wet narrative
academic portfolio by Jessie Wang
Nuuk, Greenland, 23rd November 2020, by Nattaphon Kakatoom
wet narrative a critical study of future liquid city discourse through the lens of flooding
Intro This is the portfolio of my landscape research of the final year of master. The journey of the research starts from the attention and observation of the daily change surrounding me and us. Climate change is an eye-catching and crucial topic in our live and our landscape architecture subject. It is very important for us to get good and broader knowledge to the change and the specific issue. And then seeking for a way leading the world and our planet out. The first chapter is an introduction of the art works that inspired me to pay more attention and think deep about our planet, the environment surrounding me. Then the next chapter is the start of my study about the climate change, the impact of the change, and what is the cause of the change. At chapter three, through the lenses of flooding, a wet and flooded future are deeply think and researched. Chapter four and five , two most important concepts through my learning and influence my thinking about the subject and my design were introduced and narrative, naturalize and adaption. At the final chapter, it is my design of the final year, living with the water, be deeply influenced and inspired by the study I’ve done through this year.
Contents
Intro Chapter1. Art Work Inspiration Chapter2. Urgent Moment Chapter3. What Does the River Hold Chapter4. Naturalize Chapter5. Adaption Chapter6. Living with the Water Resource Reference
Chapter1. Art Work Inspiration As a reminder and trigger of the attention to climate change
Climate change and global warming caused by human-induced degradation to our planet continue to be a persistent problem faced on a global level. With rising sea levels and increasing temperatures across our planet, various artists have used their artistic practice as a tool to interrogate wider socio-political concerns caused by the negative impact humans have on the physical environment. In this chapter, masterpiece and extraordinary art works inspired me to rethink deeply about climate, natural world, and the relation between human society and nature will be introduced. Three artists / projects shed light on the impact of climate change and vulnerable landscape with their unique art form are included here Zaria Forman, Dear Climate Project and Olafur Eliasson. They have majorly used their artistry as a platform to voice as well as spotlight pertinent issues that we as human race need to seriously acknowledge. Such Climate-conscious works enable me to think more critically about the impact humans are having on the environment and how we as landscape architecture need to act in a socially responsible manner in order to conserve and protect our planet.
‘Arctic Ocean (Northwest off the coast of Ellesmere Island, CAN), 83° 19’ 44.976”N, 79° 18’ 22.957”W, July 17th, 2017”
‘Arctic Ocean”, Zaria Forman 2018 ‘Arctic Ocean” is a pastel drawing on paper that depicts an aerial view of summer sea ice off the Northwest coast of Ellesmere Island, Canada. Ice Bridge data collected provides crucial information on how our polar regions are responding to climate change. Precise detail in this drawing bring me to a distant place, which showed vulnerable landscapes and inspire me to help protect and preserve them.
Wilhelmine Bay, Antarctica Many of us are intellectually aware that climate change is our greatest global challenge, and yet the problem some kind feel abstract. The drawing Wilhemine did made the challenge visceral to viewers, emulating the overpowering experience of being beside a glacier. Wilhelmine Bay, Antarctica Zaria Forman 2018 40 x 64 inches, soft paster on paper
The Dear Climate project — as their name implies — cultivite a sense of affection for the climate, meanwhile let viewers to recognize the ancient and complex relationship between human culture and climate. These art works let me deeply realise we human being are one species among mang that share this planet.
1. 2.
DEAR CLIMATE founded in 2012 is an ongoing creative-research project that hacks the aesthietics of instructional signage and the techniques of meditation to ad viiewers towards a better informed, more realistic, and more affectionate relationship to the more-than-huuman world.
Dear Climate 1. Under Water? Float 2. Power to the Poorous 3. Remember the Albedo
3.
ICE WATCH Olafur Eliasson
Spread from Ice watch Paris neswpapper published by Studio Olafur Eliasson 2014
Ice watch, 2014 Photo: Group Greenland Anders Sune Berg Charlie Foegham-Bailey Site: City Hall Square, Copenhagen, 2014 Place du Panthéon, Paris, 2015 Bankside, outside Tate Modern, London, 2018
Icelandic artist Olafur Eliasson creates completely immersive installations to make viewers re-comment with natural environment. Eliasson’s works cleverly entwins his artistic practice with deeply socio-environmental conscious undertones. Ice Watch (2014), serves as a metaphor for the interdependence between humans and nature - a concept that Eliasson permeates throughout much of his other projects.
