Chequerboard City

Chequerboard City Rethinking Social Housing: Flexible Planning Approaches to form Social Platforms in different Urban Situations

DFMJ

2018 / CPU / PS1 / Designed by Florian, Max and Jun

4_Spaces

Contents List

4A_The Module 4B_Typologies 4C_Aggregation 4D_Floorplans 4E_Ground Floor Plan 4F_Roof Top Plan 4G_Sections 4H_Elevations

= Interactive Page

1_Intensive Week 1A_Housing Standards UK 1B_Design Manufacturing/Assembly 1C_Modular Design 1D_Precedents

5_Technical Approach 2_Introduction 2A_Housing Crisis in Manchester 2B_Growing Cities Consequences 2C_Right to Buy / Right to Share 2D_The Target Client 2E_User

3_Massing 3A_The Site 3B_Site Analysis 3C_Massing Overview 3D_Massing Studies 3E_Methodology 3F_Analysis 3G_Areas for Social Interaction

5A_Structure Concept 5B_Construction Sequence 5C_Detail Section

6_Visualisation 6A_Render

7_Managament 7A_Environmental Strategy 7B_Environmental Testing 7C_Project Managament

8_Conclusion 8A_Group & Individual Part A 1, 2 & 3 Part B 4, 5 & 7 Part C 6&8

Brief

Facing the vast shortage of social housing and a general housing crisis, DFMJ intends to establish the typology of the adaptable social housing by introducing standardized manufacturing modules, to create a platform for social interaction.

1A Housing Standards UK

A

Unlike many European countries, there are no direct housing regulations in the United Kingdom. Standards, like the London Housing Design Guide, are released as a suggestion, many of these provisions make sense for people and the environment. But many big developers, who have the chance to transform the city, do not deal with it.

Summary Table of London Housing Design Guide Standards

INTERIM EDITION

From Street to Front Door

3.1

Entrance and Approach

3.1.1

All main entrances to houses, ground floor flats and communal entrance lobbies should be visible from the public realm and clearly identified.

A

3.1.2

The distance from the accessible car parking space of requirement 3.3.4 to the home or to the relevant block entrance or lift core should be kept to a minimum and should be level or gently sloping [Lifetime Homes Criterion 2].

A

3.1.3

The approach to all entrances should preferably be level or gently sloping [Lifetime Homes Criterion 3].

A

3.1.4

All entrances should be illuminated and have level access over the threshold. Entrance doors should have 300mm of clear space to the pull side, and clear minimum opening widths of 800mm or 825mm depending on the direction and width of approach. Main entrances should have weather protection and a level external landing [Lifetime Homes Criterion 4].

A

Shaping Good Places

1.1

Defining Places

3.2

Shared Circulation Within Buildings

1.1.1

Development proposals should demonstrate: UÊ how the design responds to its physical context, including the character and legibility of the area and the local pattern of building, public space, landscape and topography; UÊ how the scheme relates to the identified character of the place and to the local vision and strategy or how bolder change is justified in relation to a coherent set of ideas for the place expressed in the local vision and strategy or agreed locally.

3.2.1

The number of dwellings accessed from a single core should not exceed eight per floor.

A

3.2.2

A

Development proposals should demonstrate: UÊ how the scheme complements the local network of public spaces, including how it integrates with existing streets and paths; UÊ how public spaces and pedestrian routes are designed to be overlooked and safe, and extensive blank elevations onto the public realm at ground floor have been avoided; UÊ for larger developments, how any new public spaces including streets and paths are designed on the basis of an understanding of the planned role and character of these spaces within the local movement network, and how new spaces relate to the local vision and strategy for the area.

An access core serving 4 or more dwellings should provide an access control system with entry phones in all dwellings linked to a main front door with electronic lock release. Unless a 24 hour concierge is provided, additional security measures including audio-visual verification to the access control system should be provided where any of the following apply: UÊ more than 25 dwellings are served by one core UÊ the potential occupancy of the dwellings served by one core exceeds 100 bed spaces UÊ more than 8 dwellings are provided per floor.

3.2.3 A

Where dwellings are accessed via an internal corridor, the corridor should receive natural light and adequate ventilation.

A

3.2.4

The minimum width for all paths, corridors and decks for communal circulation is 1200mm.

The preferred minimum width is 1500mm, and is considered particularly important where corridors are double loaded (they serve dwellings on each side) and where wheelchair accessible dwellings are provided.

