Thesis project design book

Reclaim Central

Wealth gap in society is reflected in urban built form...

Thesis Book (DESIGN) LAU Pui Yin Jim June, 2015 // Design Methodology and Practice // Professor Nelson CHEN

CONTENTS

SECTION 1. MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT STUDY 1.1 MASTER PLANNING

1.2 WATER FRONT CASE STUDY

1.3 MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT 1.4 MASTER PLAN MASSING STUDY

01 02 06 08 10 12 14 18 22 28

Point of Interest Master Plan Illustrations District Plan Analysis Toronto Central Waterfront Seattle Central Waterfront Marina Bay Waterfront Hong Kong Central Waterfront Master Plan Development Sketches Massing Models Digital Modeling

SECTION 2. DESIGN DRAWINGS

2.1 MASTER PLANNING 2.2 BUILDING DRAWINGS

2.3 EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVES 2.4 INTERIOR PERSPECTIVES

34 36 38 39 40 42 46

Master Plan Concourse Plan Exploded Isometric Court House Plan Sectional Perspectives Exterior Perspectives Interior Perspectives

SECTION 3. DESIGN MODELS

3.1 1:1500 CONTEXT MODEL 3.2 1:300 SECTIONAL MODEL

52 54

Context Model Photos Sectional Model Photos

SECTION 4. FINAL PANEL

4.1 FINAL PANEL

64

Final Panel

1

MASTER PLAN STUDY

1.1 MASTER PLANNING 1.2 WATER FRONT CASE STUDY 1.3 MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT 1.4 MASTER PLAN MASSING STUDY

1. Master Plan Development Study

1.1 Master Planning

Point of interest Point of interest plan illustration plan illustration

Picking up from the research stage of this thesis project, I realized this social issue of the Hong Kong Hegemony is not going to be addressed or answered by a single building. It must be tackled from an Urban Scale to have that significant impact to the society.

Therefore, before designing the architecture, it is critical that Master Planing of Central is to be studied and developed, in order to integrate well with my design.

Civic Concourse will be developed at the site of Statue Square and Star Ferry Car Park. With my research support, the concept of this project is to integrate more truly accessible public buildings and public spaces within the context of monopolistic urban developments.

Currently with the nearly reclaimed land at the central water front, it is the largest public spaces in this area waiting to be integrated into part of Central. Within the 400 meters radius of the water front, it reaches much of the important landmarks but missing the connection.

The connection between the city and the water front becomes the driving goal of this thesis, creating that new urban experience and highlighting the historic moments of this city.

50m

50m

civic concourse

civic concourse

1

central waterfrontcentral waterfront 50m

50m

100m

100m

200m

200m

government complex government complex

400m

400m

paths

paths

nodes

nodes

landmarks

landm

1.1 Master Plan

Master Plan Illustration Before any planning of the area, Master Plan illustrations of the Civic Concourse been stated out in written form, demonstrating the possibilities this project can achieve in this urban context. With the name of Civic Concourse, suggesting the building to be publicly accessible which provides a new urban experience, connecting the city and water front. Having the judicial system at this very prominent area, it will require it to being iconic and creating new landmark to the area.

The application of judicial system with educational program will draw public to this civic center, creating contemporary Agora for exchange of ideas, becoming the center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the city.

On the other hand, with the strong historic events and linear axis, it could easily become the path of the city (public connector). Stitching this monopolistic society back together with a sense of equality through the demonstration of publicness.

2

HSBC

TRAM LINE

PUBLIC ROUTE

OPEN LANDSCAPE LIGHT STRUCTURE

SQUARE

URBAN GARDEN

STATUE

VIEW CORRIDOR COURT OF FINAL APPEAL

TRANSFORMATION

CENOTAPH

HISTORIC LANDMARK

HOLY LAND

1 0 , 0 0 0 M E T E RS S Q UA R E FORMER STAR FERRY CAR PARK PUBLIC CONNECTOR, PLAZAS JUDICIAL SYSTEM

NEW URBAN EXPERIENCE L A ND M A R K, H A R B O U R V I E W

MEMORIAL

GARDEN

PERMEABILITY

SITE, CIVIC CONCOURSE

D

CONNAUGHT P L A Z A CONNECTIVITY

TOURIST ATTRACTION

CENTRAL AXIS

DEMONSTRATION CAR FREE

MASTERPLAN

T R A N S P O R TAT I O N

R EC R EAT I O N S Q UA R ES

MARKET

FESTIVAL CELEBRATION PEDESTRIAN ZONE

SEASONAL EVENTS

TA M A R PA R K GOVERNMENT HEADQUARTER POLITICAL GATHERING

CONNECT

URBA THEMN SPACE ATIC PARK

LUNG WO R OA

E DINB URGH PLAZA

MUSEUM

PUBLIC AMENITIES

LIBRARY

CITY HALL

CONNAUGHT ROAD

BRIDGE OVER

R EST, A R EA CONNECTIVITY COMMERCIAL

PEDESTRIANISED CHATER ROAD

MTR STATION

CHATER GARDEN

WEEKEND GATHER

DOMESTIC WORKERS

DES VOEUX ROAD

HEADQUARTER COVERED AREA

P T E S

DES

LAZAS R E E S X T R A P A C E

EDGE

WATETIRNATION FRONT EDGE

Written Master Plan

CENTRAL PIER

ED

JETTED OUT

GE

3

Function civic center

[connaught plaza]

C

A

4

civic center

[holy land]

[hsbc]

[chater garden]

pier

waterfront

city

[memorial garden] [edinburgh plaza]

B

commerce

Function

public connector

[chater road]

[connaught plaza] [lung wo road]

urban garden public functions

public connector

B

commerce

A [statue square]

[hsbc]

C

thematic park

[chater garden]

commerce

[holy land]

[cannaught road]

[memorial garden] [edinburgh plaza]

[waterfront masterplan]

[central pier]

5

1.1 Master Plan

District Plan Analysis Over the years, under the rapid development of Hong Kong, Central has become the core center of Hong Kong. With the profit driven developments, financial district grows in different places between city fabric. Separating the city into smaller districts, creating a scrambled situation. For that reason, the placement of the Civic Concourse in between different districts will serve an important role to this city, stitching the city fabric back together. Become the center for the public but also a connector between districts, echoing the existing Government Headquarter.

