Thesis Proposal

Portland Ecological Aquatic Center

jim lutzke thesis proposal willamette central reach university of oregon m. arch fall 2011

INTRODUCTION - Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Contents

Thesis Statement PROGRAM Overview

Key Elements

Concept/Adjacency Diagram

Space Requirements

Space Matrix SITE

Willamette Waterways Context / Neightborhood Profile Location Analysis Site Photographs Site Activity Diagram

PRECEDENTS Hammarby Sjostad Stockholm Tennessee Aquarium Chattanooga

Monterey Bay Aquarium Monterey Riverquarium Albany Genoa Aquarium Genoa

Quai du Chatelet Orleans SOURCES Publications Websites Interviews

INTRODUCTION - Thesis Statement Portland Ecological Aquatic Center Historically Americas cities have been founded on waterways for ease of transport and commerce. The working waterfront has been diminished or even disappearred in many cities and has cut off the public from the waterfont. Cities across america have placed an importance on the connection between the residents and the water and rehabilitating what was once a money making source and business presence back into a community asset.

Oregon is known for its connection to nature and even leads the nation with the most designated Wild & Scenic Rivers at 48. Portland has been leading the way in many sustainable practices but in terms of waterfront rehabilitation and restoration the impact has been minimal. Portland’s Office of Healthy Working Rivers is working to change this. There is an opportunity to enhance the river’s connection within the downtown area and be a global example of how urban waterfronts can be habitat friendly areas for indigenous wildlife.

The Ecological Aquatic Center is a preservation and conservation aquarium for freshwater wildlife in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). The project is focused on the creation and preservation of the Willamette Valley and greater Pacific Northwest ecosystem. The specific goal is to restore a natural environment in which wildlife can be seen without the need for a large tanks. And to provide a place for researching this restored habitat in the urban setting.

The Program will have three key elements: •

Discovery

•

Exploration

•

Revitalization

The site for the PEAC is on land owned by the Portland Development Commission know as the Crescent (between the Hawthorne and Marquam bridge). Similar to past proposals for this site by both Martha Schwartz and George Hargreaves the PEAC site will be a natural environment. With the emphasis on research the PEAC program also fits in with the Central Reach Plan recently designating the SE as the Innovation Quadrant.

PROGRAM - Overview The Portland Ecological Aquatic Center (PEAC) is a place to see nature thrive in an urban setting. Instead of clearing away nature for building; the natural environment plays a big role in the built environment. The PEAC is a space for public education and scientific learning of the ins and outs of the Pacific Northwest waterways, from glacier streams to coastal estuaries.

Client: Collaboration between METRO (who operates the Oregon Zoo) the Willamette River Restoration (operated by the Meyer Memorial Trust) and possibly in conjuction with Oregon State University (who runs the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport) Users: Biologists and other Ecologists with university graduate student studying the Willamette and Columbia watersheds Children, in school groups and individual families coming to discover the aquatic world above and below the waters surface.

Everyday Portland commuters travelling on the Eastbank Esplanade Location: Portland Oregon: Eastside of the Willamette River 001 Southeast Clay Street: between the Hawthorne Bridge and the Marquam Bridge

PROGRAM - Key Elements 1) Discovery: An hands on interpretive center for the community: giving lessons to children to encourage fishing & other river recreation activities providing a closer connection to the water downtown.

2) Exploration: A place for research and study (from school children to graduate research) of the local river, associated water shed, and its aquatic wildlife.

3) Revitalization: Riverfront restoration, removal of riprap and/or sea wall to recreate the natural waters edge and support wildlife friendly habitat areas along the central reach of the Willamette.

PROGRAM - Concept/Adjaceny Diagram DISCOVERY

05 Public Spaces 01 Entry Lobby 02 Ticketing 03 Event Gathering 04 04 Cafe 05 Store 06 School Gathering 07 Enclosed Exhibit

EXPLORATION

01

03

07

06

02 10 15

16

08

Research Spaces 08 Reseach Labs 09 Science Office 10 Curatorial Office 11 Food Prep 12 Holding Tanks 13 Life Support 14 Storage

18

REVITALIZATION

Outdoor Spaces 15 Large Habitat 16 Interactive Exhibit 17 Salmon Ladder 18 Viewing Platforms

09

11 12

14

13

17

PROGRAM - Space Requirements Indoor Spaces

Area (sf)

Entry Lobby 1000 Ticketing 400 Event Gathering 2000 Cafe 1200 Store 1200 School Gathering 1000 Enclosed Exhibit 2400 Reseach Labs 6000 Science Office 480 Curatorial Office 480 Food Prep 400 Holding Tanks 2000 Life Support 4000 Storage 1000 23,560 Total Indoor SF

Outdoor Spaces

Area (sf)

Large Habitat 12000 Interactive Exhibit 2400 Salmon Ladder 800 View Platforms 1400 16,600 Total Outdoor SF 40,160 Total Built Space SF

PROGRAM - Space Matrix Indoor Spaces Indoor Spaces Entry Lobby

Area Height (sf) (ft) Occupancy 1000 16 Visitors and staff passing into the building

Equipment/ Furnishings Wayfinding signage, vertical circulation, seating

Systems & Sustainability Criteria Access to daylight and operable fenestration.

