Cultural Incubator: A Microcosm of Diversity in St. Louis

C U LT U R A L INCUBATOR a microcosm of diversity in st. louis

Juan Gonzalez

Design Thinking Fall 2019 Instructor: Julie Bauer Faculty Assistant: Alexander Ayres

CULTURAL INCUBATOR

a microcosm of diversity in st. louis Juan Gonzalez Design Thinking Fall 2019 Instructor: Julie Bauer Faculty Assistant: Alexander Ayres

SYNOPSIS In St. Louis, there are over one hundred thirty different ethnic groups from all over the world, and most of them are underrepresented in the St. Louis urban fabric.

Apart from the city’s temporary cultural festivals, there is not many places where people can go and experience different cultures year-round.

The proposal is a cultural incubator that allows minority user groups to rent spaces for longer periods, therefore 1) creating a hub for residents of St. Louis to experience various cultures, 2) allow the influx of people to create a demand for the representation of minorities, and 3) find permanent locations for the cultures following their time in the incubator.

CONTENTS 01

Premise

02

Program

03

Place

04

Possibilities

08 Cultural Festivals Cultural Neighborhoods

24 36 46

Posssible Programs User Groups

48 58 70

Options for Place Selected Site

72 82 94

01 PREMISE WHERE IS THE CULTURE?

12

PREMISE

13

WHERE IS THE CULTURE?

CULTURE(S) IN ST. LOUIS St. Louis is geographically located in the center of the country, and it is a melting pot of cultures coming from around the whole world. Although the Arch symbolizes the American expansion to the west, it also implies the influx of cultures to its urban fabric. In St. Louis, there is a consistent acknowledgement of various cultures that are present in the city, yet there is a large disconnect of these cultures being permanent within the city.

14

PREMISE

15

Sheet 2

WHERE IS THE CULTURE?

Birthplace

Sheet 2

Mexico

42,104

India

19,609

Birthplace China Mexico Philippines India Bosnia and Herzegovina

19,003

6,166 5,708 6,365 5,415

Korea Canada Guatemala Honduras Brazil Nigeria

4,153 3,544 3,872 3,392 3,564 3,128

Pakistan United Kingdom, not speci..

Myanmar Russia

3,544 2,892 3,392 2,768 3,128 2,747

Ukraine Nepal United Kingdom, not speci..

Jamaica Democratic Republic Russia of Co..

Nepal Kenya

2,892 2,572 2,768 2,524 2,747 2,318

Jamaica Italy Democratic Republic of Co..

Japan HongKenya Kong Italy Albania

2,572 2,215 2,524 2,113 2,318 2,032

Japan England Hong Kong France Albania Argentina

2,215 2,007 2,113 2,006 2,032 1,904

England Iraq France Colombia Argentina Liberia

2,007 1,844 2,006 1,742 1,904 1,560

Iraq Thailand Colombia Syria Liberia Romania

1,844 1,463 1,742 1,435 1,560 1,388

Iran Nicaragua Greece Turkey

1,463 1,321 1,435 1,280 1,388 1,259 1,321 1,254 1,280 1,227 1,259 1,218 1,254 1,158 1,227 1,138 1,218 1,130

Africa Yugoslavia Nicaragua Laos

1,158 1,129 1,138 1,085 1,130 1,085

Turkey Cameroon Yugoslavia Cambodia Laos Jordan

1,129 1,011 1,085 1,011 1,085 1,001

Cameroon Venezuela Cambodia Poland

1,011 985 1,011 979 1,001 968

Jordan Micronesia Venezuela Bulgaria Poland Ireland Micronesia Belarus Bulgaria Somalia Ireland Egypt Belarus Ethiopia Somalia Dominican Republic Egypt Netherlands Ethiopia Sudan Dominican Trinidad &Republic Tobago Netherlands Belgium Sudan Australia Trinidad Tobago Other Europe, not & specified Belgium Ecuador

9,924 9,104

5,074 4,153 4,797 3,872 4,312 3,564

Nigeria Pakistan ElMyanmar Salvador Taiwan Ukraine

Lebanon Iran SouthGreece Africa Peru Africa

13,314

5,0746,166 5,708 4,797 4,3125,415

Canada El Salvador Honduras Taiwan

Romania Lebanon

19,003

9,104 6,365

Vietnam Guatemala Germany Brazil

Haiti South Africa Cuba Peru

19,609

9,924

China Vietnam Philippines Germany Bosnia and Herzegovina Korea

Thailand Haiti Syria Cuba

42,104

13,314

985 954 979 911 968 901 954 887 911 876 901 824 887 795 876 792 824 786 795 768 792 740 786 717

768 682 740 0K663 717 Australia 651

5K

10K

15K

20K

650 577 611 Sum of Total Population for each Birthplace. The data is filtered on ID Year, which keeps 2017.

568 581 555 577 545

30K

35K

40K

45K

35K

40K

45K

Total Foreign-born Population in St. Louis

682 Other Europe, not specified 650 Ecuador 663 Sum of Total Population for each Birthplace.5K The data is filtered 0K611 10Kon ID Year, which 15K keeps 2017. 20K 651 581

16

25K Total Population 25K Total Population

30K

876 824 795

Egypt Ethiopia Dominican Republic Sudan Trinidad & Tobago

Sheet 2

PREMISE

792 786 768

Netherlands

Belgium

740

Australia Other Europe, notBirthplace specified

717

682 663 Ecuador 0K 663 651 Ghana 651 650 Bhutan 650

5K

10K

15K

20K

25K

30K

35K

40K

45K

Total Population

611 Scotland 611 Sum of Total Population for each Birthplace. The data is filtered on ID Year, which keeps 2017.

581 Bangladesh 581 Croatia

577 577 568 568

Algeria USSR

555 555 545 545 480 480

Austria Indonesia Spain Hungary Saudi Arabia

399 399 395 395

Israel Sweden Czech Republic Portugal Eritrea Malaysia Switzerland Sri Lanka Panama Denmark Kuwait Libya Samoa Norway Morocco United Arab Emirates Asia Other U.S. Island Areas, O..

Gambia Azerbaijan Senegal Guyana New Zealand

NATIONALITIES IN ST. LOUIS

469 469 423 423 407 407

Serbia

373 373 370 370 369 369 361 361

Additionally, St. Louis is currently ranked third in the nation for growth in foreign-born population who intend to settle down and develop businesses mainly because of the low cost of living that is available here in the city.1 This constant influx of different nationalities and cultures continues to diversify the urban fabric of the St. Louis area.

349 349 343 343 317 317 313 313 305 305 299 299 284 284 275 275 268 268 265 265 255 255 252 252

The bar graph shows all the foreign-born ethnic nationalities that are in St. Louis in 2017.

