HAKKA CENTER FOR THE ARTS | adaptive reuse of former school building

HAKKA CENTER FOR THE ARTS adaptive reuse of former school building

JILL SHIH-YAO HUANG | 03689754 | THESIS PROJECT | SPRING 2015 | ACADEMY OF ART UNIVERSITY | GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

GO LOI LIAU (Come over and have fun)!

CONTENTS 04

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ABSTRACT

RESEARCH

Starting Point About Hakka & Art Inspiration Design Concept

Site Analysis Building Analysis Client & User Profile

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CASE STUDIES

DEVELOPMENT

FOCUS AREAS

ABOUT

Yerba Buena for the Arts The Hakka Compound Miaoli Hakka Cultural Park MusĂŠe du Louvre-Lens Tverrfjellhytta

The Pond Programming Landscape Proposal Space Planning

Exterior Atrium Lobby Specialty Stands Multipurpose Theatre Exhibition Zones Gourmet Corners Roof Top Art Path

Autobiography Resume Bibliography

ABSTRACT

Starting Point About Hakka & Art Inspiration Design Concept

FACING PAGE A typical Hakka compound housing

Starting Point

Abstract

LEFT The scence of the unused class room in Fu-Dan Elementary School

In recent years Taiwan’s birth rate has been falling dramatically, according to the latest census1 conducted by the Department of Statistics of Taiwan. Some possible causes for this phenomenon may relate to economic development, late marriage, and the rise of bachelorism. At the same time, the child education industry faces emerging problems such as the surplus of teachers, reduction in classes, and consolidation of schools.

Fu-Dan Elementary School in Tao-yuan city is one prime example.

Due to the decrease in their student enrollment, Fu-Dan classrooms are increasingly empty. As an interior design student myself and a member of this local community, I am keenly aware of this social issue. I believe that with the proper course of actions, campus architectural treasures can become high-performing facilities rather than vacant spaces that gather mosquitoes instead of people.

In response to this problem, I propose a plan to renovate the old school building and integrate it with the regionally rich yet still-developing Hakka2 cultural resources. The objective is to evolve the Fu-Dan school into a community-friendly multi-purpose

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space that serves both educational and recreational functions. It could be a place for local Hakka people to gather, exchange, and share their distinctive traditions and artistic cultures such as language, crafts, food, music and more with others. It could also fulfill a demand for indoor activity space in the neighborhood. With this alternative space for locals to take refuge in, the Hakka people can enjoy their daily lives even during sweltering summers and humid winters. In the long run, by meeting the varying needs of residents, visitors, and cultural workers, the campus building will provide immense value to the local community.

1. Statistical Yearbook of Interior, Taiwan.

2. The Hakkas are a subgroup of the Han Chinese that originated in northern China.

“Hakka” was not originally a designation for a certain ethnic group living in a particular area.

It was used to refer to “guests” who had left their homelands to settle down in other parts of the country, in contrast to residents originally from the area. Taiwan is made up of several ethnic groups; currently, the Hakka are the second-largest ethnic group and compose about 20% of the total population in Taiwan.

About Hakka & Art The term “Hakka” (guests) has aroused much interest regarding the origin and history of these hospitable people. Though their origins still remain obscure, the people who became the Hakka are thought to have lived originally near Yellow River valley. In a series of migrations, the Hakkas moved and settled in their present locations in southern Chinese provinces, Southeast Asia, and beyond. While they belong to the Han Chinese majority, it is debatable whether those who call themselves Hakkas should be included as such, who in every respect bear the characteristics of Hakkas, or whether to consider the Hakkas as only those formally classified. Regardless of ethnic differences, however, their distinguishing dialects, cuisine, social customs, and culture practices become their symbolic identifiers.

Over centuries, Hakka people have learned to adapt to their new environments as they migrated from place to place. They have also developed a strong preservation of heritage and unity of community. Since they had arrived in areas with pre-existing natives, they were hardpressed in finding fertile, unoccupied places and had no choice but to settle in barren lands. In

spite of the environmental challenges they encountered, they formed not only the ability to endure hardship with diligence, but also brought forward an art of living.

Their mountain songs express their struggle to settle where no one had lived before. Their hill songs serve as a form of communication in hilly areas, since higher pitched sounds can travel farther than spoken words. The lyrics can also be a fun game among tea pickers where one answers a puzzle in the form of song with corresponding melodies. Innovative apparel is another great example. The Hakkas place great importance on thriftiness and environmental resourcefulness. Naturally they have made use of the most prevalent resource available— the flower from the leek— as a source of dye. Combining this dark blue dye with their clothes’ durable nature, the Blue Shirt has allowed the Hakka women to remain clean after a hard day’s work in the field.

Architecture is another significant art which embodies the Hakka spirit.

Given their agrarian lifestyle, they have unique architecture based on material availability, the need for defense, and communal living. Several basic ele-

ments are still retained, such as a memorial tablet for ancestors, a tanhao (showing where the family is from), and the use of bricks. The semi-closed courtyard house is the most common Hakka building type in Taiwan. The house usually sits away from a hill, facing a pond; the hill behind aids in defense while the pond out front is used to keep fish for food and to store water in case of emergency. In addition, the earth from digging the pond is used to make mud bricks.

Last but not least, their famous hearty cuisine demonstrates the Hakka essence: plain but savory, simple but long-lasting. The balance between texturized meat and seasonal vegetables are used in different combinations such that the ingredient contents are emphasized more than their appearance.

Furthermore, art spans a diverse range of activities and products. From the Hakka perspective, art is not created for art’s sake, but derived from daily works which go beyond its original functions and values.

Abstract

TOP LEFT Terraced rice paddies BOTTOM LEFT The use of river stones and rammed earth in an exterior wall

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RIGHT Raw rice balls in a bamboo tray on a symbolic Hakka printed table cloth

Inspiration

Abstract

LEFT Aeriel view of Taoyuan tableland with ponds shown as dark green spots

TOP RIGHT Ponds as irrigation system BOTTOM RIGHT A typical half-moon pond in front of a Hakka housing

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Once, when looking down from the sky, the spectacular view of countless shining ponds had earned Taoyuan the name “Land of Thousand Ponds”.However, many of the ponds have lost their irrigation function and are rapidly disappearing. Digging ponds to hold water is not rare in an agricultural society that grows water paddies, but ponds dug in such quantity, size and density are nowhere else to be found in the world. Taoyuan tableland lacks streams and could not grow water paddies during early periods. Yet, fortunately, Taoyuan tableland has a mild slope.

The red soil is also adhesive and good for holding water with pebble layers.

Besides their economic benefits, ponds have a deep influence on Hakka culture. The magnificent half-moonshaped pond in front of the house plays important roles in traditional Taiwan Hakka dwellings. Its practical functions are water supply, fire prevention, and children’s play pool, whereas its aesthetic benefits include the beauty of balance and its reverse reflection as an element of symmetry. The interconnected ponds form the core history of Hakka agriculture and record the human interactions shaped by village clusters and cultural patterns.

Design Concept A pond, an earth depression where water collects, often has a serene, shallow depth composition to it. The pond’s shallowness allows sunlight to penetrate to the bottom, which allows plants (i.e. lily pads, algae, floating, submerging, and emergent plants) to grow, and animals (i.e. birds, crayfish, small fish, and aquatic insects) to dwell. Pond plants either grow entirely underwater or partially on the surface.

Trees, shrubs, and wildflowers also grow along the pond’s edge. They form a symbiotic relationship, providing shade for other creatures beneath the water while benefiting from the nutrients provided.