Ice watch, 2014 Photo: Charlie Foegham-Bailey Site: Bankside, outside Tate Modern, London, 2018
Eliasson in documentary “Abstract” mentioned and addressed the steering impact of climate change and the need for urgent action. Here in this work, Eliasson transported 30 large blocks of glacial ice from Greenland to London where he displayed them in the front courtyard of the Tate Modern, London. The work calls visitors to touch, hug, and physically interact with the work before it melts and disappears. Through his stark use off visual juxtaposition, Eliasson’s placement of natural elements within a highly urban environment forces one to become aware of the damaging reality of global warming, particularly the ecological changes that are happening around the word.
Chapter 2. Urgent Moment
Photo: NASA/USGS
About global sea level rise, are we ready to face the fact?
US heartland has been flooded for five months.
Does anyone care? Dating back to late February 2019, about half a million acres of land in the rural Yazoo backwater area in Mississippi of lower Mississippi is underwater, a devastating below for a poor region where agriculture is the economy’s lifeblood. During this time the Mississippi River’s height has swollen to 56.3 feet - a record high. Vicksburg has seen the worst of the floods with the Mississippi River’s height swelling to 56.3 feet at its highest point, eclipsing the record set in 1927. The Yazoo River is a relatively thin tributary of the Mississippi River but their connection has led to the flooding of broader area.
Yazoo flooding, 2019 Photo: Rory Doyle/ The Guardian
Source from: Dailymail
The image above of water flooding fields looks like modern art. But the fact was fields of crops, house was submerged, meanwhile wildlife and local ecology was damaged.
Photo: NASA/USGS Estuaries invite sea level rise inland. Here Western Canada’s Mackenzie River plays a major role in Arctic climate as warmer fresh water mixes with cold seawater.
Human influence on the Earth’s climate has become unequivocal, increasingly apparent and widespread. Current changes in the climate system and those expected in the future will increasingly have significant and deleterious impacts on human and natural systems. Multiple, concurrent, changes in the physical climate system have grown more salient, including increasing global temperatures, loss of ice volume, rising sea levels and changes in global precipitation patterns (Nerem,R.S.et al., 2018). The changes in the physical climate system, most notably more intensive extreme events, have adversely affected natural and human systems around the world. Global mean sea level (GMSL) rise is a direct effect of climate change. It is widely recognized that climate-included sea-level rise is raising water levels around the world’s coasts (Oppenheimer, M. et al., 2019)(Church, J. A. et al., 2013), and that this will lead to an increase in flood risk and other impacts unless there is corresponding adaptation (Wong, P. P. et al., 2014). As the hydrological cycle changes and populations are exposed to more extreme water events, water management is becoming increasingly difficult (Wake, B., 2022). According to scientists’ work, by 2050, we should plan for up to a foot of sea-level rise on the Pacific Coast. “, flood frequency is also going to increase exponentially with sea-level-rise, …” says Barnard. Sea levels will continue to rise due to the ocean’s sustained response to the warming which has already happened (Fox-Kemper et al., 2021 ). According to the new science, by 2050 damaging flooding will occur more than ten times more often than it does today, or about four times a year as compared to once every three years currently. A good fact is that since AR5 a growing share of people around the world perceive a changing climate, regard these changes as significant, and consider climate action as a matter of high urgency (Wilson and Orlove, 2019) Notably after mid02018, global media showed a large increase number of mentions of “global warming”, “climate change” and similar terms.(Thackeray et al., 2020) In this chapter the focus point is the rapid and significant changes in our climate and our world, getting good understand of the fact, and grow attentiveness to those changes.
Physical Factors Directly Contributing to Coastal Flood Exposure Souce from: 2022 Sea Level Rise Technical Report Schematic (not to scale) showing physical factors affecting coastal flood exposure. Due to the clear and strong relative sea level rise signal (i.e., combination of sea level rise and sinking lands), the probability of flooding and impacts are increasing.
Sea level Rise
Sea Level Rise Mapping Map created by: Richard Weller, Claire Hoch, and Chieh Huang This map shows the land which would be flooded if the ice caps melt in entirety, in which case the sea level would rise by 80.32 meters(R. Z Poore, R. S., 2014). Sea level is now 120 meters higher than it was 20,000 years ago; a world of more ice and land bridges unrecognizable to us now. inversely, in warmer periods the ocean have been anywhere between 6 to 30 meters higher than where they are currently. Under the scenario as showed in above mapping, vast new coastlines and inland seas will be created and 50 of the world’s major cities would become architectural reefs. Even if the sea level rises only 0,74 meters by 2100 as is conservatively predicted some 115 million people will likely be displaced and 420,000km2 of land will be lost to the encroaching seas.