Although, there are one-hundred thirty-one different nationalities currently here, it is very difficult to acknowledge that these ethnic groups are actually in St. Louis.2

249 249 232 232 232 232 227 227 219 219 196 196

170 Bermuda 170 Bolivia 169 169 Uganda Moldova Finland Slovakia

161 161 155 155

The disconnect of knowledge is true based on St. Louis’s urban fabric. If one was to roam around the city of St. Louis, it would be impossible to know that these groups make up part of the population.

151 151 144 144

Iceland 144 144 116 South America 116 112 Zimbabwe 112 Bahamas 110 110 St Vincent & the Grenadin.. 108 108 South Central Asia, not sp.. 101 101 99 Kazakhstan 99 Costa Rica 94 94 Marshall Islands 92 92 Uzbekistan 90 90 Tanzania 66 66 59 Other Asia, not specified 59 59 Afghanistan 59 Barbados 51 51 44 Georgia (country) 44 42 Fiji 42 Zambia 35 35 Other Africa, not specified 24 24 Belize 15 15 Singapore 88 0K

5K

10K

15K

20K

25K

30K

35K

40K

45K

Total Population

Total Foreign-born Population in St. Louis Sum of Total Population for each Birthplace. The data is filtered on ID Year, which keeps 2017.

17

WHERE IS THE CULTURE(S)?

18

PREMISE

Foreign Population 1 Dot = 15 People Arab-Lebanese Ancestry Eastern European Ancestry European Ancestry Greek Ancestry Italian Ancestry Hispanic/Latino Population Foreign-born Population Asian Alone Population

Total Population by Neighborhood 694-1711 1712-2528 2529-3376 3377-4331 4332-6446

19

WHERE IS THE CULTURE?

Permanent Institutions Theatres Museums Churches Parks

20

PREMISE

PERMANENT

There are also permanent institutions such as museums, churches, parks, and theatres that allow the public to embrace with the arts, both domestic and foreign, in a permanent and consistent way. These permanent options are more limiting to the underrepresented population of the city since there is not a prime focus of their embrace, yet these establishments are still vital to the fabric of culture in the city.

Additionally, these institutions are also the locations where the city offer the temporary festivals to occur, especially in the parks, such as Forest Park and Tower Grove Park.

21

WHERE IS THE CULTURE?

22

Theatres

Museums

The zoning of theatres in St. Louis city accumulating in the center of the county. Additionally, with the exception of one theatre, the majority of these institutions are located within or in between Forest Park and the Gateway Arch.

The zoning of museums in St. Louis city concentrate in downtown and Forest park with outliers north of Delmar and the Missouri Botanical Garden Museum.

PREMISE

Churches

Parks

The zoning of churches in St. Louis city is more spread out from the north and south ends of the county. This happens due to the diverse neighborhoods that are located within this zone.

The zoning of parks in St. Louis city is the most evenly dispersed with large amounts in the north and south of the county. Many of the neighborhoods have one or more parks making it the most accessible permanent institution of the city.

23

WHERE IS THE CULTURE?

TEMPORARY

Routinely, there are temporary fairs and festivals that appear and reappear throughout the city. These festivals offer free admission to the public to enjoy art, music, dance and food from different cultures from the greater St. Louis region.3 If not for these pop-up fairs, it would be difficult to acknowledge the variety of cultures present in the region.

The collective emergence of these temporary cultural events throughout the city allows attendees to visit new parts of the city and different neighborhoods within St. Louis. Unfortunately, sometimes there are multiple events happening at the same time and it makes it difficult to attend multiple events. Additionally, it’s not sustainable to travel (often via automobile) to all these events throughout the city, especially when multiple events are happening in the same weekend.

24

PREMISE

Festivals and Fairs 2018-19 January - March April - June July - September October - December Permanent Instutitions

25

WHERE IS THE CULTURE?

26

January - March

April - June

From January to March, there are thirteen cultural events in St. Louis located within the East/West middle zone of the county and a cluster of events in Soulard.

From April to June, there are fifteen cultural events in the county mainly located in the central zone of the map with a cluster of events occuriing in Forest Park.

PREMISE

July - September

October - December

From July to September, there are nineteen cultural events in St. Louis mainly located in the southern half of the county with many events happening in Tower Grove, Forest Park, and Downtown.

From October to December, there are twelve cultural events in the county mainly located in the central zone of the county with many events happening in Tower Grove and Downtown.

27

HOW DO CULTURAL FESTIVALS ACTIVATE OUR SENSES?

28

PREMISE

29

CULTURAL FESTIVALS IN ST. LOUIS

ST. LOUIS GREEK FESTIVAL

Taste The St. Louis Greek Festival is located in the Central West End neighborhood of the city and occurs every year on Labor Day weekend. In this multiple day event, the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church opens its doors to host events that include traditional Greek food, live music, Greek folk dancing, beverages, and tours of the church.4 The Greek Festival is unique to St. Louis because it offers Greek street food such as gyros, pastitsio, spanakoptia, and baklava. Similar to many other festivals that are available in the area, the admission to the festival is free.

In the image to the right, one can see the view from within the main communal dining space within the church where participants of the event gather to eat together in round tables. Also within this space is the stage where the Greek fold dancers perform throughout the weekend.

30

PREMISE

31

CULTURAL FESTIVALS IN ST. LOUIS

FESTIVAL OF NATIONS

Hearing The Festival of Nations is the largest multicultural festival in St. Louis with booths from more than seventy total ethnic groups.5 This convergence of cultures relates to the backbone idea of the project. The Festival of Nations is organized into three different activities that are available for the visitor to encounter. The three activities are food booths, ethnic gift bazaar and workshops, and finally stages for live ethnic performances.6 The image to the right is an example of one of the three stages where ethnic groups can perform to the crowd of visitors and St. Louis residents. Although the stages tend to be dominated by the dances and choreography, one of the impactful aspects of the atmosphere within the festival is the large variety of music, especially for the live performances on the stages. This engagement through hearing becomes a critical part of the activity within the festival.

32

PREMISE

33

CULTURAL FESTIVALS IN ST. LOUIS

FESTIVAL OF NATIONS

Smell Additionally, the Festival of Nations offers a large amount of food booths ranging different cuisines across the world. For example, immediately when you enter one of the gates of the festival, the first strip of booths that one encounters are Bolivian, Ethiopian, Iranian, Vietnamese, American, and Colombian. These are only six of the forty-nine food booths available in this year’s event.7 The festival is located in Tower Grove Park allowing the booths to be organized along the length of the park itself.

With all these booths cooking food throughout the entire day, the impact that smell is evident to the experience of the outdoor event. In the image to the right, the crowded walkway is dominated by pedestrians who are smelling what the food booths have to offer. This is critical because it would be impossible to eat something from every single booth, so the people must let their sense of smell guide them to where they intend to commit.