As well as creating a new landmark and nodes to the area, its important to connect the existing landmarks. Linking the nodes in a sequence to create a new urban experience.

6

-T ST

ong nT wu Hom K g ltra Hun Cen tral Cen

tra l

Planning Area

Ce n

New Waterfront Edge New Destination Existing Destination Landmarks View Points

VICTORIA HARBOUR

Connections Star Ferry Terminal

PIER DISTRICT

Market Hall Festival Pier IFC

FINANCIAL DISTRICT

WATERFRONT DISTRICT (OPEN PARK)

Market SquareWATERFRONT DISTRICT

(ENTERTAINMENT)

Sculpture Park

Hong Kong Flyer

CIVIC CONCOURSE

Edinburgh Place

CULTURAL DISTRICT

GOVERNMENT DISTRICT Government OямГce

The Cenotaph Statue Square

LegCo Chater Garden HSBC

HISTORIC DISTRICT

FINANCIAL DISTRICT Bank of China

FINANCIAL DISTRICT

7

1. Master Plan development study

1.2 Water Front Case Study Case 1 Toronto Waterfront - Publicly accessible Project: Toronto Central Waterfront Location: Toronto, Canada Construction Date: 2006 Architect: West 8

8

The Central Waterfront extends along 3.5 km along Lake Ontario and in direct proximity to the downtown business district. It is one of Toronto’s most valuable assets, yet, despite decades of planning and patchwork development projects, there was no coherent vision for linking the pieces into a greater whole – visually or physically. In this context, the fundamental objective of the project, was to address this deficiency by creating a consistent and legible image for the Central Waterfront, in both architectural and functional terms. Connectivity between the vitality of the city and the lake and a continuous, publicly accessible waterfront are West 8’s Master plan priorities. The plan expresses a vision for the Central Waterfront that brings a sustainable, ecologically productive ‘green foot’ to the rich culture of the metropolis. It suggests a new coherence and continuity along the waterfront, produced by four seemingly simple gestures that create a new ‘Multiple Waterfront’.

Waterfront Festival

Master plan by West 8

Floating deck

HTO landscape park

Timber wavedecks

CHINA TOWN

City Hall

FINANCIAL DISTRICT

FASHION DISTRICT

CITYPLACE

Toronto city-waterfront connection

Transportation Hub

Stadium CN Tower

Urban Park

HARBOUR FRONT

Museum

Urban Park

9

Garden

Park

Park

Beach

Water Sports Theatre/ Museum Centre Art Gallery

Ferry Terminal

Sugar Museum

Sugar Beach

paths paths

Inner Harbour

districts nodes landmarks

Ferry Terminal

Yacht Club

Museum

Train Station

Water Sports

Beach

Festival Events

Factory

Case 2 Seattle Waterfront - Waterfront for All Project: Seattle Central Waterfront Location: Seattle, United States Construction Date: 2013 Architect: James Corner Field Operations

10

Field Operations has been leading the design of a comprehensive framework plan and dynamic urban design for 1.5 miles of Seattle’s Central Waterfront.

With the removal of the Alaskan Way Viaduct and the reconstruction of the Elliot Bay Seawall, the City of Seattle is poised to reclaim its Central Waterfront and reconnect to Elliott Bay. The Framework plan works at multiple scales to re-center the city and shape a new public realm. A robust Urban Framework utilizes character zones, nodes and linkages to acknowledge difference in adjacent neighborhoods and capitalize on unique waterfront conditions. The waterfront was organized by zones of programmatic focus. A number of urban design strategies were used to organize and accommodate all waterfront activities and uses, solidify the vision and anchor the design into the urban fabric and make one coherent place with its own distinct identity.

overlook walk

Master plan by James Corner Field Operations

open plaza with water features

Floating pool barge

open plaza with water features

Seattle city-waterfront connection

Elliot Bay PIONEER SQUARE Festival Pier

WATERFRONT Beach

Skating Rink Barge Pool Ferry Terminal Seattle Wheel Aquarium Historic Piers Plaza Gallery

Cruise Terminal

Belltown Redevelopment 11

Overlook Walk Park

Stadium Occidental Park

MARKET DISTRICT

Pioneer Square

Market

Harbour Steps

paths

Museum

King St. Station

paths

Benaroya Hall

districts

FINANCIAL DISTRICT

nodes landmarks

Ferry Terminal

Yacht Club

Museum

Train Station

Aquarium

Market

Beach

Festival Events

Swimming

Ferris Wheel

Case 3 Singapore Waterfront - Garden City Project: Marina Bay Waterfront Location: Marina Bay,Singapore Construction Date: 2006 Architect: Grant Associates / Gustafson Porter

12

The Gardens aim to capture the essence of Singapore as the premier tropical Garden City with the perfect environment in which to live, work and play. It will complement and complete the necklace of attractions that have been planned for around the Marina Bay. At 101 hectares, Gardens by the Bay comprises three distinctive waterfront gardens. Bay East by Gustafson Porter is a 32ha linear garden that embroiders a stretch of the Marina Channel promenade, providing landscaped access to a strategic portion of Singapore’s waterfront. Providing visitors an intimate relationship with its shorelines and wonder views back to the skyline. South Bay by Grant Associates aims to blend nature, technology, environmental management and imagination to create a 21st century focus for tropical horticulture and a unique destination experience.