A

3.2.5

For buildings with dwellings entered from communal circulation at the first, second or third floor where lifts are not provided, space should be identified within or adjacent to the circulation cores for the future installation of a wheelchair accessible lift.

3.2.6

All dwellings entered at the fourth floor (fifth storey) and above should be served by at least one wheelchair accessible lift, and it is desirable that dwellings entered at the third floor (fourth storey) are served by at least one such lift. All dwellings entered at the seventh floor (eighth storey) and above should be served by at least two lifts.

A

3.2.7

Every designated wheelchair accessible dwelling above the ground floor should be served by at least one wheelchair accessible lift. It is desirable that every wheelchair accessible dwelling is served by at least two such lifts.

A

3.2.8

Principal access stairs should provide easy access* regardless of whether a lift is provided.

Where homes are reached by a lift, it should be fully wheelchair accessible [Lifetime Homes Criterion 5].

A

3.3

Car Parking

3.3.1

All developments should conform to London Plan policy on car parking provision. In areas of good public transport accessibility and/or town centres the aim should be to provide less than one space per dwelling. Elsewhere parking provision should be as follows: UÊ 4+ bedroom dwellings: 1.5 - 2 spaces per dwelling; UÊ 3 bedroom dwellings: 1 - 1.5 spaces per dwelling; UÊ 1 - 2 bedroom dwellings: less than 1 per dwelling.

A

Each designated wheelchair accessible dwelling should have a car parking space 2400mm wide with a clear access way to one side of 1200mm. Refer to appendix 3 for design standards for wheelchair accessible housing.

A

Priority 1

1.2

Outdoor Spaces

1.2.1

Development proposals should demonstrate that they comply with the borough's open space strategies, ensuring that a review of surrounding open space is undertaken and that opportunities to address a deficiency in provision by providing new public open spaces are taken forward in the design process.

A

For developments with a potential occupancy of ten children or more, development proposals should make appropriate play provision in accordance with the London Plan SPG, Providing for Children and Young People’s Play and Informal Recreation.

A

Where communal open space is provided, development proposals should demonstrate that the space: UÊ is overlooked by surrounding development; UÊ is accessible to wheelchair users and other disabled people; UÊ is designed to take advantage of direct sunlight; UÊ has suitable management arrangements in place.

A

1.2.2

1.2.3

2.0

Housing for a Diverse City

2.1

Appropriate Density

2.1.1

Development proposals should demonstrate how the density of residential accommodation satisfies London Plan policy relating to public transport accessibility level (PTAL) and the accessibility of local amenities and services, and is appropriate to the location in London.

Priority 1

2.2

Residential Mix

2.2.1

Development proposals should demonstrate how the mix of dwelling sizes and the mix of tenures meet strategic and local borough targets and are appropriate to the location in London.

Priority 2

Priority 2

A

3.3.2

3.3.3

Careful consideration should be given to the siting and organisation of car parking within an overall design for open space so that car parking does not negatively affect the use and appearance of open spaces.

3.3.4

Where car parking is within the dwelling plot, at least one car parking space should be capable of enlargement to a width of 3300mm. Where parking is provided in communal bays, at least one space with a width of 3300mm should be provided per block entrance or access core in addition to spaces designated for wheelchair user dwellings [Lifetime Homes Criterion 1].

3.4

Cycle Storage

3.4.1

All developments should provide dedicated storage space for cycles at the following levels: UÊ 1 per 1 or 2 bedroom dwelling; or UÊ 2 per 3 or more bedroom dwelling

3.4.2

Individual or communal cycle storage outside the home should be secure, sheltered and adequately lit, with convenient access to the street. Where cycle storage is provided within the home, it should be in addition to the minimum GIA and minimum storage and circulation space requirements. Cycle storage identified in habitable rooms or on balconies will not be considered acceptable.

A

A

Refuse, Post and Deliveries Communal refuse and recycling containers, communal bin enclosures and refuse stores should be accessible to all residents including children and wheelchair users, and located on a hard, level surface. The location should satisfy local requirements for waste collection and should achieve full credits under the Code for Sustainable Homes Technical Guide. Refuse stores within buildings should be located to limit the nuisance caused by noise and smells and provided with means for cleaning.

A

Storage facilities for waste and recycling containers should be provided in accordance with the Code for Sustainable Homes Technical Guide and local authority requirements.