34

PREMISE

35

CULTURAL FESTIVALS IN ST. LOUIS

GREATER ST. LOUIS HISPANIC FESTIVAL

Touch The Greater St. Louis Hispanic Festival is located in Soulard from September 20-22. The festival is similar to the Festival of Nations, yet the scale is smaller, and it is specific to the ethnic groups relating to Hispanic backgrounds. The main goal for this festival is “to help increase regional awareness of the spectrum of cultural contributions made by hispanic musicians, dancers, artisans, and chefs.�8 In other terms, the goal of the festival and majority of all the other temporary festivals is to create a demand for the under-represented ethnic population that is in St. Louis. Dance is a prime focus of the festival, and on the image to the right, the professional dancers are on the same level as the public in order to engage the community with the dances too. The act of dancing relates specifically to that of touch, energy, and haptic feedback, and it is an important factor in the event.

36

PREMISE

37

CULTURAL FESTIVALS IN ST. LOUIS

CHINESE CULTURE DAYS

Sight The Chinese Culture Days festival is located at the Missouri Botanical Gardens on April 27-28 and includes regional Chinese cuisine and tea, tradiational art, dances, and acrobatics.9 For this festival, the Missouri Botanical Garden works with the Chinese Culture Education and Services Foundation to create the event that celebrates all that is related to Chinese culture.

In the image to the right, the Grand Parade is happening which indicates the commencement of the festival.

They use a seventy-foot long dancing dragon as the main part of the parade, and it engages the audience with the sense of sight. In this scenario, the audience is observing the dancers and the dragon create a spectacle that indicates the culture of the Chinese ethnic groups in St. Louis. For that time period, the choreography of dancing dragon manipulates our attention and captivates our focus as a symbol of Asian culture.

38

PREMISE

39

ARE THERE CULTURAL NEIGHBORHOODS IN ST. LOUIS?

40

PREMISE

The temporary festivals allow the public to see the diversity present in the city. Without these annual events, then it would be more difficult to know, for example, the largest Bosnian population outside of Bosnia is in St. Louis (70,000);10 if one never went to Bevo Hill in St. Louis, there would not be any indication that there is a strong Bosnian American population. Similar scenarios occur with Italian Americans at The Hill and Mexican Americans at Gravois Park.

41

CULTURAL NEIGHBORHOODS

BEVO MILL

Bosnia The first neighborhood is Bevo Mill, located in South City St. Louis. The neighborhood is nicknamed “Little Bosnia” because of the large population of Bosnians who settled in St. Louis after fleeing war in their country in the 1990s.11 The neighborhood has several bakeries, butcher shops and coffee shops that are owned by Bosnian Americans.12 Although it has been known to be specific to the Bosnian population, the neighborhood now is losing some of their Bosnian groups as they are moving to other places in St. Louis or other cities in the United States.

Below are images of establishments in the neighborhood. The first image shows a Bosnian butcher shop named Mesnica Pehlan. The second image shows Europa Market and J’s Pitaria, a local market and restaurant, respectively.

42

Rd. Morg

anford

Christy Blvd.

Gr

av

ois

Av

e.

PREMISE

Europa Market & J’s Pitaria Joseph R. Leisure Park

Bat

es

St.

Neighborhood Zoning

Mesnica Pehlan

Permanent Institutions Single Family Residential Two Family Residential Multiple Family Residential Neighborhood Commercial Commercial Industrial Unrestricted Cultural Establishments

N

43

CULTURAL NEIGHBORHOODS

THE HILL

Italy The Hill is located just south of Forest Park, and the neighborhood is notorious for its Italian heritage. In the early parts of the 20th century, Italians migrated to the United States and some settled in St. Louis. Since then, they have made the Hill a colorful neighborhood full of restaurants, cafes, bakeries, and markets that relate to Italian roots.13 It also has a catholic church and a piazza that is shared by the neighborhood.

In the images below, the colors of the Italian flag can be seen throughout the entire neighborhood. The first image shows the Marconi Bakery, and the second image shows Milo’s Tavern. Both establishments are located on the same street, and both places correspond with the thematic atmoshpere of the neighborhood, especially with the colors and the brick facades.

44

PREMISE

Neighborhood Zoning Permanent Institutions Single Family Residential Two Family Residential Multiple Family Residential Neighborhood Commercial Commercial Industrial Unrestricted Cultural Establishments

Shaw Ave.

Hampton Av e.

S Kingshig

hway Blvd

.

Berra Park

Marconi Bakery

west

South

Ave.

N

Milo’s Tavern

45

CULTURAL NEIGHBORHOODS

GRAVOIS PARK

Mexico The neighborhood of Gravois Park is located in southern St. Louis, just southeast of Tower Grove Park. The neighborhood is dominated by two family residential dwellings and is majority African-American population, yet there is a large amount of Latino population, specifically Mexican Americans. The Mexican culture in the neighborhood is mostly seen in the north edge of Gravois Park on Cherokee Street. On this street, there are permanent Mexican establisments such as restaurants, bars, bakeries, markets, and even a boot shop.14 The images below show two Mexican businesses that are located on Cherokee Street. The first is of a red brick building where Carniceria Latino Americana (market) and Don Carlos Restaurant are located. One block west is Diana’s Bakery where St. Louisans can find freshly baked traditional Mexican pastries.

46

PREMISE

Neighborhood Zoning Permanent Institutions Single Family Residential Two Family Residential Multiple Family Residential Neighborhood Commercial Commercial Industrial Unrestricted Cultural Establishments

Cherokee

St.

Jefferson Av

e.

Gravois Park

Diana’s Bakery

N

Carniceria Latino Americana

47

HOW CAN WE CREATE A PERMANENT PLACE FOR CULTURE?

48

PREMISE

The continuous emergence of these fairs allows the public to enjoy the diversity of the area, yet they do not create a physical demand of more permanent diverse business or practice in St. Louis. This explains why the urban fabric isn’t well-representative of the diversity of the residents. The premise of this project is to create a permanent space where different cultures can collectively inhabit and grow to chronically engrain and incorporate into the St. Louis culture and landscape. Designing a cultural incubator for the city will create a larger sense of community and place, simultaneously allowing people from diverse cultures to come together. The space will act as a microcosm of the diverse cultural landscape in the greater St. Louis region.

49

02 PROGRAM

50

PROGRAM

ACTIVITY

ART | CUISINE | MUSIC | LANGUAGE | RELIGION

ELIGION

TIME OF DAY

TIME

PROGRAM SCALE

OF DAY

SMALL | MEDIUM | LARGE

PROGRAM SCALE SMALL | MEDIUM | LARGE

51

HOW DO PEOPLE COME TOGETHER?

52

PROGRAM

Within St. Louis’s cultural incubator, there are two critical programs that drive the project to be successful: engagement and gathering. The engaging of others will create a stronger demand for the culture in the incubator, and the gathering of cultures will strengthen bonds and invigorate the community. Both programmatic endeavors allow various people to create a connection that overrides cultures.

53

POSSIBLE PROGRAMS

POSSIBLE PROGRAMS Humans come together when they share things in common, and these commonalities rely on universal languages that are uniformly understood. These universal languages include the five senses: smell, taste, sound, and touch; although they are intertwined programmatically, they bridge the gap that is created by sight and verbal language. The incubator will include different modules that will house a culture that will be displayed for the visitor. Circulation inside the incubator will be determined directly by the sense that triggers a response of home, nostalgia, or curiosity; this could occur with any of the five senses, and therefore, the circulation becomes a personalized venture completely dependent on the individual.

