it varies on how a person is sitting from straight to completely leaning on the table - which depends on the preferences so moveable design wiill be suitable
2. LIGHT FACTOR - Research shows that, temperature of the room affects the concentration level during a test and we decided that the light will come from the left direction.
APPLIED MODEL: The model has different sections of equal measurements. These panels will help in folding and expanding the structure model. The model has its folds which made it very easy to change the angle and shape of the structure.
The model was inspired by historical helmets to create one of the possible structures for our model. It used the pivot property which was developed in Module 1.
APPLIED SKETCH MODEL:
2.2 DIGITALIZATION + DESIGN PROPOSAL V.1
MOVEMENT DETAILS:
Our first design proposal is focused on the moveable concept as well as the exploration of form. Concentrated with only upper body, shoulder will be used to support the object. With the different panels, it allows the movement to occur. This movement is used to control the exposure as well as noise from surroundings.
After created the model, we realised the design is also adapted from the developed sketch design from Module 1, which using pivot.
PERSPECTIVE
PLAN
ELEVATION
APPLIED SKETCH MODEL:
The second attempt of design is still exploring moveabele concept, though its more translated the origami into digital model. The idea came up from document folder idea where the same principle is being applied into these second design. PLAN
We pinned the ends of the folds together to have an overall view of the ‘common hinge’ effect. The pin succesfully secures the ends of the folds together.
ELEVATION 1 ELEVATION 2
FOLDABLE DETAILS: We have also used the inspiration from our expandable folder by connecting the panels at a common hinge. This allows the movement of the panels to open and close according to the user’s preference.
2.3 PRECEDENT RESEARCH Veasyble by GAIA Concept: Transformability, Collapsibility
Huyghe + Le Corbusier Puppet Theatre By MOS Concept: Interlock
The VEASYBLE project aims to transform wearable objects into an intimate space. This is done by using the property of expansion. This project used origami techniques to create a pattern that would create volume as well make folding easy. This inspiration of this project was taken from the ruffs in the earlier period. The aim was to create a dominant aesthetic of privacy.
This structure was built with 500 unique polycarbonate panels, diamond shaped which interlock and create a rigid structure. The interlocking feature draws our attention which can be used in our model.
2.4 DESIGN PROPOSAL V.2
Through the exploration of precent research, we adapted the idea and techniques behind it into the design. Here, we coorporated different sizes of patten to enhance the light effect. The different sizes are also used to control the amount of light that enters the object. PLAN
ELEVATION 1 PERSPECTIVE
ELEVATION 2 DETAILS OF PATTERN
2.5 PROTOTYPE + TESTING EFFECTS
As the actual object has bigger size, we only created one layer of patterns to give sense of scale. The prototype was made from paper as it gives the object more flexibility and slightly transparency. Though, we only tested the 150gsm one and it did not hold the form very well. The paper is easy to fold but lack of the rigidity. The side of the object will need stability so temporary joints would be needed when its being fully opened.
EXAMPLE OF TEMPORARY JOINT
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
BACK VIEW
LIGHT EFFECT & ATMOSPHERE: Because we used thin paper, light can come through into the object easily. However, as our design has holes on it, light effect is easily to be achived, even if we used thick material. Here, not only considering the light but also the atmosphere that we wanted to achieve when the user wears the object. As we considered examination as our particular situation, calm atmosphere is needed for the user to concentrate when doing the exams.
2.7 CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Module 2 is more about translating the idea from M1 into the digital model on Rhino. At first, our group was started to explore the form that can be used for moveable purposes. We did not put any organic form, either patterns. Moving to the next stage, we started to imply our origami pattern that we did into the actual digital model. However, we did not realise the problem if working with origami technique. As being stated in Lost Parameter Space reading (Scheurer & Stehling, 2011), a model does not accomodates the information within it but only uses to illustrate the properties of object unambiguously. This led us to the real problem as we had not tried unrolling the digital model on Rhino. In this stage, we found that having human body model on Rhino was really helpful in designing the second skin. The precedent research that we found was also became the fundamental of our design. We tried to imply the similar technique that being used in the precedent into our design. Choice of materials and the folding technique from the precedent study were being tested.