Marina Bay Master plan

South Bay

Conservatories

Promenade facing Inner Harbour

Overlook South Bay

Singapore city-waterfront connection

Exhibition Centre Memorial

CULTURE DISTRICT WATERFRONT

GOVERNMENT DISTRICT

Formula One Pit

City Hall

Court House

WATERFRONT Theatres

Museum

Themes Garden

Museum

Parliament

Theatres

Concert Hall Museum

Performance Stage

Fullerton Hotel

Marina Channel

Museum

Merlion

Golf Course

Singapore Wheels

Water Sports

Marina Bay

13

FINANCIAL DISTRICT

Conservatories

One Raes Place

Entertainment complex

Integrated Resort

Pier Performance Stage

WATERFRONT paths paths

Garden Market

districts nodes landmarks

Museum

Concert Hall

Garden

Water Sports

Conservatories

Casino

Formula One

Ferris Wheel

Case 4 Hong Kong waterfront - Distinctive Identity Project: Hong Kong Central Location: Central,Hong Kong Construction Date: 2007 Architect: Aedas

14

A study on the Central Waterfront was completed by Aedas for few specific objectivities which are to project a distinctive identity for the Central Business District and the new harbourfront as well as create an attractive harbourfront with high quality public and private developments and open space in a luxuriant landscape setting. Introduce a mix of uses and diverse activities for public enjoyment to create a vibrant harbourfront. The existing pedestrian network in Central should be extended to the New harbourfront to enhance pedestrian links to the waterfront and to create a more sustainable and environmentally friendly harbourfront. A combination of at-grade walkways and crossings, subways, elevated walkways and landscaped decks is proposed in the Study.

Central Waterfront master plan

Master plan by Aedas

Central Pier

Statue Square Corridor

Tamar Civic Corridor

Hong Kong city-waterfront connection

Central Pier Maritime Museum

VICTORIA HARBOUR IFC

Viewing Platform Bike Station

FINANCIAL DISTRICT

HKCEC

HARBOUR FRONT Waterfront Commerical Uses Clock Tower/ Gallery

Waterfront Commerical Uses

Boardwalk

Edinburgh Place City Hall

Hotel

GOVERNMENT DISTRICT

The Cenotaph

paths

Art Events Plaza

paths

Statue Square Court of Final Appeal

Government Complex

districts HKAPA

HSBC

HISTORIC DISTRICT

Art Centre

nodes landmarks

Bank of China

Ferry Pier

City Hall

Museum

Government Complex

Bike Station

Viewing Platform

Clock Tower

15

1. Master Plan Development study

1.4 Analysis at 3 Scale

Victoria Harbour is the center of Hong Kong, connecting the Hong Kong Peninsula and Mainland of Kowloon. With the waterfront at Central and Tsim Sha Tsui, it act as an anchor for both part of Hong Kong. It connects the city along the promenades and spared into the inner part of the city.

By looking at the site with three different scale, from a City Level to a district level; realize the importance of connecting the city with the waterfront.

16

At the Urban Scale, the Central axis lying in middle of Sheung Wan and Wan Chai. By having an urban linkage between the two, it would revitalize the city with a more fluid connection as a whole at the Hong Kong Peninsula.

By activating the central water front, a connection between itself and the city must be well connected in order to generate an effective circulation system. Therefore the central axis becomes the key to city connection.

KOWLOON

VICTORIA HARBOUR

HONG KONG ISLAND

1 km

City Scale

VICTORIA HARBOUR KOWLOON

17

VICTORIA HARBOUR

HONG KONG ISLAND

HONG KONG ISLAND

1 km

1 km

Urban Scale

Water Front Scale

1. Master Plan development study

1.3 Master Plan Development

From the context studies, there is a strong liner axis expressed from the Hong Kong Bank towards the Victor Harbour, due to the aerial ownership and historic events. However, the recent developments and land reclamations have disrupted this expression. That caused a segregation between the city and the water front.

18

Also, with recent development at Tamer Park Government Complex, it had the similar idea and approach to connect the city with the water front, allow the promenade to be more accessible for the public. However, it is not too successful with it’s expression of the architecture, and the final built form. It’s orientation of the building faces the Victoria Harbour where can only be perceive from the Kowloon side. With a single foot bridge system provided for the pedestrian to connect from the back of the building to the water front. Yet, that is the best and the only connection to the water front from the city.

Therefore, this strong axis of connection became the focus of the Master Layout Plan. Directly connect the heart of Central with the Central Water Front with the liner axis, but also the surrounding public areas.

MLP Concept Sketch

Master Plan Development Sketches

19

Development Sketch 1

Development Sketch2

Development Sketch 3

Development Sketch 4

1. Master Plan development study

Civic Concourse Sketches

20

21

Central Axis Sketches

1. Master Plan development study

1.3 Master Plan Development With a physical form of model, connection and massing of the MLP have been tested to see the relationship within the context continued from the initial sketches. A form of demonstrating the projects’ intention of connecting the surrounding urban spaces, city and the water front.