Chapter 3. What does the river hold?
Photo: Rachman Reilli
Rethinking about future liquid city through the lenses of flooding.
Photo: Adrienne Livesey, Elaine Ryder, and Irene Brien In 1931, water overwhelmed the banks of the Yangtze River, resulting in the Central China flood, one of the worst flooding events in recorded history. Resulting in killing as many as several million people with the devastated aftermath deadly waterborne diseases like dysentery and cholera spread quickly.
Why dose it matter? In the climate ever changing contemporary context, the understand of the blurred and shifting boundary between wet and dry, river and bank, ocean and shore is essential for future landscape architecture design, and architecture, urban design and planning and related subjects. Driven by climate change, global mean sea level rose 11-16cm in the twentieth century(Hay, C. C. er al., 2015). A 10cmrise sea level generally increases the frequency of flooding with a given height by a factor of about three. The concurrence of see level rise and heavy precipitation resulting in large run-off volumes may insult in compound flooding in the low-lying area. It goes without saying that water is the stuff of life, we are feed by water and made of water. Water is always an existential theme, before water is somewhere, as landscape architect Anuradha Mathur and architecture/planner Dilip da Cunha argue, it is everywhere. The focus on flooding is not a coincidence, cause floods are most common natural hazard in many regions of the world(Ahern et al., 2005) and one of the most threatening disasters worldwide with an obvious increasing number of people and ecosystem exposed to flooding. [Some flooding events: Flood in China in 1959 and Bangladesh in 1974 and tsunami in Southeast Asian December 2004] Averaged over 2001 to 2010, floods and other hydrological events accounted for over 50% of the extreme risks(Guha-Sapir, et al., 2011). So it is an essential and urgent discourse to find way out from the damage of flooding to human community as well as the ecosystem and habitats. In this research (. What I researched concept and theme, and past practices), and in the personal practice as a landscape architecture, a method of dynamic adaptation concept is proposed and try to find the way to live with unavoidable trouble for the future world.
How many types of flooding and what’s the difference? General definition of flood is significant water level rise in a stream, lake, reservoir, or coastal region(Sikorska, A. E.2011). Classification of flood events into flood type and understand their frequency is important for respond to flooding and decrease the risks. The effect of
flooding is varied recording to the specific flood behaviour, in other word the typology of flood. Flooding is an complicated natural phenomenon, generously it can be included into three main types, river floods, flash floods and surface water, and coastal flood. What the trigger of the flooding events? Human being in a long time modifies and intervene the geography of water. The Roman built aqueducts, the Dutch reclaimed land from the sea, and the British created canals. Their movement was including flood defences, reservoirs and irrigation systems, such major interventions deepen their landscape concept and brought visual impact, however, the modification of water have brought a series of by-product of other landscape. Earthmoving, forest clearance, urbanization, and agricultural practices relocation and flow of water. In all those consequences, flooding is the most immediate impact.
Source from: The Economic Times Flood submerged 90% of Kaziranga national park, 2012, animals are scrambling for a patch of dry ground.
Photo: Dan Resendes A salmon got lost and ended up swimming along the roadway before running out of water.