A

Dwelling Space Standards

4.1

Internal Floor Area

4.1.1

All developments should meet the following minimum space standards.

Essential GIA (sq.m)

1b2p 2b3p 2b4p 3b4p 3b5p 3b6p 4b5p 4b6p

50 61 70 74 86 95 90 99

Two storey dwelling

2b4p 3b4p 3b5p 4b5p 4b6p

83 87 96 100 107

Three storey dwelling

3b5p 4b5p 4b6p

102 106 113

Single storey dwelling

A

Dwelling plans should demonstrate that dwellings will accommodate the furniture, access and activity space requirements relating to the declared level of occupancy. Refer to appendix 3 for design standards for wheelchair accessible housing.

4.2

Flexibility and Adaptability

4.2.1

Dwelling plans should demonstrate that dwelling types provide flexibility by allowing for alternative seating arrangements in living rooms and by accommodating double or twin beds in at least one double bedroom.

4.3

Circulation in the Home

4.3.1

The minimum width of hallways and other circulation spaces inside the home should be 900mm. This may reduce to 750mm at ‘pinch points’ e.g. next to radiators, where doorway widths meet the following specification: Minimum clear opening width of doorway (mm)

Minimum approach width (when approach is not head on) (mm)

750

1200

775

1050

900

900

A

A

A

Where a hallway is at least 900mm wide and the approach to the door is head-on, a minimum clear opening door width of 750mm should be provided [Lifetime Homes Criterion 6].

Priority 1

Dwelling type (bedroom/ persons)

4.1.2

A

3.5.1

4.0

A

12

A

3.5

3.5.2

Priority 2

A

11

Priority 2

4.3.2

The design of dwellings of more than one storey should incorporate potential for a stair lift to be installed and a suitable identified space for a through-the-floor lift from the entrance level† to a storey containing a main bedroom and an accessible bathroom [Lifetime Homes Criterion 12].

4.4

Living, Dining and Kitchen Areas

4.4.1

The following combined floor areas for living / kitchen / dining space should be met: Designed level of occupancy

Minimum combined floor area of living, dining and kitchen spaces (sq m)

2 person

23

3 person

25

4 person

27

5 person

29

6 person

31

A

A

A

For dwellings designed for more than 6 people, at least 10 sq m gross internal area should be added for each additional person.

13

The London Housing Design Guide includes helpful thoughts on needed space/GIA, ventilation, air, orientation, development and more. Architects and developer have pure numbers to orient. https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/interim_london_housing_design_guide.pdf

Priority 1

1.0

1.1.2

London Housing Design Guide

3.0

14

4.4.2

The minimum width of the main sitting area should be 2.8m in 2-3 person dwellings and 3.2m in dwellings designed for four or more people.

A

4.4.3

Dwellings with three or more bedrooms should have two living spaces, for example a living room and a kitchen-dining room. Both rooms should have external windows. If a kitchen is adjacent to the living room, the internal partition between the rooms should not be loadbearing, to allow for reconfiguration as an open plan arrangement. Studies will not be considered as second living spaces.

A

4.4.4

There should be space for turning a wheelchair in dining areas and living rooms and basic circulation space for wheelchairs elsewhere [Lifetime Homes Criterion 7].

A

4.4.5

A living room, living space or kitchen-dining room should be at entrance level [Lifetime Homes Standard 8].

A

1B DfMA – Design for Manufacturing Assembly

A

Collage: https://www.pinterest.de/pin/302515299939565639/?lp=true

Delivery Platforms for Government Assets, 2017, Bryden Wood Architects

DfMA is an approach which allows designers to maximize value for clients, maintain control over the delivery of their designs and facilitate the adoption of emerging methods materials and technologies in construction best practice. Common manifestations of DfMA include the use of prefabrication and off-site manufacture in the construction phase; this includes modular or volumetric units, flat pack or panelized systems and componentbased construction systems. The selected suppliers make the affordable price possible and stable. The standardization not only guaranteed the high quality and establish the platform for the design update. Less labor is needed and provide more opportunities for unskilled workers.

LEN

GT

H4

TH WID

60

0M

00

46

M

REDUCED COST

IN COMPERANCE TO REGULAR CONSTRUCTION

REDUCED TIME

IN COMPERANCE TO REGULAR CONSTRUCTION TRADI TIONAL

COMPO NENT

TRADI TIONAL

COMPO NENT

VOLUME

VOLUME

MANU FACT

MANU FACT

HEIGHT 3600 MM

Design

Manufacture

Assembly

MM

Flat Bed Trucks are used to transport prefabricated modules https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch_atop_a_Skyscraper

1C Modular Design

A

Social Housing Social housing is an umbrella term referring to rental housing which may be owned and managed by the state, by non-profit organizations, or by a combination of the two, usually with the aim of providing affordable housing. Social housing can also be seen as a potential remedy to housing inequality.