PROGRAMS PROGRAM OF INCUBATOR

TOUCH | SIGHT | HEARING | TASTE | SMELL

SENSES SENSE

ART | CUISINE | MUSIC | LANGUAGE | RELIGION

OF INCUBATOR

TOUCH | SIGHT | HEARING | TASTE | SMELL

ART | CUISINE | MUSIC | LANGUAGE | RELIGION

Bakery Food cart Market Culinary class Artisan studio Tailor Dance class Artisan class Chapel Meditation class Theatre Church Dance club Recording studio Music hall Translator Writing class Restaurant Communal dining Brewery

54

ACTIVITY ACTIVITY

TIME OF DAY

TY

GUAGE | RELIGION

PROGRAM

Considering the different cultures and nationalities that are present in St. Louis, the initial possibilities of programs within the incubator include but are not limited to (smell) a bakery, food cart, market, culinary class, (touch) artisan studio, tailor, dance class, artisan class, (sight) chapel, meditation class, theatre, church, (hearing) dance club, recording studio, music hall, translator, writing class, (taste) restaurant, communal dining, and brewery. Additionally, natural light, late night, and public outdoor space are culture unifiers that gather people together, and I will use this to continue to structure the thematic itinerary within the structure.

TIME TIME OF DAY

PROGRAM SCALE SCALE

OF DAY

SMALL | MEDIUM | LARGE

SMALL | MEDIUM | LARGE

55

POSSIBLE PROGRAMS

SPACE ALLOCATION

CULINARY CLASS

BAKERY MARKET

CUISINE COMMUNAL DINING FOOD CART

BREWERY RESTAURANT

Where Do Spaces Go? In a project with so many different programs that vary in scales, it is important to organize the spaces based on three different circulatory drivers such as activity, time of day, and fixity.

The diagram to the right is mapping out the relationships of the spaces based on the type of activity. The five activities in the incubator, as previoulsy demonstrated, include cuisine, religion, music, art and language. The programs closest to each other would likely be located in adjacency.

The programs with the strongest bonds would also be located closer together.

The next diagram maps out the programs based on what time of the day they would be used or inhabited. This also allows the allocation of the spaces to be organized based on an itinerary throughout the entire day, especially from daytime to nighttime.

56

PROGRAM

MEDITATION CLASS CHAPEL

THEATRE

CHURCH

TAILOR

RELIGION

ARTISAN STUDIO

ARTISAN CLASS

ART MUSIC

LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR DANCE CLUB

DANCE CLASS

WRITING CLASS

RECORDING STUDIO

MUSIC HALL

57

SPACE ALLOCATION

TIME OF PROGRAM SUNRISE

NOON

7am

SMELL

SUNSET

12pm

BAKERY

5pm

MARKET

CULINARY CLASS

TASTE

TOUCH

HEARING

SIGHT

58

ARTISAN STUDIO

WRITING CLASS

MEDITATION CLASS

TAILOR

ARTISAN CLASS

DANCE CLASS

TRANSLATOR

CHURCH

CHAPEL

PROGRAM

SUNSET

MIDNIGHT

5pm

SUNRISE

12am

7am

FOOD CART

RESTAURANT

RECORDING STUDIO

COMMUNAL DINING

MUSIC HALL

BREWERY

DANCE CLUB

THEATRE

59

SPACE ALLOCATION

FIXED PROGRAMS The modularity of the incubator insinuates that the program of the building can be flexible and can be altered. Furthermore, there will be permanent modules located inside the structure, and kinetic modules that will be relocated onto other modules within the incubator (combinations) or other sites within the city. Both permanent and kinetic modules are integral to the design because it creates a nucleus and separate membranes which allow the incubator to be active.

These programs are constrained by their use of specialized equipment that is difficult to move such as ovens, exhausts, or beer tanks. The other constraint is the large scale of the space that determines the fixity of the program.

BAKERY

CULINARY CLASS

THEATRE

MUSIC HALL

CHURCH RESTAURANT

BREWERY

60

PROGRAM

MOVABLE PROGRAMS These programs are more flexible mainly because they don’t have heavy machinery that anchors them into one space. Unlike the fixed programs, these spaces are smaller in scale and will allow for the possibility of moving to other areas in the site or the city.

The constant activity inside and outside of the incubator allows the engagement of the public to demand for permanent locations in the city for cultural businesses living in the project. Ultimately, the growth of cultural artifacts in the incubator will radiate into the urban fabric of St. Louis; in turn, the St. Louis area will better represent the growing foreign-born population that is very present in the city.

ARTISAN CLASS COMMUNAL DINING

TAILOR

FOOD CART

ARTISAN STUDIO DANCE CLASS

RECORDING STUDIO

MARKET

DANCE CLUB

TRANSLATOR MEDITATION CLASS

CHAPEL

WRITING CLASS

61

WHO WILL BE THE POSSIBLE FIRST USERS OF THE INCUBATOR?

62

PROGRAM

63

Total Po..

Sheet 1 INITIAL USER GROUPS Mexico

India

Philippines

Brazil

Pakistan

Germany

Vietnam

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire)

Kenya

8

China

Italy

Korea

Japan

Guatemala

Hong Kong

Albania

England

Myanmar Canada

France

Ukraine

Argentina

Romania

Haiti

Lebanon

Cuba

Jordan

Greece

Peru

South Africa

Ireland

Poland

Honduras

United Kingdom, not speciďŹ ed

Iraq

Africa Other

Belarus Nicaragua

Nigeria

Somalia Colombia Russia

Bhutan Turkey

Egypt Scotland

Liberia

El Salvador

Laos

Nepal Thailand Taiwan

Dominican Republic Netherlands

Jamaica Syria

64

Yugoslavia

Cambodia

Israel

Sri

Ethiopia Sweden

Algeria Eritrea

Sudan

USSR

Libya Samoa

Croatia

Iran

42K

PROGRAM

POPULATION TIER 1 Population is already large and somewhat present in St. Louis.

POPULATION TIER 2 Population is growing, yet is not being represented well in St. Louis.

POPULATION TIER 3 Population is too small and still needs more growth in St. Louis.

65

Sheet 1

INITIAL USER GROUPS

INITIAL USER GROUPS The first step of designing the incubator for the needs of variety of cultures is determining the first group of foreign-born St. Louis residents to occupy the space within the project.

After analyzing the countries that would most benefit for the first use of the incubator based on their population, it was important to select five countries from different areas of the world in order to include diversity in the program.

