Mountain Top Eco-Industrial Park: A Renewable Energy Approach for Industrial Park Development
Jing Chu Master of Landscape Architecture West Virginia University
BACKGROUND-SURFACE MINING Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_mining
An estimated 100,000 coal mines occupying millions of acres of land throughout Appalachia, which were mined prior to 1977, were abandoned or were reclaimed and closed with a minimal degree of restoration.
Upper Potomac Coalfield
PROCESS OF SURFACE MINING
Surface mining began in the mid-sixteenth century. It is now the predominant form of mining in coal beds in Appalachia and America’s Midwest
Step 1. Layers of rock and dirt above the coal (called overburden) are removed
Step 2. The upper seams of coal are removed with spoils placed in an adjacent valley
Step 3. Draglines excavate lower layers of coal with spoils placed in spoil piles
Step 4. Regrading begins as coal excavation continues
Step 5. Once coal removal is complete, final regrading takes place and the area is revegetated http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaintop_removal_mining#cite_note-usatoday-10
BACKGROUND-SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PARKS The Northern West Virginia Brownfields Assistance Center (NBAC) at West Virginia University (WVU) and the Center at Marshall University (SBAC) promotes economic development and environmental and public health protection through innovative redevelopment of brownfields sites in West Virginia NBAC and SBAC produced an inventory of 612 coal mine sites throughout West Virginia for the development of sustainable energy parks (SEPs) Mountain Top Industrial Park in Grant County meets selection criteria that could be focused on for the creation of a comprehensive SEP development plan The application for the SEP Request for Proposals (RFP) of Mountain Top Industrial park site was submitted by the Grant County Development Authority (EDAs) by Jan. 31, 2012 Source: Sustainable Energy Parks on Mine-Scarred Lands in Appalachia
MOUNTAIN TOP INDUSTRIAL PARK Mountain Top Industrial Park is located within Upper Potomac Coalfield, which is around 182 Acres. The coalfield, which was named after the North Branch of the Potomac River that drains the region, occurs in both Maryland and West Virginia. Mining began in the 1880’s. Most of the coalfield was served by the Western Maryland Railroad, which intersected with the B&O near Keyser, WV.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS Surface mining creates economic and environmental challenges on adjacent sites
Sustainable practices (green infrastructure) will be designed to reduce stormwater runoff and mimic ecological processes using soil and plant mediums to cleanse, cool and slow water instead of traditional stormwater conventions
PURPOSE OF STUDY Take advantage of infrastructure associated with previous industrial transportation and the local workforce’s knowledge of energy Create new opportunities for the region that has lost its economic drivers surface mines and coal prep plant Apply the components of sustainable energy including biomass, wind and solar and mixed use development to match new development to current trends in education and nature-based tourism
GOALS & OBJECTIVES
Give the county the guidance it needs in helping to develop ecoindustrial park in western Grant County
Provide a source of reliable, locally-produced clean energy and contribute to eco-tourism. Serve as an educational resource to local schools, universities and business groups
ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARK An eco-industrial park (EIP) is an industrial park in which businesses cooperate with each other and with the local community in an attempt to reduce waste and pollution, efficiently share resources, and help achieve sustainable development, with the intention of increasing economic gains and improving environmental quality. Case Study The TaigaNova Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) is a showcase industrial development in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. It uses green infrastructure and innovative sustainable design approaches resulting in a higher quality industrial development. * Parks and trails make a better working environment * Pedestrian connectivity allowing people to easily walk or bicycle between businesses and to amenity areas * Alternative stormwater management is designed as both an amenity and habitat * Landscape design that is consistent with Community Placemaking, ensuring that the industrial park is an attractive gateway * Green energy is designed in the park Source: http://www.taiganova.com/
PROJECT OUTLINE OBJECTIVE: Propose planning & design to create a new eco - industrial park in Grant County
PHASE 1: Inventory & Analysis
Understand the proposed site and the relationships that exist between the components of the adjacent communities and geographical area though inventory & analysis of the environmental, social, and economic contexts
PHASE 2: Concepts Design
Generate design solution that develops from the inventory and analysis of existing conditions, future needs, constraints of the site and adjacent human activities
PHASE 3: Stormwater Management
Analyze the stormwater impacts of the proposed land use and make stormwater more integral with concepts design
PHASE 4: Detailed Design
Propose planting design and construction design – suggestions of materials, textures, colors, planting, etc.
Mountain Top Eco-Industrial Park
PHASE 1: Inventory & Analysis
Understand the proposed site and the relationships that exist between the components of the adjacent communities and geographical area though inventory & analysis of the environmental, social, and economic contexts
PHASE 2: Concepts Design
Generate design solution that develop from the inventory and analysis of existing conditions, future needs and constraints of the site and adjacent human activities
PHASE 3: Stormwater Management
Analyze the stormwater impacts of the proposed land use and make stormwater more integral with concepts design
PHASE 4: Detailed Design
Propose planting design and construction design – suggestions of materials, textures, colors, planting, etc.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION Name of Site: Mountain Top Industrial park
Mountain Top Industrial park
Total Acreage - 182 Acres Name of owner: Grant County Development Authority Current Site Use: Industrial
AVAILABLE PROPERTY MOUNTAIN TOP INDUSTRIAL PARK
LOCATION AND COMMUNITY Grant County is 478 square miles rich in natural resources, which is located in the Potomac Highlands of West Virginia. It was created in 1866 from Hardy county and named for Ulysses S. Grant. The community associated with this project is Mt. Storm, West Virginia, which lies on the U.S. Route 50 at its junction with WV Route 42. The community is the site of Mt. Storm Power Station, Mt. Storm Lake, and the Ned Power Wind Farm
MT. STORM, WEST VIRGINIA
50
Mt. Storm 2
4
j k
US
4 WV
2 WV
REGIONAL INVENTORY
US 5 0
Bayard
US
219
WV 9
3
Blackwater Wildlife Management Area
WV 9 3
Fairfax Stone State Park
US
21 9
9 WV
0
0.5
1
Legend
2
3
Miles 4
N
Beaver Creak
0
Railroads Corridor H Primary Roads
9
2S
US 21
B
Mt Storm Power Plant
WV 3
j k
Mt Storm Electricity Substations
Thomas
WV 3
Electricity Distribution Powerlines TrAIL Transmission Line
2
j k
Waterbodys
Davis
Blackwater Wildlife Management Area Blackwater Falls State Park
Streams Mines Abandoned Lands Coal Mine Permit Boundaries CANAAN VALLEY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
Underground Mining Boundaries Mountain Top Industrial Park Incorporated Places State Park Boundaries
Blackwater Wildlife Management Area
Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge Boundary Wildlife Management Areas National Forest Boundaries
REGIONAL INVENTORY Economic
Drivers
Adjacent Communities
Mt. Storm
Mt. Storm, Bayard, Davis, Thomas are small communities of fewer than 1000 people. They have a long history of coal production beginning in approximately 1880. The region has been defined by a balance of rural wooded mountain tops and energy industries for decades. Right now they have lost their economic drivers of years past such as surface mines, coal prep plants as the coal diminished. Davis and Thomas are moving towards an economic-based tourism industry.