END OF MODULE 2
3.0 FABRICATION
// TEAM MEMBERS:
Caroline Lee
|
Jessica Lourens
|
Riya Vats //
3.1 FABRICATION INTRO
Struggling with our design in Module 2, we redesigned the design proposal into more organic form and left the moveable concept behind. Here, we started to focus on the flexibility and light effect for our design. The probelm from previous design was its relied on the other object. We realised the purpose we designing second skin was to be ‘second skin’ for human body so the object should be able to sit on the body. Our personal space involves the space around examination table, though we needed to design the proposal that has self-support structure as its the main concept in panel and fold system. Our group still coorporated holes in designing the pattern for the second skin as its important for the light purposes. As in the module 2’s prototype we made it manually by hands, we shifted our direction into the other fabrication technique, which is laser cutting.
3.2 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & FABRICATION OF PROTOTYPE V2
Our first attempt for the design development was exploring the self-supporting structure. Here, we tested how the model can sit on human’s body and we decided to put it on the shoulder. With the use of square pattern, we succeed unroll the model on Rhino and assembled them one by one as the tabs were helped to attach the pieces on one to another. ELEVATION
TOP
The prototype was a succeed one as it sits on the shoulder.
PERSPECTIVE
3.3 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & FABRICATION OF PROTYPE V3
After exploring the structural form in the first design development, we started to design more organic form. We decided to still coorporate the square pattern for the design and wanted to use shoulder to support the object. However, when we fabricated the object, it turned out the object did not sit on the shoulder but sat on the head.
ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE 1
PERSPECTIVE 2
FRONT
ISOMETRIC
Here, the final prototype is being showed after the exploration of optimasation that will be showed below.
ELEVATION
3.4 FINAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT + OPTIMISATION
Considering the lighting purposes, we explored several different shapes for the of pattern. We wanted to try different lighting effects that could be shown in the different shapes of patterns. These holes on the middle of the patterns will helping light to enter the inside model. Square-based shape will become the chosen one as we considering it will provide greater source of light. Where the light will come from left direction, greater size of holes will be faced into it.
The different size of holes will be adjusted to the lighting focus which is our case, more on the left side.
1ST ATTEMPT: POLYPROPYLENE (600X600MM)
2ND ATTEMPT: OPTIX CARDBOARD BLACK (300GSM)
3RD ATTEMPT: IVORY CARD (290GSM)
Our group tested three different materials for the sake of the final design. Firstly, we tried polypropylene because we wanted to coorporate the lighting effect as polyprolyne has high level of transparency. However, we found that the material is too floopy for the design because it did not hold the structure very well. If we wanted to use this material, we should add some structural support from other material to hold the form, though we decided to try another material. Secondly, we tested optic cardboard black as it is thinner than polyproplyne. We wanted to explore different material with this and found that if we use black for the colour of material, the interior would be dark. So, if we wanted to use this material, we should think to put lights inside the design. The last attempt was using ivory card. Ivory card is the thinesst among the two tested materials. Because the material is thin, it is easy for us to fold it and we did not need to use lights as the interior is not that dark. However, the problem is similar with polyprolyne - did not hold the form really well.
3.6 FABRICATION SEQUENCE
1
6
2
3
7
8
4
9
5
3.7 ASSEMBLY DRAWING
3.8.1 REFINEMENT OF DESIGN DEVELOPMENT: PRECEDENTS
Ichii Renovation, Hakodate, Japan
ArboSkin pavilion made from bioplastic by ITKE
Concept: gradually changing pattern, repetition
Concept: single component, flexibility, triangles
The project helped our design due to the arrangements of pattern that they use on the facade. We realised the triangles was intentionally being put alligned linearly. This concept was helpful for our design as it will give more flexibility into it.
This precedent inspired our design, in terms of how to arrange the pattern on one single component. As the pattern is 3D, the impressions that given are also not flat. It also shows how triangles can give flexibility on the organic form.