Finally, it is important to assign a program to each of the countries based on a different sense. This allows the design to automatically solve different ways our sense will be activated within the project. The user groups chosen are the following:

1. Colombian bakery

2. Japanese sake brewery

3. Lebanese artisan studio

4. Polish dance club

5. Sudanese chapel

Poland

Japan Lebanon

Sudan Colombia

Total Population 8

66

42,104

Total PROGRAM

67

8

INITIAL USER GROUPS

COLOMBIAN BAKERY

A typical Colombian bakery would be ideal for the Colombian population in St. Louis. The common products sold in the bakery include almojabanas (cheese puff bread), pan de queso (large bread with cheese), pasteles de guava (guava pastries), buĂąuelos (cheese balls), chocolate con queso (hot chocolate with melted cheese), and of course, coffee. Typical Colombian cafes also offer a lunch menu in addition the the drinks and bakery.

68

PROGRAM

69

INITIAL USER GROUPS

BAKERY PRECEDENT Location: Population in St. Louis: Minority Ranking: Scale of Program: Sense: Time: Precedent: Location: Architect:

70

SOUTH AMERICA 1,742 33/131 MEDIUM SMELL DAYTIME MASA BOGOTA, COLOMBIA STUDIO CADENA

PROGRAM

71

INITIAL USER GROUPS

JAPANESE SAKE BREWERY

In St. Louis, there are already many breweries ranging in all sizes, yet they mainly are brewing beer. Additionally, there are many suchi places, but there are no sake breweries. Sake is made by fermenting rice, and it is common cultural alcoholic drink in Japan.15 The process takes months to complete, yet the idea of having a place in St. Louis would be interesting.

72

PROGRAM

73

INITIAL USER GROUPS

SAKE BREWERY PRECEDENT Location: Population in St. Louis: Minority Ranking: Scale of Program: Sense: Time: Precedent: Location: Architect:

74

EAST ASIA 2,215 26/131 LARGE TASTE NIGHTTIME A SAKE BREWERY ADDITION FUKUOKA, JAPAN A-UM

PROGRAM

75

INITIAL USER GROUPS

LEBANESE SOAP-MAKING STUDIO

In Lebanon, the tradition of making soap using olive oil is from ancient times. The abundance of olive trees in the region allow the soaps to be culturally representative of the nation.16 Unfortunately, there not many businesses that continue to make these soap bars that produce one of the best lathers of cleanliness. In the northern city of Tripoli, you can still see the Charkass soap studio and the way they make the soap bars.17

76

PROGRAM

77

INITIAL USER GROUPS

ARTISAN STUDIO PRECEDENT Location: Population in St. Louis: Minority Ranking: Scale of Program: Sense: Time: Precedent: Location: Architect:

78

MIDDLE EAST 1,259 40/131 MEDIUM TOUCH DAYTIME SENTEURS D’ORIENT HQ MKALLES, LEBANON ATELIER130

PROGRAM

79

INITIAL USER GROUPS

POLISH DISCO CLUB

Disco polo is a specific genre of music stemming from dance music and folk music from Poland. It was very popular in the 1990s, yet it fell off as many Polish people believed it became to tacky.18 This past decade has seen the re-emergence of the music because the population acknowledged the uniqueness and Polish-ness of the genre. Instead of being shamed about enjoying it, the revival of the music is often heard in local pubs and Polish weddings.19

80

PROGRAM

81

INITIAL USER GROUPS

DISCO CLUB PRECEDENT Location: Population in St. Louis: Minority Ranking: Scale of Program: Sense: Time: Precedent: Location: Architect:

82

EUROPE 979 54/131 LARGE HEARING NIGHTTIME THE YEAR SÃO PAOLO, BRAZIL ESTUDIO GUTO REQUENA

PROGRAM

83

INITIAL USER GROUPS

SUDANESE CHAPEL

The Sudanese population is mostly Muslim, yet there are minorities of Christians and Animists. After the civil war, most of the Christian population fled to South Sudan and now make up the majority of the population. Although the country is diverse, the Christians are still being treated with hostility.20 The chapel aims to host a space where people can pray and meditate no matter the religion.

84

PROGRAM

85

INITIAL USER GROUPS

CHAPEL PRECEDENT Location: Population in St. Louis: Minority Ranking: Scale of Program: Sense: Time: Precedent: Location: Architect:

86

NORTH AFRICA 786 64/131 SMALL SIGHT DAYTIME PRAYER/MEDITATION PAVILION KHARTOUM, SUDAN STUDIO TAM ASSOCIATI

PROGRAM

87

MACRO SCALE OF INCUBATOR

88

PROGRAM

Ideally, the use of the cultural incubator will lead to more activity, awareness, and demand for more cultural establishments in the city of St. Louis.

The momentum of a larger demand will create possibilities for the cultural group within the incubator to find a permanent setting outside of the incubator. In return, the urban fabric of St. Louis will continue to change and develop, hopefully becoming more representative of the population that live here.

89

MACRO SCALE OF INCUBATOR

CULTURAL INCUBATOR

90

Today

0.5 Years

0.75 Years

1.0 Year

1.25 Years

1.5 Years

1.75 Years

2.0 Years

PROGRAM

IN THE IMMEDIATE CONTEXT

2.25 Years

2.5 Years

2.75 Years

3.0 Years

3.25 Years

3.5 Years

3.75 Years

4.0 Years 91

MACRO SCALE OF INCUBATOR

HOW COULD IT CONTINUE TO MORPH THE URBAN FABRIC IN ST. LOUIS?

92

PROGRAM

INCUBATOR LOCATION 1 Dot = 15 People Foreign-born Population Possible locations Most diverse neighborhoods

93

03 PLACE WHERE WILL THE INCUBATOR BE LOCATED IN ST. LOUIS?

94

PLACE

? ? ? ? ?

95

OPTIONS FOR PLACE

Based on the analysis of permanent and temporary institutions, foreign-born population, and total population of neighborhoods, the next step is deciding where the program of the cultural incubator will be located.

There are two simple categories of where the project could intervene: within a diverse populous neighborhood or in between the diversity and densely populated. Both options are worth further analysis because either zones will offer different pros and cons to the performance of the program.

In the map to the right, the neighborhoods of St. Louis City are highlighted with a light shade of blue to indicate the most diverse and populated neighborhoods. On the other hand, the zones highlighted with a dark shade of blue indicate the possible neighborhoods that are in between the activity in the county.

96

PLACE

INCUBATOR LOCATION 1 Dot = 15 People Foreign-born population Possible locations in between activity Most diverse neighborhoods

97

OPTIONS FOR PLACE

OPTION 1: DOWNTOWN Pros: • • • • • • •

98

Cons: Urban density Variety of parks and restaurants Many temporary events Influx of people Public transportation Walkability Availability of sites

• • • • •

More of a center business district Not many art museums Sport events could conflict Too active Not located close to university

PLACE

Wash ing

ton Av

e.

St. Louis City Hall

Downtown Mark

et St

Tucke r

Blvd.

.