Crafting techniques were used as a methodology to shape the form and overall mass to the building on the central axis. In this vertical city, a strong contrast is being established with the opposite approach. Spanning over 400 meters horizontally to connect the city with the water front. Therefore the overall height of the building kept as low as possible with pragmatic consideration along with the landscaper expression.

22

Bold massing is to be avoided, therefore building blocks have been crafted with stepping and modulations approach to break down the overall form.

To create an seamless integration between the building and the urban context.

Nevertheless, the connection from inland to be reached out to the waterfront. The lateral direction have not been neglected, breaking the liner form with horizontal elements jetted across the site, connecting the circulation with a multiple layer network.

MLP Connection

23

24

25

1. Master Plan development study

1.3 Master Plan Development

26

Initial Site Apporach

27

Massing Development Process

28

Massing Development Process

29

Massing Development Process

30

Finalized Massing Development

31

32

2

DESIGN DRAWINGS

2.1 MASTER PLANNING 2.2 BUILDING DRAWINGS 2.3 EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVES 2.4 INTERIOR PERSPECTIVES

2. Design Drawings

2.1 Master Planning Overall MLP has been laid out supported by the previous studies and testings. Equality can be found in this Master Plan regarding the reclaimed public realm in reposes to the thesis statement, with a vast amount of land designated to the public, a contrast of activities are demonstrated to strike a balance in this monopolistic urban situation.

Establishing a real connection between the city and the water front, through a highly accessible building with civic purpose to the society. Creating important nodes along the Central Axis, stitching the segregated parts together, reclaiming Central with historic memories and contemporary additions.

34

Aedas Central Master Layout Plan, 2011

35

2. Design Drawings

2.2 Building Drawings

36

37

38

39

40

41

2. Design Drawings

2.3 Exterior Perspectives

42

Concourse Entrance

43

Central Axis City - Water Front Connection

44

Connaught Road Central

45

Central Water Front Park

2. Design Drawings

2.4 Interior Perspectives To deal with the pragmatic consideration of a court house, three different circulations are to be taken into account. First, for the staff and Judges, it is required to be separated from the public. This is to avoid any disturbance from the public. Second, the defendant are to be contained in a enclosed area under security at all time, this will happen in the basement with law enforcement up to the court rooms. Lastly, public circulation is to be considered with direct access horizontally pass through the building but also vertically to the court houses.

46

Court Rooms are designed to be separated into two floors, one designated to the authorized person who are related to the court cases, judges chambers, clerk offices and consulting rooms. The upper level is designed for the public only, with a access to the view gallery of each individual court room. Although the floors have been separated into two levels, visual connection are reminded between the two.

Court Houses are promoted with a high transparency to the public, opening up to allow natural day night to enter from the East with visual commutation between the public who passes through the building at concourse level.

Mega Court is to be introduced into the judiciary system to facilitate the high media attention cases. Allow large amount of public and media reporters to take part of the court cases. A viewing gallery locates at a upper level, which can facilitate 3 times more of audience than a standard court room.

Civic Concourse becomes the new grade for the public, it serve as an express route of connecting from Statue Square to the Central Water Front Park. At the same time, it becomes the contemporary Agora for exchange of ideas, becoming the center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the city.

47

Civic Concourse

48

Court Room Interior

49

Mega Court Viewing Gallery

50

3

MODEL PHOTOS

3.1 1:1500 CONTEXT MODEL 3.2 1:300 SECTIONAL MODEL

3. Design Models

3.1 1:1500 Context Model

52

53

3. Design Models

3.2 1:300 Sectional Model

54

A sectional model can demonstrates the activity that happens in the central cores of the building, such as the court houses, mega court, viewing gallery and the civic concourse itself. Providing a clear spatial sequence from landscaping to built form.

A device is installed to allow the model to be separated into two slices, showing the interior as well as the exterior with a complete form.

55

Sectional Model Opened

Operable System

56

City Entrance

Water Front Entrance

57

Statue Square Entrance

58

Central Water Front Entrance

59

Interlocking Blocks

60

Stepping Terrace

61

Long Section Cut

62

Landscape - Building Integration

63

4. Final Panel

4.1 Final Review Panel Urban Public Spaces Study

HONG KONG HEGEMONY - Reclaim Central

OCCUPY CENTRAL -

wealth gap in society is reflected in urban built form...

Popular Tourist Area Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade 1:10000

Public Event Space West Kowloon 1:10000

What social issues affect Hong Kong people and their urban environments?

• Hegemony is defined as authority, control or influence by one dominant group over another.

• In Hong Kong, land supply is strictly controlled by Government; development is largely controlled by a handful of large developers.

• Together, Government and developers dictate urban development to maximize their respective profits at the expense of people, places, neighborhoods.

• The increasing gap between rich and poor is reflected in the increasing gap in urban places that are economically affordable by the majority of people.

Sports and Outdoor Concerts Hong Kong Stadium 1:10000

New Years Celebratation Times Square 1:10000

Political Demonstration Victoria Park 1:10000

CONTEXT

dark clouds - hovering over the towers suggest at society is currently in a ‘doomsday’ situation it is monopolized.

Reactivating Statue Square

Site History

Festival Marketplace The Peak 1:10000

MTR

Train MTR

44

hawk - symbolic meaning of power and vision, representing the ruling class of Hong Kong high in the sky over the poor.

60

MTR

buildings - densely built together in the monopolized urban area which neglects peoples’ need with only profit in mind.