1. Responsibility to provide affordable housing for special groups 2. Encourage social interaction among residents 3. Create an excellent connection to the city in considerations of individual future development

Adaptable Housing And Social Platform The Unité d’habitation is a modernist residential housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier, with the collaboration of painter-architect Nadir Afonso. The concept formed the basis of several housing developments designed by him throughout Europe with this name. The most famous of these developments is located in south Marseille.

The adaptable building of shift public and private space.

The Unité d’habitation is a modernist residential housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier, with the collaboration of painter-architect Nadir Afonso. The concept formed the basis of several housing developments designed by him throughout Europe with this name. The most famous of these developments is located in south Marseille.

https://www.pinterest.fr/pin/307018899581775250/ https://www.yatzer.com/le-corbusier-barbican-gallery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_d%27habitation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing

1D Precedents

Marseille 1952

Montreal 1967

The Section shows a smart way to deal with lofted apartments.

The aspect of Social Housing is undermined

by Public Spaces within the Building and on the Roof Top.

Tokyo 1972

Moshe Safdie inspired us with his very own style of stacking modules.

A

Metabolism as an Architectural Worldview will affect our project.

DFMJ wants to provide ideas in a moderate way.

UnitÊ d’Habitation by Le Corbusier

http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=176317 https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/15/le-corbusier-unite-d-habitation -cite-radieuse-marseille-brutalist-architecture/

Habiat 67 by Moshe Safdie

https://www.archdaily.com/404803/ad-classics-habitat-67-moshe-safdie

Nagakin Capsule Tower by Kisho Kurokawa

https://www.archdaily.com/110745/ad-classics-nakagin-capsule-tower-kisho-kurokawa

2A Housing Crisis in Manchester

A 15,000

NEW APARTMENTS

ZERO

AFFORDBLE APERTMENTS

Manchester continues to be popular with students who choose to study at one of many higher education institutions in the city. There were 70,900 students (full and parttime) attending Manchester’s higher education establishments in 2013/14. Although not all of those enrolled would have had term-time addresses in the city, the number of students still makes up about 14% of the current resident population.

The first of the post-war baby boom generation reached retirement age in 2011. Manchester has started experiencing higher numbers of residents aged 65–70, which should continue for a few more years before numbers reduce again. While there are some settled communities of older people, some live in areas where they are isolated or living in poverty.

Manchester’s State of the City Report, 2015 Paul Grogan Photography

How much space is enough?

Average residential floor space per capita in sqm

Manchester’s population overgrew during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century to a peak of over 750,000 in the 1930s. Towards the end of the last century, Manchester suffered a massive decline in its manufacturing base and substantial population loss. In the fifty years between 1951 and 2001, the population of the city fell by 39.9%, from 703,100 to 423,000. However, it has now recovered to a 42-year high, with an estimated 520,215 people living in the city in 2014. The 2011 Census data showed that Manchester had been the fastest-growing city in the UK over the previous decade, and this growth is expected to continue.

United Kingdom, 33sqm Hong Kong, 15sqm France, 43sqm Canada, 72sqm Japan, 35sqm China, 20sqm Denmark, 65sqm Australia, 89sqm Germany, 55sqm Sweden, 40sqm Italy, 31sqm Greece, 45sqm U.S.A., 77sqm Spain, 35sqm Russia, 22sqm

http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/how-big-is-a-house

2018 there are 15,000 new homes built in Manchester and not a single one fits into the category of ‘affordable.’ This is the worst value in the whole of England.

Rate of Population Growth (%)

2B Growing Cities and Consequences

A

3.0

England

2.5

Manchester

2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 2001-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14

600 590 580

Population (in Thousand)

570 560 550 540 530 W2014 MCCFM MYE Trend

520

2014 GMFM 2012 SNPP

510 500

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

14,000 The city has one of the lowest healthy life expectancies in the UK. Life expectancy for someone born and living in Manchester has improved but is similarly very low, with men’s life expectancy at 75.5 years (second lowest in England and Wales) and women’s at 80 years, which ranks lowest in England and Wales.