Adjacency Contribution to Requirements Operating Budget Access off Clay N/A Street or Water Aveune

Experiential Goals Building program introduction and gateway encouraging tourists, schools, and everyday Portlanders to visit.

Function Direct street access, clearly viewed from the street and or esplanade.

Welcoming first interaction with visitors

Collects entry fees.

400

8

Two - four Queue line Mechanically Next to lobby guest services formation, ventilated to staff members reception desk offset entrance lobby.

Ticket revenue.

Gathering and wayfinding point for groups and tours.

2000

24

Accommodate over 100 people seated at tables

Near lobby, visible from entry, outddor acess for larger crowds, close to restrooms.

Rentable space to varying functions: fashion show, weddings, dances, conferences...

Cafe

Laid back space Offering snacks with relaxing break and drinks to from hustling of patrons. exhibits

1200

12

Accommadate Tables, chairs, Access to 12 patrons and counter space, daylight and 2 staff. refridgerator, operable POS terminal fenestration.

Near Event space and close to exhibits.

Exclusive caterring of inhouse events.

Store

Goodbye to the researchers and animals

Exhibit exit with 1200 space for display and sales of merchandise

12

Accommodate Shelving, Daylight if 30 patrons at a display racks, possible. time POS terminals

Next to exhibit Store sales profit. space.

Ticketing

Wow place for Event Gathering relaxing, meeting friends, and watching fish & people. The place everyone wants to have their wedding, dance, meeting.

Free standing tables and chairs for varying events

Mechanically ventilated, acoustic separation for daytime events.

PROGRAM - Space Matrix Indoor Spaces Indoor Area Height Equipment/ Spaces Experiential Goals Function (sf) (ft) Occupancy Furnishings 1000 8 Aquatic themed Large Accommadate Chairs and School large class size tables.

Gathering space for classroom conference room type learning. with space to and leave chaperones, belongings. up to 35 people.

Systems & Sustainability Adjacency Contribution to Criteria Requirements Operating Budget Mechanically Near lobby and Rentable space for ventilated, restrooms. school groups. daylight if possible.

Enclosed Exhibit

Experiential space Exotic or delicate 2400 with lighting to wildlife showcase exhibits. exhibitions.

12

Capacity for 50 Exhibit tanks, people to roam staff freely. presentation tables

Mechanically Near enty and Attraction that draws ventilated and other exhibit patronage. away from spaces. daylight.

Reseach Labs

Views from public space exhibiting the research as much as the wildlife.

6000 Space for biologists and other researchers to study and experimentation.

16

Accommadate upto 16 scientists and assistants

Fixed cabinets and counters, holding tanks, shelving, stools

Mechanically ventilated, piping to holding tanks, laboratory gas, multiple sinks

Next to large exhibit for research access.

Science Office

Research sanctuary Office space for for quiet meetings researchers. and contemplative study.

480

8

Accommodate 6–10 peple during business hours

Desks, Chairs, Conference tables, partitions

Access to daylight and operable fenestration

near the Possible extra office laboratories; space to be rented biologists active out to researchers. in the science

480

8

Accommodate 4-8 peple during business hours

Desks, Chairs, Conference tables, partitions

Access to daylight and operable fenestration

Away from but Assists in booking in view of public events and and gathering managing research spaces. department.

Curatorial Open, closed offices and Office conference rooms overlooking entry/ticketing or event space or exhibit space

Office space for building staff.

Research grant funding.

PROGRAM - Space Matrix Indoor Spaces Indoor Spaces Experiential Goals Function Spacious well lit Wildlife meal Food Prep space for making kitchen. food.

Systems & Area Height Equipment/ Sustainability Adjacency Contribution to (sf) (ft) Occupancy Furnishings Criteria Requirements Operating Budget 400 8 Accomadate 2- Refridgerator, Mechanically Near holding Supports patron 4 people. sinks, counters ventilated with tanks, research attractions. access to labs, and daylight. exhibits.

Holding Tanks

Open and roomy for Tanks for moving and treating animals not in of animals exhibits.