Surprisingly, I found the ecosystem of the pond to have quite a harmonic dynamic. It is an excellent model for this project which emphasizes a welcoming atmosphere for the public. Great public spaces are “where celebrations are held, social and economic exchanges take place, friends run into each other, and cultures mix,” states the Project of Public Space. When the spaces work well, they serve as a stage for activities which results in a sustainable flow of energy in the lives of the public.

Those mirror-like irrigation ponds in Taoyuan were once sacrificed for the developing city, and now is the time to bring them back.

Abstract

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LEFT Abstracted pond fabric collage

by Drina Fried RIGHT Water surface of a lotus pond

RESEARCH

Site Analysis location vicinity climate demographics transportation Building Analysis history current condition building information Profiles client and partners FACING PAGE A tea picker at a tea plantation

target user groups

Site Analysis LOCATION Taiwan, an island on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean, lies off the southeastern coast of mainland Asia.

Taoyuan City is located in northern Taiwan, approximately 25 miles southwest away from the capital, Taipei. It is made up of low-lying plains, interconnected hills and plateaus, and occupies 417 square miles. Its shape has a long and narrow southeast-to-northwest trend, with the southeast in the mountains and the far end on the shores of Taiwan Strait.

At the edge of the Greater Taipei Region, Taoyuan has made great industrial, economic, and social changes in recent years. It has transformed from an agriculturally based city into a metropolitan city, developing into a major economic district in Northern Taiwan. Moreover, large numbers of passenger and freight transport has made Taoyuan International Airport the most important gateway between Taiwan and the outside world. Due to trade prosperity and the proliferation of job opportunities, the population has been increasing ever since. Accordingly, Taoyuan was reorganized from a county to a distinct municipality named Taoyuan City on December 25th in 2014.

The proposed project is located in Pingzhen district in Taoyuan city. Pingzhen district, along with its neighbor district Chungli, are the passage centers between south and north Taoyuan, and also the prosperous economic and education center of southern Taoyuan.

When the Hakka people from Guangdong immigrated to the area during the Qing Dynasty, the indigenous people retreated to the mountainside in the south. To ensure safe travel, local residents established checkpoints known as the “changluliao” in Hakka dialect.

When the population became more centralized and the place became stable, they named it “Pingzhen”, meaning the peaceful town. Since it is located in the middle part of a hilly plateau, the entire district is on a slope. To solve water supply and irrigation problems, a lot of ponds were built in the past.

Hundreds of ponds are preserved today, and they have become a distinctive feature of this district.

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TAOYUAN, TAIWAN HAKKA MIGRATION

PINGZHEN DISTRICT

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VICINITY The cultural diversity of Taoyuan City is paralleled by an equal abundance of natural attractions. Multitudinous Sunflower and Coreopsis are grown as green fertilizer, which is a great way to add nutrients to the soil and become delightful scenery. In addition, many Hakka historical documents and traditional buildings are retained in the area. The Department of Hakka Language & Social Sciences of National Central University established in 2003 is also the first college of Hakka Studies in Taiwan. It provides great resources to cultivate and expand diversity in Hakka culture. Taoyuan has also developed other distinctive attractions, such as Yiming Temple (the center of Hakka belief and where worship ceremonies take place), military communities, trails, bikeways, and also regional cuisines and specialties.

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Attractions nearby 1. The Sea of Flowers 2. Fruit Market 3. National Central University 4. Yiming Temple 5. The famous Beef Noodle 6. Taiwan High Speed Rail Taoyuan Station 7. Old Street Riverside Park 8. Chungli Night Market 9. Recreation Bike Path

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Research

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DEMOGRAPHICS

Ethnicity

Gender

Age

Education

Hakka Han Hoklo Han Aborigine Others

52% 36% 2% 10%

Male 50% Female 50%

0-14 15-29 30-59 60+

16% 22% 48% 14%

Gradute and higher College High school / Vocational school Junior high school or less

6% 38% 34% 22%

Taoyuan City has the fastest growing population among the six metropolitan municipalities of Taiwan. The population of Taoyuan is 2,061,501 with the average age 35.8 years old in the end of January 2015. People with active productivity (age15-65) make up about 70% of the total population, while the male-to-female ratio is fairly equal.

The city has a population density of 1,688.43 persons per square kilometer, and its population is increasing at a rate of one to two thousand per month.

Note that Taoyuan is sitting at the intersection of Hoklo, the largest cultural-linguistic group in Taiwan, and Hakka people in Northern Taiwan.

With over 785,000 Hakka individuals, Taoyuan City consists of the largest amounts of Hakka people within all administrative divisions in Taiwan, while Pingzhen District is part of the “Main Hakka Culture Development Zones” with more than 60% comprised of the Hakka population. Some people from mainland China have also settled at the Military Dependents’ Village in Taoyuan after the retreat of the Nationalist government in 1949. Furthermore, most of the aborigines in Taoyuan belong to the Atayal tribe and live near the hillside of Central Range.

CLIMATE Taoyuan has a warm, humid, temperate climate with hot summers and no dry season. Over the course of a year, the temperature typically varies from 55°F to 92°F. The most common forms of precipitation are moderate rain, light rain, and thunderstorms. Typical wind speeds vary from 2 mph to 23 mph (light air to fresh breeze), and the wind most often comes from the northeast (34% of the time).

TRANSPORTATION Public transportation is well-developed in the area. The routes connect most of the traffic hubs and network nodes such as the train station, shopping zones, schools, residential quarters, and so on. Furthermore, National Highway No. 1 is connected via local highways to the project site, and nearby National Highway No. 2 connects to Taoyuan International Airport. Taiwan Railway Chungli station is the 3rd busiest train station in Taiwan which provides easy access to other cities. In addition, Taiwan High Speed Rail is just a 15-minute drive from Chungli downtown with free shuttle buses running every 15–20 minutes during operation hours. Also, the Mass Rapid Transit system branch from Taipei is under construction and estimated to be finished in 2019.

Research

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Daily Sunrise & Sunset

Daily High and Low Temperature

Types of Precipitation throughout a Typical Year

Project location Main traffic Bus stops Residential zone Commercial zone Public area

Building Analysis

Research

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HISTORY

LEFT Current condition of the selected site and building

The selected building is in the campus of Fu­-Dan Elementary School, founded on August 1, 1984. The main classroom buildings, activity center, library, and other facilities were completed by 1995. The name of the school, Fu-Dan, means “sunrise again” in Mandarin Chinese. The rise of the sun implies the new start of the day, and it goes round and round in an endless progressive cycle. The school is committed to provide a safe and happy learning environment that will enable students to deal with the tasks posed by a fast-changing society.

Especially noteworthy about the school are its classes to support talents in dance and band music. Established in 1996 and 2002, respectively, the school offers performing arts courses such as ballet, modern dance, Chinese classic, and improvisation for selected students ranging from grades three to six. Professional musical training includes instruments such as woodwind, brass, percussion families, and the double bass. Resource classrooms for students with special needs are provided as well.

Another feature of the school is the innovation of a second-hand toys resource center. It has become the most

famous place on campus as well as an important exchange center for distributing toys to other neighborhoods.

CURRENT CONDITIONS When I interviewed the officer of Academic Affairs of Fu-Dan Elementary School, he noted that there are currently about 30 classes with 802 students at the school based on Fall 2014 attendance. “Classes are being merged, and extra classrooms continue to spring up due to the decline of students.” said Mrs. Chang, the chief of registrar shrugged her shoulder. The total number of classes has dropped from 53 to 30 in fifteen years while the reduction rate is around 45%. Almost half of the existing building space remains to be adapted for different purposes. Empty space is steadily growing in the selected building. The third and fourth floors are already abandoned, while the first and second floors will be discharged in the near future. Currently, the vacant spaces are used as indoor activity rooms from time to time, otherwise they are not utilized.