Is flooding always harmful? River has been an important part of human society in long history: they provide food, freshwater, fertile land for growing crops, and feed broader species. While water is essential to life, it can be extremely harmful too. When flooding happened, the effects can be catastrophic. Its impact in upland areas may be on the landscape, changing the nature of upland catchment, but in lowlands it ruins lives, human and non-human. Understanding the effects of disturbances on aquatic biosystem is one of the important aspects for future river system management(William J et al., 2019). Flooding impact on human are always talked about by us, but flooding events have a huge impact on the natural world and wildlife either. Most important negative influence on wildlife is causing drowning, disease prolif-eration, and habitat destruction. In 2012, 793 animals, including many vulnerable one-horned rhino died in due to heavy floods that swamped Kaziranga national Park in the Indian state of Assam. Unpredictable floods can be harmful to aquatic life as well. Here I took Atlantic salmon as the main target to explain the great impact by flood and climate change. From research on the catastrophic flood impact on Atlantic salmon in second-river streams of Sainte-Marguerite River, Quebec(Zhongyan Weng et al, 2001). In the summer of 1996, a massive flood event caused the displacement of the stream sediments and then severe the reduction of the aquatic biosystem. In the recovery phase after the flood, it showed that nutrient-enriched sections recovered obviously faster than non-enriched sections. The research result provides the support of the view of nutrient-rich systems are more resilient to massive disturbance. Therefore, enrich the aquatic and waterfront biosystem is an excellent method to resilient and adapt to the flood. Flood plays important roles in connecting rivers with floodplains and providing nutrients to aquatic-terrestrial transition zones(Junk et al. 1989; Ward & Stanford 1995; Tockner et al. 2000). The connectivity of river and floodplain is extreme essential in impounded rivers, where deltas formed cause of the imbalanced sediments. Deltas in any
forms are one of the most productive and ecologically rich ecosystems in the world(Long & Pavelsky 2013). So get good understand of how is the ecological impact of flood on fish communities and aquatic habitats, and further impact on human community is essential the flood management. The research of flooding effects on fishes and aquatic habitats in a Missouri River delta(William J. Radigan et al., 2019) showed how flood is an essential phenomenon in landscape process. Based on the historic flood event in the Missouri River on 2011, the impact on fishes and aquatic habitats was well examined, illustrated the ecological effects and implications of flood events. In the result of the research, it shows an overall increasing richness across most of the fish species. And flood have decreased the width of side channel, but increased the richness of sediments. This research served great support for the beneficial and the importance of flood to the ecosystem, especially the aquatic ecological system.
“Most salmon prefer to spawn in stretches of river with intact floodplains, which is because these features of the landscape help protect salmon eggs from flood events,” says Sloat, “recent research shows that maintaining or reconnecting rivers and their floodplains may be critical for increasing the resilience of salmon in the face of a changing climate.”
How to survive in a flooded future? Research published by Global Change Biology did the research and examines about the climate pattern change in southeast Alaska and the effects on flooding and habitat in salmon watersheds. This is very helpful research for the project I was doing for the last year. Firstly, the climate pattern change talked about in this research is a good reference and can be related in so many different areas. Then, the value of salmon and the industry is as important as in Alaska as in Scotland. Through the research, salmon spawn in stream in the fall and eggs will up growth through the winter, so increased winter flooding could potentially wash away their eggs from the streamed and impact the amount of fish was proposed. They found that around 16% of the spawning habitat for salmon might be disappear by the 2080s. and the losses were predicted to happen in narrow, steep streams, to a lesser extent, in low gradient floodplain. This is a start for me to consider the project site and keep going the test and simulation further. The relation between floodplains, climate change, and salmon habitat are applicable in other regions The research result is very important and can be an meaningful support evidence for me to decide the key part of my research back to the site.
Matthew Sloat, Director of Science at Wild Salmon Center.
MISSISSIPPI FLOODS “We live in the time of wetness, wetness that is everywhere before it is water somewhere. ... We believe that ubiquitous wetness in place of the land-water binary holds the way forward” by Mathur/ Da Cunha
The visual representation done by Mathur and Da Cunha played an important role in turning the Lower Mississippi into a ‘landscape of flood’. Four key parts were included in the project, each of them were full of conflicts, and all of them consists a full research system. Their work gave me good inspiration of the way hoe to do my own project. Left: Four terrains as key parts in the projects, which were called Site1,2,3,and 4. Right: Visual representation work process Source from: https://www.mathurdacunha.com/
Salmon Run and Flooding Influence
Source from: Living with the water project by Jessie Wang Three key parts was included in the research, confluence, main channel, and upstream tributary, with most important value to salmon life and surrounding society. in the research, influence of sea flooding and river flooding were both simulated , meanwhile the site in salmon life cycle at different stage are researched and illustrated.
Research site location
Source from: Living with the water project by Jessie Wang
Salmon Life Cycle and Climate Change Research Source from: Living with the water project by Jessie Wang
Past
1950s
Current
Salmon Habitats Process
Source from: Living with the water project by Jessie Wang
Map of the Acient courses of the Mississippi River meander belt Drawing: Haroldd N. Fisk
Chapter 3. Naturalize
Release conflict landscape into some natural state.
