Logbook Week 10: Knowledge Map:
E-‐Leaning content: When a building structure is constructed, one of the main considerations is that building must be able to withstand a range of forces, such as lateral forces and earthquakes. Lateral loads: Wind forces, for example, acted on the surface of structure, there will be minimum value on the base and maximum value at the highest point. Generally, lateral loads represents the horizontal forces acting on the structure. (See the following Sketch)
Earthquakes: Earthquakes often result in movement of base in horizontal directions. 3 key strategies to resist lateral forces: • Diagonal bracing • Diaphragms/shear walls • Moment resisting frame
Diagonal bracing can be used to increase the stability of the whole structure, so that when it undergoes lateral forces, the building is able to move as a one piece, therefore the integrality can be guaranteed. Shear wall is another important aspect, because it gives the structure a lateral protection on the sideway. The following sketch illustrates the different impacts of building with and without shear wall when lateral forces are acted on the buildings.
Moment resisting frame is constructed with rigidly connected joints. It provides a continuous interface between horizontal and vertical elements, so that the building can act as monolithic frame. Lateral forces are now resisted by rotation of beams and columns as well as the bending action.
Material Corrosion: Example: Status of Liberty (US) The copper skin of the status is supported on an iron skeleton.
The general trend of copper corrosion is: Copper Darker copper Patina copper oxide Problem of copper corrosion: When copper is corroded, the copper metal will become more porous, so that they might hold moisture at the joint or other interspaces. That is because the connection started to fail, and expand and pull the rivet away from the copper skin. Theoretically, the stainless steel is much more stable against corrosion. Teflon coated stainless steel structure will give more protection of building façade.
3D drawing of pop up window of Oval Pavilion:
This pop up window is located at the back of Oval Pavilion, this following drawing is the plan detail of this window. (See below)
The structural materials like steel frame and face brickwork are indicated in thick black colors, while soft members like vapor barrier, thermal insulation and glazing are indicated in thin black color.
3D drawing can also clearly illustrate the component of structural members in a easy way rather than plane details.
Glossary: Shear wall Shear wall is a structural system composed of braced panels (also known as shear panels) to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure. Soft storey: Soft storey is a structural design where one or more floors are soft. Braced frame: A braced frame is a structural system which is designed primarily to resist wind and earthquake forces. (Braced Frame, 2014) Life cycle: Change and reuse the constructing material by recycling old materials. Defect: It is the deficiency in the design and construction of building or structure resulting from a failure to design or
construct in a reasonably workmanlike manner. Fascia: Fascia is an architectural term for a frieze or band running horizontally and situated vertically under the roof edge. Corrosion: Corrosion is a gradual destruction of materials (usually metals) by chemical reaction with its environment. IEQ: indoor environmental quality
Reference list: Braced frame. (2014). Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braced_fra me Giles Lambertson. (2014) Building to Withstand Imminent Earthquakes. Retrieved from: http://www.constructionequipmentguide. com/Building-‐to-‐Withstand-‐Imminent-‐Ea rthquakes/14310/