Homelessness has become a significant and visible problem in Manchester. The budget for social housing was cut by the government, without paying attention to the rising numbers of students, elderly and homeless.

Manchester’s State of the City Report, 2015

430 /km2

On the other hand some people are forgotten Photo: Garry Knight

2C Right to Buy & Right to Share

A

Shared Ownership could provide more social housing to the whole system, by stopping the development from council space to a private one. The possibility to sell your house will not be applied. Social housing stays social housing.

1,863,274

RIGHT TO BUY SALES IN TOTAL

160,000

1,800,000 HOUSEHOLDS ON SOCIAL HOUSING WAITING LISTS

140,000

120,000

April 2012 - November 2015

60,000

propertie funded

replacement rate

80,000

40,603 sales under right to buy

3,694 1/11

100,000

40,000

20,000

1980

1990

2000

2010

http://snappa.static.pressassociation.io/assets/2015/05/26150826/1432649302-86d19fda621d4a4848db993f46a9e5b9-600x900.jpg The Guardian, Right to buy: a history of Margaret Thatcher's controversial policy

0

2016

The Parker family was one of the first households to take advantage of Right to Buy, a scheme by Margaret Thatcher and her government that gives secure tenants the legal right to buy, at a considerable discount, the council house they are living in. To avoid getting council space into private one, we want to provide the Right to Share scheme, by shared ownership up to 80%.

UK Govement.Social Housing Sales: Annual Sales by Scheme for England: 1980-81 to 2016-17; 2010 to 2015 government policy: rented housing sector

2D The Target Client

A

20,000

HOUSEHOLDS WITHIN 10 YEARS

High quality and safe homes that people are proud to live in. Upgrading existing homes to high standard with new technology.

The Guinness partnership operates in 165 local authority areas across England. Most of their homes are for rent at prices significantly lower than those charged in the private market. The organization also provide affordable homeownership options a home that people can purchase outright on the open market, recognizing that the shortage of housing in this country affects those seeking to buy a house too.

ÂŁ

To achieve that they are providing:

1. homes for social and affordable rent

2. affordable home ownership and outright sale

3. homes and care services for older people

4. financial support for customers

Selling the empty homes to re-invest the proceeds in improving other homes.

Cooper House in Manchester was originally built in the 1970s and has recently undergone significant improvement works. It is located next to the new project site.

This old building becomes livable and brings life energy back to the residences after the refurbishment.

The Guinness partnership develops homes across the country: from Cornwall to Manchester, Milton Keynes to Newcastle, which gives a good foundation for the nationwide promotion of DFMJ social housing typology.

MCR

Providing homes for older customers.

Building more new homes. We’ll build 7,500 new homes.

The ambition is to build 20,000 homes over the next 10 years. http://www.guinnesspartnership.com/development/cooper-house/ http://www.guinnesspartnership.com/about-us/what-we-do/

2E User

A

Globally seen, more and more people are moving to cities. The movement from the countryside to an urban area does not decrease. How long do these people stay?

Where do they come from and where are they going?

Manchester as a student city has an annual influx of immigrants. These people come from the United Kingdom and abroad. Most refer to single apartments or shared apartments, but affordable housing is rare. As a growing City, the City of Manchester has to deal with a higher density. How can we then provide quality?

In the long run, it is not clear if these solutions make sense. If economic, social or political influences come into play that could disturb the balance of the city, new typologies must be considered: Flexible living for an increasingly complex world.

Possible Users for the social housing project: – Homeless people – Students – Young Professionals – Families – Elderly – Disabled People

Brooklands Sharston Woodhouse Park Higher Blackley Baguley Moston Burnage

Charlestown

Miles Platting

Gorton South Gorton North Northenden

Crumpsall

Harpurhey

Chorlton Park Chorlton Didsbury East

Fallowfield

Levenshulme Moss Side

Longsight

Whalley Range Bradford

Old Moat Ardwick Cheetham

Rusholme

City Centre

50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

Withington Didsbury West Hulme Ancoats & Clayton

% households with a different address a year earlier

Manchester Short-term residents by age by sex, 2011 1,500 1,400 1,300

Male

1,200

Female

1,100 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0-4

5-9

10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69

70+

Moving Inhabitants

Within the city of Manchester, there is a lot of movement.

Additional to this, there is extensively migration to the city from outside.

