WEEK 4 LOGBOOK Knowledge Map:
E-Learning: Floor and Framing:  Concrete frame: Concrete frame can be designed into two different structures, one is that joists are intersecting and perpendicular in two directions, and the other is the one that joists are parallel to each other.
In the first case where joists are in different directions, it is a good structure to make the whole nice and stable from aesthetic and safety perspectives. In the second case where joists are parallel to each other, it is a
very common distribution, because those joists are the only shortest distance between the structures.
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Timber structure: Timber structures normally use parallel arrangement that differs by different thickness of timber joists. If thick timer joists are chosen, less number of joists is required and vice versa.
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Steel framing: Steel framing has two different system of beam distribution, which is called one-way beam system and two-way beam system.
One-way beam system: Framing beams into girders minimize the floor depth, so that some mechanical services can pass through holes cut into the beam webs. On the other side of the beam, two-layer does the opposite where it increases the floor depth, but creates more spaces for mechanical devices to pass through.
Two-way beam system: Girders are designed to support the primary beam and then in turn to support the secondary beam.
S,W,C and structural tubing
Concrete materials:
Concrete systems: Thickness of the column is approximately the span divided by 30 Timber systems: Use the combination of bearer and joists. The span of the bearers determines the spacing of the piers or stumps and the spacing of the bearers equals the span of the joists. Steel system: Heavy gauge structural steel Light gauge structural steel
Water 0.4-0.5,
Concrete -----provenance Chemical reaction (hydration) Too much water, the concrete might become weak. Too little water, the concrete might be stiff. Concrete----process Fluid shape Formwork; It can be finished in the building site. Pre-cast concrete, it can be done in the factories or anywhere with different materials. Concrete formwork:
Common concrete mix is: Cement 1, including Portland and lime) Fine aggregate 2, (sand) Coarse aggregate 4, (crushed rock)
Column formwork Fiber forms have a smooth or spiral pattern finish and are disposable.
Wood formwork Reusable forms may have a square or rectangular cross section.
Wall forms 1. Spreaders keep the form or wall apart. 2. Plywood sheathing 3. Wood studs 4. Horizontal walers reinforce the vertical members of formwork 5. Bracing
In the curing process, concrete reach 75% energy and non-renewable) compressive strength and in Cost (generally cost effective) approximately 7 days with testing at 28 days, and then formworks are In situ concrete: removed, stored and reused. Widely used in footings Retaining walls Concrete: strong in compression but Bespoke structural element weak in tension. Steel: strong in tension Reinforcement in the form of mesh and bars are added, resulting materials called reinforced concrete. Pre-cast concrete: Concrete properties: Used in retaining walls Hardness (high) Walls Fragility (low) Columns Ductility (very low) Fabricated in controlled environment and transport to site Flexibility (low) Porosity (medium low) Much faster Density (medium high, 2.5 than water) Conductivity (poor) Durability (very durable) Recyclability (medium low) Sustainability (high embodied
Joint Construction joint—naturally occur when one pre-cast element meet another Structural joint----critical for overall performance
The oval pavilion has already includes several Environmental sustainable Design with its structure and interior ancillary facilities, such as mechanical services Electrical services Structure of Oval Pavilion: Foundation and footings: Concrete slabs are used in the underground area Retaining walls are made in situ concrete Brick wall is set up at the back of the building and a barrier. Timber members are particularly applied to the cantilever (approx. 9m). Design of the building: 3D model (better design in space and effective feedback.) 2D plane (clear understanding of basic structural members and special requirement.)
Tutorial Session: The tutorial session mainly focuses on the understanding of oval pavilion construction drawings and it will be used and applied more frequently during the model setting in the next tutorial session and further study.
Title block
The title block provides us plenty of information, including:
The scale, drawing number, the north direction, the architects and project manager, many consultant details, date, client and released.
