Instituto Universitario Politécnico “Santiago Mariño” Extensión Porlamar
Subordinate Clause
Realizado Por: Jesus Velásquez CI: 24.106.482
Porlamar, agosto de 2016
Subordinate Clause In English grammar, a subordinate clause is a group of words that has both a subject and a verb but (unlike an independent clause) cannot stand alone as a sentence. Also known as a dependent clause. Contrast with main clause and coordinate clause. Characteristics In English, there are mainly three types of subordinate clauses: adjective clause, adverb clause and noun clause The Subordinate clauses have specific structural features that distinguish them from main clauses and serve a range of grammatical functions (adjective phrases, prepositional phrases). Example: Reason. - We can express the cause through the following links: Because because Because of = = for, because The difference between the two links is that the former is followed by a sentence (with subject and verb) and the second is followed by name. BECAUSE + CLAUSE We Moved to another city Because my father got a new job. BECAUSE OF + NOUN We Moved to another city Because of my father's new job. As / since = as, since. - As it is your birthday, I'll lend you my best clothes. Usually they go to the beginning of the sentence Other causal links: due to, because owe owing to =
b) Purpose.- With this type of prayer express the purpose, why someone does something. The translation of all links will always be 'for'. The links and their uses are: To + infinitive - I went to the university to talk to one of my teachers. In order to / - I went to the university in order to talk to one of my so as to teachers. (Formal more)
Note: 1. In negative sentences, is generally employed in order not to / so as not to (not only not to): - I hurried so as not to miss the bus. 2. This type of link is only used when the subject of the verb and the infinitive is the same.
So THAT + can (not) / will (will not) → to refer to the present or future + Would (not) / could (not) → to refer to the past Examples: - I'll buy a ball so we can play football That. = Buy a ball so we can play football. - Get a map with you so that you 'will not get lost. = Grab a map to not miss. - I bought a ball so That We Could play football = I bought a ball so we could play football. - We got a map with us so we would not get That lost = took a map to avoid getting lost.
For + noun / -ing form - A knife is used for cutting In case it means case In case + present → to refer to this + Past → to refer to the past Examples: - Will take an umbrella in case it rains. - We bought an extra ticket in case Martin wanted to join us. Note: Compare and in case if: - We will buy an extra ticket in case Martin wants to join us (we bought before then if Martin decides to come). - We will buy an extra ticket if Martin wants to join us (we hope that Martin will tell us who will come and then bought the entrance) c) Result.- We can express the result f through the following links: So = So - She was sick, so I could not take the test. - I failed my English exam and therefore I took As a result / = therefore again in September.
by the possible consequence f Como - I failed my English exam. So, I took it again in September.
mode / .... such that ........ That = tan SO + adjective / adverb + THAT The entrance to the concert was so expensive (that) we could not buy it. SUCH + (adjective) + NAME THAT It is such a big city (that) I always lose. Note: 1. In this second case, if the name is uncountable or plural, the indefinite article R is not put: It was so nice weather we decided to go to a picnic. 2. In both cases, it may be omitted. d) Time.- The most common Nexos that introduce this type of Prayers son the Following: - While walking down the street, I saw When / = WHEN like my ex-boyfriend. - I'll call when I know the answer While = WHILE (that) - While I was watching television, the phone rang. As soon as = tan - I'll phone as soon as I know the answer. As soon - as soon as the study ended, he left. - The train was gone before they got to the above = (that) the station before / after / After (that) - She went to the gym after she had made her homework. Up = up (that) - We were waiting until he came
e) contraste.- The links that introduce this type of concessive sentences are as follows., Although / even though / even though = In Spite of / despite DESPITE = The difference between the two is that the former links are followed by a sentence (with subject and verb) and the latter are followed by name or noun verb (in - ing).
, Although / EVEN THOUGH / THOUGH + CLAUSE
, Although I did not Have money, I have bought the Most Expensive car.
IN SPITE OF / DESPITE + Noun / -ING FORM In Spite of Having not money, I bought the Most Expensive car. DESPITE the rain, We went out for a walk.
Note: We can also use in Spite of the fact / DESPITE the fact (that) + clause or sentence = despite the fact that: In Spite of the fact That it was raining, We went out for a walk.
Whereas = while and while - He is lively and easygoing Whereas His sister is rather shy But = but However, NEVERTHELESS, yet = no - She Did not Want to have more children. However, however, still However, she change her mind Might .. anyway - Joshua felt ill, yet I Went to work. Note: Both however as NEVERTHELESS often go behind strong pause (point or semicolon) and followed by coma. Exercise Underline the subordinate clause in the following sentences. 1. As he was not there, I could not speak to him. 2. I waited for him until he came. 3. We eat so that we may live. 4. I don’t know whether he is innocent. 5. If you eat too much, you will fall ill. 6. I am sure that you are wrong.
7. The teacher said that honesty is the best policy. 8. Tell me where you have put my books. 9. The man who committed the theft last night has been caught. 10. It is difficult to understand why he distrusts his own children. Answers 1. As he was not there, I could not speak to him. 2. I waited for him until he came. 3. We eat so that we may live. 4. I don’t know whether he is innocent. 5. If you eat too much, you will fall ill. 6. I am sure that you are wrong. 7. The teacher said that honesty is the best policy. 8. Tell me where you have put my books. 9. The man who committed the theft last night has been caught. 10. It is difficult to understand why he distrusts his own children