32

80

60

40

LAU, Pui Yin Jim //Design Methodology and Practice// Thesis Advisor - Professor CHEN, Nelson

Stanely Market 1:10000

M

MTR

12 0

118

52

60 80

layman - at the very bottom of society, where people are lacking essential needs including public needs.

10 8

48 60

What architectural and urban design issues are being addressed?

6

4

66

80

10 0

116

1900 - Monument with Promenade connected to Pier

120

MTR

88 100

12 0

1910 - Carpark and the Cenotaph Addition

1950 - Monument Removed

1955 - Public Carpark

1960 - Star Ferry Carpark Added

12 0

MTR

40

80

60

60

40 40

34

coins - the ultimate substance that everyone is effected by.

100

• High land prices and high density developments cause public space to be viewed as prohibitively expensive to provide and maintain.

• Public space is generally neglected and, when provided, is often residual, leftover space.

100

pigs - it means the illusions over true nature of life, representing the layman’s worthless position

60

6

118

0

74

80

public space - provided in small, residual spaces and neglected in this urban context.

60

60

10 0

80

80 12 0

80

100

Objectives of thesis project:

100

114

118

100

116

12 0

MTR

EVENT

12 minutes 1km

2 km

?

West Kowloon reclaimed land currently undergoing a leisure and cultural development. The space is often used as a major outdoor music festival, art exhibition and other rare festivals. It often has runners and cyclers at the promenades when it is not used for events.

NOTES

An urban park located between Tin Hau and Causeway Bay, with much of the sports recreation facilities. Every year it holds large events such as Lunar New Year Fair and some art and culture exhibitions. It often used as a gathering point for demonstrations, with weekly City Forum held in the park.

Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade is a major tourist hub in metropolitan Hong Kong, with many shops and restaurants that cater to tourists. Many of Hong Kong’s museums are located in the area. Victoria Harbor and the iconic Hong Kong Skyline at the HK Island are the main attraction for the promenade, often has big celebration events with fireworks at festivals.

A major shopping center and office tower complex with privately owned public space (POPS) at ground level.

It has become one of the two main gathering point for new year celebration. Various activities take place which become an attraction to commerces for business.

However the generous set back becomes an important breathing space in the dense urban condition.

Main sports venue of Hong Kong all take place at this stadium, it somehow represents Hong Kong’s sports with a symbolic meaning. The stadium was supposed to be a multi purpose entertainment and sports venue.

However, its open-air nature has led to noise complaints from residents in tower blocks surrounding the stadium.

1940

1940

1940

0.4 km²

0.4 km²

0.4 km²

?

1940

0.4 km² 0.9 km²

1965 - Converted to Urban Square

Hong Kong has many street markets or shopping complex dotted around the city, yet there are no public activates happening apart from commercial activities.

The two are always separated with very minimal relation as shown in Hong Kong; especially in the densely populated urban area.

1960

1960

1960

1960

1980

1980

1980

1980

Present

Present

Present

0.9 km²

0.9 km²

0.9 km²

2 km²

2 km²

2 km²

2 km²

6 km²

6 km²

6 km²

1980 - Urban Square Connected to Pier

1990 - Underground Connection Added

History Of Open Space and Land Reclamation

1940

2000s

• To design a project that demonstrates the essential need to integrate more truly public spaces within the context of monopolistic urban developments.

2010 - Further Land Reclamation

1960

Future - Central Waterfront Masterplan

1980

PRESENT

1990s

Political Demonstration “People’s Park” - N/A 1:10000

Festival Marketplace Nanjing Road East 1:10000

Sports and Outdoor Concerts Shanghai Stadium 1:10000

New Years Celebratation The Bund 1:10000

Popular Tourist Area Xiantiandi 1:10000

2000

196

s

0s

189

0s

2010s

Public Event Space Expo Park 1:10000

0s 195

Cen

196

der

Lung

Ped

0s 2

ught Road

Statu

e Squar

Metro

e

land use

Metro

fun

special

transit usage

64

historic

accessible

current society understanding

jury spaces

prvate parking/ entrance

STAFF library

Per capita area of public open space 5,000 10,000 (km²) population density

0

MTA MTA

0.4 km²

clerk’s office

0.9 km²

2 sq.m.

PRIVATE

Tokyo

2,200 km²

Lan Kwai Fong -

Accessibility

connected

12 1k

TFL

mi

m

nu

tes

observation deck

Coroner’s Court

plazas

retails

PUBLIC Public Realm

Efficient Operations

parking

200m

government complex

street market general infomation

=10,222m²

Program consolidation

events

bridge

cafes

Public Non-Accessable

PERMEABILITY

paths

An island with open green area is another main tourist attractions which contains ten statues of statesmen and other notable individuals. It is also the place where many demonstrations and protests have been held.

The promenade shows the iconic side of London, with the surrounding landmarks. For that reason, it easily becomes the detestation for festival celebration. Events include arts, music and community festivals happens annually to promote the cultural and tourism industry.

New Years Celebration with fireworks happens at the river every year which becomes the spot for the festival.

Being the association football stadium, it hosts most of the major football matches and other sport matches.

A sliding roof allows it to hold many other events, particularly major concerts but also private events like weddings and conferences.

Associated with the former fruit and vegetable market in the central square, now a popular shopping and tourist site, and the Royal Opera House. Attractions driven by the central square with its street performers, theaters and entertainment facilities, including the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and the London Transport Museum.