Mountain Top Industrial Park
Area Total Area Land Area Water Area Elevation Population Population (2010) Population (2011) Density Median Age
Mount Storm Bayard Davis Thomas Grant County Grant County Tucker County Tucker County Unincorporated Town Town City Community _ _ _
0.31 sq mi 0.31 sq mi 0 sq mi 2,343 ft
1.83 sq mi 1.83 sq mi 0 sq mi 3,100 ft
4.51 sq mi 4.46 sq mi 0.05 sq mi 3,035 ft
708 _ _ 46.9
290 288 935.5/sq mi 44.5
660 648 360.7/sq mi 46.1
586 577 131.4/sq mi 56.6
REGIONAL INVENTORY Recreational Destinations
Monongahela National Forest (MNF)
Blackwater Wildlife Management Area
Beaver Creek Blackwater Fall State Park
Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge
Mt.Storm Lake
Mountain Top Industrial Park
N 0
1.25
2.5
5
7.5
Miles 10 Miles
50
2
4
REGIONAL INVENTORY Character
Landscape Patterns
US
219
WV 9
3
Blackwater Wildlife Management Area
WV 9 3
Fairfax Stone State Park miles km
21 9
90 WV
Thomas
WV 3
2
miles km
j k
Davis
Blackwater Wildlife Management Area
3
B 2S
WV 3
j k
50
2
9
US
CANAAN VALLEY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
N
Blackwater Falls State Park
Blackwater Wildlife Management Area ne State Park
9 WV
Architecture
0
WV 9 3 0
0.5
1
Legend
2
3
Miles 4
Potomac Wildlife Management Area Beaver Creak Railroads Corridor H Primary Roads Mt Storm Power Plant Mt Storm Electricity Substations
Thomas
Electricity Distribution Powerlines TrAIL Transmission Line
2
j k
s State Park
Waterbodys
Davis
fe Management Area
2 3
4 WV
j k US 21
US 5 0
Bayard
WV 9
US
fe Management Area
WV 3
US
4 WV
2 WV
j k
Bayard
Streams Mines Abandoned Lands Coal Mine Permit Boundaries CANAAN VALLEY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
Underground Mining Boundaries Mountain Top Industrial Park Incorporated Places State Park Boundaries Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge Boundary
1
LANDSCAPE OF ENERGY
WV 9 3
Legend Mountain Top Industrial Park Railroads Proposed Corridor H Primary Roads Local Roads Waterbodies Streams Coal Mine Permit Boundaries Mount Storm Power Plant Mount Storm Electricity Substation 0
1,250 2,500
5,000 Feet
TrAIL Transmission Line Electricity Distribution Powerlines
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT Local road access to coal mine
Local road on site
Local road on site
WV 93
Proposed Corridor H
CSX Railroad
93 TrAIL Transmission Line
ACI Mining Company
WV 9 3
Laurel Run Mining Company
Buffalo Mining Company
Substation
ÂŻ
0
Mt. Storm Power Plant
1,250 2,500
Mt. Storm Lake
5,000 Feet
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT Proposed Corridor H
The planned Corridor H alignment will cross WV 93 just south of the park which gives West Virginia a direct route to Washington DC over the Allegheny Mountains. Significant transportation will provide visitors with easy access to the Mountain Top Industrial Park The construction of 16.2 Mile Davis to Bismarck section in Tucker and Grant Counties is underway
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT TrAIL Transmission Line The Preferred Route Trans – Allegheny Interstate Line (TrAIL) is a new 500 KV transmission line, which is traversing the center of the property The right-of-way is cleared to a width of 150 feet as deemed necessary for the safe and reliable operation of the line, which can be planted with biomass
Surface Coal Mine
The coal mine is not active and covered by mine grass right now, which can be planted with biomass for site redevelopment
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT SLOPESHADE
W V
W V
93
93
SLOPE
Legend Mountain Top Industrial Park
Legend
Electricity Distribution Powerlines TrAIL Transmission Line
Mountain Top Industrial Park
Railroads
Electricity Distribution Powerlines
Proposed Corridor H
TrAIL Transmission Line
Primary Roads
Railroads
Roads
Proposed Corridor H
Slope
Primary Roads Roads
Slope
Slopeshade
0% - 3% 3% - 8%
WV 9 3
8% - 15% 0
250
500
1,000 Feet
15% - 20% 20% - 53%
°
WV 9 3
Value
High : 53
0
250
500
1,000 Feet
Low : 0
°
Relatively flat ranging from 0 to 8%
The western part of property’s slope range from 8% to 20%, making the area not suitable for redevelopment
Steep ranging from 8 to 20%
The eastern part of property is relatively flat, with slopes ranging from 0% to 8%. It is good for redevelopment as a mixed-use site along corridor H
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT SOIL
10 33
60 32
3340
3300
W V
344 0
3420
345 0
GmE
345 0
3450
3370
3480
34 30
째
Contour
34 40
3230' - 3330'
Soil
CwD
ByC - Brinkerton-Nolo complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, rubbly CeB - Cavode stony silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes CrD - Cedarcreek extremely channery loam, moderately steep CsB - Clymer stony loam, 3 to 15 percentCeB slopes
3401' - 3470' 3 44 0
CrD
353 0
356 0
80 35
250
0 40 355 35 3570
0
500
CwD - Clymer and Wharton rubbly soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes GlC - Gilpin silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes GmC - Gilpin stony silt loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Electricity Distribution Powerlines Railroads Primary Roads Flow Direction
Lm- Lickdale stony loam LsA - Lickdale silt loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes, very stony
GmC
ByC
Us
0
250
500
Lm
Us - Udorthents, Sandstone, and Mudstone, low base
GmC
WV 9 3
LsA
W
GmE - Gilpin stony silt loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes
CsD
Corridor H 1,000 Feet
CwB - Clymer and Wharton rubbly soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes
Mountain Top Industrial Park 3360 33 60
3460
60 34
3510
CsD - Clymer stony loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes
GmE
3440
3500
0 348
3490
3471' - 3530' 3531' - 3610'
째
GlC Map unit name
3331' - 3400' 10 35
WoC
Mountain Top Industrial Park
Legend
3480
Legend
CeB
Proposed TrAIL Transmission Line 35 20
CwD
WoC
Us
90 34
3520
GmC
3360
3410 3420
10 35 3520
GmC
60 34
352 0
35 20
CsB
WoC
3390 3370
90 32
0 333
3460 35 30
355 0
CwB
Us
0 340
50 35
35 30 354 0
3560
GmC
80 33
33 30
33 70
Lm
CeB
32 90
3500 3470
0 328
3310 0 332
3450
0 335
80 32
WoD
CwD
0 332
93
0 327
0 329
10 34
TOPOGRAPHY
GmE
1,000 Feet
W - Water WoC - Wharton stony silt loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes WoD - Wharton stony silt loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes
GmC
Stormwater is flowing in the western part of the forest to two low points, which eventually discharge to surface stream. The forest naturally manages stormwater, reduces flooding risk and improves water quality For the eastern part of property, Green infrastructure is needed to collect and clean stormwater because the stormwater flow from southwest to northeast
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT
SOIL DESCRIPTION MUSYM
Cultivated Crops or Hay
Pasture
Hazard of Erosion Moderate or severe
Potential Productivity for Trees
CeB
Unsuitable
Suited
CsB CsD CwB
Unsuitable Unsuitable Unsuitable
Suited Moderate or severe Suited Severe Not suited No data
CwD
Unsuitable
Not suited No data
Moderate
GmC Us
Unsuitable Limited
Suited Limited
High Moderate
WoC
Unsuitable
Suited
Moderate or severe Moderate to very severe No data
High High High Moderate
High
MUSYM
Main limitations for Urban Uses Seasonal high water table Slow permeability, low strength Depth to bedrock and slope Slope and depth to bedrock Stones and boulders Moderately slow or slow permeability Seasonal high water table, slope Stones and boulders Moderately slow or slow permeability Seasonal high water table, slope Slope and depth to bedrock Onsite investigation and testing are needed Seasonal high water table, low strength Slow or moderately slow permeability
MUSYM Map Unit Name Discription CeB - Cavode stony silt loam, 3 Gently sloping and somewhat poorly drained. CeB to 8 percent slopes
Stones cover 1 to 3 percent of the soil surface.