BUILDING INFORMATION Fu-Dan Elementary School is built on the land (Taoyuan City Land Administration # 100299-0668-0000) for educational use and is surrounded by residential and commercial areas. The selected building is a typical institutional building which has four stories above ground with the same square footage, and an underground basement. Level one is four feet above ground level (eight risers of stairs). The building is constructed by reinforced concrete with a facade of ceramic tiles.

Steel reinforcing bars were embedded passively within the concrete before the concrete was set so as to resist tensile stresses and to improve the behavior of the structure under working loads and earthquakes. In general, the common wall between classrooms is made of bricks. There are more walls going in a Y-direction than in an X-direction.

Building Type: Reinforced concrete Built year: 1985 Building Height: 52 ft Number of level: 4 above ground & 1 underground Total Square Footage: 58,970 sq ft

1. Entrance 2. Playground 3. Classrooms 4. Auditorium & Second-hand Toy Exchange Center 5. Library and Offices 6. Activities Open Space 7. Classrooms 8. Outdoor Theatre 9. Playgournd Equipment 10. Botanical Garden 11. Community Park 12. Community Center for Women and Children

Research

TOP LEFT The south-facing side of the project building BOTTOM LEFT An adjacent playground on the campus

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RIGHT The linear corridor of the building

Basement

UP UP

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The only level underground, the basement, takes up to 5,690 ft2. There are two stairways connected to it which serve as its access points. The basement is usually empty and locked. Alternatively, it could possibly serve as an indoor activity space for PE or other classes when it’s raining outside or a bigger space is needed. Since it is below ground level, the room is relatively humid compared to the upper levels.

However, there are clerestories located high in the south-facing walls which allow natural sunlight and breezes to reach the interior. The ventilators also help to create better air circulation.

The existing outdoor theatre is the most eye-catching corner at level one.

Located between the office building and classrooms, surrounded by the royal palms and the corridors, the open-air theatre is made of concrete and remains unpolished. The side wall of the office building, which is also the stage background, is brightly colored with water-repellent paints. Based on my observation, students and even residents who visit there during the offschool hours really enjoy themselves either on the stage or around the seating steps. Group games, informal presentations, or even snacks-eating are popular activities that take place there.

Level 2

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The interior layout from the first floor to the fourth floor is essentially the same, and the area is about 12,500 square feet each level. There are ten 29’x25’ (around 750 ft2) rectangular classrooms on each floor, with lavatories for boys and girls located at the end of the corridor on both sides. Three extra sinks are provided on the side of the corridor for teachers’ and students’ convenience. Enclosed by a 3.5-feet high concrete guardrail, the linear corridor is about 350’ long and 8’ wide. It carries the main horizontal traffic flow of the building while it is also connected with four stairways that provide the vertical circulation.

The only difference between levels one, two, three and four is the number of passageways toward the adjacent office building. One of the two passageways that adjoins the outdoor theatre stops at the second floor, which also serves as the balcony for the outdoor theatre.

Profiles CLIENT

PARTNERS

Hakka Affairs Bureau of Taoyuan [i] is a branch of The Hakka Affairs Council, which is a newly restructured office established on January 1, 2012.

The office carries on the mission of revitalizing the Hakka language and culture. It endeavors to strengthen the Hakka identity with happiness, confidence and dignity. It also takes upon the task of making itself a global Hakka cultural research and exchange center, with the vision of uplifting and enriching the lives of Hakka people all over the world.

Since its establishment, the association has actively promoted Hakka affairs, leading Hakka cultural development and establishing Hakka’s indispensable status in Taiwan’s multicultural population. The association and its budget has continued to receive more than a 20% increase in annual growth from the government. With the aims of preserving the landscape of Hakka settlements and reviving Hakka culture for broad accessibility, the Bureau of Taoyuan is open and willing to support plans for creating a Hakka living environment.

The College of Hakka Studies [ii] is a part of National Central University estaablished in August 2003. It is the world’s first institute of its kind. The college focuses on the study of Hakka culture and seeks to target all factors required for the preservation, promotion, and sustainable development of Hakka culture. The college emphasizes the use of research methodology in the arts, humanities, and social sciences, and values harmony in cultural diversity. They offer in-depth studies of Hakka including language, literature, history, society, culture, politics, economics, laws and regulations, with the hopes of becoming the most distinguished local institution of higher education.

Tung Hakka Cuisine [iii] owns three branch restaurants in Taipei. Tung Hakka Cuisine has launched a new stronghold in Taoyuan in 2014.

In the pursuit of sophisticated Hakka food, Tung has inherited the traditional essence but has also modified its recipes with elements of various foreign culinary styles. These blends have emerged as an attempt to make the Hakka food healthier and more visually delightful for either casual or formal occasions. Tung presents the Hakka

fusion dishes with stories which can reveal local culture, weather conditions, and even geographic features.

Lovely Taiwan Foundation [iv] is involved in the establishment of a better culture of villages and towns in Taiwan. WK Technology Fund Chairman, Wen C. Ko, created the Lovely Taiwan Foundation in the spring of 2009 to showcase the variety of goods Taiwan has to offer and to shed light

on a comfortable, simplistic lifestyle and relaxing peace of mind. The Lovely Taiwan Shop is a part of the project. Its mission is to keep the native culture of Taiwan alive by providing a long-term, stable sales platform for tribal workers to sell their wares. Profits from the sales go directly to the indigenous communities. It is an ideal place to pick up trinkets and souvenirs whilst doing public good by compensating hardworking, multi-talented artisans.

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USER GROUPS Residents The center will be a comfortable place for residents from all walks of life to take a leisurely stroll, meet up with friends, enjoy tea, desserts or meals, do light reading , or simply hang around during weekdays. The place will be especially popular among families on weekends. Office workers in the neighborhood may take a break and have a meal with coworkers during lunch time.

It will be an inviting place for everyone to relax at the end of a long day.

Students Field trips are popular for small classes as well as independent studies. By learning stories from different people, having hands-on experiences, playing with interactive installations, joining workshops and events, or even tasting a variety of food, students can appreciate the Hakka culture and art in an informal but effective way.

Culture & Art Lovers The center is an attraction even for oneday trip tourists and families. Activities like festival celebrations, food-tasting, tea-grounding, crafts-making, music concerts, creative workshops and more are held, which provide fun and friendly ways to engage with the Hakka culture and experience its lively beauty.

CASE STUDIES

YBCA The Hakka Compound Miaoli Hakka Cultural Park MusĂŠe du Louvre-Lens Tverrfjellhytta

FACING PAGE Fallen Tung blossoms floating on water surface

Yerba Buena Center for the Arts Opened with international acclaim in October 1993, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts (YBCA) is a multi-disciplinary contemporary arts center in San Francisco, California, United States. Located in the lively three acres Yerba Buena Gardens, YBCA features visual art, performance, and film/video that celebrates local, national, and international artists and the Bay Area’s diverse communities. YBCA year-round programs are held in two landmark buildings—the Galleries and Forum by Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki, and Theater by American architect James Stewart Polshek and Todd Schliemann.

To serve a continuously changing program, the facility includes daylit galleries, a white box gallery, screening theater, cafe, gift shop, and flexible forum space. The lighting is predominately concealed so as not to detract from the art and architecture of the building.

YBCA’s special initiatives include facilitating culturally-relevant work by artists in their own home communities, providing youth with opportunities to receive arts training and leadership development, and creating unique experiences and access to YBCA’s full calendar of programs for adults seeking more art in their lives.