Map of the flood of 1927, from D.O. Elliott, The Improvement of the Lower Mississippi River for Flood Control and Navigation, 1932
LANDSCAPE NEW IMAGININGS Great inspiration from Mississippi floods: designing a shifting Landscape by Mathur/ da Cunha Flood events on Mississippi had a long history, in recent century in 1993, 1995, 1998, and 2005, which brought countless losses. Mark Twain began writing Life on the Mississippi in 1879, and commented the flood control behavior by Congress: “Ten thousand River Commissions, with the mines of the world at their back cannot tame that lawless stream, cannot curb it or confine it, cannot say to it, ‘Go here,’ or ‘Go there,’ and make it obey; but a discreet man will not put these things into spoken words; for the West Point engineers have not their superiors anywhere; they know all that can be known of their abstruse science; and so since they conceive that they can fetter and handcuff that river and boss him, it is but wisdom for the unscientific man to keep still, lie low, and wait till they do it.”
In the past practice, many efforts had been done to prevent floods. Those practices were similar to other places, for example similar to the efforts to prevent flood and tide influence in Scotland, flood wall and embankments were constructed to confine water to river channels, preventing it spilling out in towns and cities. Then in rural areas setting embankments allowing water to flow out into the floodplain which can creates extra capacity to hold water and protect downstream communities from flooding. All these efforts in some degree become a barrier of the bloom of the city from the local identity, economy, and biodiversity. Th conversion of natural habitat to other land uses means less resilience of the landscape. Instead, water flows overland, quickly collecting in rivers and then overwhelming flood defenses that can no longer cope. The conflict landscape resulted is a major result of the traditional landscape and urban develop method. Importantly today, valuing ecological role in city is itself the subject of much dispute. Even after Hurricane Katerina, some continue to believe that the Mississippi can be harnessed and controlled. However, a more reliable and promising view is let it be released into some natural state. This view earned more and more supporters and has already begun to take into practice. As mentioned in last chapter this project began
from Basin Model and four key parts with conflict landscape; meanders, which is through the engineered cutoffs of the Greenville bends; flows, which was at Simmesport, Louisiana; banks, where in the early eighteenth century and steadily extended to define a river corridor and the lower Mississippi, beds, which is one hundred miles below New Orleans. Four parts consists of a consistently narrative of landscape work framework, described the lower basin of the Mississippi River as a dynamic field of ongoing negotiation between immense hydrological forces and provisional forms of cultural arrangement. In the project, two authors instead propose a much less obvious, much more difficult question of how a conflict landscape and ever-shifting field with hydrological forces and settlement patterns might best be drawn. The whole research provides meaningful information about the new era landscape view: Naturalize. More specifically, the fieldwork is a wide range of representational evidence, including drawing, photographs, silk-screen prints, which is a huge glossary and inspiration to landscape architecture profession about how the landscape can be mapped, photographed and represented, in other word, how it can be measured. They present a historical and cultural context that reveals how the Mississippi inhabits the people whose livelihoods, and lives are bound up with the river, and describe two opposing ways of representing floods: as a natural disaster that ought to be controlled by engineering interventions, or a cultural disaster that necessitates the withdrawal of human settlements. And they suggest that rather than searching for solutions to flooding, we might question the frameworks that shape our thinking about floods in the first place. As their word “it is not about money, life, economy or economy, but the openness of imagination necessary to inhabiting an enigmatic landscape.” In their research, Mathur and da Cunha reject the oppositional logic behind calls for more river control and counter-demands that settlement be withdrawn from the flood plains. Instead, they turn the public attention toward the Lower Mississippi’s boundless working landscape. They attempt to contain the magnificent work of infrastructure on the river and proposed the river demands “new
imaginings”. I personally get great encouragement to draw different maps both physically and, in my mind, and elongate the process off understanding the river and natural process. We live in the moment at when flooding and should be treated as natural process. It is very meaningful and powerful to look at nature, at the process. About how to put naturalize solutions into practice: As landscape designer digging deep of the local characteristics and then use landscape method to resolve realistic conflict and enhance aesthetic sense of beauty is what we are doing. What I am talking about in this chapter- naturalize, is the concept I want to realize in my personal design. And a key part in it is a concept in the subject we always talk about- landscape ecology. Any design that seeks to comply with ecological processes and reduce the impact on the environment to the minimum can be called ecological design. A famous “4R” principles that “Reduce, Reuse, Recycling and Renewable” is the original guidance for me to think about how to take the ambitious into practice. In the project landscape Ecology: Istanbul, three big city cross sections was created to analyse and represent a city’s ecological systems’ shift through time. How the ecological paradigms of the city change and the relationship to human systems have on the ecosystems that surround mega cities was deeply and vividly illustrated.