Water Capacity
Permeability
Runoff
Natural Fertility
CeB
Moderate to high
Slow
Medium
Low
CsB
Moderate to high
Medium or rapid
Low
CsD
Moderate to high
Rapid or very rapid
Low
CwB
Moderate to high
Medium or rapid
Low
CwD
Moderate to high
Medium or rapid
Low
GmC
Low or moderate
Moderate or moderately rapid Moderate or moderately rapid Moderate or moderately rapid Moderate or moderately rapid Moderate
Medium or rapid
Low
Us
Variable
Variable
Medium or rapid on Low the benches. Rapid or very rapid on the highwalls and outslopes
WoC
Moderate to high
Slow or moderately slow
Medium or rapid
Component Cavode and similar soils: 70 percent Minor components: 3 percent
CsB
CsB - Clymer stony loam, 3 to Gently sloping or strongly sloping and is well drained. 15 percent slopes Stones cover 1 to 3 percent of the surface of soil.
Clymer and similar soils: 70 percent
CsD
CsD - Clymer stony loam, 15 to Moderately steep or steep and is well drained. 35 percent slopes Stones cover 1 to 3 percent of the soil surface.
Clymer and similar soils: 75 percent
GmC
GmC - Gilpin stony silt loam, 3 Strongly sloping or gently sloping and is well drained. to 15 percent slopes Stones cover 1 to 3 percent of soil surface.
Gilpin and similar soils: 70 percent
WoC
WoC - Wharton stony silt loam, Strongly sloping or gently sloping and is moderately well Wharton and similar soils: 75 percent 3 to 15 percent slopes drained. Minor components: 2 percent Stone cover 1 to 3 percent of surface soil.
Low
Reaction
Depth of Bedrock
Strongly acid or very strongly acid Strongly acid to extremely acid Strongly acid to extremely acid Strongly acid to extremely acid Strongly acid to extremely acid Strongly acid to extremely acid Strongly acid to extremely acid
More than 48 inches
Strongly acid to extremely acid
More than 40 inches
42 to 72 inches 42 to 72 inches 42 to 72 inches 43 to 72 inches 20 to 40 inches No data
Typical Profile 0 to 5 inches: Silt loam 5 to 60 inches: Silty clay 60 to 64 inches: Bedrock 0 to 6 inches: Loam 6 to 53 inches: Channery sandy clay loam 53 to 60 inches: Channery sandy clay loam 60 to 64 inches: Bedrock 0 to 6 inches: Loam 6 to 53 inches: Channery sandy clay loam 53 to 60 inches: Channery sandy clay loam 60 to 64 inches: Bedrock 0 to 5 inches: Channery silt loam 5 to 29 inches: Channery silt loam 29 to 35 inches: Very channery silty clay loam 35 to 39 inches: Unweathered bedrock 0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 38 inches: Silty clay loam 38 to 58 inches: Channery silt loam 58 to 62 inches: Bedrock
SUMMARY
Biomass CwB Under TrAIL
GmC
Biomass
Well CsB
CeB
Pooly drained. drained.
Total Area - 182 Acre WoC Development Area - 50 Acre
CwD
V
93
Well drained.
Us
GmC
W
Mountain Top Industrial Park
GmC
WoC
Us
GmE
CeB
WoC
Biomass Under TrAIL
CwD
Existing Forest
GlC
CeB GmE
CrD
W CsD ByC WV 9
Lm
GmC GmC
3
GmE Us
0
250
500
1,000 Feet
GmC
CLEAN ENERGY How Does Clean Energy Get to Your Home?
What Is Clean Energy? Clean energy is electricity generated from a renewable resource—such as wind, sunlight, methane from landfills, or sustainable biomass—that emits little or no pollution in the generation process. In contrast, fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas aren’t considered clean because of the pollution associated with their extraction from the earth and with the combustion process used to generate the power.
Why Clean Energy? Much of the electricity supplied to American homes today is generated by burning fossil fuels. Switching to clean energy sources helps to: 1. Reduce the amount of fossil fuel 2. Reduce pollution and greenhouse gases 3. Boost the renewable energy market and increase regional demand for clean energy 4. Generate new jobs and revenue in clean energy generation, transmission, and installation 5. Reduce your personal environmental footprint
How Much Does Clean Energy Cost? At present, clean energy supplied by local utilities costs the consumers about the same as “standard” power (electricity generated by traditional sources such as oil and coal).
http://www6.montgomerycountymd.gov/dectmpl.asp?url=/Content/dep/energy/CleanEnergyBasics.asp
The table on the left shows price estimates for standard electricity and for electricity from a clean energy source, as well as the relative environmental impact.
CLEAN ENERGY Bioenergy - Eco Industrial Park Land Cover
Proximity to Railroad & Mt. Storm Power Station Wm Railroad
Allegany County Western M
Garrett County
aryland
Railway
Preston County
ran c
Grant County
So u
th er n
R
ai
lr o ad
Sou th B
Tucker County
hV a lle yR
a ilr oad
Mineral County
Why Bioenergy? 1. Mountain Top Industrial Park is located in the Appalachian region. Adjacent counties have abundant biomass resources, which provide opportunities to utilize and convert these materials to bioenergy
Âą
0
10,000
20,000
40,000 Meters
2. Proximity to the railroad (170 kilometer Western Maryland Railroad and 190 kilometer Baltimore & Ohio Railroad) running through adjacent counties and Mt. Storm Power Station create the opportunity for the Park to be a biomass processing center 3. Bioenergy is a good choice for WV because of abundant water supplies for ethanol processing, abundant rainfall and a long, warm growing season
CLEAN ENERGY Mount Storm Power Station The Mount Storm Power Station, located on the west bank of Mount Storm Lake, West Virginia, is a coal-fired power station owned by Dominion Resources. It is the largest power plant that Dominion operates. Mt. Storm’s three units can generate more than 1,600 megawatts of electricity from coal synfuel Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Storm_Power_Station
Co-firing Biomass with Coal What Is Co-firing? Co-firing is the burning of more than one type of fuel simultaneously. Usually, the term is used to describe the combination of coal with another fuel source Co-firing biomass is a good option for Mt. Storm Power Plant • The solid biomass fuel can be added to the fuel stream • The addition of biomass to the fuel reduces emissions of sulfur • Biomass fuel is essentially carbon neutral Challenges associated with biomass co-firing, including • Handling and storage challenges • The potential for fouling and slagging at high co-firing rates
Source: Penn State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Research and Cooperative Extension
Source: College of Agricultural Sciences-Penn State University
CLEAN ENERGY Bioenergy - Economic Profile
People & Income Overview
Grant County, WV
Population (2012) 11,816 Growth (%) Since 2000 4.60% Growth (%) Since 1990 13.30% Land Area (in sq. miles) 477.4 Population Density (2012) 24.8 % Reporting One Race Only 99.00% Households 4,915 Labor Force 5,079 Unemployment Rate 11 Per Capita Personal Income 30162 Poverty Rate 17.6 Industry Overview (2011) Covered Employment 3,799 Avg Wage Per Job 39,323 Manufacturing 6.80% Transportatio 3.00% Health Care, Social Assist 13.00% Finance and Insurance 2.70%
Tucker County, WV
Preston County, WV
Mineral County, WV
Garrett County, MD Allegany County, MD
West Virginia
Maryland
U.S.