Manchester Migration Report, 2015

3A The Site: Higher Cambridge Str / Booth St W United Kingdom Population: 66,040,229 GDP per Capita: $45,565 Density: 270.7/km2

Manchester, England Population: 2,553,379 GDP per Capita: US$ 38,233 Density: 4,716/km2

Hulme Population: 16,907 GDP per Capita: 7,671/km2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulme

A

3B Site Analysis

A

Housing Entertainment Shopping Eat & Drink University Existing Site

Walking 5 Minutes Walking 10 Minutes

3C Massing Study Overview

A

Elevated Court

U on Top

Tower Bridge

Tower Bridge L

TB aligned

Courtyard

U-Shaped Court

High U

Solitaire Yard

The L

High L-Shape

Thin U

The Snake

Snake Shift

Snake Bars

Checkerboard

Flat Check

Checkerboard City

Two Bars

Connected Bars

WiFi

Stacked

Elevated Court

Elevated Corner

Elevated Corner 2

Towers Connected

The X

Connected WiFi

WiFi Court

WiFi Court Tower

Cube Mountain

CM Shifted

Three Courts

Three Courts Shifted

Croissant

ity ns

io n

de

ve nt ila t

m

ht ig nl su

od ul ar

Ranking

Try and error: Almost 40 Massing Studies helped to figure out which one would fit into our site. The performance was tested by calculations and simulations.

3D Focus on the best perfoming Mass Studies #1 Bridge Tower Footprint: Built Area:

#2 Solitaire Yard

1.600 sqm 16.600 sqm

Footprint: Built Area:

The U-Shape fits the common urban pattern: taller volumes in North and South. The ground level provides more space for pedestrians and a room of rest.

The bridge connects the two parts and frames the street area. The open courtyard to the west is separated to the busy streets.

#3 Chequerboard City

2.000 sqm 15.400 sqm

W

A

Footprint: Built Area:

E

1.500 sqm 12.600 sqm

W

E

S

S

The courtyard of this proposal is related to the environment. It gains a lot of public space within the house, framing a green area. A tower is located in the NorthEast. The lower part refers to the housing site in the west of Hulme. The form of the courtyard is following the sun path.

The urban alignment is defining different masses.

Height relations are shaping the roofscape. South is lower than North to get the best exposure. Mass and Voids are forming public and private spaces. Open accessibility to every side. Corners are closed to capture the urban area.

3E Massing Methodology 1 Site

2 Grid

3 Density

4 Split

The site is in Hulme, Manchester. In the east we got the University area and in the west more accomodations.

After the decision to make the modules into 4.60 m by 4.60 m, we could provide a grid on the site to define possible massing studies

The aim was to provide at least the same density as the building that was constructed before.

By spliting the block with focus on anlignment with the urban context, we have a flexible solution.

5 Arrange

6 Heights

7 Modules

Stacking

The next step is to rearrange the splited parts into a new typology. Mass and voids will provide good ventilation and different spatial situations.

By terracing the roof heights we can provide a mass study that is following the rules of the sun path. Now every courtyard can be exposured.

Stacking to modules on to each other in a checkerboard scheme to provide a void space inbetween.

Solid and void. Free void space is generated by the surrounding solid modular. Overlocking modular design to safe material, construction and structural stability.

3F Massing Analysis Sunpath

The Chequerboard scheme is providing sunlight from every directon. Shadows by the highrises are facing the courtyards and not the neighbours.

Public Space

Different public spaces will provide social interaction with passing-by students and other people.

A Views

Because of terraced heights almost every apartment has a view to the south.

Greenery

The missing green around the site will be a design aspect for a green roof with green houses.

Noise Pollution

Noise pollution coming from the junction will get blocked by the housing project.

Social Interaction

Community spaces in the groundfloor like a cafĂŠ, workshops, co-working-spaces and communal kitchens will give space for social interaction.

3G Areas for Social Interaction

Communal Garden

(Wood-)Workshop

A

Restaurant

Gallery

PUB RES RES PUB PUB RES RES RES RES RES PUB PUB RES RES RES RES RES PUB COM PUB COM PUB COM

Communal Garden

Semi-Public Space

Open Kitchen

Café

4A Modules

B

4B Typologies

1b2p studio 1

2b4p apartment 5a

B

1b2p apartment 2

1b2p apartment 3a

1b2p apartment 4a

1b2p apartment 3b

2b4p apartment 5b

The shown typologies will be forming our living units. Different typologies added together will end up as one floor.

