Studio Air Journal Part B by Jessica Lourens

AIR JOURNAL

/ JESSICA LOURENS 812945 /

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Research Field B.01

Case Study 01 B.02 Case Study 02 B.03

Technique Development B.04

Prototyping B.05

Technique Proposal B.06 Learning Outcomes B.07

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B. 01

RESEARCH FIELD http://chanhps.weebly.com/announcements/patterns-in-real-life 4

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PATTERNING

The ideal purpose of design computation is to explore the possibility of new forms. By seeking this new possibility, a new pattern language is being formed. Patterning is one of the way to search new design opportunity. In architecture, patterning holds a momentous place in the design through its expression of repetition, order and elements. It expresses the aesthetic of sequence and logic. And one quality that patterning holds is similarities and connections still would be seen even though many changes have been done.1 Traditional architecture utilises the complexity of patterning as a complementary element to the building design, which usually called “decoration” or “ornamentation”.2 It often relates to specific reiligion and cultural symbols.

However, patterning could be understood more than as there are many undiscovered possibility. Thus, understanding how patterning behaves is crucial to produce more effecient design and construction method. And to understand it, parametric design could be used. This could be possible as patterning has its own “algorithms” which allows a set of complex systems being created. Through computer, we could understand and generate the existing algorithms or even reproduce new algorithms. Menges states that computational process could help recreating the natural norms and behaviours of patterning by using “the logics of generative computational systems that integrate material, form and performance in the design process”.3

Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein, A Pattern Language (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977). Achim Menges, “Material Computation: Higher integration in Morphophonemic Design”, Architectural Design, 82,2, pp. 14-21, p. 20. 3 Ibid, 24. 1 2

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B. 02 CASE STUDY 01

http://www.azahner.com/portfolio/de-young 6

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DE YOUNG MUSEUM

Through generating computational technology, Herzog and de Meuron are succeed to redesign an old building project from its original form. Well-known with the unique facade, it consists a pattern of dimples and pores with varying radius which claded with copper panel. The design tries to mimic pattern of light shines through trees with the use of image sampling technique. So two natural trees images are depicted through two construction method, perforation and pebble extrusion.1 This technique also gives more variable and vivid effects to the pattern.

Zahner, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;De Young Museumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, 2012 <http://www.azahner.com/portfolio/de-young>.

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ITERATIONS

SPECIES 1 ORIGINAL CHANGE CIRCLE SIZES

CHANGE CIRCLE HEIGHT

SPECIES 2 IMAGE SAMPLING

SPECIES 3 EXTRUDE

EXTRUDE FIRST OVERLAYED CIRCLE

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EXTRUDE SECOND OVERLAYED CIRCLE

CHANGE CIRCLE FLAT HEIGHT

EXTRUDE THIRD OVERLAYED CIRCLE

CHANGE RADIUS

EXTRUDE POINT

CHANGE RADIUS + U & V VALUES

EXTRUDE CURVE

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SPECIES 4 EXPRESSIONS

SIN(X)*X

2*SIN(X)

SPECIES 5 BOX MORPH

SURFACE BOX

GEOMETRY BOX

SPECIES 6 CONTOUR

CONTOUR + UNIT Y

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CONTOUR + UNIT X

COS(X)*X

GEOMETRY SPHERE

UNIT X + ORIENT

SIN(X)*COS(X)

IF (X>Y, 10, 3)

GEOMETRY BOX WITTH HOLES

GEOMETRY LOFTED CURVE

CONTOUR + LOFT

CONTOUR, LOFT & EXTRUDE

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SUCESSFULL OUTCOMES

IMAGE SAMPLING

EXTRUDE SECOND OVERLAYED CIRCLE

This iteration is chosen due to its three dimensional elements that being created based on the existing pattern. The form itself is interesting whilst the different heights exist in several places due to the influence of image sampling. Thus, the overall structure becomes more complex, elaborate and attractive. This technique can be useful to produce a bulgy 3d facade that has certain image based pattern.

This outcome is rather fluid comparing to previous one. It is visually attractive as the technique only relies on the extruded-flat simple 2d pattern. And unexpectedly, a volumetric convex surface can be achieved through it. This can conclude that higher level of complexity can be achieved through such a simple method. It represents the capability of computer to manipulate the outcome.