Case Studies

CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT The grand lobby of the galleries; current YBCA layout; Mark Bradford Rackroom;

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special curatorial project with Rirkrit Tiravanija; a concert at the Yerba Buena gardens

The Hakka Compound Operating since April 2010, the Hakka Yard has been working on creating physical and spiritual Hakka experience. Located in LOHAS Tung Blossom Park in Tongluo, Miaoli, Taiwan, the yard integrates traditional elements of three-section compound housing from different Hakka villages.

Antique furniture and daily necessities are displayed in the manners that resemblance how ancient Hakka people had lived their lives. The interior area is around 11,000 ft2 and is surrounded by a greenish yard with Tung blossoms.

The basic layout shows the beauty of simplicity with symmetry, while the materials perform the balance of rustic bricks, clay tiles, decorative and structural wood elements, and cement. The vents at the higher walls improve the air circulation and help to reduce energy usage, rendering the interior comfortable in all seasons; stay cool in the summer and warm in the winter.

The expansion plan of the Hakka Yard is ongoing. It includes the Hakka folk outdoor theatre, a learning center, a gateway, exhibition rooms, lodges, vegetable garden, half-moon pond, and more. The final goal is to combine nature, Hakka humanity, and the spirit of hospitality, thereby creating a new Hakka village for not only the locals but also for its visitors.

Case Studies

CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT The exterior view from the yard; back view of the compounds; Tung

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tree blossom; hallway with wood beam framworks; a shrine for gods and ancestral tablets at the main hall

Miaoli Hakka Cultural Park Open since May 2012, the 2.4-acre Miaoli Hakka Cultural Park is located in Tongluo Science Park and established as the global exchange and research center for Hakka culture and industry.

The park is designed in accordance with the area’s topography with a low density profile.

The overpass at the park entrance leads to a Permanent Exhibition on the second floor where the moving stories of Taiwan Hakka immigrants are told.

The first floor is set with several theme rooms for different displays such as Taiwan Hall, Global Hall, Children Hall and Cultural and Creative Industry Hall which reflect the profound meaning of the Hakka heritage. The supplementary facilities in the park include a DIY experience area for families, a classroom as well as a multi-media theatre that shows great Hakka films. The main stage of the square shows various yearround artistic and cultural activities such as Hakka music and performances by social groups as well. Through these means, the center actively makes Hakka culture accessible to its visitors.

Case Studies

CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT Aerial view of the park; exhibition room; floral mosaic at the steps of out-

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door theatre; a traditional Hakka culture show; visitors trying Hakka outfits with interactive screens

MusÊe du Louvre-Lens By positioning the Louvre-Lens museum on a former major coal mine, the design intends to illustrate its transformation while retaining the richness of its industrial past. After the mine’s closure in 1960, it had gradually been overtaken by nature.

For the museum, Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa from the SANAA architectural firm created a soft transition into the site with a low, easily accessible structure. The transparent glass structure of 28,000 square meters extends over 360 meters long from one end of a central foyer to the other. It is made up of five buildings made of steel and glass. There are four rectangles and one large square, and their angles meet with slightly curved walls.

In addition, the facades are in polished aluminum, through which the park is reflected, ensuring continuity between the museum and the surrounding landscape. Natural light is controlled by means of a concealment device in the roof and interior shades forming the ceiling. These adaptive surfaces respond to the change of seasons, hours and exhibitions.

Case Studies

CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT Floor-to-roof glass panels; the courtyard; natural light controlled by ceiling

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louvers; curved forms in the interior; exterior view in the evening

Tverrfjellhytta Tverrfjellhytta, the Norwegian Wild Reindeer Centre Pavilion, is located at Hjerkinn on the outskirts of Dovrefjell National Park, overlooking the mountain Snøhetta. The 900 ft² building is open to the public and serves as an observation pavilion for the Wild Reindeer Foundation educational programs. A 0.9 mile hiking trail leads visitors to this spectacular site overlooking the Dovrefjell Mountains.

The mountains hold a unique place in Norwegian consciousness through a wide range of tales and myths. It has a long history of travelers, hunting, mining, and military activities which have left their mark on this landscape. The building design is based on a contrast between ideas: a rigid outer shell and a soft, inner core. The wooden core is shaped like rock or ice that has been eroded by natural forces like wind and running water, and is placed within a rectangular frame of raw steel and glass. Using digital 3D-models to drive the milling machines, Norwegian shipbuilders in Hardangerfjord created the organic shape from 10 inch square pine timber beams. The wood was then assembled in a traditional way using only wood pegs as fasteners. The pavilion is a robust yet nuanced building that gives visitors an opportunity to reflect on this vast and rich landscape.

Case Studies

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CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT

timber in organic

Mountain Snøhetta

night; the transpar-

and pavilion; obser-

ent yet reflective

vation area; pine

facade

shapes; exterior at

DEVELOPMENT

The Pond Programming scope of work matrix circulation diagram sustainability Landscape Proposal Space Planning preliminary layouts floor plans FACING PAGE The process of indigo dye

The Pond The pond ecosystem— a basic unit in ecology formed from the cohabitation of plants, animals, microorganisms, and a surrounding environment— refers to a community of freshwater organisms largely dependent on each of the surviving species in order to maintain a chain of life cycles.

As the pond collects water and becomes a water supply system, the Hakka Center for the Arts gathers people in and beyond the neighborhood; the center brings together not only people but also a variety of opportunities and resources. Based on how people access the building, the landscape design is formed. In addition, with four stories above ground and a basement, the project building itself comprises different layers of activities, as the diverse lives occupy different habitats in a pond.

The newly constructed atrium opens up the space from first floor to the rooftop, bringing more natural sunlight and fresh air into the building, as well as connecting stories with stairs and ramps that improve circulation and interactions among users. In terms of the form development, the fluidity of water softens the rigid lines of the concrete institutional building, thereby extending the flexibility of limited space.

TOP LEFT A pond ecosystem BOTTOM LEFT A look inside the thriving pond by Nicolle R. Fuller

Case Studies

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CONCEPT DIAGRAMS

Programming

Culture, art, and community are the core elements of the Hakka Center for the Arts. The center is a collaborative joint between industry, government, academia, civic groups, and art troupes.

It features an atrium lobby, assembly areas (such as a multipurpose theatre, food and agriculture specialties stands), gift shop, temporary exhibition, permanent exhibitions (inclusive of interactive stations and displays in the fields of Hakka dialect, folk music, fashion, and crafts), gourmet corners (a refined Hakka restaurant, and a Hakka pestle tea house), and an art path at the rooftop garden. The final goal of the center is to create a lively atmosphere that people feel free to hang around and enjoy their lives through “living� arts.

Taking the convenience of accessibility, the quality of daylight, acoustics, and relation to outdoor views into consideration, the general layout is developed as the section diagram shown on the right. Spaces that hold more business activities and gather larger numbers of people during high traffic are located at the first floor, connecting to the platform in the landscape, which extends toward the open space in front of the building. The total designed indoor area is around 40,947 ft2, while the landscape portion is around 89,000 ft2.

1: Atrium

8: Office

2: Multi-purpose Theatre

9: Dialect & Music Zone

3: Gift Shop

10: Fashion & Craft Zone

4: Food & Specialties Stands

11: Restaurant

5: Media Room

12: Tea House

6: Exhibition Lobby

13: Rooftop Art Garden

7: Temporary Exhibition

14: Storage & Back of House

Case Studies

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MATRIX CRITERIA MATRIX

SQ FOOTAGE

ADJACENCY

OCCUPANT LOAD

PUBLIC ACCESS

DAYLIGHT / VIEW

PRIVACY

PLUMBING

SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

89,000

2, 4, 5

-

H

Y

L

Y

N

A welcoming public space with Hakka elements

CONSIDERATIONS

1

OUTDOOR PARK

2

ATRIUM LOBBY

3,883

1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12

39

H

Y

L

N

N

Sufficient sun light, clear way-finding

3

CULTURAL CREATIVE GIFT SHOP

1,470

2, 4

49

H

I

L

N

N

Display products with showcases fixtures and movable cabinets

4

MULTI-PURPOSE THEATRE

3,684

1, 3

257

H

N

L

N

Y

No fixed seats. Equipped with multimedia entertainment system. Great sound insulation.

