[JIAN SHAN | PORTFOLIO] SELECTED WORKS 2008-2015
CONTENT 01 VISION42 ................................................................... 01 Design proposal for vision42design competition, NYC
02 WEAVING CITY ........................................................... 09 Urban design of Textile City zone in Xi'an, China
03 CLOUD STREET NETWORK ....................................... 17 Design proposal for Shenzhen "Super City" competition, China
04 MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY .......................................... 25 Study on choice and efficiency of pedestrian networks
05 OTHER WORKS .......................................................... 31 Graphic Design/Artworks
01 VISION42 Design proposal for vision42design competition, NYC
This international competition aims to rethink and redesign one of the most iconic streets in the world—42nd street in Midtown Manhattan. Remaking this dense live/work transportation corridor into a more livable space 24/7 will transform New York City at its core and become a model for major urban thoroughfares worldwide. The aim of this competition is to increase interest in and gain support for the vision42 initiative for a river-to-river auto-free light rail boulevard on 42nd Street. The design proposal is meant for remaking this important but noisy, traffic-clogged street into an enhanced, world-class pedestrian environment and public space that is served by a high-quality, low-floor, modern surface light rail tram. The design should utilize the potential of the boulevard to inspire New Yorkers to transform the street into a model for a 21st century live/work space and transportation corridor. This proposal takes the approach of behaviorist, to observe the pedestrian behavior first, then the needs of the people who use the space are analyzed. Accordingly, the space form is created based on the analysis.
Competition Individual
-1-
Date: 09/04/2014 10/01/2014
Advisor: Haoyan WEI
conceptual sketches
-2-
Central Park
42n
d St
reet
Queens Brooklyn
Manhattan Newark Jersey City
42nd street in NYC
Central Station
Times Square
Consulate General of PRC
42nd Street
Ford Foundation
Bryant Park
ve. way A
Broad
P. A. Bus Terminal
New York Public Library
Chrysler Building
East River
Hudson River
UN Headquarters
42nd street in Midtown, Manhattan, NYC
life scences on 42nd street -3-
After the field survey and observation, the behaviors happen in the 42nd street are organized chronologically, based on which the needs of the users of the space are analysed. The needs are organized according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, among them the focus needs that the design should address the most are selected. 00:00 20:00 16:00 12:00 08:00 04:00
BASIC behavior
INTER-INDIVIDUAL behavior
game
exhibition
perform
cultural event
commercial
play
shopping
talk
read
food & drinks
rest
exercise
walk
cycle
wait for traffic
00:00
PUBLIC behavior Maslow's hierarchy of needs
public communication
cognitive identiy
uniqueness
creative environment
Self-actualization spatial flexibility
spatial particularity
spatial diversity
privacy
Esteem vegetation
space texture
social activity
popularity
entertainment
communication
Belongingness separated pedestrian
healthy
security
Safety functional space
environment
crossibility
traffic
noise control
lighting
shade
seats
Physiological and Basic Needs
behavioral dynamics pedestrian flow spatial vitality
focus needs
-4-
spatial analysis
behavioral dynamics
pedestrian flow
spatial vitality
circulation analysis
mobile traffic
pedestrian routes
transit facilities The spatial and behavioral analysis of the street space demonstrates the detailed characteristics of the space, which are analysed in three different kinds of values. According to the feature attributes of the space, the pedestrian circulation is organized, which provides basis for the actual space form of the design. -5-
behavior observation
positions tracking
hotspots of behavior
outlining hotspots
height generation
multidimensional form
shelter strategy
behavior observation
behavioral hotspots
form generated from routes
greenery strategy
behavior observation
dynamics analysis
fixed or movable seats
seats strategy -6-
-7-
-8-
02 WEAVING CITY Urban design of Textile City zone in Xi'an, China
Textile City zone is located in the main developing axis of Xi'an. Because of the retruction of the second industry, how to deal with the land-replacement is the most important problem that should be focused on in this design. There have already been transformation happened. The vacant textile factory complex is rented at cheap prices, local artists jumped ar the opportunity for large and affordable work space, turning this huge induatrial infrastructure into spaces for new art industry. What kinds of programming should be applied to this space along with the art industry to make the industry sustainable in the long run is the key question to face. This design takes strategies to introduce new programs and make sure the different programs could cooperate. Besides, spatial strategies are also undertaken to make sure the programs are well connected and organized. Besides functions replacement, to which the answer is introducing more art relevant industries, there is still the problem of preservation and renovation of the industrial heritage to be concerned. The weaving of the newly-introduced industries and the preserved industrial urban context should be the answer.