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Complexity Fluidity

GEOMETRY WITH BOX HOLES

UNIT X + ORIENT

From a flat 2d pattern, box morph with hollow box based geometry is used to produce this structure. It shows how one component in grasshopper could sucessfully transform simple 2d pattern into more complex 3d form. The outcome presents somewhat a floral and curvacious form that sit softly within one another. This also shows the potential of grasshopper to mimic the appearance of nature.

Comparing to the other selection outcomes, this particular iteration has completely different form with its height. It is a lot more interesting due to the curvatures found in the form that looks lightweight. On the other side, the repition that all curves make, creates kind of enclosed walls. This also gives another impressions that coorporates the idea of mass.

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http://www.azahner.com/portfolio/de-young 14

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http://www.evolo.us/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/VoltaDom-1.jpg

MERGING TECHNIQUE

Through considerations, I decided to merge my research field with my group partner, Catherine. In the beginning of the journal, patterning has been shown as my reseach field. However, Catherine did not persue the same field as she chose to do biomimicry. At first, I was quite hesitated to merge with her as we did not have the same background field that being explored. Yet, after throughly understand the idea of patterning from the first case study, I realised the major elements of this research field was involving repetition and unregularity. As shown from the previous section in my chosen outcomes, most of them were being transformed into completely different forms from the previous one. And at the similar time, Catherine and me

discussed about the qualities of our each fields to ensure we will not lose them after our emerging. We found that biomimicry is part of patterning due to its consistency of form repetitions. Regular and/ or unregular geometry produce the pattern. Though, patterning could not be classified as biomimicry due to biomimicryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tendency to mimic the behavious of nature while patterning is more towards mimicing only the appearance.

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W.05

PAVILION PROJECT

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This project was inspired by biomimicry that my partner has as her research field. The form itself resembles a shell which is shown in the plan beside. Even though it resembles shell form, it actually was formed from several pipes that being centerly connected. So taking the quality of the video that our tutor gave us, we found that the music is quite interesting. Thus, my group had this idea of creating our pavillion its own sounds by using different materials with different sizes. This differences would be effectively used when it is raining as rainwater that falls into the surface of the pavilion will produce different sound that has different pitches and volumes. Another idea was also involving rainwater where apart from creating the different pitch and volume, this pavilion could also act as a rainwater collector. And by coorporating our site analysis into it, this pavilion could serve its propose as a shelter for pedestrian or even cyclists.

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B. 03 CASE STUDY 02

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ZA11 PAVILION

This pavilion was only a temporary built structure that used CNC router as the fabrication method. It was composed using timber and carefully connected with the joints. One of the aim when designing pavilion was to demonstrate the capabilities of computation in architecture.1 The form was consist of a free-form curved surface that has hexagons as the main pattern. Somehow the hexagons were shown as centerly distorted which creating an extreme angular appearance. Considering our emerging, this pavilion is a good example to depict both qualities of our each research fields. Though, the structure is more likely towards biomimicry but its hexagon pattern is also considered as the element of patterning.

Dimitrie Stefanescu, â&#x20AC;&#x153;ZA11 Pavilionâ&#x20AC;?, 2011, < http://allthatsdesign.blogspot.com.au/2011/11/za11-pavilion.html>.

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REVERSE ENGINEERING

Create curves that resemble the form on rhino.

Loft the two curves to get the desirable surface.

Scale down the surface to give depth for the form.

Use hexagonal cells to create the hexagon pattern.

Then use ruled surface to loft the hexagons together. *BAKE THE HEXAGONAL CELLS AND RULED SURFACE TO GET THE OUTCOME ON RHINO

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These steps were the second attempt to do the reverse engineering. As I decided to merge our research field together with Catherine, we both tried remaking this pavilion. At first, I used completely the same steps as shown beside however I was unable to loft the hexagons that I created. In the similar time, my partner was able to loft the two hexagons together by using ruled surface. And thus, we decided to use her outcome instead of mine even though my hexagonal was able to be lofted with this component as well. Our group decided to not recreate the hinges that being used to connect the structure as we are more interested exploring the distorted hexagons form that the pavilion posseses.