5

SPECIALTY STANDS

3,380

1, 2

166

H

I

L

Y

Y

ADA seatings

6

PERMANENT EXHIBITION LOBBY

1,380

2, 8, 9

46

H

I

L

N

N

Informational and vibrant atmosphere

7

MEDIA ROOM

964

6

48

M

N

L

N

Y

2 ADA seatings required

8

PERMANENT EXHIBITION

10,400

6, 9, 11

296

H

I

M

N

Y

Four zones: Language, Music, Fashion, and Craft. Open, semi-open, and private room provided.

9

TEMPORARY EXHIBITION

2,106

2, 6, 8

66

H

N

L

N

N

Movable partitions and flexible furniture combinations

10

HAKKA RESTAURANT

3,800

2, 11, 12

168

H

Y

L

Y

Y

Partner with the Tong restaurant. ADA seatings.

11

TEA HOUSE & DESSERT

2,800

2, 8, 10, 12

120

H

Y

L

Y

Y

Big tables for tea grounding. ADA seatings.

12

ROOF TOP

7,080

2, 10, 11

122

H

Y

L

Y

N

Path with art works

13

OFFICE

1,430

9

12

L

Y

H

N

N

An administrative office, a team station and a meeting area. Inclusive of a pantry area and print/copy room

TOTAL DESIGNED AREA : 40,947 SQ FT H = High

M = Medium

L = Low

Y = Yes

N = No/None

CIRCULATION Main user entrances and exits are located at the front (north-facing side) of the building, while maintenance staff and employees access the building from the opposite side via the back gates. For the main users, their entrance is located at the atrium lobby adjacent to the atrium stairways and ramps. Two secondary entrances are provided at the sides; one leads to food and agriculture specialty stands and another goes directly to the gift shop and multi-purpose theatre. Meeting both the California Code of Regulations and the Standard of Public Safety ruled by Ministry of Interior of Taiwan, two evacuation ground-to-roof semi-outdoor staircases are provided at both ends of the rectangular building, which operate as service stairways under normal conditions. Also two elevators that provide convenient vertical circulation are located at approximately the one-third and two-third points on the diagonal of the building, while an additional staff-only service elevator reaches all floors.

Case Studies

|53

SUSTAINABILITY Sustainable design strategies will be conducted to create a productive and healthy indoor environment. First, the project is constructed on a previously developed site which corresponds to the idea of limits to growth in the Living Building Challenge. Second, the main entrances of the building will be relocated to the north facing side not only for the purposes of independent operation of Hakka Center for the Arts and campus safety, but the switch in orientation also maximizes sun exposure for effective daylighting and passive solar controls. The air-conditioned atrium by computer simulation along with high performance low-emissivity glazing also help the daylighting, thermal and ventilation controls. Third, waste materials from the remodeling demolition and construction such as metals, concrete, bricks, and soil will be reused in the project. In addition, the adaptive use of natural light, plants, and artwork unite the physical building with the outdoors. Research across many disciplines suggests that contact with nature and its beauty can improve people’s psychological well-being and creativity. Besides being a shelter from bad weather, the building benefits people on a deeper level by connecting them to nature.

Landscape Proposal

Landscape is always more than just scenery. It is the interaction between people and place; it is used as the bedrock upon which visitors immerge in art and learn about Hakka stories. Hakka culture, respect for environment, and healthy enjoyment are principle ideas in the blueprints.

Composed of a welcoming banyan tree at the side of the main entrance, a half-moon pond in front of the Hakka Center for the Arts building, as well as the recreational terrace beside the micro water paddy field with ecological irrigation channels and water wheels, the park was designed with the life and cultural experiences of the Hakka people in mind. Every section has its own meaning. A giant Banyan tree was always planted in the village and acted as the landmark in early Taiwanese society. The tree provided a cool, shaded place for the villagers to gather and for merchants to sell their goods. As mentioned earlier in the book, the pond is usually created in the shape of a halfmoon in front of a Hakka compound. It is usually bordered with pebbles which signifies bringing together happiness and wealth, and the balance of Yin and Yang; two halves that become whole.

Practically, it serves the functions of

water supply, fire rescue and fish raising. The terrace part of the landscape echoes one of the distinctive features of Hakka agriculture from early centuries.

In agriculture, the terrace is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of platforms like steps to enable more effective farming. In this project, the terrace provides recreational seating for people to appreciate the park in different angles and heights. To make good use of existing resources, the base materials are made up of soil, rocks and other waste materials from the remodeling construction.

The park was designed around seasonal scenery. Existing plants were preserved, while new trees and flowers associated with the Hakka people, including sweet osmanthus and Chinese enkianthus, were planted around the grounds. Furthermore, traditional Hakka components are celebrated by materials such as rustic red bricks, crushed shell on cement, river rocks, and the word-cherish pavilion. As an old Hakka adage goes, “To plow the fields when the sky is clear, and to read the books when it rains.� In every Hakka household, a used-paper basket could be found underneath the family altar. A used-paper collector would visit

Case Studies

|55

BOTTOM A halfmoon pond, recreational terrace, and rooftop garden are the main features in the landscape

homes to collect those papers for incineration at the pavilion, which was a symbol of respect for the written word.

Accordingly, the pavilion became the symbol of the Hakka people’s respect for knowledge.

Other sustainable design strategies are applied to the land and environment as well. For example, installing a green roof helps to cool the building during the summer and minimizes heating needs in the winter, recirculating pond water and using drip irrigation to prevent the growth of insect pests, and maximizing water efficiency at the same time. Since there is barely a dry season throughout the year, rainwater harvesting becomes very important. Storm and rain water will be collected and used for interior water installation art, as well as irrigation and toilet flushing. Permeable brick paving also allows natural infiltration and becomes underground water. In brief, the landscape offers aesthetic enjoyment, relaxation, and a sense of belonging to the site with distinct natural and cultural identities.

Focus Areas

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CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT

landscapeview from

a deck and a slope

the interior; the

are constructed to

a section illustrating

opening in elevator

connect ground floor

the terrace and

wall connecting the

and first level

the water wheel;

indoor with outdoor;

Space Planning BASEMENT Collection, storage, and distribution are the chief functions of the basement. Only accessible by staff members, it is a transport center as well as a central command center for back-ofhouse services. The basement encompasses all the behind-the-scenes areas such as machine and electrical control, janitorial room, garbage room, break room, changing area, and so on which visitors will not see but are essential to the center’s operations.

Focus Areas

5 1

2

3

UP

UP

4 6

7

8

9

10

11

12

40 FT

20

10

5

0

Back of House

1. Service Elevator

5. Electrical & Elevator Room

9. Specialty Storage

2. Elevator Machine Room

6. Garbage Room

10. Gift Shop Storage

3. Monitoring Room

7. Janitor’s Room

11. Locker & Changing Room

4. Staff Break Room

8. Restaurant Storage

12. Gallery Storage

|59

LEVEL ONE Level 1 is the busiest zone of the entire building with its high traffic flow and complex activities. Connected with six stairways and three elevators, it controls the traffic arteries. The atrium lobby is the most important component of this floor as well as the whole building, because it links different levels with circular two-way paths. The atrium lobby also acts as an integration hub where a variety of spaces meet in harmony.