The concept sketch is being showed to understand where is the pattern derived from.
3.8.1 REFINEMENT OF DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
In our Module 3 feedback, we were being critised with our lack of development in the second skin’s design. So, we continued our research and development as the module 3 had finished. According to Charny (), when practicing crafting stuffs, it can go wrong sometimes. For some people, they will just stop exploring when it is already hit their limit. But, experts will continue exploring and find the solutions to solve the problem. Here, our group was really inspired to constantly develope and exploring new possibilities for our design. In the end, we ended up with some new improvements, which are: 1. PATTERN - lack of research led us ending up with the square pattern. We were being critised that the square pattern as well as its size were a mistake. At last, we altered the pattern into triangle as it gives more flexibility to achieve the organic form that we have. We took our precedents ideas and applied it into our design.
PATTERN FORM:
Square does not give enough flexibility
PATTERN FORM:
After careful consideration, our group decided to alter the pattern form into triangle to give more flexibility to the design and reduced the size of the pattern
Initially, our group used square as the form of our pattern but the feedbacks said that square was not the best option to use in our design. We tried to test the comments that we got and apparently it was true that square does not give enough flexibility for organic form. At last, we changed our pattern. As our rhino model has square grid, we tested different approaches but finally ended up to stick with the square grid. In order to do it, we divided the square into two so it can be formed as triangles.
3.8.1 REFINEMENT OF DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
2. FORM - we still kept our original form but only increasing the size as we wanted the object to sit on the shoulder. Because the object is too small, apparently it sits on the head, not the part that we want.
3. OTHER DEVELOPMENT - another feedback is mentioned about the overall form of our second skin design was too flat. Here, we wanted to create more of 3D form to overcome the problem. From ArboSkin pavilion, we decided to imply the main concept into our final second skin design to give 3D impressions.
1st change:
Our initial design has overall smooth surface and we found that it makes it too 2D
2nd change: Result:
Our group decided to make changes for the form, including increase the size of both sides and reduce the overall size. Due to this changes, our design was finally able to sit on the shoulder.
In order to give the 3D impressions, we changed the surface becoming more rough
3.8.1 REFINEMENT OF DESIGN DEVELOPMENT: DIGITAL MODEL
With the use of Mesh and MeshtoNurb commands, we were able to create the base for the design. However, we failed to put the gradually changing pattern as we still did not know the reason behind it. We decided to do the holes manually by hands.
TOP SIDE
FRONT
BACK
PERSPECTIVE
3.8.1 REFINEMENT OF DESIGN DEVELOPMENT: FABRICATION SEQUENCE
1.
2.
Intentionally, the unrolled curves from Rhino was being arrange into one linear strip. It is different from previous work, where we arranged the pattern one by one and used tabs to attach one to the another.
3.
As we got problem with the panelling tools, we cut each individual triangle holes by hands. We measured it first by ruler and using hand craft knife to carefuly cut them.
4.
To attach one strip to the other ones, we glued them and used clips to make the tabs strongly attached.
We did not attach all of the strips into one at once, instead put two or three strips into one. Then, after everything done, we attached all of them together.
3.8.2 COMPLETED 2ND SKIN
3.9 CRITICAL ANALYSIS
In Module 3, we made significant changes in our design. From our Module 2’s feedback, we developed many aspects, including changed our form and its structural support. We started to use digital fabrication technique through laser cutting and fabricated our final design with it. However, due to our lack of time management, we developed our design further at the end of Module 3. Our group’s difficulty was involving Rhino, where we were unable to unroll the surface as well as could not put panelling tools into the form. In the end, we were able to overcome the problem by using precedent researches and read the readings as our inspiration and guidance. With our mixture use of hand crafting and digital fabrication technique, we solved the problem of panelling tools that we dealt with. The idea itself came from reading of Thinking Through Making, where it talks about crafters embrace new medium with the combination of craft, technology and human ingenuity (Charny, 20). At this stage, we reached many achievements, comparing to our Module 3 journal - the one that we submitted. We did several development because we realised we did not do well on the Module 3 journal, due to our lack of research and group communication.