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W.06

PAVILION PROJECT

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Still having the same theme as the week before, our group designed a pavilion. We also still had the same theme that coorporating biomimicry as the main idea. Here, the form resembles jellyfish that being put within one and another. As we located this pavilion near the river, we got a comment that looks like the jellyfish coming out from the river and build their territory along the edge of the river. Our pavilion’s function only being intended for shelter and a climbing area. We also thought that the site was lacking social interaction. So regarding this pavilion, people might stop to have a look and maybe this pavilion could act as a starter of converstations. However, our tutor’s feedback made us realise that this pavilion’s function was not clear enough. We wanted to explore more upcoming possibility on how people could interact with the pavilion without losing its main purpose as a shelter. And we came out of this idea about gallery. There is potential for this pavilion of exhibit arts while the pavilion itself could be considered as the art as well. We considered to scale up the size so people could enter each jellyfish and see the exhibitions inside it.

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B. 04

TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT

SPECIES ONE PATTERN

TRIANGLE

RANDOM QUADS

KALEIDESCOPE

DISTANCE= 1

TRIANGLE

RANDOM QUADS

SPECIES TWO KALEIDOSCOPE

SPECIES THREE DATA GRID STRUCTURE

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HEXAGON

DIAMOND

SKEWED QUADS

DISTANCE= 2

DISTANCE= 3

DISTANCE= 4

HEXAGON

DIAMOND

SKEWED QUADS

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SPECIES FOUR BOX MORPH

HALF CYCLINDER

BOX WITH HOLES

SPECIES FIVE IMAGE SAMPLING

EXTRUDED IMAGE

USE EXPRESSION AND RULED SURFACE

SPECIES SIX VORONOI

VORONOI

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CHANGE COUNT VALUE

EXTRUDED CURVE

CHANGE Y-VALUE

CHANGE MAX FACTOR

TORUS

DOUBLE IMAGE SAMPLING

CHANGE AND U-VALUE AND Y-VALUE

BOX MORPHE WITH SURFACE BOX

DOUBLE EXPRESSION

ADDING POINT ATTRACTION

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SPECIES SEVEN VORONOI 3D

VORONOI 3D

RULED SURFACE

SPECIES EIGHT SINGLE LOFT, MOVE AND EXTRUDED

TRIANGLE

RANDOM QUADS

SPECIES NINE QUALEA

HEXAGON

DIAMOND

SPECIES TEN DATA GRID STRUCTURE

ONE BASE PLANE

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TWO BASE PLA

ANE

PIPE

SKEWED QUADS

RANDOM QUAD PANELS

THREE BASE PLANE

VORONOI 3D + PIPE

DIAMOND

TRIANGLE PANELS

ADDING CIRCLE AND FLIP

OFFSET + MOVE

HEXAGON

SKEWED QUAD

ADDING CONE

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SUCESSFULL OUTCOMES

ADDING POINT ATTRACTION

PIPE

The structure is relatively unique due to the effects that point attractor gives. Proper and polite manners that the distorted hexagons of ZA11, has slightly transformed into these unregular arranged. My partner is interested with this pattern as her research field is more into exploring unregularity patternisaton in the nature. And somewhat, this pattern resembles cheetah print. The pattern would be continuely investegated through fabrication process to ensure it is workable as an 3D model.

Different from the previous structure, this outcome allows self-support to occur due to the frames that being created from the pipe form. Its pipes also create their own pattern based on voronoi form that grasshopper has. Our group decided to stick with voronoi as our main pattern as it fully describes our merging fields, biomimicry and patterning. So, we intended to furtherly explore the structure as this form has the highest potential to be carried further to the next design proposal.

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Complexity Fluidity Light

HEXAGON

From the initial form that has distorted hexagons elements, this interation had been transformed into a completely different one. It is harsh and cruel at the same time. The way each surfaces intersect to each other leaves this impressions to be seen. Our group found this iteration is succeed among the others as it shows how grasshopper has no boundary in creating a high complexity form. However, this iteration would be carried further as the complexity restricts us to fabricate it.

ADDING CONE Judging from the appearance of this outcome, it does not describe any complexity, fluidity and gives light purposes on it. Also, it is not a visually-pleasant object, yet we found this very interesting. It is particulary chosen due to the whole new outcome that grasshopper produced from the previous iteration. It fascinates us how grasshopper could throughly change an object with only one different component Though, we intended to not fabricate this particular iteration.