6,995 -4.50% -9.50% 418.9 16.7 98.80% 3,215 2,739 10.7 28837 19.2
33,832 15.30% 16.50% 648.8 52.1 98.30% 12,908 15,794 7 28197 15.8
27,956 15.80% 13.80% 329 83 96.16% 11,276 13,636 7.4 $31,733 17.2
29,854 0.00% 6.10% 647.1 46.1 99.30% 12,410 17,385 7.5 $38,463 15.1
74,012 -1.20% -1.20% 424.2 174.5 98.10% 28,596 36,996 8.5 $32,855 17.1
1,855,413 2.60% 3.50% 24,038.20 77.2 97.90% 740,080 799,883 8 $33,403 18.2
5,884,563 11.10% 23.10% 9,707 606.2 96.90% 2,128,377 3,072,246 7 $50,656 9.9
313,914,040 11.54% 26.20% 3,531,905 88.9 96.80% 114,761,359 153,617,000 8.9 $41,560 15.3
2,401 25,267 10.50% 0.60% 11.80% 2.40%
6,870 34,830 7.00% 3.20% 10.90% 2.40%
7,835 35,959 23.00% 2.90% N/A 1.70%
11,323 30,850 9.30% 3.70% N/A N/A
29,242 34,285 8.60% 2.80% 20.80% 2.50%
701,905 39,092 7.00% 3.00% 18.40% 2.70%
2,478,505 53,008 4.60% 3.10% 13.90% 3.80%
129,411,095 48,043 9.10% 3.90% 14.20% 4.30%
Sauce: http://www.statsamerica.org/
Economic Analysis Income indicators for adjacent counties are mixed but generally low. The avg wage per job for these six counties, were less than the state average and the national average in 2011. Especially for Tucker County and Garrett County, it was substantially below the state and national average The Grant, Mineral and Preston Counties did have a lower poverty rate than the state of
WV as a whole, However, the poverty rates were still somewhat higher than the national individual poverty rate The Grant and Tucker Counties has seen the unemployment level spike to two of the highest in the WV State and higher than the national average. Garrett County and Allegany County did have a lower rate than the national average. However, they were still higher than the MD state average
CLEAN ENERGY Bioenergy - Economic Benefits Garrett
Benefits?
Allegany
1. Generate new jobs and revenue in biomass transmission, and collection.
Preston Tucker
Grant
2. Bring more of ancillary businesses to the six counties.
Grant, Tucker, Preston, Mineral, Garrett and Allegany Counties’ unemployment levels are high compared to other counties.
BIOMASS PRODUCTION
Grant County, WV
_ Annual Harvest 3206 - 4670 Acres Production 33.34 - 48.56 K dry tons Available 7,875 dry tons Availabe 2,600 - 5,200 Tons/Year Mill Residue < 5 Thousand Dry Tons/Year Urban Tree Residue No Wood Pallet Facility Pallet Residue _ Agriculture Residues _ Grass Seed Straw < 2,500 Dry Tons/Year Corn < 2,700 Dry Tons/Year Soybean Residue 20,000 - 50,000 Dry Tons/Year All Hay Switchgrass & Perennial Hay 12,800 - 17,700 Acres Potential switchgrass yield 8,000 Crops 10,000 dry tons < 250 Tons/Year Animal Manure _ Construction
Wood Residues Logging Residue
Demolition Wastes Total Grand Total kWh of Electricity from Biomass
< 50 Thousand Tons/Year
Tucker County, WV _ Annual Harvest 1878 - 3206 Acres Production 19.53 - 33.34 K dry tons Available 11,618 dry tons Availabe 0 - 2,600 Tons/Year < 5 Thousand Dry Tons/Year 1 Wood Pallet Facility _ _ < 2,500 Dry Tons/Year < 2,700 Dry Tons/Year 5,000 - 20,000 Dry Tons/Year Hay 4,200 - 8,700 Acres Potential switchgrass yield 2,000 5,000 dry tons _ _ < 50 Thousand Tons/Year
Preston County, WV _ Annual Harvest 7053 - 10598 Acres Production 73.35 - 110.21 K dry tons Available 35,631 dry tons Availabe 0 - 2,600 Tons/Year < 5 Thousand Dry Tons/Year No Wood Pallet Facility < 20 Thousand Dry Tons/Year _ 3,910 Dry Tons/Year < 2,700 Dry Tons/Year 62,300 Dry Tons/Year Hay 17,700 - 31,200 Acres Potential switchgrass yield 10,000 19,438 dry tons < 250 Tons/Year _
100 - 150 Thousand Tons/Year 400 Thousand Tons/Year Protential to produce 0.65 billion kWh of electricity from biomass, which make a profit of 0.06 billion. It is enough to supply power to 66,000 average homes.
3. With the biomass resource, Grant, Tucker, Preston, Mineral, Garrett and Allegany Counties has the potential to produce 0.65 billion kwh of electricity from biomass, which is enough to supply power to 66,000 average homes. Bioenergy could make a profit of 0.06 billion dollars. Mineral County, WV
Garrett County, MD
Allegany County, MD
_ Annual Harvest 561 - 1878 Acres Production 5.83 - 19.53 K dry tons Available 4,309 dry tons Availabe 0 - 2,600 Tons/Year < 5 Thousand Dry Tons/Year 3 Wood Pallet Facilities _ _ < 2,500 Dry Tons/Year < 2,700 Dry Tons/Year 20,000 - 50,000 Dry Tons/Year Hay 12,800 - 17,700 Acres Potential switchgrass yield 8,000 10,000 dry tons < 250 Tons/Year _
_ 50-100 Thousand Dry Tons/Year
_ 25-50 Thousand Dry Tons/Year
_ < 5 Thousand Dry Tons/Year 3 Wood Pallet Facilities < 20 Thousand Dry Tons/Year _ _ _ _ _
>100 Thousand Dry Tons/Year 5-10 Thousand Dry Tons/Year 3 Wood Pallet Facilities < 20 Thousand Dry Tons/Year _ _ _ _ _
< 250 Tons/Year _
< 250 Tons/Year _
50 - 100 Thousand Tons/Year
50-100 Thousand Dry Tons/Year
150-250 Thousand Dry Tons/Year
Sauce: Biomass resources, uses and opportunities in West Virginia / National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
CLEAN ENERGY Wind Energy - Eco Industrial Park The wind resources in the project area are in the range of 6.5 to 8 meters/second (m/s) at an altitude of 80 meters on an average annual basis.