2000

16

Accomadate 2 Tables, Mechanically Near exhibits people per shelving, tanks ventilated and and research tank. away from labs. daylight.

Supports patron attractions.

Life Support

4000 Ample space for Filtration piping adjustment to water for exhibit water. filtration piping systems

24

Accomadate 2- Few chairs, 4 people. shelving

Mechanically ventilated and acoustically separated from public space.

Close to support fed exhibits and away from public space.

N/A

Storage

Efficient and Stoarge for all organized space for departments. keeping unsed and overstok items.

1000

24

Accomadate 2- Shelving 4 people.

Access to daylight and operable fenestration

disbursed throughout for use by all departments, near elevator

N/A

23,560 Total Indoor SF

PROGRAM - Space Matrix Outdoor Spaces Systems & Outdoor Area Height Equipment/ Sustainability Adjacency Contribution to Spaces Experiential Goals Function (sf) (story) Occupancy Furnishings Criteria Requirements Operating Budget Natural habitat in Open air 12000 N/A Thriving micro Natural habitat. N/A Near Salmon Attraction that draws Large the hear tof the city. recreated natural ecosystem. ladder, patronage.

Habitat habitat. research labs, and gathering space.

Open enclosures 2400 Interactive Playful and engaging total with ability to Exhibit sensory experience. touch the animals.

N/A

N/A Accomadate Benches, 40 patrons and tables, created 4 staff. habitat.

Salmon Ladder

Space for kinetic wildlife.

Shallow waterfall for salmon to swin up and spawn.

800

N/A

Space for upstream jumping salmon.

View Platforms

Calm dais with 360 Elevated decks degree sight lines. for viewing large habitat and downtown across the river.

1400

N/A

Benches Accomadate 10 people per platform.

16,600 Total Outdoor SF

40,160 Total Built Space SF

Waterfall.

Near holding Attraction that draws tanks, research patronage. labs, and public space.

N/A

Wildlife access Attraction that draws between large patronage. habitat and river.

N/A

Sight lines to Supports patron large habitat, attractions. salmon ladder, and Willamette.

SITE - Willamette Waterways Willamette River and associated waterways in Oregon and Washington

Willamette River in Portland

Eastbank Crescent

SITE - Context / Neighborhood Profile Central Eastside Urban Renewal Area OR STATE OFFICE

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The south end of the central reach could bridge gaps between central city/downtown and residential/neighborhoods with a industrial district. The site between the Marquam Bridge and Ross Island Bridge could help spur development in much of the now vacant south waterfront land and would have great public access with the new Portland-Milwaukie light rail bridge.

This location near OMSI and the Opera House also creates an interesting museum district with potential to revitalize under used, abandoned, or blighted urban areas.

The crescent site adjacent to OMSI also benefits from the strong connection with the IMAX theater.

500

1,000

2,000 Feet

ROSE CITY VETRINARY

ND BRG ROS S ISLA

SE POWELL BLVD

SE 6TH AVE

FD

This map was created by the Portland Development Commission (PDC) GIS. Every reasonable effort has been made to assure the accuracy of these maps and associated data. However, inadvertent errors can occur and the PDC does not assume any responsibility for omissions or positional accuracy. This information is presented "as is" and without warranties, either expressed or implied. Information Sources: Portland Development Commission Geographic Information Systems (GIS), City of Portland Corporate GIS. May 2011

SITE - Location Analysis

SITE SIZE approx. 3.9 ACRES

The new PEAC is sited along both the downtown river walk and public transit.

Traffic flows with & crosses the river but the river is not the destin ation.

The PEAC builds upon existing attractions near the eastbank esplanade.

SITE - Photographs

WATERFRONT INTERACTION 01

BUILT INTERACTION 01

PUBLIC INTERACTION 01

WATERFRONT INTERACTION 02

BUILT INTERACTION 02

PUBLIC INTERACTION 02

WATERFRONT INTERACTION 03

BUILT INTERACTION 03

PUBLIC INTERACTION 03

SITE- Site Activity Diagram DISCOVERY

Public Spaces 01 Street 02 Eastbank Esplanade 03 Viewing Platforms

02

03

06

EXPLORATION

Research Spaces 04 Portland Ecological

Aquatic Center 05 Large Habitat 06 Interactive Exhibit

REVITALIZATION

Outdoor Spaces 07 Salmon Ladder 08 Restored Shoreline 09 River

07 09 04

08

01

05 03

06

08

02

03

PRECEDENTS PROJECT

PRECEDENT TYPE BUILDING

Hammarby Sjostad Stockholm, Sweden Tennessee Aquarium Chattanooga, TN Monterey Bay Aquarium Monterey, CA Riverquarium Albany, GA Genoa Aquarium Genoa, Italy Quai du Chatelet Orleans, France

PROGRAM

WATERFRONT

PRECEDENT - Hammarby Sjostad The Hammarby Sjostad development south of downtown Stockholm is an global model for development focused on the environemnt. City bought land is privately developed under district guidelines established by the Stockholm City Planning Bureau.