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W.07

BUILDING PROJECT

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THE UNSEEN

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The quality that we took from writtings about Zora was how people could make new memories and its unforgetable. This building was designed based on the idea of being visible and invisible at the same time. As the building would have completely glass facade that wraps entire surface, it will enhance the interpretation of the invisible idea. The aim is to creating different experience and memories for the users while they are seeing the building. Moreover, this building was also inspired by Mies van der Roheâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s glass skyscraper which was a bold and radical proposal at that time.

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HTTPS://MAIL.GOOGLE.COM/MAIL/U/0/?UI=2&IK=C3ACB1D4B5&VIEW=FIMG&TH=15E8041AFBC28B2F&ATTID=0.1&DISP=EMB&REALATTID=II_15E8041984B6DA38&ATTBID=ANGJDJ-OIPA5RH_YBPL9Z2_FX PY_C9PFNMESRNZFQP-VWYXYBYIXU6X-GEQV9YZODFZFHBRI6EV0GH2RCUFVNP_JYQZ3JE0-I&SZ=W788-H788&ATS=1505390351009&RM=15E8041AFBC28B2F&ZW&ATSH=1

B. 05 PROTOTYPING

FIRST ATTEMPT

The first attempt was focusing more into how our group could fabricate a pattern that being used as the facade and being supported by several coloumns that also could act as light sources. We chose to fabricate it through laser cutting and used ivory card as the material as it gives more flexibility to fold. Each coloumns had tabs to create a 3d structure. After the attempt to fabricate it, we considered this attempt as a failure. The material that we used was too thin so it could not hold the whole structure. As shown in the photo, the prototype lines are too thin and easily being ripped apart. However, this failed attempt also brings a benefit for us as we discovered that laser cutting allows us to fabricate a very detail prototype.

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DIQHLECZJB7LIQHKWEYKBYCCVNBQS-

SECOND ATTEMPT

The second attempt was slightlt different from the previous one as we wanted to discover the self-supporting system. We still used the same technique of laser cutting and used the same material as well. Even though we knew from the previous attempt ivory card is too thin for our prototype but we considered this material is the best option to be folded. In this attempt, we fabricated only the voronoi pattern and used the same technique of tabs to connect them together. Unfortunetely, we failed this second one as the model could not hold its own structure. Even some of the connections could not fully attach to the others as we also tried to bend it. At last, they started to ripped apart which relatively the same result as the previous attempt.

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B. 06.1 SITE ANALYSIS

When we visited Merri Creek, we found that the place is well-shaded due to the existing vegetation around the area. The site was felt relatively cold comparing to its surroundings that mostly uban area. We realised most of the circulation only circulates around the pathway where exist beside Yarra river. As there is only one pathway, its also being used for two directions. There is no such boundary for pedestrian path as well as for cyclistâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. And thus, we found this quite troublesome as it could restrict both pedestrian and cyclists access.

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SITE DIAGRAM

SUN PATH

CIRCULATION

VEGETATION

RIVER

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B. 06.2

TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL

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CONSPICIOUS

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;CONSPICIOUS'

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DESIGN APPLIED

WHAT? In this part, our group is proposing a path that targets pedestrian to be the main users. The form can be adadaptable to the surroundings environment. Mostly, it will follow the contour and main circulation of the site. In terms of sizing, our project will not have a gigantic size but more towards linear as it will act as a ‘bridge’ for the pedestrian. This also allows pedestrian to experience the beauty of Merri Creek without being disturbed by cyclists.

WHY? This proposed design is relatively connected to our previous projects in the pin-up sessions. Previously, we addressed about the problem of pedestrian in accessing the pathways due to the large amount of cyclists that pass by around the area. And this also could lead to the potentials of accident occurence. Moreover, we found that there is a school around the area, which means the potential of children playing around is quite high. Thus, our group is hoping that the project that we designed, could minimise this potential issue.

HOW? The design itself is rather creating separation for pedestrian and cyclists. Focusing on the site analysis, our group tried to integrate all the elements of sun path, circulation and vegetation into the main considerations in designing the project. The most obvious one is its form where follows the main circulation of the site. And even though we tried to apply this idea of ‘separation’ into the purpose of our design, the decision that we made to follow the arrangement of the pathways also could possibly minimise the different experience that the users could have. This could be affected from the different heights that our project and the main path have. Another consideration that we have involves the materials. We decided to choose material that has transparency to allow sun penetrates the main path without being blocked by our proposed design. Yet, we still considered using steel as the main support for the structure.