W V
93
Mountain Top Industrial Park
Sauce: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
Good Wind Speed at 50 m 7.0 - 7.5 m/s
Marginal Wind Speed at 50 m 5.6 - 6.4 m/s
Legend
Mountain Top Industrial Park
Fair Wind Speed at 50 m 6.4 - 7.0 m/s
Wind Energy Resource GRIDCODE 1 2 3 4
WV 9 3
5 0
250
500
1,000 Feet
6 7
째
CLEAN ENERGY Wind Energy - Economic Benefits Mountain Top Industrial Park contains enough acres to site 2 - 4, 2 MW turbines. Three physical constraints may limit the number of turbines to 2: 1: The railroad in the northern border of the property 2: State road WV 93 and proposed Corridor H 3: New east - west 500 KV transmission line traversing the center of the property.
Proposed Corridor H
Existing WV 93
The resource is modeled at two potential average wind speeds - 7.3 m/s and 7.7 m/s - at an altitude of 100 meters, which represents the higher height of the newer towers. Employment Impact: Construction phase: 16 direct construction jobs + 22 indirect support jobs + 9 induced jobs for a total of 47 temporary jobs. Operating phase: 2 full-time jobs, including indirect effects. By Christine Risch, Marshall University
By Christine Risch, Marshall University Monthly Estimated Energy Output at 7.7 and 7.3 m/s
CLEAN ENERGY Concentrating Solar Energy Solar Canopy on Parking Lot
Solar Panel & Green Roof
Solar Tree
Sauce: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT What Is Mixed-Use Development? Mixed use developments contain a complementary mix of uses such as residential, retail, commercial, employment, civic and entertainment uses in close proximity - sometimes in the same building.
Why Mixed-Use Development? 1. Allows for greater housing variety and density 2. Reduces distances between housing, workplaces, retail businesses, and other destinations 3. Encourages more compact development 4. Promotes pedestrian and bicycle friendly environments Souce:http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health/mixedusedevelopment.htm
How to Apply Mixed-use Development to Mountain Top Industrial Park? 1. The proposed Corridor H connecting to Washington DC will bring more visitors to this region. The Park will be the gateway to many recreational destinations. Welcome center and energy museums would match new development to current trends in education-based tourism 2. More commercial and retail will be needed to serve growing visitors 3. New Factories (Biomass Processing Center) on site would meet the requirements of Grant County Economic Development Council project for bringing more business
Approach Make better use of green infrastructure and encourage more compact, walkable, mixed-use development in the Mountain Top Industrial Park
MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT Recreation Gateway WELCOME CENTER Offers valuable information and services for travelers to Davis , Thomas and Mt. Storm Lake, as well as the region
EDUCATION PROGRAMS - MUSEUM Focus on “Energy“ storytelling. The unique indoor & outdoor museums Offer educational opportunities for the community to learn about traditional energy (surface mining) and sustainable energy
EDUCATION PROGRAMS - WALKING TOUR OF SURFACE MINE Opportunities to learn surface mine history and the equipment on site. The instructor is a real coal miner who will share some mining tales and answer any questions
MIXED-USE, MIXED INCOME Commercial & Retail SPORTS STORE Provides diving, swimming, fishing, shooting and camping supplies, which will also bring a full line of training, instruction, education, equipment and services
CONVENIENCE STORE AND GAS STATION Convenience store is part of gas station, which has long shopping hours. It stocks a range of everyday items such as groceries, toiletries, alcoholic and soft drinks, tobacco products, and newspapers to meet the needs of visitors
SMALL RETAIL & COMMERCIAL The mix of retail and commercial will bring in dollars from outside the community, which will meet the goals of Grant County Economic Development Council
APPROACH Green Infrastructure BENEFIT
CATEGORY Air Quality Improvement
Health Water Quality Improvement
Energy Carbon Sequestration
Energy Savings Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Aesthetics Improvements
Community Livability
Community Cohesion Easy access to Nature Environmental Equity http://daily.sightline.org/2012/04/30/saving-cash-with-green-stormwater-solutions/
APPROACH Health
BENEFIT
Air Quality Improvement
Increased Greenness
Energy Slow Stormwater
Energy Savings
Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Community Livability Aesthetics Improvement
Community Cohesion
Environmental Equity
Green Roofs
7.7 lbs / acre /year
Associated with improved physical and mental health
60% peak flow reduction
8,270+ kWh/Acre
7.1 metric tonnes / acre /year
Possible positive effect
Possible positive social capital effect, no known effect on crime
Possible positive effect
Green Streets
0.04 lbs / facility /year
Associated with improved physical and mental health
93 % peak flow reduction
155+ kWh/facility
0.3 metric tonnes / facility /year
Positive, 3% to 5% increase in home values
Increase social capital, decrease crime
Possible positive effect
Trees
0.2 lbs / tree /year
Associated with improved physical and mental health
10% reduction in flow rates
11+ kWh/tree
0.1 metric tonnes / tree /year
Likely positive effect
Possible positive social capital effect, no known effect on crime
Possible positive effect
Additional Considerations Access to Nature
Maintenance
Cost
Magnitude is dependent on the number of people with views of or access to the green roofs. 2,000 pedestrians /day walkable areas, and 600 pedestrians in less walkable areas
Cost is similar to traditional landscaping. 0.25-1.25 $/ sq.foot
5-50 $/ sq. foot more expensive
Rain Garden: Cost is similar to traditional landscaping. Swale: 200 $/year for a 900 sq foot swale
2,000 pedestrians /day walkable areas, and 600 pedestrians in less walkable areas
Tree Pit: 100-500 $/year
Green Street: 120-190 $/linear foot of block managed Rain Garden: 10-17$/ sq. foot Swale: 5-20 $/linear foot 850 $/tree 10-15 $/sq foot
Sauce: Portlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Green Infrastructure: Quantifying the Health, Energy, and Community Livability Benefits
Green roofs replace conventional roofing materials with a living, breathing vegetated roof system. A green roof consists of a layer of vegetation over a growing medium on top of a waterproof membrane.
An application of extensive green roofs manage 60% of the building runoff, the remainder of the water needs to be treated on the ground
Green streets are vegetated curb extensions, streetside planters, or bioretention that collect stormwater runoff from streets.