EDGE

NATION WATERF RONT

FESTIVAL CELEBRATION PEDESTRIAN ZONE

PLAZAS T R E E S E X T R A S P A C E

CENTRAL PIER

DESTI

JETTED OUT

EDGE

D

URBA N SPAC THEMAT E IC PAR K

WO ROA

MARKET

75% Public Accessable

400m

SEASONAL EVENTS

T R A N S P O R TAT I O N

R EC R EAT I O N SQUARES

CENTRAL AXIS

LUNG

GARDEN

CONNECT

MEMORIAL

MASTERPLAN

NEW URBAN EXPERIENCE L ANDMARK, HARB OUR VI EW

DEMONSTRATION CAR FREE

URBAN GARDEN

SITE, CIVIC CONCOURSE

1 0 , 0 0 0 M E T E RS S Q UA R E FORMER STAR FERRY CAR PARK PUBLIC CONNECTOR, PLAZAS JUDICIAL SYSTEM

LIBRARY

HOLY LAND

HISTORIC LANDMARK

CITY HALL

STATUE

PUBLIC ROUTE

TRAM LINE

SQUARE

OPEN LANDSCAPE LIGHT STRUCTURE

5 Retails 4 Restaurants

6 Plazas

courtcourt court public network

underground passage parking Parking connection parking service

CENOTAPH

CONNAUGHT P L A Z A CONNECTIVITY

TOURIST ATTRACTION

=150m²

privateroomroomroomLibraryarchive 24-hours roof garden market auditorium conference forum mediaspace event space

public squarecity center trade

VIEW CORRIDOR COURT OF FINAL APPEAL

TRANSFORMATION

100m

Public Accessable

BRIDGE OVER

central waterfront 50m

Offices Judicial Assisant Law Enforcement

REST, AREA CONNECTIVITY COMMERCIAL

HSBC

HEADQUARTER COVERED AREA

1 Underground Car park

3 Urban Landscapes/ Roof 2 Observation Deck

Judicial Members

Urban Landscapes Plazas

transport drop off area

Judicial Assistance

Court House

observation deck slowness foodwaiting

support chambers offices work enclosed space

permeability

waterfront

legal aid public service atrium exhibition space

Public Confidence

Orignal Program

Main Components

Public Facilities

Court Complex Total:

restaurants

legal space Retails

Judicial System

Concept Montage

x3

civic concourse

=1,000m²

Public - Private

500m² 200m² 50m² 500m² 200m² 50m² 400m² 1000m²

50m

TA M A R PA R K GOVERNMENT HEADQUARTER POLITICAL GATHERING

Judicial Program

Obscence ArticlesTribunal

Library/ Archive Bar Association Conference Area Auditorium Restaurants Cafe Observation Deck Underground Car park (50)

Program reshuffle

ED IN BU RGH PLAZA

public parking/ entrance

PUBLIC auditorium

This is the well known tourist attraction in the central London. Contemporary art installation has been hosted along with other commemorative statues and sculptures. The square is also used for political demonstrations and community gatherings, such as the celebration of New Year’s Eve.

retail restaurant cultural space

MUSEUM

Small Claims Tribunal

Being the largest park in London, it has held many major events in the past including the Great Exhibition of 1851. It has become a traditional location for mass demonstrations, with the Speaker’s Corner which holds political debates form time to time. It has also been the venue for some famous rock concerts and seasonal events for entertainment purposes.

Written Master Plan

plan illustration

bridge

cafes

CONNAUGHT ROAD

Eastern Kowloon City Kwun Tong Tsuen Wan Fanling Shatin Tuen Wan

PRIVATE

ancillary spaces

Point of interest

events

DES VOEUX ROAD

PUBLIC OFFICE

hearing room

market

general infomation

=192m² =60m² =800m² =400m²

PUBLIC AMENITIES

Simplification of operations and court structures Competent Operations confront problems before court

clerk’s office

observation space

archive

underground6m² x 32 connection 6m² x 10 Waiting Area 100m² x8 Chambers 25m² x 16 Clerk’s Office 200m² Jury Assembly 100m² Court Registry Office 500m² x2 Administrative Office 1,600m² Account Office Support Staff Office Human Recourse Office Judicial Program Public Realm Receipt and Dispatch Office Hong Kong Judiciary Office 300m² Bailiff Office 200m² Legal Aid Office 200m² Mediation Information Office 100m² SemiOffice Press and Public Relations 100m² public Private Public Resourse Center for Unrepresented Litigants 100m² Press Room 100m² Information Desk 50m²

DOMESTIC WORKERS

administrative office

courtroom legal aid

18 Observation space 17 Hearing room/courtroom 16 Jury space 15 Clerk’s office 14 Administrative office 13 Chambers 12 Legal spaces 11 Law enforcement spaces 10 Probation, health and welfare spaces 9 Legal Aid 8 Library/ Archive 7 Auditorium/ Conference Room

COURT FACILITIES

JUDEGE

Lands Tribunal Labour Tribunal

Landmark - eat

Statue Square -

lunch rest historic site

HSBC -

meeting point St. John’s Cathedral -

shop

worship social

tourist spot landmark

GE

ED

nodes

retail restaurant cultural space

landmarks

Program reshuffle

Public confidence Maintain its vitality Responsive to the needs of society Offer helps to those in need Everyone treated equally Assistance takes an educational form Simplification of operations and court structures Competent Operations confront problems before court

Planning Area

Function

New Waterfront Edge

Function

public connector

New Destination

civic center

n Tong - Kwu Hom ral Hung Cent ral Cent

Existing Destination Landmarks View Points

VICTORIA HARBOUR

Connections Star Ferry Terminal

[connaught plaza] [chater road]

[connaught plaza] [lung wo road]