PROJEC T RELEVANCE restored natural shoreline urban ecological development water remediation turned into public park

PRECEDENT - Tennessee Aquarium The Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga, TN is part of the cities overall urban development plan, including a 2 acre plaza on the river that connects with a 22 mile long river walk. Increasing development in all aspects of the community Chattanooga has become a two or three day destination with the freshwater aquarium at its center.

PROJEC T RELEVANCE devoted freshwater aquarium public park with numerous water features part of overall river master plan public water access

PRECEDENT - Monterey Bay Aquarium Pacific winds bring cold nutrients to Monterey Bay making it an extremely friendly habitat for all aquatic wildlife. The Monterey Bay Aquarium has revamped one of the old cannery plants and turned the industrial waterfront into a civic attraction.

PROJEC T RELEVANCE outdoor tidal pool exhibit undirected circulation for self discovery renovated/recreated old sardine cannery

PRECEDENT - Flint Riverquarium The Flint Riverquarium by Antoine Predock focuses on a Blue Hole ( a geological feature of southern Georgia where the water stays a constant 68 degrees). The design can be described, “as if the Riverquarium had risen around an untamed condition�

- Alemar. The building is off the water to stay clear of the 100 and 500 year flood plains that damaged much of the town with a 4 year stretch.

PROJEC T RELEVANCE large recreated natural habitat visitor has spatial engagement with exhibit exterior forms evoke a landform

PRECEDENT - Genoa Aquarium The Genoa Aquarium (the first modern aquarium in Europe) was built as part of numerous project on the harbor in conjunction with a Columbus festival. The Mediterrenean focused exhibits are above and below sea level while pedestrian movement is unimpeded at grade.

PROJEC T RELEVANCE part of large urban revitalization project public access all along waters edge local ecosystem exhibits

PRECEDENT - Quai du Chatelet The river Loire which lost its status as a waterway due to navigability had turned into an abandoned urban purlieu with little relation to the city. UNESCO named the Lorie Valley as a natural and cultural world heritage and changed Orleans ideas about the river from turning its back on the water to embracing it. The Loire Green Grid project was founded to use natural and built potential of the valley to increase tourism and relationships with the river. The main implementation is a 25 meter wide promenade park.

PROJEC T RELEVANCE natural shoreline public water access long public waterfront path

SOURCES - Publications Minton, Eric. Staying in the Swim: Why aquariums succeed or fail. 2003. Planning. June.

Look at three aquariums at differing levels of success: Denver, Tampa, Chattanooga. Formerly city owned Denver Aquarium is soon to reopen as a for profit facility. Florida Aquarium in Tampa Bay bought by the city with a large amount of adjacent land to create a visitor centered distict. And the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga, TN that has been one part of a larger downtown community revitalization including: restaurants, housing, cineplex, hotel, and pedestrian bridge. Even with the Gatlinburg, TN zoo and Aquarium of the Smokies not far away all three facilities are thriving.

Breen, Ann. Whose watrerfront is it anyway. 1990. Planning. February.

Dicusses four issues involved in waterfont access with examples of each. Proving public access is possible and successful; Newport, RI costal path skirts hundred year old mansions. Physical- see, touch, hear, and step out over. Psychological- open space that also feels accessible. Visual- lowrise & views but latent wall at water versus highrise & no view with open space. Economic- avoidance of very rich or very poor ghettos along the waterfront.

Guskind, Robert. Fish or Foul: Just how many aquariums does the world really need. 1990. Planning. May. Emphasis on urban planning of aquarium additions creating a miracle in development similar to how festival marketplaces around the country have failed after coping Faneuil Hall model. Aquariums in Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, and Monterey have made successful aquariums look easy, but they are all grade A facilities. Differing themes and exhibits in well run first class aquariums will allow for more smaller aquariums to succeed.

Holzer, Christoph. Riverscapes: Designing Urban Embankments. 2008. Birkhauser. Basel Analysis of the urban areas along the Rhine river in the Colonge/Bonn region. Focused identification of riverfront projects that add quality, visibly enhance, and increase value to the region. Analysis also provides suggestions for other riverscapes. Ecologically centered projects including: Berges du Rhone-Lyon, FR, Parc de Gerland-Lyon, FR, Klenzenpark & Donaupromenade-Ingolstadt, DE, and Quai du Chatelet-Orleans, FR. Genoa Aquarium. 1994. Process : architecture.