Academic Individual
-9-
Date: 03/22/2012 04/27/2012
Advisor: Hao LI
module organization
- 10 -
textile city in Xi'an
Most of the present buildings on the site were built in the 1950's. There are also other kinds of industrial heritage like rails and pipelines. textile city in the Baqiao district Xi'an textile city is located in Xi'an, a historic city which is the capital city of Shaanxi Province of China. To the east of the textile city is Chanhe River with a long history. The site for this design locates in the north part of textile city, once was an important department of the textile city. With the development of the city, urban functional replacement of land is necessary. The design needs to meet the demands of urban development and makes overall long-term position and strategies, mid-term developing targets and detail design. Besides, the design also needs to keep the common
With the urban functional replacement, lots of the
memory and seek for a sense of identity.
abandoned indutrial buildings have been rented or sold to artists as art-studios and galleries. There urban context of the textile city - 11 -
are already context of art industry on the site.
transformation strategies After the field sur vey, the quality of the buildings on the site are carefully examined. Among all the present buildings on the site, more than half of them are in poor conditions,
buildings to be preserved
About 20% of them are still in respectively good conditions, which are also the feature buildings of the zone. These buildings could be preserved, and transformed for new use.
structure preserved to be renovated
There are still a portion of the buildings in medium conditions, but parts of the buildings or the structures should also be utilized for renovation. There are several strategies could be applied, to make the industrial heritage work better with new industries.
fto roo
pg
en ard
und
sing
&p
ro layg
ed
rais
ter thea
io stud
ou or h
ay
ew sag
pas - 12 -
r cou
d
tyar
s
ace
sm
r sp alle
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
main building gallery art-studios training center office theater
7. museum 8. park 9. cafe 10. restaurants 11. malls 12. parking lot
7
11
8 2
10
4
3
5
9
6 1
- 13 -
12
According to the existing texture of the site, there lies controling lines in several directions, along which the design
commercial
could be applied to. Based on the preserved buildings, the site could be devided into four sections, each featuring its unique urban function. All four sections are connected with open spaces and outdoor pathways. Those spaces and art industry
paths are the key elements to make all the functions on the site weaved into each other and all fused as one.
open space
space structure
stage - 1
stage - 2
stage - 3
stage - 4
The main building consists of 350 building modules of the same size, which guarantees the flexibility of the building, both in shape and in functions. New functions of art industry should be introduced into it eventually.
art studio food & beverage office
gallery retail factory
- 14 -
indoor courtyard
house of memory
modern art museum
main entrance
preserved ancient trees
malls
art studios
malls
industry-themed park
- 15 -
plaza of common memory
preserved rails
art training center
preserved columns
theater
gallery
- 16 -
03 CLOUD STREET NETWORK Design proposal for Shenzhen "Super City" competition, China
It is the rethinking of streets out of the common rules, which is the response to the diversity of contemporary social life. It is the attempt to transform virtual neiworks into real networks, with the assistance of cloud filled with large amounts of shared information. It is the redefintion of the concept of public space form, which would emancipate the concept of urban space from conservative viewpoints. With the creative imagination, the boundary of the public and private could be removed, the function of public space attributes could be changed, and personal space could also become "public". Facing the situation of rigid city construction, we are going to focus on building one new type of urban space which is different from all the traditional ones, providing a kind of environment with much more diversity and openess. This is the design proposal for the "super city" competition held in Shenzhen, 2014, which aims to create a model for future smart city, as a combination of virtual spaces and solid spaces.
Competition As Team leader
- 17 -
Teammates: Chao Chen, Lu Li, Qian Qin, Xiaotao Wang, Yu Zhang
Date: 03/23/2014 05/23/2014
Advisor: Haoyan WEI
Foshan
Dongguan
Guangzhou
According to the latest Shenzhen comprehensive master plan, Shenzhen Bay area will become the most
Jiangmen
important city area among Shenzhen-
Shenzhen
Hong Kong metropolitan region. It will become the drive to make Shenzhen
Zhongshan
one of the top golbal cities.