Each floor will provide public space that will work as a social platform.

2b3p loft 5

1b2p apartment 4b

2b4p loft 6

Legend “1b2p XXX 1� = 1 bedroom for 2 people out of 1 module

4C Interior

Loft Apartment

B

4D Floor Plans

B

SA1

SB1

SA2

SB2

SA3

SB3

LA1

LB2

LA2 1:100

Disabled

Apartment

Studio

Loft

4E Ground Floor Plan

1:500

B

4F Rooftop Plan

B

The landscape planning is focusing on connecting the different building elements to one working system.

The whole block is getting rethought: green areas are joined together, paths are connecting entry situations with the surrounding and different courtyards are connecting public spaces.

1:500

4G Sections

B

B

1:500

B

4G Sections

B

A

A

1:500

4H Elevation

1:200

B

5A Module Concept

B

Section Fields Section Core Detail 2 Detail 1

5B Construction Sequence

B

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Stacking the modules in a checkerboard scheme by truck delivery and mobile cranes. It is possible to provide two cranes at the same time. The trucks can deliver two modules on each way.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

5C Section

B

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1 – WALL 12.5mm Plasterboard Vapour Control Layer 65mm Composite Insulation Board 100mm x 50mm C-Channel Steel 150mm Thermal Flexi Insulation 55mm Composite Insulation Board DPM Membrane 20mm Battens 12mm Wood Panel 20mm Wood Wtrip Cladding

1

2 – FLOOR 10mm Oak Timber Flooring 22mm Plywood Sheathing DPM Membrane 200mm Thermal Insulation 96mm Composite Insulation Board Vapor Control Layer 12.5 mm Plasterboard

ED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1:20

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED

BY ANBY AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

3 – CEILING 10mm Oak Timber Flooring 22mm Plywood Sheathing 200mm Thermal Insulation 10mm Plywood 76mm Rigid Insulation 76mm x 38mm C-Channel Steel 10mm Plywood 12.5mm Plaster Board

1

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

3

0

500

1:50

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

2

6A Visualisation

C

7A Environmental Strategies

Fire Proof

B

Heating

Regulations

Nat. Ventilations

Art. Ventilations

Power

Water

7B Environmental Testing

Based on the massing study and stacking the modules in a chequerboard scheme, shadowing is concerning the courtyards and not the buildings. The inner space gets natural shadowing to avoid over-heating. The green houses on top get a lot of sunshine, it is possible to harvest. The green roof is avoiding over-heating as well.

B

7C RIBA Plan of Work (2013)

B

Tasks

0

Preparation & Brief

1

Concept Design

2

Developed Design

3

Technical Design

4

Construction

Handover & Close Out

5

6

In Use

Core Objectives

Identify project objectives, user, sustainability aspirations, and develop an initial project brief.

Examine site information and make recommendations for further information required.

Assemble project team and design responsibilities.

Revisit project objectives and prepare a brief.

Preparation of feasibility studies and options, for client to decide how to proceed.

Preparation of concept design, including outline proposal modules, framework, service systems and sustainability.

Review design responsibilities.

Preparation of a developed design, reviewed by project team, and presented to client. Review developed design with respects to primary project aims.

Consultations with structural and environmental engineers.

Preparation of technical design, with response to planning application response, as well as consultation's advice.

Tender stage to be complete. Materials to be sourced. Offsite manufacturing to commence. Insitu construction to commence in accordance with the construction programme

Meeting with full design team and and contractors.

Handover of the building.

Programme

Establish project programme and write up draft contract with client and prefabrication contractors involved.

Prepare project roles.

Assemble full project team and disuss brief.

Agree on project programme and procurement strategy.

Review project programme with considerations of the feasibility studies and preapplication advice.

Design team to work on developing the scheme. Make changes wherever required. Update project programme if necessary.

Identify primary DfMA construction strategy and timescale and determine sequencing.

Meet with contractors and go through project programme.

Make changes to timescales/costings etc. if applicable with considerations of contractor comments.

Conclude the building contract.

Close of contract.

Planning

Review planning history.

Consideration for planning application during feasibility stages, and taking into consideration timescale for application process.

Seek pre-application advice.

Application to be made, with consultation with client and design team.

Due to receive planning application response, and ammendments to be made considered during technical design process.

Construction site to be mindful of planning inspector visits during construction.

Building control to assess the completed building.