Gateway Arch

Busch Stadium

N

99

OPTIONS FOR PLACE

OPTION 2: MIDTOWN Pros: • • • • • • • •

100

Cons: Located close to university Variety of museums and churches Decent amount of temporary events Many theatres and stages Influx of students MetroLink stop Public transportation Availability of sites

• • • •

Less of a center business district Not very walkable Not very active Not many public parks

Grand

Blvd.

PLACE

Olive

St.

Saint Louis University

Market St.

erso Jeff

Midtown

nA ve.

Grand MetroLink

N

101

OPTIONS FOR PLACE

OPTION 3: SOULARD Pros: • • • • • • •

102

Cons: Residential density Variety of parks and restaurants Many temporary events Influx of people Close to Annheiser-Busch Ethnic neighborhood Soulard farmer’s market

• • • • • •

Too close to industrial district Not many permanent institutions Not active enough Not many sites available Not located close to university Poor public transportation

PLACE

Laf a

yet

te

Av

e.

McKinley Heights

Russ

ell B

7th

Blv

d.

lvd.

Soulard

Benton Park

Arse

Sidn

nal S

ey St

t.

.

Kosciusko

N

103

OPTIONS FOR PLACE

INTERVENING BETWEEN ACTIVITY

Jeff Vanderlou

Grand Center Central West End

Midtown

Forest Park South East

Botanical Heights

Tiffany The Gate District

104

PLACE

Inbetween Diversity In addition to the three options for place, the most critical aspect of intervention is the possibility of engaging in a less diverse neighborhood or area in St. Louis in order to make it more diverse and active. Otherwise, intervening in neighborhoods such as Central West End or Downtown, where the population is already diversified, the cultural incubator would not be as effective.

According to this design strategy, the best option out of the three previously analyzed is Midtown/ Grand Center.

Carr Square Columbus Square

Downtown West

Downtown

Lafayette Square

Peabody Darst Webbe

LaSalle Park

105

SELECTED SITE

Diverse Downtown

Proposed Site

Diverse Midtown

106

PLACE

SELECTED SITE IN MIDTOWN

Saint Louis Univeristy

N

107

SELECTED SITE

SELECTED SITE

Washin g

ton Av

Grand

Blvd.

e.

Olive

St.

Saint Louis University

N

108

PLACE

109

Av e

.

SELECTED SITE

Bell A

NS prin g

ve.

1

Grand Center

lvd.

16

ard Av N Leon

4

e.

aker B

.

N There

t.

Josep hine B

eS

3

sa Ave

29

Gra

2

11

Oliv

nd Blv d

.

10

23 30 6

Lindell

12

7

5

Blvd.

31 24 17 15

14

27

13

8

Park A v

e.

pton A ve.

Forest

Saint Louis University

Ave.

9

110

32

N Com

Lacled e

PLACE

SELECTED SITE

22

21

Dr.

Ma

rtin

Lu th

er

gD

r.

N Garr ison A

20

Frankli

n Ave.

Delma

Within the neighborhood, there are four temporary events in 2019, such as the Winter Jazz Fest, Circus Flora, Oktoberfest, and Cirque du Soleil Corteo. East of the Grand Center, there are only churches in the Midtown and Jeff Vanderlou neighborhoods. This shows the break between cultural activity and less active zones in Midtown.

r Blvd

.

Samu

Site Analysis The proposed site is located in the Grand Center neighborhood, north of Saint Louis University. Grand Center is composed as a center for the arts with its permanent instititutions such as museums, theatres, churches, artists lofts, and music stages. South of the proposed site, there are more permanent institutions, yet they are associated with the Saint Louis University campus.

ve.

N Card

inal Av e.

25

26

Kin

el She

pard D

r.

18

Neighborhood Zoning

Washin g

Proposed Site Commercial Multiple Family Residential Central Business District Neighborhood Commercial Industrial Unrestricted Theatre Musuem Church Park Library Temporary Events

ton Av

e.

Locus t

Olive

19

St.

Neighborhood Zoning Proposed Site Commercial Multiple Family Residential Central Business District Neighborhood Commercial Industrial Unrestricted Theatre Musuem The Sun Theatre The Grandel Church Powell Hall Park The Fabulous Fox Theatre Library Cinema St. Louis The Marcelle TheatreEvents Temporary

St.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. Metro Theatre 8. Tesseract Theatre 9. Chaifetz Arena 10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

28

N

Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis Pulitzer Arts Foundation The Saint Louis University Museum of Art Samuel Cupples House The Moto Museum

15. St. Francis Xavier College Church 16. Third Baptist Church 17. Washington Tabernacle MBC

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

Washington Metroplitan AME Zion Church Central Baptist Church St. John Missionary Baptist Church Leonard Baptist Church Union Missionary Baptist Church

23.

24.

25.

26.

Strauss Park SLU Dog Park and Sculpture Garden Chambers Park Norman Seay Park

27. Pius XII Memorial Library 28. AT&T Library and Technology Resource Center 29.

30.

31.

32.

Winter Jazz Fest at Grandel Square Circus Flora Oktoberfest at Urban Chestnut Brewery Cirque du Soleil Corteo at Chaifetz Arena

111

SELECTED SITE

SITE DOCUMENTATION

Site from Locust St. Above is a view of the site from Locust Street looking north onto the an existing parking lot which will be the location for the cultural incubator. The parking lot is bounded by a six-story residential building and an auto shop on the west edge. The parking lot is specific for Saint Louis University students and is located just north of the main SLU campus.

112

PLACE

Site from Washington Ave. Looking from the north edge of the site on Washington Avenue, the parking lot is bounded by a five-story building, Hotel Ignacio, and a motorcycle museum. Additionally, there is a direct view to the SLU campus and its copper patina clad roofs of the buildings located on Lindell Boulevard. The parking lot is subdivided into two halves because of a previous alley with utility poles.

113

SITE DOCUMENTATION

Washington Ave. East East of the site on Washington Avenue, there are several establishments along the street such as the Metro Theatre Company, the Big Muddy Dance Company, Bulrush STL Restaurant, and the Urban Chestnut Midtown Brewery and Biergarten.

These destinations on this street begin to stitch the gap between the activity in Downtown and Midtown, although it is not strong enough yet.

114

PLACE

Washington Ave. West The image above shows the view of Midtown’s busiest intersection from Washington Avenue, and the increase of density of the buildings on the street. The buildings indicate the activity present including businesses such as the Stage at KDHX, Sunrise Chinese, Strauss Park, and the Third Baptist Church. Lastly, there are two more large parking lots and street parking available for the public.

115

SITE DOCUMENTATION

Circus Flora Directly north across Washington Avenue, the lot of the Circus Flora is seen from the selected site. In the image above, the physical tent of the circus is not set up, but the structure of the circus remains erected year-round, even though the seasonal event under the Big Top is only available for one month of the year. The tent is set up months before the event for preparation and rehearsals.

116

PLACE

The Fox Theatre The site is located one block away from the busiest intersection of Midtown St. Louis. On Grand Avenue, there are many establishments that engage with the arts, such as the Fox Theatre shown in the image above. Other establishments include the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra at Powell Hall, the Kranzberg Arts Center Studio, the Grandel, and the Grand Center Arts Academy.