Hong Kong
Zhuhai
Macau
Informati
Information System
on storag e Calculation Input Process Information stream Output
Cloud Computing Ope
Sharing System Smart platform On-demand Integration Flexibility Cloud Center Convenie Effi nce cien cy etw nn
Ope
stem
y ed s grat Inte urce n-so
Cloud
Private Cloud
ork
Street Network
Mo
rest Public inte Meeting Communica ti o n G athering Public Space Exte n C s o i S System on olid nversation Roo stree Air l ftop ga t obby rden
Business Management
mic
yna
d re
ce
spa
Data p Flexi rotection Con bility ven ienc e d u clo n o i t a Inform Function Block Headquarters Executives Average workers Target population Market drive Private Space Citizen Comp Visitors Mu lex utiliz ation ltip le i ndu stri es
Substantial Space
- 18 -
Information would be integrated in the form of cloud, for multiple sharing, and being acuired as needed. While In the aspect of physical space, threedimensional public spaces promote exchanges and sharing in networks to the greatest extent, within which people could communicate in all the possible forms. Various activities occurs widely in the three-dimensional network of public space, without applying all the pressure only to the ground floor.
integration of space syntax 4th layer
3rd layer integration of Depthmap of the original street network
2nd layer
1st layer
enhanced integration of Depthmap of the new street network
basic block unit
interior traffic core
air lobby
low sky-walk
high sky-walk - 19 -
leisure waterfront park sports venue rooftop garden bicycle track PRT track shopping mall business center walking path sky walk ecological club international conference hotel cultural square business club art center cultural salon convention & exhibition
- 20 -
part
t
ing
men
c
Exhibitio n Trad e Ce nter Fol kC usto Cu mM ltu C r al use on Ac um fe t ivi re t yC nc e en C t er en te r
ss T rain
an
ia l
C
Arts & Media
Busi
n
Plantatio
Ser v
ice
r
Cate
cat uni
Co
mm
ring
ion
Ce
sS es
nte
ice
rks
Ecological
er v
Pa
e
em
12:30pm Coffee
Logistics
sin
11:30am Lunch
ness
Ec
Ou olo
tdo
gic
or
al
04:00pm Exercises
Ser vice
Mett
ing r
The
ate
Cl
07:00pm Meeting
oom
s
r
08:00pm Banquet
ub
Academ
Th
e
hang
Exc tural
Saleroom
Public Sports Fields
Bu
re P
ltu Cu
09:00pm Sightseeing
a laz
ity un m om C ive ne lity i at Zo ac re nce C sF erie ort Exp Sp ture ks Fea t Par n erfro Wat ay nzhen B y of She
ing Advertis ia Med t e n g Inter pin p o nt Sh e m ain t r te En
l
Com
Retail
e
Cul Galler y
ura
t
In
N nt
tm
s ve
u lt
OA
ult
ion
at oti
eg
r
SOH
ns
me
ine
Public Library
ss Hotels High-cla ice Ser v s Food r te r qua e ad ffic He nk y O tem r Ba s ust Sy Ind ce nd ffi Fu O al ctu le el Int
Bus
Co
09:00am Arrival
01:00pm Rest 12:00pm Lunch
02:30pm Work 02:30pm Snacks
12:30pm Lunch 11:00am Sightseeing Open spaces and broad views provide
10:30pm Curation 12:30pm Lunch 09:30am Meeting
a three-dimensional environment for
11:30am Meeting
internal office staff working in the area,
05:30pm Movie
which also attract external crowds to experience the city. Either workers or tourists, are enjoying life in a way more solid and multidimensional.
02:00pm Chat 09:00pm Metro
10:00am Shopping 10:00am Conference 07:30am Cycling
07:30pm Shopping
08:30am Metro 07:00pm Beverage - 21 -
04:00pm Exhibition
10:00am Arrival
pedestrian
cycling
PRT (personal rapid transit)
metro station exit bus stop public bicycle stop parking lot
public transit
Mix-transportation modes make each transportation more convenient and efficient to transit. The entire network covers underground, overground and some space of upper-levels. As a result, this intelligent system can provide fast transit conditions for different spaces and traffics at different altitudes.
private cars - 22 -
- 23 -
- 24 -
04 MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY Study on choice and efficiency of pedestrian networks
Today in China, there's a developing tendency of cities is to rebalance cities away from a dependence on cars by providing more diverse alternative traffic modes, to reduce the negative ecological effects. Prioritizing walkability is one of the most important approaches. There have already been multiple kinds of methods for quantitatively analyzing pedestrian network so far. However, whether we could measure and analyze the pedestrian network from a different perspective and in a different logic is the question this study attempts to answer. This study constructs a quantitative analysis model for the efficiency and choice of the pedestrian network morphology. This study takes the Daping area in Chongqing as the sampled object of study. After calculations of the sample pedestrian unit area with the model, a series of analysis are taken. As the results reflect, the complicated relations between efficiency and choice are not simply beneficial or contradictory, but highly relevant to the form of the pedestrian network itself. * This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 51278503].