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Above details provide the basic people and communities that are relevant to this project and the necessary contact details when few changes are required. This information also gives the construction community a clear plan of what client requested. Construction plan In the construction plan, legends and many other abbreviation legends are shown in the plan, this action avoid the plan to be messy and make it clear and coherent.
some changes. For example, the number between vertical line 4 and 5 represents the distance in between, which is normally measured in millimeters. It can be shown as below:
Also, those grid lines can be quite useful, especially in identifying the exact location of the plan, from to right of the horizontal direction; it is marked as 1 to 7, while it is marked from A to D on the vertical direction from top to bottom. This system is quite similar to coordinated axis, by finding the intersecting points, the location can be easily found when making
Legend plays an important role in increasing efficiency, because it lets some complicated expression to be written and drawn in a common and recognized form, so that the plan will be more simple and straightforward. For example, FFL stands for finished floor level (meters) above datum, the plan might not allow those complicated expression to appear too frequently due to space limit, so creating a legend for those terms make everything easier. Some parts of the drawing are annotated because those parts are
considered as other information in other plans.
the specific view can be seen on particular pages, we are suggested to go to instructed pages for more details.
unit of a room, which means each room has window number 1, window number 2 and it repeats in different rooms.
In the plan, windows are expressed in the place where D02 is located
Obviously, each plan is relevant to each other, so there are some references to other drawings are shown on the plan, which can be seen as a symbol consist of a circle and a triangle, see below: Doors are expressed in the plan here W04 is located
It means that, other drawings from
The number of the doors and windows can be regarded as the name for them started from number 1. However, this kind of symbol is normally named in the
Some areas are drawn clouded, because it means some new requests suggested by the clients. For example, the special annotation in the social room: ‘REMOVE EXIST PARQUETRY. REPAIR AND FINISH EXISTING FLOOR BOARD’ implies the latest changes of the project.
Floor levels can be told by number of rooms, for example, 2.01 means the first room in the second floor. In this way, we can tell which floor we are looking at. For the elevation, there is a legend called FFL, which means Finished Floor Level (meters) above datum. For example,
When rooms have the same elevation, it means they all in the same floor, when the elevation is different, then it means they probably not in the same floor.
The dimensions are not shown on the elevation. Information about some special requirements are shown on the elevations using words, for example, NEW DOUBLE GLAZED DOORS TO MATCH EXISTING in words, it means this instruction should be taken into special consideration.
There are grids in the elevation as well, but it only follows the horizontal line or vertical line, but not both. In the south elevation, numbers from 3 to 7 are present, while in the east elevation, letters
from A to D are present.
On the elevation, doors and windows are directly drawn for us, but they still have pacific numbers for each door and window, this information is illustrated in the legend box.
Glossaryďźš Joist: it is one of the horizontal members that run between foundations, walls, or beams to support a ceiling or floor.
Sections are different from elevation and plan, because it can be regarded as a cross section from one particular plane. In the drawing of sections, materials are drawn into different colors. For example, in the basement, the wall materials of foyer and changing room are different. In the foyer, brick walls are used, while concrete walls are set up in the changing room.
Details drawing: During the design of Oval Pavilion, link, canopy, north function wall and other individual members are drawn in detail. Some details are compressed using break lines because it can be easier to tell the exact structure of structural members. Materials are drawn according to the drawing standard, for example, the following is the combination of large scale earth and concrete block.
Joist span: the length of the joist Joist spacing: the distance between two parallel joists. Bearer: a horizontal member of a scaffold on which the platform rests and which may be supported by ledgers. Cantilever: it is a beam anchored at only one end. Formwork: it is the term given to either temporary or permanent molds into which concrete or similar materials are poured. Plywood: it is a manufactured wood panel from the family of manufactured boards.
Elevation: the view that people are looking at the side of the building. Section: A section is what you would see if you cut the object. You would only show what you can see at the cut line nothing in front and nothing behind. In-situ concrete: the concrete poured into forms at the building site. Pre-cast concrete: it is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reused mold or form which is then cured in a controlled environment.
Reference list: 1. Prestressed reinforced concrete portal frame, http://www.archiexpo.com/prod/ha rrington-precast-concrete/prestres sed-reinforced-concrete-portal-fra mes-59900-238529.html 2. Traditional timber framing, Vermont Timber Works, https://timberframehome.wordpres s.com/tag/steel-joinery/ 3. Reinforcing Steel Frame, http://www.solarcrete.com/steel-fra me-building.php 4. About ready mixed concrete, http://www.concreteanswers.org/ab out/readymix.html