APPROACH-WETLAND TYPES
Wetland classes and their associated wetland zones (Adapted from Stewart and Kantrud, (1971)
Stewart and Kantrud (1971) developed a classification of wetland based on the vegetation found in the deepest zone of wetland basins. There are five different vegetation types in freshwater wetlands: wet prairie, sedge meadow, shallow marsh, deep marsh, and permanent open water Class Class Class Class Class
1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
ephemeral ponds with a central wet prairie zone temporary ponds with a central sedge meadow zone seasonal ponds and lakes with a central shallow marsh zone dominated by bulrushes and other emergent marsh plants Semi-permanent ponds and lakes with a central deep marsh zone Permanent ponds and lakes with a central permanent open water zone
SUMMARY FROM INVENTORY&ANALYSIS Weaknesses
Threats
• Depopulation and lost economic drivers as declination of coal industry
• TrAIL (500KV) is traversing the center of the property
• Environmental problem - at the center of Mount Storm Power Plant and former surface mines • Strongly acidic soil limit the selection of Plants
Strengths
Opportunities
• Significant transportation
• Develop clean energy - biomass, wind, solar energy Generate new jobs and revenue in clean energy generation, transmission and collection
Railroad CSX in the northern border of the property WV 93 in the southern border of the property Proposed expressway Corridor H will provide visitors with easy access to the region • Many recreational destinations and abundant biomass resources
• Mixed-Use Development along Corridor H • Tourism getway to the region • Green infrastructure encourage more compact, walkable in the park - green roofs, bioretentions, wetland
SUMMARY FROM INVENTORY&ANALYSIS The location of the existing industrial park, in close proximity to a railroad CSX, a future expressway Corridor H, Mt. Storm Power Plant and natural resources, lends itself to be an ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARK and may function as a GATEWAY TO THE REGION
The site is at the center of an ‘energy’ complex: Mount Storm Power Plant and former surface mines. EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES and ENERGY PRODUCTION will be a theme within the design project. Serve as an EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE to local schools, universities and business groups
Mountain Top Eco-Industrial Park
PHASE 1: Inventory & Analysis
Understand the proposed site and the relationships that exist between the components of the adjacent communities and geographical area though inventory & analysis of the environmental, social, and economic contexts
PHASE 2: Concepts Design
Generate design solution that develop from the inventory and analysis of existing conditions, future needs and constraints of the site and adjacent human activities
PHASE 3: Stormwater Management
Analyze the stormwater impacts of the proposed land use and make stormwater more integral with concept design
PHASE 4: Detailed Design
Propose planting design and construction design â&#x20AC;&#x201C; suggestions of materials, colors, planting, etc.
CONCEPT Develop sustainable energy park and recreational gateway in western Grant County, WV, which is a new, common sense, approach to industrial park that combines economic growth and environmental protection.
PROGRAMS Eco-Industrial Park - Clean Energy • Biofuel Processing Center for Mt. Storm Power Plant • Wind Energy • Solar Energy
Mixed-Use Development • • • • •
- New Corridor H connecting DC would bring more visitors
New Factories Sports Store for Diving Swimming, Fishing, Shooting, and Camping Supplies Small Restaurants / Shops Convenience Store and Gas Station Green Infrastructure
Recreational Gateway - Focus on “Energy” storytelling • Welcome Center • Educational Programs - Indoor & Outdoor Museum • Educational Programs - Walking Route of Surface Coal Mine
MASTER PLAN
RAIL SPUR ACCESS TO BIOMASS
ELECT POWER LINE & 150’ WIDTH BIOMASS BELOW
UTILITY WIND TURBINE
SECONDARY ENTRANCE
BIOMASS ON FORMER SURFACE COAL MINE
CORRIDOR H
MOUNTAIN TOP INDUSTRIAL PARK SITE BOUNDARY
PRIMARY ENTRANCE
TrAIL TRANSMISSION LINE & 150’ WIDTH BIOMASS BELOW
DESIGN FOCUSED AREA AROUND 50 ACRES
WV 93 HIGHWAY
UTILITY WIND TURBINE LOCAL ROAD ACCESS TO COAL MINE
EXISTING FOREST
N
0’
600’
1200’
1800’
DEVELOPMENT AREA TOUR OF SURFACE MINE SURFACE MINE MUSEUM & WATER CAFE BAR & CAFE
WOODLAND AS BUFFER
STORMWATER DETENTION GARDEN
BIOFUEL PROCESSING CENTER
WOODY BIOMASS (POLAR TREE) PICNIC AREA AMPHITHEATER
SEATING SPACE
PLAYGROUND & GATEWAY FOUNTAIN
BUSINESS & LOCAL RETAIL COMPLEX LOCAL RETAIL
WETLAND & TERRACE GARDEN NEW ENERGY MUSEUM & CAFE & CONFERENCE HALL
GAS STATION CONVENIENCE STORE
WATERSIDE PATH & BOARD WALK PLAZA AREA FOR MUTI-USE NEW ENERGY THEMATIC EXHIBITION
RESTAURANTS & BARS
WELCOME CENTER
RESTAURANTS & BARS LOCAL RETAIL
LODGING
SQUARE FOOTAGE STORMWATER DETENTION GARDEN LAND USES
PARKING LOT
FOREST TRAIL
OUTDOOR SPORTS STORE
LAND USES
N
0’
250’
500’
750’
SQUARE FOOTAGE
Museum Welcome Center Office & Lodging Retail Industrial Total Development Area
5206 21027 71176 215408 79200 392017 2177991
F.A.R
0.18
EXISTING POND 5206 Museum PARKING 21027 LOT Welcome Center 71176 Office & Lodging 215408 Retail 79200 Industrial 392017 Total 2177991 Development Area
LAND USE CALCULATION
F.A.R PARKING On Street Parking Parking Lot Total
0.18 PARKING SPACES 128 261 389
PERSPECTIVE SEQUENCE 5
& ion ne t en i et e M r m o c Bi rfa seu u S Mu d lan et ural d W at n N grou 4 lay P
1
y rg e En w seum e N u M
3
ing
2 L
g od
L
il&
a et
lR
a oc
Gas Station
1. GAS STATION
1
2. LOCAL RETAIL & LODGING 2
3. NEW ENERGY MUSEUM
3
4. WETLAND & NATURAL PLAYGROUND
Class 2 Wetland: Temporary ponds (Stewart and Kantrud), which have a periphery of wet prairie and a central area generally dominated by several of many possible sedges
4
5. BIORETENTION & SURFACE MINE MUSEUM
5
ELEVATION A A’
Proposed Elevation AA’
B’
OUTDOOR SPORTS STORE
RESTAURANTS & BARS LODGING
GAS STATION WELCOME CENTER
BIOMASS PROCESSING CENTER
2 MW WIND TURBINE
B Proposed Elevation BB’
3.6%
2 MW WIND TURBINE
OUTDOOR SPORTS STORE LODGING
RETAIL ENTRANCE
RESTAURANTS & BARS
LOCAL RETAIL
BUSINESS LOCAL RETAIL COMPLEX
0’
100’
200’
300’
Mountain Top Eco-Industrial Park
PHASE 1: Inventory & Analysis
Understand the proposed site and the relationships that exist between the components of the adjacent communities and geographical area though inventory & analysis of the environmental, social, and economic contexts
PHASE 2: Concepts Design
Generate design solution that develops from the inventory and analysis of existing conditions, future needs and constraints of the site and adjacent human activities
PHASE 3: Stormwater Management
Analyze the stormwater impacts of the proposed land use and make stormwater more integral with concepts design
PHASE 4: Detailed Design
Propose planting design and construction design â&#x20AC;&#x201C; suggestions of materials, colors, planting, etc.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Chesapeake Stormwater Design Criteria Stormwater Function
Level 1 Design
Level 2 Design
Bioretention Function Elements Grass Buffer Strip
40%
80%
Total Phosphorus (tp) Reduction by BMP Treatment
25%
50%
Sand Bed
Total Phosphorus (tp) Reduction Mass Load Removal
55%
90%
Ponding Area
Total Nitrogen (tn) Reduction by BMP Treatment
40%
60%
Planting Soil / Organic Layer
Total Nitrogen (tn) Reduction Mass Load Removal
64%
90%
LEVEL 2 DESIGN
Annual Runoff Volume Reduction (rr)
Drainage Area < 2 Acres Water Storage Depth: 6” Filter Media Depth (sand, soil & organic): 36” Underdrain 6” schedule 40 pvc
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Bioretention Application
Sizing of Bioretention Sizing of the surface area (SA) for bioretention practices is based on the computed Treatment Volume (Tv) of the contributing drainage area and the storage provided in the facility
Streets
Parking
The accepted Void Ratios (Vr) are: Bioretention Soil Media Vr = 0.25
Kidney-bean Shaped Bioretention
Gravel Vr = 0.40 Surface Storage Vr = 1.0
The equivalent storage depth with 6” ponding depth and a 12”gravel layer is computed as: D (ft) = (( D soil * Vr soil) + ( D gravel * Vr gravel) + ( D h2o * Vr h2o)) (3 ft. x 0.25) + (1 ft. x 0.40) + (0.5 x 1.0) = 1.65 ft
Bioretention Surface Area is computed as: SA (sq. ft.) = [(1.25 * Tv) – the volume reduced by an upstream BMP] / 1.65 ft Tv = Treatment Volume (cu. ft.) = [(1.0 in.)(Rv)(A) / 12] Rv = the composite runoff coefficient from the RR Method = ((C pav * A pav) + (C lawn * A lawn) + (C roof * A roof)) / total A An application of extensive green roofs manage 60% of the building runoff, the remainder of the water needs to be collected by other green infrastructure
Runoff Coefficients Standard Land Use Urban Surfaces
"C" Values
Roofs Asphalt & Concrete Pavement Gravel
Rural Subdivisions Woodland Flat (0 - 5% slope) Rolling (5 - 10% slope) Hilly (10 - 30% slope)
0.80 - 0.95 0.75 - 0.95 0.35 - 0.70
Sandy Silt / Loam Clay 0.10 0.25 0.30
0.30 0.35 0.50
0.40 0.50 0.60
0.10 0.16 0.22
0.30 0.36 0.42
0.40 0.55 0.60
Pasture and Lawns Flat (0 - 5% slope) Rolling (5 - 10% slope) Hilly (10 - 30% slope)
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Soil Type & Description MUSYM Map Unit Name Discription CeB - Cavode stony silt loam, 3 Gently sloping and somewhat poorly drained. CeB to 8 percent slopes
N
0
250
500
Stones cover 1 to 3 percent of the soil surface.