No further requirements from planning.

Sustainability Checkpoints

Sustainability Checkpoint — 0

Sustainability Checkpoint — 1

Sustainability Checkpoint — 2

Sustainability Checkpoint — 3

Sustainability Checkpoint — 4

Sustainability Checkpoint — 5

Sustainability Checkpoint — 6

Sustainability Checkpoint — 7

Undertake service and checks after a period of time.

Meet with client, contractors and pass on feedback with project team.

Take additional action if required.

7

Stages

Strategic Definition

Information Exchanges 1

2

3

https://www.ribaplanofwork.com/

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25 Month 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stage

8A Conclusion

Facing the vast shortage of social housing and a general housing crisis, DFMJ intends to establish the typology of the adaptable social housing by introducing standardized manufacturing modules, to create a platform for social interaction.

Chequerboard City is a flexible design approach to deal with the housing crisis not just in Manchester or the United Kingdom – it is an approach to fit a wide range of urban situations.

Coping with the Right to Buy Scheme that is destroying social housing, our design with the main topic on social interaction is staying social in every position. Providing different community and public spaces, the inhabitants can meet and chat. Some of them are coming from difficult situations, so the city is the right place for them.

The changeable aspect is provided by semi-Public spaces that can be transformed into private ones, so the residents don't have to leave their beloved communities. It is home for everybody: homeless people, the elderly, students, and young families.

It is an image of a city within a city.

Different activities meet different people, connecting them. This is our approach. – DFMJ

Jun Shi

Jizhe Max Han

Florian Heinz

Social issue drives From the architectural perspective to think the complicated world and social issue is the most significant gift from MSA and CPU Atelier. Before this, I thought architecture in technical and esthetical, as a relatively isolated subject. I am so glad to expand my view, to understand the world deep, to discuss the social problem, and try to give a solution constructively.

Concept continuous We conducted our initial concept throughout the whole process. The elementary idea of ‘Chess City’ but it’s power to create functional space, landscape experience, and budget saving. We also met the significant technical problems force us to swift our approaches, but built on our design.

Structure innovates Our unique aggregation results in the challenge in engineering. We made some innovation in connector and insulation that combined exterior and interior, excellent thermal performance and still low budget compared to traditional stacking. DFMA provides a unique opportunity for the customized design.

Group works This is my first time to do a school design project. What I mainly get from is 1. Learned from each other, especially in a new field; 2. Make works organized, efficient; 3. An open mind to different opinions, with respect; 4. Good communication skills.

Anthropology scale is crucial in housing design. Modular design engaged different scale architectural thinking, from 4m/4m modular spatial reasoning that based on the understanding of housing standards and regulations, the unite design to meet various requirements of mixed users literately, the logic of aggregation to organize units. Architecture is a system. The structure is like the skeleton, and mechanical system is to support the whole system and guaranty it will perform, which is a complicated job to make works each other, but sometimes we need to give priority to a particular aspect.

An adaptable modular is and with a thoughtful design. From modular to the building, it’s a magic way to generate an architecture. The logic behind is attractive and skilled. DfMA is an excellent method to study architecture from design to manufacturing and even to assembly processes, which built my understanding of the whole construction and to think the entire lifetime of the building from the birth to the future development. Working on Revit and relevant add-on plugins really contribute to DfMA and also group work. Revit is high efficiency in architectural representation.

Social Housing is one of the most critical areas for architects. But mostly it is forgotten. I appreciate working on such a topic as a student, learning from professionals. The movement from the land site to the cities is not stopping. Nevertheless, there is still no idea how to deal with the housing crisis. Coming from abroad and doing research on the housing situation in Manchester and England, in general, was eye-opening. The missing housing regulations are confronting the customers, as well as the chilled handling by the city council of Manchester with big developers.The brief was a very contemporary one and interesting to propose a design idea.

Our approach is a possible solution for the housing crisis in the UK, even globally. Our focus was a flexible scheme, and proudly we can say we found it. The smart stacking scheme for the modules is one of the small bits that make the design relevant. DfMA and prefabrication, as well as BIM as a useful planning tool, fit perfectly to the brief of a social housing project. All in all the different disciplines can connect easily in this project. Revit and BIM are very helpful for the planning stages.

Social Housing should be located in a social interaction environment. It is another approach to Co-Housing, fitting better for the broad society.

The aspect of mixing the disciplines of design, research, construction, and social working is making this project so rich.

C