C

pier Market Hall

thematic park

Festival Pier

public connector

B

commerce

A

PIER DISTRICT

waterfront

city urban garden public functions

C

A

commerce

civic center

B

commerce

IFC

FINANCIAL DISTRICT

WATERFRONT DISTRICT (OPEN PARK)

Market SquareWATERFRONT DISTRICT

(ENTERTAINMENT)

Sculpture Park

Hong Kong Flyer

[statue square]

[holy land]

[holy land]

CIVIC CONCOURSE

Edinburgh Place

CULTURAL DISTRICT

GOVERNMENT DISTRICT Government Office

The Cenotaph

[hsbc]

[chater garden]

[cannaught road]

[memorial garden] [edinburgh plaza]

[waterfront masterplan]

[central pier]

[hsbc]

[chater garden]

[memorial garden] [edinburgh plaza]

1

2

City Hall -

Bank of China -

Statue Square

LegCo Chater Garden HSBC

HISTORIC DISTRICT

FINANCIAL DISTRICT Bank of China

FINANCIAL DISTRICT

Lung Wo Road

Connaught Road

Des Voeux Road Central

Creating Destinations in the City

Linked and Connection between City and Waterfront

museum tourist spot

Former Legco Building -

Chater Road

Charter Garden

Connecting Surrounding Open Public Space

transport view

landmark food

4

Statue Square HSBC Covered Plaza

WEEKEND GATHER

library

ADMIN OFFICE

Court of appeal Court of First Instance

District Court

Magistrates’ Courts

x 10

passage parking parking service

Parking

hang out

gather hang out events

3

EVENT

NOTES

parking

Offer helps to those in need Everyone treated equally Assistance takes an educational form

District Courts

t r a n s p oConsultation rt Room drop off area Witness Room

chambers

Public confidence Maintain its vitality Responsive to the needs of society

courtcourt court public network

Hearing room/courtroom 120m² x 16 =1,920m² public square street city centertrade

legal aid public service High Courts atrium exhibition space x6

prvate parking/ entrance

Lyndhurst Terrace - shop

Connaught Plaza

privateroomroomroomLibraryarchive 24-hours roof garden market auditorium conference forum mediaspace event space

legal space

Court Complex permeability

waterfront

jury spaces

STAFF

Statue Square -

TFL

Program consolidation

offices Civic Concourse SOA work enclosed space

probation, health and welfare spaces

public

law enforcement spaces

shop social

Charter Garden -

TFL

building conditions

crime statistics

World Wide House -

lunch

Urban Strategy

Train

City Hall Memorial Garden

38 sq.m.

London

1700 km²

observation deck slowness foodwaiting

support chambers

38 sq.m. legal spaces

London

1700 km²

High Court

Efficient Operations

supoort public service

medical

26 sq.m.

1,200 km²

700 km²

Judicial Assistance

Court of Final Appeal New York

Singapore

office

8 sq.m.

Judicial System

Public Confidence

1,200 km²

enviromental data

parking

courthouses

detention

walkable sittable

historic

accessible

New York

sanitation rating

attractive

convenient

pedestrain activity

PUBLIC Public Realm

meeting point lunch

Edinburgh Plaza

urban landscape

safe

MTR STATION

restaurants

PUBLIC FACILITIES

retails

retail sales

real

IFC -

eat shop hang out

Train

TFL

km

CHATER GARDEN

transit usage

plazas

TFL

TFL

social hang out

Peter Tourist Central Waterfront -

meet friends

Central Waterfornt

26 sq.m.

property values

special

Environment and Facilities

public

vital

Public Space

700 km²

walkable

observation welfare deck

Access For All - Hong Kong Judicial Complex

residential

fun

Public Utilization

Sociability

Singapore

TFL Train

0.5

6,300 km²

PEDESTRIANISED CHATER ROAD

volunteerism

Accessibility

active

8 sq.m.

stewardship

coperaative

neighborly welcoming

proximity

supoort public service

evening use

volunteerism

Judicial Program

probation

court

law enforcement

land use diverse

8 sq.m.

public parking/ entrance

6,300 km²

Roxanna Domestic Worker Central Waterfront -

chat hang out

Statue Square -

Public - Private

urban landscape

2,200 km²

office

Public Utilization

Environment & Facilities Shanghai

Tokyo

1,100 km²

courthouses

5 sq.m.

PUBLIC

Hong Kong

TFL

8 sq.m.

Shanghai

Public

local business ownership

number of women, children and elderly

Sociability street life

2 sq.m.

governmental

auditorium commercial

work eat shop social

Statue Square -

TFL

TFL

legal

IFC -

Festival Marketplace Covent Garden 1:10000

Train

Main Components Private

ancillary spaces

It has a strong historic background, the original fish market has became a commercial area. With modern tourist malls featuring restaurants, shopping and nightlife, it attracts many tourists. Revitalization strategy of modern shopping areas has turned the museum int0 a greater tourist attraction.

Sports and Outdoor Concerts Wembley Stadium 1:10000

New Years Celebration River Thames 1:10000

Central Waterfront -

eat

TFL

6 km²

5 sq.m.

Semi public

Hong Kong 1,100 km²

observation space

Home ballpark for the New York Yankees and the New York City Football Club. This has a strong symbolic meaning to the New Yorkers as a home for their team. A museum displays Yankees’ memorabilia along with wide choice of restaurants, it becomes a place to gather the fans from around the world. The capacity is large enough to allows music concerts to be held in this stadium.