Focus Areas

13 DN

DN

UP UP

14

UP

4

5

6

DN

12 7

10

DN

11

UP

2

3

1

DN

9

8

DN

40 FT

Atrium Lobby

Multipurpose Theatre

Specialty Stands

20

10

5

0

Others

4. House

8. Stands

11. Gift shop

2. Information

5. Stage

9. Seating Area

12. Gift Shop Counter

3. Seating Area

6. Backstage

10. Food Preparation

13. Outdoaor Theatre

1. Entrance

7. Service Counter

14. Recieving

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LEVEL TWO The exhibition areas start from the second floor and continue to the third floor for ease of operation and accessibility. Visitors reach the lobby of the permanent exhibition when they either step up the atrium stairway or walk out from the elevator. A media room immediately next to the lobby provides a thorough introduction to the services of the center. Furthermore, the temporary exhibition zone is an open space with

movable partitions that caters to different festival display needs. It is connected to the lobby via a hallway with a view of the outdoor theatre.

Focus Areas

10

UP

11 1

2

11

UP

7 DN

3

4

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4

9

6

5 UP

8 40 FT

Multipurpose Theatre

Exhibition Areas

Atrium

20

10

5

0

Others

1. Control Room

3. Media Room

7. Hallway

9. Administration Office

2. Balcony

4. Information/ Ticket

8. Rising Walkway

10. Outdoor Theatre Deck

5. Exhibition Lobby 6. Temporary Exhibition

11. Storages

LEVEL THREE The third floor is the venue for various Hakka artistic activities, productions, and displays. Four themes, which are folk music, dialect, fashion and crafts in sequence, are arranged into two zones based on acoustic requirements and given activity. Interactive machines and furniture clusters are provided so as to create a vivid and playful environment. Extra storage and lockers are planned to contain tools, equipment and personal belongings.

Focus Areas

UP UP

11

11

9

13

1

UP

2

3

4

12

5

7 8

6

DN

10

Exhibition Areas

Exhibition Areas

Atrium

40 FT

20

10

Others

1. Interactive Music Machines

5. Dialect Stations

9. Hallway

11. Storages

2. Music Playing Room

6. Fashion Display

10. Rising Walkway

12. Information

3. Music Appreciation

7. Photo Booth

4. Conversation Booths

8. Crafts DIY Zone

13. Lockers

5

0

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LEVEL FOUR This level strives to provide a “Hakka style “dining experience with refined cuisines and tea. The Hakka fusion restaurant has a combination of petal-like booths, round tables, and private rooms. Booths provide a more intimate dining environment, while other tables and chairs are more flexible. Cooking will take place at the front part of the kitchen which is enclosed by transparent glazing available for diners

to view. For the tea house, smaller tables and bar stools with pleasant views cater to small parties and individuals, while larger tables at the spacious corners allow big groups to enjoy the fun of tea grounding.

Focus Areas

UP UP

9 1

6 2

3

4

5 UP

8 7

10 40 FT

Hakka Fusion Restaurant

Pestle Tea House

20

Atrium

1. Dining Zone

5. Counter

9. Hallway

2. Private Room

6. Kitchen & Preparation

10. Rising Walkway

3. Kitchen/ Cooking show

7. Lounge & Bar

4. Reception Desk

8. Tea Grounding Area

10

5

0

|67

ROOFTOP Although the rooftop is the farthest place from the ground, it is attractive enough to be a prime walking destination for many visitors. Wandering along the atrium from level one toward the top can be an engaging process as the view expands in diverse perspectives. The path guides people to appreciate the artwork displays between the plants, planks and the seats at the pavilion. The herb garden, which is

located right above the tea house and adjacent to the service stairway, offers ingredients for tea brewing.

Focus Areas

6 8 7

2

1 4

3

6

5

Rooftop Garden

Atrium

1. Path of Art

4. Rain Water Installation

2. Tung Oil-paper Pavilion

5. Rising Walkway

3. Herb Garden

6. Main Accesses

Back of House 7. HVAC

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FOCUS AREAS

Exterior Atrium Lobby Specialty Stands Muiltipurpose Theatre Exhibition Zones temporary exhibition interactive stations & display Gourmet Corners tung fusion restaurant FACING PAGE A Hakka dish consisting of tofu and vegetables stuffed with fish paste

hakka ground tea house Rooftop Art Path

Exterior The transparent high performance low-emissivity glazing not only helps the daylighting, thermal and ventilation controls of the building, but also expands the vision for people either side of the structure. Visitors themselves take part in the view by crossing the bridge upon the half-moon pond, wandering around the wood deck, and appreciating the reflection and refraction of the shallow water. Traditional Hakka components are celebrated by materials such as rustic red bricks, crushed shell embedded in cement and river rocks.

Focus Areas

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LEFT Ambient lights are set along the rustic ramp RIGHT The pond mirrors the building day and night

RIGHT The high performance glazing utilzing the daylighting and thermal control of the building

Focus Areas

|75

MAIN ENTRANCE

Atrium Lobby Ramps and stairs weave through the atrium and become a significant feature of the center. The ramps are sticking out from the original building structure, which creates an interesting experience walking in and out the boundaries both physically and environmentally. The atrium is not only an intersection of traffic circulation, but also a melting pot where a variety of spaces and activities meet. The rough surface of the existing concrete has a high contrast with sleek and clear

glazing, while the warm-gray polished flooring neutralizes them and mirrors the surrounding harmony. The atrium itself is not fancy, but the curved form and glassy character of the opening connects people and the space by reflecting and blending with each other; which makes it attractive and capable of various interpretations.

As fishes swim in the pond, people may enjoy the performance involving the penetration of light, transition of materials, different faces and vision.

OUTDOOR THEATRE DN

DN

UP

UP

RECEIVING

DN

KITCHEN

DN

UP

MULTIPURPOSE THEATRE

GIFT SHOP

ATRIUM LOBBY

SPECIALTY STANDS

MAIN ENTRANCE DN

DN

40 FT

20

10

5

0

Focus Areas

LEFT The development process with card board MIDDLE Experimenting with light reflection

|77

RIGHT Model simulating light at the passageway around the atrium

RIGHT An open-air transition area before getting in the atrium lobby; the bottom of the streamlined stairway with metallic surface reflects the motioin beneath

Focus Areas

|79

LOBBY ENTRANCE

RIGHT The translucent atrium is enclosed by a PVDF architectural structure which increases thermal efficiency and utilizes natural daylight with dirt resistant surface

Focus Areas

|81

VIEW FROM SPECIALTY STANDS

RIGHT The light transmissive concrete introduces southern sunlight into the space without excessive glare and heat; while water-activated LED lights installed in the handrail will illuminate on rainy day

Focus Areas

|83

SUNNY DAY & RAINY NIGHT

Specialty Stands The specialty stands offer exquisite meals and desserts of the Hakka people, as well as creative Hakka products.

For example, the rice cake is a popular snack that is made of glutinous rice and stuffed with a savoury or sweet filling. These stands also serve as a platform for local suppliers and artists to gather and promote their innovative applications of Hakka tradition.

The flooring of this area is a continuous extension from the lobby, while the

rustic brick wall and bamboo partitions recall the agricultural history of Hakka.

The textured translucent corian ceiling with an uneven surface provide an ambient light distribution and pleasantly warm environment.