Mississippi floods: designing a shifting landscape Meanders by Mathur / da Cunha
Mississippi floods: designing a shifting landscape Banks by Mathur / da Cunha
After deep research and study the Mississippi floods project mentioned above, I start to think about variety way to research the river background, from more aspects and more rich visual illustrations. I start from the learning of history process and what happened to the river, ex war, industry, manmade construction, urban development, and ecosystem in and surrounding the river.
Source from: Dear Green Glasgow Drawing: Jessie Wang
Source from: Dear Green Glasgow Drawing: Jessie Wang
Source from: Dear Green Glasgow Drawing: Jessie Wang
Source from: Dear Green Glasgow Drawing: Jessie Wang
River Clyde Context Mapping Source from: Dear Green Glasgow Drawing: Jessie Wang
Dead Trees, Toxic Waste Containment Site, Mississippi River, Dow Chemical Corporation plaquemine, Louisiana, 1998 Photo: Richard MIsrach
Chapter 5. Adaptation Room for the river & home for human and non-human
ROOM FOR THE RIVER About the concept “Adaptation” AR6 highlights adaptation solutions and the extent to which they are successful and adequate at reducing climate risk, increasing resilience and pursuing other climate-related societal goals. For adaptation, a solution is defined as an option which is effective, feasible and conforms to principles of justice. A successful action is one observed to be effective, feasible and desirable in a particular context.
Source from: Petrochemical America
In holland, there is an initiative called ”Room for the River”, where settlement patterns are being readjusted so that the wetlands can be replenished and low-lying areas can temporarily accommodate inundation. The concept room for the river is giving more space to the river in order to increase the velocity of the flow to reduce the water level of excess flows and time of exposition to large floods. This is start consisted by vertical flood defences and horizontal expansion, which is a resilient approach to accept flooding, seeking to exploit the advantages of flooding and mitigate the disadvantages. It is a broad concept, applicable and adjustable to many different circumstances(Warner et al,2013). It is related to river restoration or rehabilitation, sustainable river management, river flood management and river widening. “Working with the nature” is the main strategy of “Room for the river”, taking use of natural dynamics such as wind, water, sediment and vegetation, which may lead to a positive effect on nature. Woking-with-nature as a solution is more adaptable in anticipating to (uncertain) changing, natural or socio-economic conditions. As a landscape architecture, we got knowledge about many different subjects, and the main character is to synthesize disparate factors into a cohesive set of system and into the place.
Chapter 6. Living With The Water
Design Framework Source from: Living with water project by Jessie Wang
Design Statement River Clyde has a long history of flood events and salmon fishing. Over the years, to defending the impact from flooding people placed a huge number of barriers against floods. These infrastructures keep playing their roles well, however, created bottlenecks throughout the watershed and caused many issues for fish and the social community. Furthermore, those manmade intervene to the river channel triggered bank erosion and habitats simplified, bring a series bad influence to ecological environment, bringing impacts on the salmon life cycle will gradually leading to loss of upstream biodiversity and fish population decrease. Instead of the traditional prevention-led approaches in flooding management, this experimental project attempts to seek a way of living with potential flooding habitat conversation. Cause flood is a natural process and other than those negative influence on society, it plays an important role in ecology and landscape process, such as in this project, the promotion of the salmon life cycle. I hope to intervene the environment of main channel of river, confluences and tributaries through three phases of the salmon run route: spawning, migration and rearing, to establish “habitat connectivity” for salmon, to reconnects more historic habitat, reduces chronic flooding, improves the resilience of the area while recreating opportunities and stimulates the local economy.
Three main experiment site is the confluence of river Leven and river Clyde, the interchange of salty water and fresh water, lower stream of interconnection of river Clyde and river Cart, the third on is river kelvin. Important and typical places in the salmon life cycle so select these three sites as the main area for this project. Flood plains is benefit for salmon spawning and their growth, in the form of seasonal wetlands, temporary tributaries, off-river ponds, depressions, spillways and seasonal estuarine basins. And flood plains can also store floods in wetlands to control flooding in certain areas. In a long time, salmon plays an important role in the local culture and economy, bring them back to home is benefit to the broader eco, culture and economy development.