Academic Individual
- 25 -
Date: 03/01/2015 07/01/2015
Advisor: Haoyan WEI
concept diagram
- 26 -
Introduction Today in China, developing cities are facing an enormous need to improve environmental conservation, ecological maintenance and social equity. One of the key methods to reduce the negative ecological effects of cities is to rebalance cities away from a dependence on cars by providing more diverse alternative traffic modes. As the most basic, most ancient and “greenest� mode of travel, walking should be prioritized by urban planners as the most appropriate choice of transportation. Prioritizing walkability also reflects the value of social equality and improves the health of the residents. However, under pressure from the environment, ecological conditions and the society, the current situation of the pedestrian Chongqing in China
network in China is deteriorating. During the previous three decades, the problems aggravating the situation of the pedestrian network are mainly reflected in the following two events happening in the cities: the original compact pedestrian network in the old urban area has been quickly destroyed during massive city development; the construction of the pedestrian network in the new districts has been severely neglected. In a word, the pedestrian network is severely fractured. There have already been multiple kinds of methods for quantitatively analyzing pedestrian network so far, such as space syntax, and several different calculation methods based on the GIS platform. Each of the methods has its own areas of competency, which provided this study with great insights and references. However, whether we could measure and analyze the pedestrian network from a different perspective and in a different logic is the question this study attempts to answer.
Daping-Dashilu in Chongqing
Chongqing is the most famous and most representative mountainous city in China, with a rolling horizon of hills and peaks where the Yangtze River and Jialing River meet, reflecting the typical natural morphological characteristics of a mountainous landscape city. The undulating terrain of the city accounts for the advanced development of the original pedestrian network, especially in the Yuzhong District. The streets are mostly parallel to the contour lines, while the walking paths are mostly perpendicular to the contour lines or level with them. However, during the past three decades, the original pedestrian network has undergone tremendous damage. This study takes the Daping-Dashilu area in Yuzhong District as the sampled object of study, which is located in the Daping commercial zone of Yuzhong District, Chongqing, the area of which is approximately 2.05km2. Through observation, it is clear that in the Daping pedestrian unit area, arterial roads have the highest level of connectivity and coherence. Following them are collector roads. Branches roads have the connectivity with a high degree of fragmentation. The pedestrian
sample pedestrian unit area
network is divided into isolated sections between arterial and collector roads. - 27 -
Methodology Efficiency – Choice analysis From the perspective of network morphology, there are 3 crucial factors that influence pedestrian behavior the most: walking distance, form of the path and intersections. This study constructs a quantitative analysis model for the efficiency and choice of the pedestrian network morphology, which will be referred to as “EC model” in the following content. Network formed by one straight line connecting the origin and the destination has the highest efficiency. The individual pedestrian behavior in the public space network could be represented as the choices of directions made on the several intersections along the walking route. In this way, the walking route could be represented as a walking path that consists of a series of intersections and the paths between these intersection, then the efficiency of the network can be represented in the form of the network itself, usually measured by time and the distance of the route. The walking route is separated at intersections, which means there would be variety of alternative routes from each origin to each destination when there is enough amount of intersections. The specified duty of intersections should be to provide choices. “Multiple choices” has always been one of the fundamental aspects of the fascination of urban life, and the intersections are the “choice device” for the pedestrians walking in the network. Pedestrian efficiency is inflected in time through distance.
ld l l d represents the geodetic distance from the origin to the destination, l stands for the route e=
distance, 0<e <1.
The average efficiency of the pedestrian behavior from one point as the origin to any other points as the destinations should be calculated though the formula as following:
∑ n-1e n-1 e represents the linear efficiency, n represents the amount of the intersections. E=
efficiency of walking behavior
In this study, the efficiency value measured is the average efficiency from each origin in the radius of 400m and 800m, respectively represented with E 400 and E 800 ; and the overall
average efficiency, represented with E .
The choice value of each intersection equals the sum of all the choices of directions: n C =∑ i=3 x ii(i-1)
x i represents the amount of each kind of intersections in the studied area, i represents the amount of streets connected to each kind of intersections.
In this study, the choice value measured is the choice of each origin in the radius of 400m
choice of intersection
and 800m, respectively represented with C 400 and C 800 . - 28 -
Results On the GIS platform, the efficiency, choice and average distance between each point and all the other points among the 237 intersections in the sampled area are calculated and visualized in order to aid with further analysis of the network morphology. Based on the data acquired through investigations, the distribution of efficiency and choice, and the interaction between efficiency and choice are analyzed. Furthermore, the relations between the attributes of the network and actual urban life are also taken into consideration. Morphological attributes of the pedestrian network
400m efficiency
400m choice
800m choice
400m efficiency
800m efficiency
average distance
summed efficiency
max.