Component
Typical Profile
Cavode and similar soils: 70 percent Minor components: 3 percent
0 to 5 inches: Silt loam 5 to 60 inches: Silty clay 60 to 64 inches: Bedrock 0 to 6 inches: Loam 6 to 53 inches: Channery sandy clay loam 53 to 60 inches: Channery sandy clay loam 60 to 64 inches: Bedrock 0 to 6 inches: Loam 6 to 53 inches: Channery sandy clay loam 53 to 60 inches: Channery sandy clay loam 60 to 64 inches: Bedrock 0 to 5 inches: Channery silt loam 5 to 29 inches: Channery silt loam 29 to 35 inches: Very channery silty clay loam 35 to 39 inches: Unweathered bedrock
CsB
CsB - Clymer stony loam, 3 to Gently sloping or strongly sloping and is well drained. 15 percent slopes Stones cover 1 to 3 percent of the surface of soil.
Clymer and similar soils: 70 percent
CsD
CsD - Clymer stony loam, 15 to Moderately steep or steep and is well drained. 35 percent slopes Stones cover 1 to 3 percent of the soil surface.
Clymer and similar soils: 75 percent
GmC
GmC - Gilpin stony silt loam, 3 Strongly sloping or gently sloping and is well drained. to 15 percent slopes Stones cover 1 to 3 percent of soil surface.
Gilpin and similar soils: 70 percent
WoC
WoC - Wharton stony silt loam, Strongly sloping or gently sloping and is moderately well Wharton and similar soils: 75 percent 3 to 15 percent slopes drained. Minor components: 2 percent Stone cover 1 to 3 percent of surface soil.
750 FT
0 to 6 inches: Silt loam 6 to 38 inches: Silty clay loam 38 to 58 inches: Channery silt loam 58 to 62 inches: Bedrock
Bioretention Surface Area
RODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Section 31
Sizing of the Surface Area (Sq. Ft)
Design Bioretention Surface Area (Sq. Ft)
Section
Sizing of the Surface Area (Sq. Ft)
Design Bioretention Surface Area (Sq. Ft)
507 1702 1719 1905 1252 2525 2864 2425
1263 2376 1841 4037 2433 2399 3081 3548 3726 2371
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1023 2140 1778 2686 1583 829 2976 2441 2618 1650
4095 4030 3094 3000 2206 865 6394 2503 4138 1898
Section
Sizing of the Surface Area (Sq. Ft)
Design Bioretention Surface Area (Sq. Ft)
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
2762 2455 1846 1504 1230 2040 2325 2544 2725 1629 1732
2775 3669 4159 1675 2521 2320 22000 (Wetland) 4777 5580 2951 7300
13
30 29
11
28
12
10 9
27
7
6
3
5
23
24
4 15
22 14 17 19
16
21
18
20
N
0
250
500
750 FT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
26
25
8
2378 1898
STORMWATER STRATEGIES & LOCATIONS PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Locations
31
29
11
28
9
7
6
3
5
23
24
8
4 15
22 14 17 19
16
21
18
20
N
0
250
500
750 FT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
26
25
Building with Green Roof
12
10
27
Pervious Pavement Pervious Sidewalk
3350
3340 3345
3350
3340 3350
3360 3370
Pervious Road/Parking
3330 3335
3320
Strategies
LEGEND
13
30
3355
3330
3370
3360
3380 33 90
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT 3400
3365
3410
3340
3420
30
34
3
3370
34 3350
N
3375
341
3380 0
250
500
3385
750 FT
3390 3395
3395 3360
3395
342
3400
3370
3440
No Mow Turf
3405 3410
3415
Woodland
3420 3380
3445 Bioretention
3425
Wetland 3430
3425 N
0
250
3390 500
750 FT
3430
Biomass
3440 3445
0’
200’
400’
600’
N
Mountain Top Eco-Industrial Park
PHASE 1: Inventory & Analysis
Understand the proposed site and the relationships that exist between the components of the adjacent communities and geographical area though inventory & analysis of the environmental, social, and economic contexts
PHASE 2: Concepts Design
Generate design solution that develops from the inventory and analysis of existing conditions, future needs and constraints of the site and adjacent human activities
PHASE 3: Stormwater Management
Analyze the stormwater impacts of the proposed land use and make stormwater more integral with concept design
PHASE 4: Detailed Design
Propose planting design and construction design â&#x20AC;&#x201C; suggestions of materials, colors, planting, etc.
PLANT PALETTES “Right Plant, Right Place” - A Plant Selection Principle Seven Principles are developed to provide an integrated approach to the industrial park planting design that helps to protect and sustain the local environment by decreasing waste, reducing pollutant runoff and soil erosion, improving air and water quality, and protecting wildlife habitat.