END OF MODULE 3
4.0 REFLECTION
The subject taught me how we can produce digital design and translate it into tangible and useable forms. From the beginning of the course, the reading from Sommer (1969) has already inscribed the notion of personal space and the importance of it. This guided me throughout the semester. While the final product was the result of ideas that being developed in Module 1 and Module 2, apparently Module 3 was the most important stage. Several elements were being added, as changes were being made as well. From here, I realised the complexity of translating 2D model into 3D ones. Difficulties such as unrolling problems as well as choosing the right and efficient fabrication technique were ocurred during the process. Personally, I have been more challenged in this stage as I was being forced to rethink and redevelop the idea from Module 2. Being discipline is another lesson that I got from this course. I realised this course exposed me how the whole process could influence the final product. Without any process and development, the result is nothing. Lack of discipline and communication were the problem in our group. Therefore, we decided to change and looked back into our previous works to find whats needed to be changed and whats needed to be developed. As Rifkin (2001) mentions, “the rationalisation of production” requires “a rationalisation of workforce itself”. The lack of research was also limited us to move forward and develop our ideas. For example, our decision to choose square as our patten in Module 3 contrasted with organic form that we have. A week before the showcase, we decided to look into more of precedents and found triangle was the best option. When dealing with Rhino, we struggled a lot. Our form was created from doubly curved surfaces, which led to unsmooth surfaces results (Pottman et al., 2007). Here, I found that a precision computer modelling was crucial, in order to do the fabrication. For example, we could not put the Custom3DVar command into our form as we wanted to create gradually changing pattern. At last, we decided to only put one pattern and did the gradually changing pattern by hand crafting. This makes our final prototype different from our previous
previous designs. I was inspired from Pye’s writting (1968), where he said “The quality of the result is continually at risk during the process of making” but sustaining diversity of variation of the culture would be the outcomes. I felt the uniqueness of our final design was being brought through the mixed use of hand craft and digital fabrication. Our group felt this sense of belongings and became prouder after completing the prototype. In conclusion, the use of technology in digital model and fabrication techniques embodies more complexity than it is. Being unpredictable and uncertainity are lessons that I got when dealing with digital technology. The relationship between human, technology and architecture is strongly tied up to each other through crafting. I believe from this course I am able to understand this relationship and being able to apply the software skills and lessons that I got into my future career. I am grateful this course gave me a chance to work with my goup members, Riya and Caroline. Both of them made me see the opportunity and new perspectives that I have not seen before. I am also wanted to thank our tutor, Matt, that had guided and cared us. Those feedbacks and suggestions were really helped us to move forward.
5.1 CREDIT
5.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Charny, D. Thinking Through Making/In Crafts. Danish. Design & Making, p31-37, Kongens Nytorv. Heath, A., Heath, D., & Jensen, A. (2000). 300 years of industrial design : function, form, technique, 1700-2000 / Adrian Heath, Ditte Heath, Aage Lund Jensen. New York: Watson�Guptill. ITKE. (2013). ArboSkin pavilion made from bioplastic. Stuttgart, Germany. Digital fabrications: architectural and material techniques / Lisa Iwamoto. New York : Princeton Architectural Press, c2009. Architecture in the Digital Age - Design and Manufacturing /Branko Kolarevic. Spon Press, London, c2003. Scheurer, F. and Stehling, H. (2011). Lost in Parameter Space?. IAD: Architectural Design, Wiley, 81, 4 July, pp. 70-79. PODA. (2013). Ichii Renovation. Hakodate, Japan. Asperl et al,. (2007). Surfaces that can be built from paper/In H.Pottmann, A.Asperl, M.Hofer, A.Kilian (eds). Architectural Geometry, p534-561, Bentley Institute Press. Pye, D. (1968). The Nature and Art of Workmanship. Cambridge: The Herbert Press. Rifkin, J. (2011). The third Industrial Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan. pp107-126. Sommer, R. (1969). Personal space : the behavioral basis of design / Robert Sommer. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, c1969.
DDF UNIMELB