TFL

TFL

Present

2 km²

hearing room

communication

archive

Political Demonstration Parliament Square 1:10000

Public Realm

1980

Metropolitan Environmental Quality Comparison courtroom

Commercial intersection that is one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions, brightly adorned with billboards and advertisements along with various events and street performances. Annual New Year’s Eve celebrations attracts millions of people gather for the count down as a year round attraction.

The park has historically been the start or the end point for many political demonstrations, now became primary public gathering point for mourners. Greenmarket is held regularly on weekdays by a number of regional farmers, serving more than 250,000 customers per week. This is a popular meeting place, given its central location in Manhattan and its many nearby subway routes with many bars and restaurants.

IFC / Exchange Square Popular Tourist Area Trafalgar Square 1:10000

Public Event Space Hyde Park 1:10000

Orignal Program Judicial Program

legal aid

A commercial complex but also a hot spot for tourist.

It’s planning allows to draw people into the heart of the complex with seasonal events and other public elements. Being a National Historic Landmark helps to draw tourist to the area but also create a symbolic meaning to the people of the city.

Ada Student

chat smoke hang out

TFL

1960

Per capita area of public open space 5,000 10,000 (km²) population density

MTA

Jimmy Office Worker

Being the largest open space in New York City, it allows many recreation activates such as cycling, roller skate and seasonal activities. Music festivals are available to be held in the large open spaces on special dates while picnic / relaxation activities happens throughout the year on different seasons.

Public Transit

“Although this is a nice place, it is missing something ...”

MTA

Central Waterfront -

NOTES

tram line bus route mtr

car route

Vehicle Route

“ I enjoy coming here every Sunday meeting my friends.”

MTA

MTA

MTA

underground level MTR exits

Underground Pedestrian Connection

“ I am only meeting my friends here, Then, we go elsewhere.”

MTA

MTA

MTA

CONTEXT

chambers 1940

pedestrian route

Walking Route

“ I am quite surprised there are so few people around.”

MTA

MTA

1 km

JUDEGE administrative office

0

4 km 12 minutes

1 Underground Car park

health and welfare spaces

enforcement spaces

Road

Site Users

Festival Marketplace South Street Seaport 1:10000

Future - Unknown

3 Urban Landscapes/ Roof 2 Observation Deck

legal spaces

?

Underground Connection

Development of Public OpenlawSpace inprobation, Hong Kong

Lung Wo

MTA

MTA

enviromental data

5 Retails 4 Restaurants

Elevated Walkway

Centra

3

MTA

MTA

MTA

MTA

MTA

6 Plazas

Markets

l

Road 4

Associated with the former fruit and vegetable market in the central square, now a popular shopping and tourist site, and the Royal Opera House. Attractions driven by the central square with its street performers, theaters and entertainment facilities, including the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and the London Transport Museum.

Sports and Outdoor Concerts Yankee Stadium 1:10000

New Years Celebratation Times Square 1:10000

Political Demonstration Union Square 1:10000

crime statistics

18 Observation space 17 Hearing room/courtroom 16 Jury space 15 Clerk’s office 14 Administrative office 13 Chambers 12 Legal spaces 11 Law enforcement spaces 10 Probation, health and welfare spaces 9 Legal Aid 8 Library/ Archive 7 Auditorium/ Conference Room

Streets

Used as a multi purpose stadium where currently the Home ground for Shanghai East Asia football club.

Being one of the largest football stadium in the world, it has held many sport events opening ceremony as well as other cultural events such as music concerts.

Overview Popular Tourist Area Fifth Avenue - Rockefeller Center 1:10000

Public Event Space Central Park 1:10000

building conditions

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 parking

4

ught

attractive

convenient

pedestrain activity

r Road

Conna

sittable

walkable

Centr

1

sanitation rating Podium Garden

Environment and Facilities Covered Plazas walkable

Accessibility

volunteerism Urban Squares connected

Urban Parks

Road

Chate

This is one of the most famous tourist destinations as well as an iconic place for Shanghai. The promenade allows the capture the skyline of Shanghai with the former Shanghai International Settlement as backdrop.

Light show and fire works gathers people around the world on New Years’ Eve for a festive celebration.

The park’s central location makes it the main spot for rallies and demonstrations in Shanghai where the Governments head quarters are located. With several major museums and Shanghai’s main shopping street nearby, it is also one of the top tourist destinations in the city.

- TST

Accessibility

Voeux

2

An affluent car free shopping, eating, entertainment district reconstituted traditional stone gate houses on narrow alleys. Tourist are attracted by the active nightlife on weekdays as well as weekends though romantic setting.

Cen tral

Evolution of Public Space in Hong Kong

Des

Although the park was built for the expo exhibition, the space is now became an area for tourists, and host events such as music festivals and exhibition. Visitors can walk along the riverside and enjoy the landscaping combines Western and Chinese gardening styles.

NOTES

safe

proximity

l

al

EVENT

retail sales

real Public Space

Centra

Site Circulation

Metro

property values

vital Public Utilization

Sociability

welcoming

0s

Metro

active

coperaative neighborly volunteerism

Environment & Facilities

188

Road Central

Street

diverse stewardship

r Road

Pedder

street life

Chate

Des Voeux

Queen

’s Road

evening use

ass

Conna Metro

Metro

Public Utilization

i Byp

Wo Road

1950s

-184

Pre

Metro

186

Metro

l - Wa

n Cha

Str

Metro

CONTEXT 12 minutes 1km

local business ownership

number of women, children and elderly

Sociability

tra

eet

0s

Sequence of Public Experience

historic value

tourist spot landmark

Present 6 km²

Concourse Entrance Sectional Perspective

Court House Sectional Perspective

Mega Court Sectional Perspective

65

Final Panel

67