117

SITE DOCUMENTATION

Activity on Washington Ave. In the top image, there is a perfect example of infill lots on Washington Avenue that could be used in the future for the cultural groups intending to outgrow the incubator.

In the bottom image, across the street, there is a folk music school which is an extension of the KDHX building located west of the site. The folk school offers classes and workshops for anyone who is interested.

118

PLACE

Activity on Grand Blvd.

Both images depict outdoor activity on Grand Boulevard. The top image shows the SLU Dog Park and Sculpture Garden, and the bottom image shows the outdoor stage for the Harold and Dorothy Steward Center of Jazz in Strauss Park.

Both parks deal with communal gatherings and artistic programs such as music or art. These spaces would be strengthened with the incubator one block away.

119

04 POSSIBILITIE HOW COULD IT WORK?

120

Y

POSSIBILITIES

TIME

| RELIGION

PROGRAM SCALE

OF DAY

ACTIVITY

ES

TIME

ISINE | MUSIC | LANGUAGE | RELIGION

TY

UAGE | RELIGION

ACTIVITY

SMALL | MEDIUM | LARGE

PROGRAM SCALE

OF DAY

SMALL | MEDIUM | LARGE

TIME

PROGRAM SCALE

OF DAY

ART | CUISINE | MUSIC | LANGUAGE | RELIGION

SMALL | MEDIUM | LARGE

TIME OF DAY

PROGRAM SCALE SMALL | MEDIUM | LARGE

121

HOW COULD IT WORK?

MASSING STUDY

Layout of Incubator The complete area of the proposed site is roughly 75,000 sf, and the net square footage of the initial user groups totals to 20,500. Additionally, there should be at least another 10,00025,000 square feet designated for any incoming culture groups. Another program related to the incubator is the communal space that is critical to the gathering of people in addition to the cultural programs residing in the incubator.

Bakery 2,000 sf Art Studio 2,000 sf Brewery 15,000 sf Dance Club 10,000 sf Chapel 1,500 sf

122

20,500 nsf

User Groups

10,000 nsf

Incoming Groups

10,000 nsf

Communal

75,000 nsf

Proposed Site

POSSIBILITIES

Equally centralized

Divided

Touching Top Edge

123

HOW COULD IT WORK?

MASSING STUDY

Touching Bottom Edge

Skewed

Stacked

124

POSSIBILITIES

Scattered

Piazza

Tower

125

HOW COULD IT WORK?

POSSIBLE MODULAR TYPES

126

Food cart

Meditation class

Writing class

Bakery

Tailor

Chapel

Translator

Dance class

Artisan studio

Artisan class

POSSIBILITIES

Culinary class

Dance club

Theatre

Church

Communal dining

Market

Restaurant

Brewery

Recording studio

Music hall

127

HOW COULD IT WORK?

POSSIBLE CONFIGURATION

SMELL

BAKERY

CULINARY CLASS

FOOD CART

MARKET

ARTISAN STUDIO

TAILOR

DANCE CLASS

ARTISAN CLASS

CHAPEL

MEDITATION CLASS

MUSIC HALL

CHURCH

DANCE CLUB

RECORDING STUDIO

THEATRE

TRANSLATOR

BREWERY

COMMUNAL DINING

RESTAURANT

TOUCH

SIGHT

HEARING

TASTE

128

WRITING CLASS

POSSIBILITIES

Brewery

Dance Club

Bakery

Chapel

Artisan Studio

Brewery

Chapel Dance Club

Artisan Studio

Bakery

129

HOW COULD IT WORK?

STRUCTURE OF INCUBATOR

Possible Structure With a modular system, the incubator is free to take up any shape that will function best for the experience of the project. Although the spaces are free to explore, the structure should be one of the two options: interior latticed or solid exterior. Even though the final building will have a combination of both systems, it’s important to look into the primary system in order to see the way enclosures and circulation will be affected.

130

POSSIBILITIES

Open Lattice Structure

Closed Exterior Structure

131

HOW COULD IT WORK?

COLLAGED ATMOSPHERE

Open Lattice Structure

132

POSSIBILITIES

Closed Exterior Structure

133

WORKS CITED

WORKS CITED note

134

1

Janelle O’Dea, “St. Louis Third for Fastest-Growing Foreign-Born Population, New Census Data Shows,” stltoday.com, October 10, 2019, https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/st-louis-third-for-fastest-growing-foreign-born-population-new/article_cf256c4c-2a18-5dbd-ad40-863192b46bf6.html)

2

“St. Louis, MO,” Data USA, accessed December 18, 2019, https://datausa.io/profile/geo/st.-louis-mo/)

3

“Your Guide to 2019 St. Louis Fairs and Festivals This Spring and Summer,” Explore St. Louis, March 18, 2019, https://explorestlouis.com/your-guide-to-2019-st-louis-fairs-and-festivals-this-spring-and-summer/)

4

“Welcome to St. Louis Greek Festival 2019,” Welcome to St. Louis Greek Festival 2019 | St. Louis Greek Festival, accessed December 18, 2019, https://www.opastl.com/)

5

Festival of Nations, accessed December 18, 2019, http://festivalofnationsstl.org/)

6

Ibid.

7

Ibid.

8

“Hispanic Festival Inc.,” What is the Hispanic Festival Inc.?, accessed December 18, 2019, https://www. hispanicfestivalstl.com/)

9

Chinese Culture Days Festival at Missouri Botanical Garden, accessed December 18, 2019, http://events. missouribotanicalgarden.org/Chinese-Culture-Days)

10

Kathy Gilsinan, “Why Are There So Many Bosnians in St. Louis?,” CityLab, February 15, 2013, https://www. citylab.com/equity/2013/02/why-are-there-so-many-bosnians-st-louis/4668/)

11

https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/in-little-bosnia-a-gift-from-immigrants/article_e9f1f910-41f65335-ae9d-59181f8db4be.html

12

Melissa Meinzer, “Take a Walking Tour of Little Bosnia This Weekend,” St. Louis Magazine, June 9, 2016, https://www.stlmag.com/culture/take-a-walking-tour-of-little-bosnia-this-weekend/)

13

“The Hill,” Explore St. Louis, December 11, 2018, https://explorestlouis.com/things-to-do/neighborhoods/ the-hill/)

14

“Cherokee Street,” Explore St. Louis, December 11, 2018, https://explorestlouis.com/things-to-do/neighborhoods/cherokee-street/)

15

“Dewazakura Sake Brewery in Tendo, Yamagata,” Dewazakura Sake Brewery Co., accessed December 18, 2019, http://www.dewazakura.co.jp/en/)

16

“Tripoli’s Soap Making Tradition,” Lebanon Untravelled, accessed December 18, 2019, http://lebanonuntravelled.com/tripolis-soap-making-tradition/)

17

Ibid.