The first modern aquarium in Europe came about for the Columbus Exposition. The building attributes include: a public attraction, educational institution, research center, and marine mammal rescue center. The whole Genoa harbor now blends history (15th and 20th century), habitat, animals, and cultural perpectives. The aquarium has levels above and below sea level leaving the grade open to the public.

Schmertz, Milfred F. 1985. A new Aquarium for Cannery Row: Monterry Bay. Arch Record Feburary.

Old sardine processing plant saved by daughters of Hewltt Packard founders and the Hopkins Marine Station. Cold ocean winds create unique ecosystem in Monterey Bay. Most of existing facility torn down and rebuilt for aquairum use in the same footprint. Strong contextual relationship with cannery row. Open and undirected circulation inside.

C.R.S. Boston’s Underwater Environment. 1969. Progressive Architecture. December.

The New England Aquarium is considered an Aquaseum with its graphic displays, underwater photograhpy exhibit, and other visual variety inside of a simple box exterior.

The main feature is a giant 40’ diameter 23’ tall salt water tank visitor circle up to view the wildlife. It is like the “Guggenheim spiral inside the Corbu scheme and filling the space of the Guggenheim with water” says Peter Chermayeff. Includes diagrams of tank support piping and tank edge details.

Gunts, Edward. Cathedral of Conservation. 1992. Architectural Record. September.

Cambridge 7 project with a emphasis on freshwater habitats and the Tennessee River ecosystem. Peter Chermayeff says about the design, “the river as a story line, linear sequence, literally from its beginning in the Great Smoky mountains through its midstream and down to the Mississippi delta.” Also covered is the two acre plaza along the river that include many water interactive features.

SOURCES - Publications, Websites, Interviews Amelar, Sarah. After torrential floods, Albany, Georgia, reinvents itself with a centerpiece by Antoine Predock : a Riverquarium celebrating local aquatic culture. 2005.

Architecural Record. May. “smalltown USA, meets a poweful natural system” - Antoine Predock on the Flint Rivers 1994 500 year flood and 1998 100 year flood. This article discusses the Flint Riverquarium in Albany, GA. The main attration, which exterior but viewed from inside, is a the Blue Hole a local southeast geolocial feature which has a unique microclimate.

The building has a blank/muted exterior that shields and frames the interior experience.

HAMMARBY SJOSTADT Hargreaves Assocites, Planners. Eastbank Riverfront Park Master Plan. Portland. 1994.

Master plan proposal for new parks, public space, and civic amenities along Portland’s eastbank. Conditions and considerations analyzed include: regional context, hydrology, zoning, and river use. The proposed park concept is drawn from the former use of the eastbank; farmland. Object structures surrounded by public space. Some of the new amenities proposed by Hargreaves are a park at the cresent, a public market, a beach, a marsh, a riverwalk in addition to the esplanade, and an overlook restaurant.

Portland Development Commision. 2009. Central Eastside urban Renewal Area. Portland. http://www.pdc.us/ura/eastside.asp. 12.october2011.

PDC website outlines objectives and goals of the eastside URA. Covering zoning, completed & current projects, and future potential.

Martha Schwartz Partners. Cresent Eastbank Riverside Park. Cambrige. http://www.marthaschwartz.com/projects/crescent.html. 25.november.2011

Proposed project for public park along Portland’s eastside in the crescent location.

Meyer Memorial Trust. Willamette River Restoration. Portland. http://www.mmt.org/willamette-river-basin-restoration. 08.november.2011.

The Meyer Memorial Trust has or will invest upto $12 million by 2014 to increase the health of the Willamette River. Through projects focused on both the mainstream and tributaries the MMT looks to tackle ecological, institutional, and social challenges of restoring the Willamette.

Campbell, Lee. Project Manager Oregon Zoo. interview. 25.october.2011.

Cascade Stream and Pond & penguin exhibit details

Bates, Jocelyn & Cusak, Dennis. SRG Partnership – Oregon Coast Aquarium. Intervierw. 09.november. 2011.

aquarium design / northwest influence on layout / themes

Kilduff, Kevin & Brier, Ann. Office of Healthy Working Rivers - Portland. Interview. 01.november.2011.

Portland locations / habitat friendly features

Carpenter, Tim. Curator of Fish and Invertebrates - Seattle Aquarium. Interview. 05.november. 2011.

general aquarium layout / behind the scenes operations / security

jim lutzke thesis proposal willamette central reach university of oregon m. arch fall 2011