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EXPLODED DIAGRAM

CONNECTING BIOMIMICRY AND PATTERNING The aim of this part is to colliding our techniques from each research fields have. As mentions in the previous part, the two research fields are similar but also different in same ways. By taking overlapped ideas that they have and tried connecting them together are the main purpose of this project. We took biomimicry elements and applied it into this project through the adaptable quality that it has towards environment. This allows the project to be extendable and not only being restricted by our chosen site. It gives more flexibility to extend the project into more broader area and context. Patterning quality is seen as the repetition of elements and project fully reflects it. As shown on the diagram above, the project consists of repetition of single surface and only use the frames to connect them together.

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In the previous pin-up sessions, our group addressed about the issue that we experienced during the site visit. It was difficult for us to stand for long time in a one place where several joggers and cyclists were exercising around the area. Regarding to this experience, we tried to design pavilions that could act as a shelter. We thought that this idea could minimise the issue of pedestrian disturbance. There is possibility that it might work but we realised that we did not directly solve the issue. So, this project also being insipired by our failures as we wanted to design more meaningful and useful design for the users.

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W.08

PAVILION PROJECT

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The idea behind this pavilion was reinterpreting freedom that usually birds being symbolised of. Our groupâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s chosen bird was Splendid Fairywren. They consider as small birds that are not strong fliers. After doing some research, we realised the number of these birds is decreasing every year due to human occupation which forces clearing their habitat. Thus, we intended to design the pavilion for birds to live in. Also, we were hoping that it could be a recretional place for children. However, the interim feedbacks that we received was stating that we as architects could not fully believe that our intended purposes when designing the building would become the actual building function. Such prediction is ambiguous and could be different in reality. Being able to merge a place for birds to live in and human recretional place was extremely difficult as they tend to disconnect to each others. So our group decided to step back to find what we could do regarding to our unsucessful attempt in proposing the ideas. Considering the interim feedbacks, being able to complete them has become another challenge for us.

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B. 07

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Part B was a long process comparing to the previous part. I found that the research field helps me to develop my understanding about patternisation. The place where I came from was famous with its local pattern textile that is called “batik”. And my research field reminds me to those particular patterns. With the introduction of plug-in in grasshopper, lectures and studios, I make a better understanding on how construct patterning design. Interestingly, it is not only restricted to a 2d ornament but also 3d’s. I found that my decision in merging my research field with Catherine was really helpful during the design process. Apart it reduced our workload, we were able to discuss and share our ideas. This was really exciting, especially when we realised that my research field and hers were having overlapped elements. It intrigued me to find out more what other

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similarity or even differences that we could discover during the process. Indeed, several failures were occurred when we tried to explore new grasshopper plug-in as well as in doing the fabrication. And “sometimes, you have to make a big mistakes to figure out how to make things right, mistakes are painful they are the only way to find out the reality”. The quote really reflects my experience in the interim presention. We were not throughly addressed our chosen bird’s quality and did not consider how to merge a public space for human with a space for birds to live in. Due to this ‘failure’, we were able to identify what we are lacking and find solution to solve it. Even though we received more workload due to the pin-up session that we

do every week, I found that this session carries the biggest possibility to learn stuff in architecture. Not only designing building but also understand what could possibly exist beyond it.

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“EVERY EXERC HAS TO B AS YOUR

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CISE THAT I SET BE SEEN R LAST” -JULIUS EGAN

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APPENDIX

The colonnade of the VCCC building by McBride Charles Ryan

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The interior of the NGV Australia in Federation Square by LAB

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REFERENCES

Achim Menges, “Material Computation: Higher integration in Morphophonemic Design”, Architectural Design, 82,2,

Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein, A Pattern Language (New York: Oxford University Press, Dimitrie Stefanescu, “ZA11 Pavilion”, 2011, < http://allthatsdesign.blogspot.com.au/2011/11/za11-pavilion.html>. Zahner, ‘De Young Museum’, 2012 <http://www.azahner.com/portfolio/de-young>.x

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, pp. 14-21, p. 20.

, 1977).

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