18

“A Foreigners Guide to Disco Polo,” Culture.pl, accessed December 18, 2019, https://culture.pl/en/article/a-foreigners-guide-to-disco-polo)

19

Chris Bethell and Kamila Rymajdo, “Inside the UK Revival of Disco Polo, Poland’s Most Divisive Music Genre,” Vice, April 23, 2018, https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/gym95y/inside-the-uk-revival-of-disco-polo-polands-most-divisive-music-genre)

20

Tom Eggebeen, “Christians in Sudan Face Increased Hostility,” Religion News Service, August 8, 2013, https://religionnews.com/2013/07/16/christians-in-sudan-face-increased-hostility/)

IMAGES CITED page

33

Jacqui Germain, “The Festival of Nations Celebrates the Rich Cultural Diversity of St. Louis,” Alive (Alive, August 19, 2019), https://www.alivemag.com/the-festival-of-nations-celebrates-the-rich-cultural-diversity-of-st-louis/)

35

Sarah Kloepple, “2017 Great Places in Missouri List Includes Two St. Louis Spots,” St. Louis Magazine, January 24, 2017, https://www.stlmag.com/news/american-planning-association-announces-2017-great-places-in-missouri/)

37

“Events,” Hispanic Festival STL, accessed December 18, 2019, https://www.hispanicfestivalstl.com/events/ greater-st-louis-hispanic-festival-1)

39

“5 Things To Do This Weekend in St. Louis 5/20 – 5/22,” Explore St. Louis, June 8, 2016, https://explorestlouis.com/5-things-weekend-st-louis-520-522/)

69

“Almojabanas,” Conalpan, accessed December 18, 2019, http://conalpan.com/newsite/menu/roasted-heirloom-carrots/) “Pan Queso,” Conalpan, accessed December 18, 2019, http://conalpan.com/newsite/menu/pan-queso/) “Pasteles,” Conalpan, accessed December 18, 2019, http://conalpan.com/newsite/menu/pasteles/) “Pasabocas,” Conalpan, accessed December 18, 2019, http://conalpan.com/newsite/menu/pasabocas/) Cristina, “Buñuelos Colombianos,” unacolombianaencalifornia.com, April 24, 2014, http://www.unacolombianaencalifornia.com/2012/11/bunuelos-colombianos/) “Chocolate Con Queso,” My Colombian Cocina - Chocolate con Queso, accessed December 18, 2019, https://www.mycolombiancocina.com/recipes/drinks/288-chocolate-con-queso) “Panaderia-Weston-Comida-Colombiana,” Pan o Pain, January 31, 2016, https://panopain.wordpress. com/2016/01/31/the-colombia-bread/panaderia-weston-comida-colombiana/)

70

Daniel Tapia, “Masa / Studio Cadena,” ArchDaily (ArchDaily, January 15, 2019), https://www.archdaily. com/909463/masa-studio-cadena) Ibid.

71

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

73

“Japanese Sake Service Set - 5 Pieces - Ceramic,” Behind The Bar | Enrich Your Pour, accessed December 18, 2019, https://www.behindthebar.com/japanese-sake-service-set-5-pieces-ceramic) “Japanese Sake Set Blue and White Porcelain Chinese Landscape Painting,” Casa Idea Wholesale, accessed December 18, 2019, http://casaideawholesale.com/japanese-sake-set-blue-and-white-porcelain-chineselandscape-painting/) “Dewazakura Sake Brewery in Tendo, Yamagata,” Dewazakura Sake Brewery Co., accessed December 18, 2019, http://www.dewazakura.co.jp/en/) Ibid.

Ibid.

135

WORKS CITED

page

74

Antonia Cayupe, “A Sake Brewery Addition / a-Um,” ArchDaily (ArchDaily, May 17, 2017), https://www. archdaily.com/871469/a-sake-brewery-addition-a-um) Ibid.

75

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

77

“Nablus Traditional Natural Certified Organic Olive Oil Soap,” The Stray Whisker, accessed December 18, 2019, https://www.thestraywhisker.com.au/nablus-natural-organic-certified-olive-oil-soap-traditional/) “Senteurs D’Orient - Mini Ma’amoul Tasting Box,” Net-A-Porter, accessed December 18, 2019, https://www. net-a-porter.com/us/en/product/1014511/senteurs_dorient/mini-ma-amoul-tasting-box) “Simple Castile Soap Recipe Full DIY Instructions,” Lovely Greens, July 9, 2019, https://lovelygreens.com/ simple-castile-soap-recipe-make-olive-oil-soap/) Ibid.

“Soul And Soap Is Proud to Be Stocking Aleppo Soap,” Soul and Soap, December 8, 2015, https://soulandsoap.co.uk/blogs/news/81138627-soul-and-soap-is-proud-to-be-stocking-aleppo-soap) “Tripoli’s Soap Making Tradition,” Lebanon Untravelled, accessed December 18, 2019, http://lebanonuntravelled.com/tripolis-soap-making-tradition/) “The Beauty of Soap Making,” 365 Days of Lebanon, June 8, 2016, https://365daysoflebanon. com/2016/06/08/the-beauty-of-soap-making/)

78

Karen Valenzuela, “Senteurs D’Orient Headquarters / Atelier130,” ArchDaily (ArchDaily, February 20, 2015), https://www.archdaily.com/597441/senteurs-d-orient-headquarters-atelier130) Ibid.

79

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

81

Chris Bethell and Kamila Rymajdo, “Inside the UK Revival of Disco Polo, Poland’s Most Divisive Music Genre,” Vice, April 23, 2018, https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/gym95y/inside-the-uk-revival-of-disco-polo-polands-most-divisive-music-genre) Ibid.

Ibid.

“A Foreigners Guide to Disco Polo,” Culture.pl, accessed December 18, 2019, https://culture.pl/en/article/a-foreigners-guide-to-disco-polo) “2nd Festiwal Disco Polo w USA Chicago,” Odeum Expo, accessed December 18, 2019, https://odeumexpo. com/event/festiwal-disco-polo-w-usa-chicago/)

136

page

82

“The Year / Estudio Guto Requena,” ArchDaily, February 26, 2016, https://www.archdaily.com/782678/ the-year-estudio-guto-requena) Ibid.

Ibid.

83

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

85

Tom Eggebeen, “Christians in Sudan Face Increased Hostility,” Religion News Service, August 8, 2013, https://religionnews.com/2013/07/16/christians-in-sudan-face-increased-hostility/) Noah Salomon, “For Love of the Prophet: The Art of Islamic State-Making in Sudan,” Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs, accessed December 18, 2019, https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/events/ for-love-of-the-prophet-the-art-of-islamic-state-making-in-sudan)

86

Nico Saieh, “Prayer & Meditation Pavillion / Studio Tam Associati,” ArchDaily (ArchDaily, April 24, 2009), https://www.archdaily.com/18901/prayer-meditation-pavillion-studio-tam-associati) Ibid.

87

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

137