E UR L RT OI NU E S TH
W AT QU ER AL & A IT IR Y
LANDSCAPE LOCALLY
ERVE CONS GY ENER
WILDLIFE HABITAT
N WA SER TE VE R
LANDSCAPE FOR LESS TO THE LANDFILL • Use on-site plant debris as mulch • Compost on-site plant debris NURTURE THE SOIL — promote beneficial soil organisms • Amend the soil with compost before planting • Mulch regularly
Benefits
CO
LANDSCAPE LOCALLY • Consider climate, sun exposure, and soil type • Avoid using invasive species
HE OT T S LL LES NDFI LA
CONSERVE WATER • Minimize lawn • Grow native plants CONSERVE ENERGY • Plant trees to shade homes, paved areas, and air conditioners PROTECT WATER & AIR QUALITY • Choose pest-resistant plant varieties • Create Bioretention • Include plants that support beneficial insects CREATE & PROTECT WILDLIFE HABITAT • Create diversity by choosing native plants first
Source: http://www.msa.saccounty.net/sactostormwater/RFL/wildlife.asp
PLANT PALETTES TREES & SHRUBS PLANT PALETTES Name Common Trees Pine
Botanical
Good Fall Color
Pinus species White Red
Tsuga canadensis
Oak
Quercus species Red Chestnut
Q. rubra Q. prinus Acer species
● ●
Red Sugar
A. rubra A. saccharum Betula species
● ●
Good fall foliage color; full sun and partial shade; prefers moist, acidic soil good lawn trees
●
Full sun; prefers moist, acidic soils
Birch Yellow River
B. alleghaniensis B. nigra
White Pine
Red Pine
Eastern Hemlock
Prefers cool, moist, well-drained soils; full sun to partial shade large trees; shade trees; full sun; prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soil; wildlife food source; slow growing
Maple
Tree
Prefers a dry, sandy soil with a low pH; full sun
P. strobus P. resinosa
Eastern Hemlock
Comment
American Beech
Fagus grandifolia
●
Black Cherry
Prunus serotina
●
Red Oak
Full sun; prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soil; shallow, wide root system Along highways; Full sun to part shade; prefers deep, moist soil
Chestnut Oak
Red Maple
Sugar Maple
American Beech
Black Cherry
Flame Azalea
American Winterberry
Shrubs Rhododendron Rhododendron species Flame Azalea R. calendulaceum rosebay R. maximum PJM R. PJM Hybrids American Winterberry Ilex verticillata Dogwood Cornus species Gray C. racemosa Flowering C. florida Pagoda C. alternifolia
Full sun to light shade; moist, cool acidic, well-drained soils ●
Prefers wet acidic soils
● ●
prefers a cool, moist, acidic soil; Full sun to partial shade
Shrub Gray Dogwood
PLANT PALETTES BIOMASS SPECIES PLANT PALETTES Common
Name
Botanical
Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum
Miscanthus
Miscanthus sinensis
Tree Perennial Height ● ●
Hardiness Zone
Flower and Time of Effectiveness
3 - 6'
4 to 9
Golden fall color
6 - 10'
4 to 9
Wind swept appearance
Clump forming; four season interest; 4–6 tons/acre Clump forming habit; tolerant of many soil conditions; four season interest; 5–15 tons/acre
Yellow seed heads Pretty yellow blossoms grow in clusters
Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions and moisture levels; PH 6.0 - 7.5; Used for erosion control in sand and gravel pits, mine spoils, and roadsides; contributes to diversified biomass production; Fast growing; clean contaminated ground water; an energy crop for biomass
● Big bluestem
Andropogon gerardii
Poplar trees
Populus
Switchgrass
5 - 7' ●
Comment
3 to 10
50 - 165' 3 to 9
Miscanthus (Sterile)
Big bluestem
Poplar trees
PLANT PALETTES BIORETENTION PLANT PALETTES
Common Name Stabilizing Shrubs
Botanical Name
Red-osier Dogwood Nannyberry Buttonbush Sandbar Willow
Cornus sericea Viburnum lentago Cephalanthus occidentalis Salix exigua
Permanent Grasses/ Sedges
Switch Grass Big Bluestem Bristly Sedge Crested Oval Sedge Bottlebrush sedge Brown Fox Sedge Virginia Wild Rye Fowl Manna Grass Dark Green Rush Wool Grass
Forbs
Water Plantain Swamp Milkweed New England aster Tall Coreopsis Spotted Joe-Pye Weed Blue Flag Marsh Blazing Star Cardinal Flower Great Blue lobelia Common Water Horehound Common arrowhead Blue Vervain Golden Alexanders
Panicum virgatum Andropogon gerardii Carex comosa Carex cristatella Carex comosa Carex vulpinoidea Elymus virginicus Glyceria striata Scirpus atrovirens Scirpus cyperinus
Shrubs Red osier Dogwood
Buttonbush
Nannyberry
Bottlebrush sedge
Fowl Manna Grass
Wool Grass
Water Plantain
Swamp Milkweed
New England Aster
Tall Coreopsis
Marsh Blazing Star
Blue Flag
Grasses Sedges
Forbs Alisma spp. Asclepias incarnata Aster novae-angliae Coreopsis tripteris Eupatorium maculatum Iris virginica Liatris spicata Lobelia cardinalis Lobelia siphilitica Lycopus americanus Sagittaria latifolia Verbena hastata Zizia aurea
Forbs
PLANT PALETTES WETLAND PLANT PALETTES
Common Name Wet Meadow
Botanical Name
Boneset New England Aster Marsh Blazing Star
Eupatorium perfoliatum Aster novae-angliae Liastris spicata
Upland and Prairie False Sunflower False Blue Indigo Switchgrass Big Bluestem Purple Coneflower
Heliopsis Helianthoides Baptisia australis Panicum virgatum Andropogon gerardii False blue indigo
Wet Meadow
Boneset
Marsh Blazing Star
False Sunflower
Purple Coneflower
False Blue Indigo
Big Bluestem
Red-osier Dogwood
Sandbar Willow
Upland Prairie
Stabilizing Shrub Red-osier Dogwood Nannyberry Buttonbush Sandbar Willow
Cornus Sericea Viburnum Lentago Cephalanthus Occidentalis Salix Exigua
Upland Shrub
Upland & Shrub
Upland & Prairie
Wet Meadow
20’ 18’
road terrace garden shrub
forested wetland
prairie wet meadow prairie forested wetland
shrub
road
shrub prairie wet meadow prairie forested wetland
16’
shrub
120’
Purple Coneflower
Buttonbush
Bristly Sedge
Swamp Milkweed
Water Plantain
Bottlebrush sedge
Marsh Blazing Star
Red-osier Dogwood
A
Ponding Area
Wetland BB’Section
90’
0’
Purple Coneflower
White Pine
Red Maple
Nannyberry
Switchgrass
Boneset
Marsh Blazing Star
False Blue Indigo
Big Bluestem
Buttonbush
River Birch
River Birch
Buttonbush
Sandbar Willow
Big Bluestem
30’ Bioretention Area
forested wetland
5’ Boneset
6’
New England Aster
Grass Buffer
Marsh Blazing Star
False Blue Indigo
Big Bluestem
Sandbar Willow
Red-osier Dogwood
Red Maple
False Blue Indigo
6’
path
Boardwalk
False Sunflower
Purple Coneflower
SECTION
Bioretention AA’ Section A’ B’
B
Planting Soil Mix
6” Pipe in Stone
6’ Grass Buffer
0’ 3’
20’
6’
35’ 12’
no mow turf path
40’
9’
60’
CONCLUSION
Apply the components of sustainable energy including biomass, wind and solar and mixed use development The result of this project is a new, common sense, approach to industrial park that combines economic growth and environmental protection I would like to thanks to all my committees (Prof Peter Butler, Prof Angela Campbell, Dr. Hodjat Ghadimi) and coordinator Patrick Kirby who give me great suggestions and help me to finish this project
THANK YOU