324
870
1
0.995
2001.378
0.885
average
167.519
496.987
0.830
0.779
1159.050
0.767
min.
24
66
0.630
0.600
848.443
0.617
Correlation analysis between morphological attributes of the pedestrian network
800m efficiency
400m choice 800m choice 400m efficiency 800m efficiency average distance summed efficiency
400m choice
800m choice
400m efficiency
800m efficiency
average distance
summed efficiency
1
-
-
-
-
-
0.721**
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
- 0.427** - 0.390** 0.021
- 0.157
0.591**
1
-
-
0.401**
0.169*
0.182*
0.737**
1
-
- 0.672**
-0.920**
0.382**
0.257**
- 0.036
1
**significance test value is below 0.01; *significance test value is below 0.05. Correlation analysis between morphological attributes and other relevant features
pedestrian flow rate urban functions commercial scale overall efficiency
400m choice
800m choice
400m efficiency
800m efficiency
average distance
summed efficiency
0.479
0.338
- 0.056
0.226
0.245
- 0.349
- 0.008
- 0.080
0.290
0.366
0.338
0.212
- 0.054
0.213
0.345
0.262
0.135
- 0.100
**significance test value is below 0.01; *significance test value is below 0.05. - 29 -
Conclusion Feasibility Based on this investigation and analysis, the EC model is feasible and effective for analyzing the morphological regulations of pedestrian networks. If integrated with other analytical and calculation methods such as space syntax, accessibility and connectivity of pedestrian networks, and choice of walking routes, regular patterns and characteristics of pedestrian networks may be further discovered and better comprehended. Complicated relationship between the efficiency and choice As the Daping pedestrian network reflects, the complicated relations between efficiency and choice are not simply mutually beneficial or contradictory, but complex and vague, which is 400m choice
highly relevant to the form of the pedestrian network itself. Based on this study, the efficiency of the network is significantly affected by the line shape of the paths and the intersections. Efficiency is increased when the line shapes are straighter and there are fewer intersections (which bears on the settings of the calculationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the calculation method does not take the distribution of the intersections into account), reflecting that efficiency tends to increase where there is better connectivity and continuity. Choice is highly relevant to the distance between intersections, their density, and their forms. Choice is improved when the distances between intersections are shorter, the intersections have more branches, and the area has a greater density of intersections. In conclusion, the pedestrian network should develop its own morphological design according to pedestrian behavioral characteristics, rather than completely following the network for mobile transportation. Certain measures should be taken such as, not avoiding intersections with more branches,
800m choice
creating streets or paths for pedestrians only; developing more streets with higher density and narrower width; partially opening gated communities to pedestrian activity; and better connecting cul-de-sacs to the pedestrian network through pedestrian-only paths. Further studies and empirical cases on the correlation between the efficiency and the choice of the pedestrian network are needed in order to analyze the balance of the two attributes under different circumstances for pedestrians. Analysis combined with other attributes Further studies should take into account the interactions between the form of street network and other attributes, such as pedestrian flows, urban functions, land use, commercial scale, quality of pedestrian environment, and distribution of the leisure facilities. The mutual influences of the pedestrian network and other factors in the complicated mega-system of city should also be further researched.
- 30 -
05 OTHER WORKS Graphic Design/Artworks
- 31 -
Visual Identity for TEDxChongqing 2015 Theme: Rock - Paper - Scissors
rock
paper
competitive strategy
result prediction
subverted cognition
attribute analogy
- 32 -
scissors
Event promo for TEDxYouth@Chongqing 2015 Theme: Back & Forth
- 33 -
- 34 -
- 35 -
Acknowledgement The completion of the portfolio owe to my instructors, Prof. Wei Haoyan and Prof. Li Hao, for their valuable criticism on my works and great support. I sincerely appreciate to my mentor: Prof. Wei Haoyan, his tenacity and wisdom to the city and design guide me unceasing progress and self-improvement. Besides, I also want to express many thanks to all those companions and friends who have been working and studying together with me, and all those friends who share profound knowledge and penetrating insight with me in different stages of my life, especially Anthony Circharo, Chen Chao, Li Lu, Lu Jianglin, Qin Qian, Wang Feidi, Xu Shuya, Zhang Bijie, Zhang Bo and Zhao Qidong. You share the happiness, shoulder the pain, give the strength and show me the direction. Lastly, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my parents, for their unconditional patience and understanding.