Site1 Perspective Source from: Living with water project by Jessie Wang
Site2 Perspective Source from: Living with water project by Jessie Wang
Site3 Perspective Source from: Living with water project by Jessie Wang
Resources Books
Films Seaspiracy Seaspiracy is a documentary film about the environment impact of fishing. The film examines various human impacts on marine life and advocates for ending fish consumption. The film explores various environmental issues affecting oceans, including plastic pollution, ghost nets andd overrshing, and argues that commercial fisheries are the main driver of marian ecosystem destruction. The film rejects the concept of sustainable fishing anf criticises several marine conservation organisations, and also criticises efforts by organisations to reduce household plastics, contrasting their impact with that of ghost nets. It accuses these initiatives of being a cover-up for the environmental impact of fishing and corruption in the fishing industry.
Meta Incognita: Missive II Meta Incognita: Missive II is the second in a triptych of films that utilise ditterent historiies, geographies and folklores along and within thee River Thams. Linking places as far flung as the Canadian Northwest Passage and a cellularprison in the Andaman Islands, the Missives form a narrative recited by the female captain of a ship returning to the Thames from the Canadian Artic, smuggling the last remmants of an unspecified natural resource.
Beasts of the Southern Wild Filmed in Louisiana's Terribone Parish , this drama is set in 'the Bathtub', an island on the Louisiana Bayou inspired by isolated fishing villages threatened by hurricanes rising sea levels. Hushhpuppy lives with her father. On the other side of the levee, they can see how the 'other-half' live; in hulking, mordern cities without beauty or life, but their own home is in danger. The storm damaging their environment by contaminating the freshwater supply because of the surge in salwater by the storm. And they must work together as a community to find a plan to drain the water away.
Director: Ali Tabrizi Release date: 2021 Available on: Netflix
Director: Alia Sayed Release date: 2019 Available on: Lux
Director: Benh Zeitlin
Mississippi Floods: Designing a shifting landscape Each time the waters of the mighty Mississippi River overflow their banks, questions arise anew about the battle between "man" and "river". How can we prevent floods and the damage they inflict while maintaining navigational potential and protecting the river's ecology?" "The design of the Mississippi and how it should proceed has long been a subject of controversy. What is missing from the discussion, say the authors of this book, is an understanding of the representations of the Mississippi River. Landscape architect Anuradha Mathur and architect/planner Dilip da Cunha draw together an array of perspectives on the river and show how these different images have played a role in the process of designing and containing the river landscape. Analyzing maps, hydrographs, working models, drawings, photographs, government and media reports, painting, and even folklore, Mathur and da Cunha consider what these representations of the river portray, what they leave out, and why that might be. With original silk screen prints and a selection of maps, the book joins historic, scientific, engineering, and natural views of the river to create an entirely new portrait of the great Mississippi.
The Landscape Imagination Over the past two decades, James Corner has reinvented the field of landscape architecture. His highly influential writings of the 1990s—included in our bestselling Recovering Landscape—together with a post-millennial series of built projects, such as New York's celebrated High Line, prove that the best way to address the problems facing our cities is to embrace their industrial past. Collecting Corner's written scholarship from the early 1990s through 2010, The Landscape Imagination addresses critical issues in landscape architecture and reflects on how his writings have informed the built work of his thriving New York– based practice, Field Operations.
Author: Anuradha Mathuur da Cunha Publish date: 2001
Author: James Corner Publish date: 2014
Release date: 2012 Available on: Prime
Petrochemical America Petrochemical America represents a unique collaboration between photographer Richard Misrach and landscape architect Kate Orff. The second part of the book integrates these photographs into a series of visual narratives created by Kate Orff and her office, SCAPE, and unpacks the complex cultural, physical, and economic issues of the region. A Glossary of Terms and Solutions for a Post–Petrochemical Culture brings together case studies, tools, and practices that offer models for change. Ultimately, this joint enterprise offers an expansion of both disciplines, a richly researched and concretely visualized study of the issues facing the petrochemical industry—and our society, which has become inextricably intertwined with its output.
Design for Flooding The complete guide to planning and design for water suustainability, as well as flooding and natural disasters. Architects, urban planners, and urban designers, as well as water resources engineers and landscape architects will discover that Design for Flooding presents the best practices and lessons to create buildings and communities that are more resilient in the face of severe weather, climate change, and the prospect of rising sea level.
Author: Richard Misrach Kate Orff Publish date: 2012
Director: Donald Watson Michele Adams Publish date: 2010
References
A critical study of future liquid city discourse through the lens of flooding