OUTDOOR THEATRE DN

DN

UP

RECEIVING

DN

KITCHEN

DN

UP

GIFT SHOP

ATRIUM LOBBY

SPECIALTY STANDS

MAIN ENTRANCE DN

DN

40 FT

20

10

5

0

Focus Areas

CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT Painting on Tung oil-paper umbrella; sun-dried persimmons; glutinous

|85

rice dumplings in a steamer; a lantern made of floral printed fabric

RIGHT Continuous flooring extended from the lobby, with rustic brick wall and bamboo partitions

Focus Areas

|87

STANDS AREA

RIGHT Translucent Corian ceiling with an uneven surface provide an ambient light distribution leading to a pleasantly warm experience

Focus Areas

|89

SEATING ZONE

Multipurpose Theatre The two-story theatre is a venue for various Hakka art events and stage productions. The Hakka people continue to carry on many unique customs and traditions in their lives. Take the “End-of-Winter Play” as example. This is one of the most important elements of the festivals because it is performed to thank the gods for their protection, as well as amuse the villagers.

To cater to various activities of folk music and dance performances, pre-

sentations, speeches, or workshops, the flat open stage, sloped astroturf and mobile seating create a casual and multi-functional space.

OUTDOOR THEATRE DN

DN

UP UP

UP

RECEIVING

DN

KITCHEN

DN

UP

MULTIPURPOSE THEATRE

GIFT SHOP

ATRIUM LOBBY

SPECIALTY STANDS

MAIN ENTRANCE DN

DN

40 FT

20

10

5

0

Focus Areas

CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT A fan dance narrating Hakka migration; End-of-Winter play; band Sizhu-

|91

Kong performs jazz mixing beiguan music and Hakka mountain songs; children’s folk dance with bamboo leaf hats

RIGHT Ground level stage with sloped Astroturf and mobile seating create a casual and multi-functional space

Focus Areas

|93

PERFORMANCE SPACE

RIGHT A balcony provides the audience informal ways to enjoy the events

Focus Areas

|95

BALCONY

Temporary Exhibition Festivals are one of the outstanding features of vibrant Hakka culture. The rectangular exhibition room remains open and without fixtures in order to cater to seasonal events. The renderings show two examples among many different kinds of arrangements. The projector and track lighting may accommodate to diverse forms of displays. A layer of river pebbles are placed on the ground to imply the hardship of centuries of migrations in

the Hakka history exhibition, while the recycled-wood partitions are scattered like petals to convey the idea of white Tung blossoms which cover the hills like snow and spread on the ground during summer time.

UP

DN

OFFICE TEMPORARY EXHIBITION

EXHIBITION LOBBY UP

Focus Areas

CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT A sculpture by Hung-Yi, known for playful hybrid of cartoonish figures

|97

and traditional motifs; indigo dye on silk; a working Hakka woman photographed by Song-Mao Li

RIGHT A layer of river pebbles are placed on the ground to imply the hardship of centuries of migrations

Focus Areas

|99

EXHIBITION: HISTORY OF HAKKA

RIGHT Exhibition based on the concept of Tung blossom with the use of undulating stainless steel surface

Focus Areas |101

EXHIBITION: TUNG BLOSSOM

Interactive Exhibition Areas As mentioned earlier, this is a collaborative space for Hakka artistic activities, productions, and displays. Four themes, which are folk music, dialect, fashion and crafts in sequence, are arranged to tell stories via “amiable� arts. Appliances in daily life and popular art are major symbols of the culture. They reveal the living conditions and thoughts of the people residing in the area.

Hands-on experience and interactive activities are profound and efficient

ways to explore the culture and bring up the possibilities of collaborating with people from different walks of life. The shared memories are stories told by the older generation to the young generation. If the stories continue to be told, then the identities of the Hakka survive.

UP UP

INSTRUMENT

EQUIPMENTS

STORAGE UP

MUSIC AREA

HAKKA DIALECT STATIONS

FASHION ZONE DN

CRAFTS DIY

Focus Areas |103

CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT A conversation between Hakka dialect and tea brewing; indigo dyed cotton;

moon guitars with round, hollow wooden bodies; Hakka fashion show runway

RIGHT Design is based on the process of indigo dye, fabrics are tied into bundles by cotton thread before dipping into the dye

Focus Areas |105

DIALECT STATIONS

RIGHT Music station/lounge offers visitors a relaxing area to appreciate the projective plays

Focus Areas |107

MUSIC APPRECIATION LOUNGE

RIGHT An illuminative Corian stage displays creative works of Hakka fashion

Focus Areas |109

FASHION DISPLAY

RIGHT Locally grown bamboo is made into stools, display stands and partitions

Focus Areas |111

CRAFTS ZONE

Gourmet Corners The zone includes the Tung Hakka Fusion Restaurant and the Hakka Pestle Tea House. Hakka cuisine emphasizes on the content, yet ingredients are generally plain and simple, but aromatic.

May Snow is the nickname of Tung tree.

When Tung trees come to full blossom around the spring time, their white flowers cover the mountains and look as if it snowed in spring. The Tung tree is also significant for Hakka. Tung trees were widely planted near the Hakka

villages, and the economic value of the wood once helped local families make ends meet during financial hardships.

In addition, it is worth mentioning the culture of Hakka pestle tea. Since the process of pulverizing ingredients (green tea leaves, sesame, peanuts, etc.) is quite demanding on manual labor and is time consuming, this process creates an entertaining group effort among the work force; everyone has to take part in the process

UP UP

KITCHEN

HAKKA FUSION RESTAURANT UP

PESTLE TEA HOUSE

Focus Areas |113

CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT Hakka pestle tea; a bowl of rice soup topped with stir-fried greens, preserved

radish, peanuts, and pressed tofu; a closer look at a Tung flower; fresh green tea leaves

Focus Areas |115

TUNG HAKKA FUSION

RIGHT Window counter, round tables, and big wood tables cater to different user groups

Focus Areas |117

HAKKA PESTLE TEA HOUSE

Rooftop Art Path There is a water harvesting system enclosed at the top of the atrium.

Rain water will be collected and filtered, then it will be contained in an artistic device which will connect with the handrails of the ramps. Thousands of LEDs lights will be installed and will be illuminated by the contact of water. This path connects up the rooftop and guides people to appreciate the art displays between the plants, planks and the seat at the pavilion. The path is composed

of planks made from thousands of faux pebbles poured into concrete and covered in a smart material that allows them to charge during daylight and will illuminate at night. The Tung oil-paper pavilion is another eye-catching feature with relaxing hanging chairs.

Focus Areas |119

CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT Seat sculpture “Squash“ made of mirror polished stainless steel by

GAHR; life-size metal artworks; wood sculptures by Ju-Ming; art installation at Liu-Dui Hakka Culture Park

RIGHT A path composed of planks made from self-illuminating faux pebbles in concrete

Focus Areas |121

ROOFTOP GARDEN

RIGHT Tung oil-paper pavilion, an eye-catching feature with hanging chairs for relaxing

Focus Areas |123

TUNG OIL-PAPER PAVILION

ABOUT

Autobiography Resume Bibliography

Autobiography

My nickname (吉兒) in Taiwanese, which is based off of the pronunciation of my English name, “Jill”, means the darling of fortune. The name is a fitting one. I consider myself a very fortunate person, am grateful for everything I experience, and hope to apply my luck to my dream of becoming a composer of the spatial environment.

My passion for interior architecture and design started from my strong interest in art, which my parents nurtured in me from an early age. My mother, a retired art teacher and an amateur calligrapher, had an especially profound impact on my aesthetics cultivation. Meanwhile, my father’s career in building construction gave me ample opportunities to study housing construction and the architectural design process. Through my parents’ teachings and my observations in daily life I have gained an appreciation for how architectural interiors impact human behaviors, visitors’ emotions, and user-object interactions. For example, explanations exist for why certain seats in a cafeteria are always occupied while others are not, and why some equipment are set up but are not enthusiastically used at the community center. Amazed by the close relationship between space and people, I am excited to explore the whys and wherefores of transforming an atmosphere using different combinations of spatial elements.

My undergraduate education in Anthropology and Culture Studies is an asset as I transition into the field of interior design. The training I received in Humanities and Social Science (HSS) has

endowed me with sensitive observation and great perspective within social contexts, and enabled me to develop my own ideas on current issues. In fact, I found that HSS and spatial design are like identical twins at the core. Both of them deal with the generalities of human nature and human need as well as the particularities of different users and cultures, which meld material lives and spiritual realms and strive for a holistic, sustainable harmony.

With its diverse academic curriculum from fundamental classes to advanced studies, Academy of Art University has offered me a resourceful environment to learn directly from professionals in the industry and to explore not only design, but also San Francisco, an international and inspirational city, with friends from diverse countries and different backgrounds. I am thankful for what I have learned so far and look forward to expanding my knowledge further with these supports.

About |127

Resume

EDUCATION Academy of Art University, San Francisco, California, USA Master of Fine Art Interior Architecture and Design

09/12 - 05/15

National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan Interdisciplinary Program of Humanities and Social Sciences Major: Anthropology; Minor: Cultural Studies

09/08 - 06/12

EXPERIENCE IN ARTS Visual Art Liberal Arts: Creative Painting in NTHU, Teaching Assistant Intercollegiate Image Exhibition, Participating Artist Acting Humanities and Social Sciences Annual Play, Leading role

01/12-06/12 05/10 2011

ACTIVITIES AISEC Global Development Program, Intern Students’ Union of HSS, Director of Public Relations & Advertising NTHU Yoga Club, Vice President

01/11-02/11 09/09-08/10 08/09-06/10

AWARDS President’s Honor List, Academy of Art University 2013/ 2014/ 2015 Academic Achievement Award, National Tsing Hua University 2010 Rotary Youth Leadership Award, Rotary International District 3500 2009 Taiwan Humanity Award, Laiho Culture Foundation 2008

SKILLS Language Mandarin Chinese, English, Hakka 3D Design Autodesk Revit, Autodesk 3ds-Max, Sketchup 2D Design Adobe Creative Suite (Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign) Others Apple iWork, Microsoft Office Suite

Bibliography REFERENCES

“Hakka”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.

“Historic Origins.” Taipei Hakka Cultural Park. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.

“Introduction of Taiwan Hakka Culture-Hospitable Taiwan, New Capital of the World.” Taiwan Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

“Louvre Lens / SANAA.” ArchDaily. N.p., 29 Dec. 2012. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

“Life In A Pond - Under Water Ecosystem.” Life In A Pond. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

“The View from Taiwan.” : The Ponds of Taoyuan. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

“Tverrfjellhytta / Snøhetta.” ArchDaily. N.p., 02 Nov. 2011. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.

“What Makes a Successful Place?” Project for Public Spaces. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015.

“WeatherSpark Beta.” Average Weather For Taoyuan, Taiwan. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

“YBCA.” About. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.

Corrodi, Michelle, Klaus Spechtenhauser, and Gerhard Auer. Illuminating: Natural Light in Residential Architecture. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2008. Print.

Hsieh, T’ing-yu. Origin and Migrations of the Hakkas. The Chinese Social & Political Science Review: Beijing, vol 13, 1929. Print.

Ministry of the Interiors of Taiwan http://www.moi.gov.tw Taoyuan City Government http://www.tycg.gov.tw Pingzhen District Office http://www.pingzhen.tycg.gov.tw Household Registration Office of Pingzhen District http://www.pingc.gov.tw Fu­ Dan Elementary School http://www.fdes.tyc.edu.tw Taiwan Hakka Villages http://archives.hakka.gov.tw/eng/ Hakka Affairs Council http://www.hakka.gov.tw Hakka Affairs Bureau of Taoyuan http://www.tychakka.gov.tw The College of Hakka Studies http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakkacollege/index.htm Tung Restaurant http://www.tung-hakka.com Lovely Taiwan Foundation http://www.lovelytaiwan.org.tw/web/index.php

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IMAGE RESOURCES CHAPTER COVERS https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/M7lNebtdFDLolj1DloRTqWC2DOCFTpJ7aQNE7nND-HvMZvIZb4ltvzEOUoohc1YOMUZ-=s128 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/skdCRXrP4UjkmKco1Y8n10KxBF3-UfQao8qXsJFo2tcx4bdpcaDQY7qY6Z0oiMwJXHTClrI=s114 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/rU1sIj7P9kG68yqVb02JLP2cKV6TLQXNIVj8HndZ26djZwp9pPOYrQLpLvoTyBfXH6vBAQ=s128 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/t36hOe1AlvOi84dQ1PzUYBb_iS_aDsHynkC4sinkYbcMyvuj4HDpzwpo4W_DXhbQy7mw0AQ=s127 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/zfLUddaXLcu9xAICDNQY9FdIKn6arcSLQRgR4vq_VWZeiWF74hQi1mvqnLZCiFUThKgvXmU=s114 ABSTRACT https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/eKLUME1Rk9jQ7kRgFFARelXPXrJoYCrj4yERq0G-8XqePoiuPu7iziDa1OY6tPpoWUuIDQ=s148 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/woexitimw9niCzAf6MaWh8PtjYPar39w5BmUQOagYfnWJgHQmxrZLWYrcuFNH_3HUt-cHQ=s144 https://www.google.com/search?sa=G&tbm=isch&tbs=simg:CAQSigEahwELEKjU2AQaAggJDAsQsIynCBpgCl4IAxIotgO-HsAeth6lF9UIoR61HtgI1wiRKd8olCmeKdY-8CH5N7Y3ujrPNxowZhUvvbfTeJC_1h37UIzPOqGoK_1-AeNPOxT0liaOV7BUI3IHmhCoRD-K6IkGXbHXgnDAsQjq7-CBoKCggIARIEnc7CvQw&ei=AAM0VZOvFda4ogT-04G4AQ&ved=0CBoQwg4oAA&biw=929&bih=1007 CASE STUDIES https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Ic6fZtrIjFPrKIH43y1CrWY6VBb6OHNwxUyb1dNvWmbONTnXMIR6BqTwTekh8w8-546fdA=s127 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/eLDK2dsJF2dRzMMKDBMzTeBiIxpPpdkfCY_HtYFwh4JEExicbA5gvqOJwUAaxsaxAWbbmeg=s127 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/aFGfXKgMRVjJiaik3Kf3bNUOf5p82DYKpGCS_wqYQx_Ty53xjEQSI20YQjim2tfmM_eJyjg=s127 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/_gHHA4yRmaZFOfwS0MedjRPCB9M4pmWwETXh95-uxm6Lg30BppT6pmgYz8YYTPH-Qz5mvi8=s128 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/uOiM2YSSYJCeAifXz-r9ycwijvoVbllFGWY40xqBZMajYQeSk5tckABJ7D7PVxHHvS3WEg=s114 DEVELOPMENT https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/uMicN0oqOQjnlE5H7MRzwIPGMrN_699s116OilBN957fGzBDJ3NsWbclmMQtjSpiFscU=s131 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/xxbuXexyRTaK8oELXY4rh_9LGkPSMEYGDsV4LHreozJvwXDp-iHji52X3w9y2b0gYTAp0Mc=s135 FOCUS AREAS https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/gytho366GJ5bk7jaL6t8pUh5u1YESL6MAo-YSsAyZ_owTRlSJHbsdIgbxPBOraJAw9h5MCs=s127 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/wIsnaFrL_w7kdpgR3-XFCwJtXtnAMQvvUnW0POCscDIn2KjJNv65I1pupL71crPbiZ6hXw=s132 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/4XvGu38OW1SlfRF1e16XywM1ysJy8sZfh_BX2IAeAbswQnZcIrCmw7JPcxWLRGrKxIlfeA=s128

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