CCI501 Research in Communication and Creative Industries
Approaching Assessment 2
Alternative approaches to discovery - Annotated Bibliography
School of Communication and Creative Industries
Outline • Annotated bibliography • Expectations for Assessment 2 • Marking Criteria
Associate Professor Peter Simmons
Charles Sturt University
psimmons@csu.edu.au
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Overview – where are we? ü Assessment 1: Research Scoping paper – topic, some literature, tentative research question(s)
Assessment 2: Alternative approaches to discovery - Annotated Bibliography – structured approach to evaluating relevant literature research topic. Should lead to reviewing and refining RQs - focus Assessment 3: Research Proposal – builds on Assessment 1 and 2
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What is an Annotated Bibliography? •
An annotated bibliography is a list of texts with a brief evaluative summary (annotation) about each source
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It is a structured approach to collecting and analysing literature, to inform and demonstrate how it contributes to your own research
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Annotations are descriptive and critical, with the aim of informing the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the texts (books, journal articles, etc.) cited.
What it is not • It is not a simple summary of each source text 4
Assessment Item 2 task: Alternative approaches to discovery
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Value: 30%
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Length: Upto 3,300 words
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Submission method: EASTS (online)
• Part A: Introduction (including table of contents)
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*Word document preferred to pdf*
• Part B: Bibliography
Annotated Bibilography
• Part C: Conclusion and direction Guide with examples: •
http://student.csu.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/186444/annotate1.pdf
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Texts for Assessment 2 – Mostly peer-reviewed scholarly journals
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Annotated Bibliography structure – up to 3,300 words Structure
Contents
PART A:
INTRODUCTION - including table of contents
PART B:
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Word count 300
Section 1 – Approach texts 1) Summary overview of research, approaches, assumptions in your chosen field 2) 2 texts by 150-200 words each
200 300
Section 2 – Method Example texts 1) Summary overview of how the texts contribute to your research question, major themes, issues etc. 2) 3 texts by 150 words each (texts that reflect current thinking)
PART C:
200 450
Section 3 – Your specific research texts 1) Summary overview and how they contribute to your research question(s) 2) 6 texts by 150 words each
200 900
CONCLUSION AND DIRECTION - What approach are you favouring and why?
300 6
Choose two of the following Approach texts: Bickmeier, R. M., Rogelberg, S. G., & Berka, G. C. (2016). Integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in doctoral education: A case study. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9(4), 748-753. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2016.85 Gilad, S. (2019). Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Pursuit of Richer Answers to Real-World Questions. Public Performance & Management Review, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694546 Lock, I., Wonneberger, A., Verhoeven, P., & Hellsten, I. (2020). Back to the Roots? The Applications of Communication Science Theories in Strategic Communication Research. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 14(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2019.1666398 Phiddian, R., Meyrick, J., Barnett, T., & Maltby, R. (2017). Counting culture to death: an Australian perspective on culture counts and quality metrics. Cultural Trends, 26(2), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/09548963.2017.1324014 Queirós, A., Faria, D., & Almeida, F. (2017). Strengths and limitations of qualitative and quantitative research methods. European Journal of Education Studies. https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/1017/2934 Thurman, N. (2018). Mixed methods communication research: Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in the study of online journalism. SAGE Research Methods Cases. http://methods.sagepub.com/case/mixed-methods-communication-research-online-journalism 2. Choose three of the following Method Example texts: Fleischmann, K., Welters, R., & Daniel, R. (2017). Creative industries and regional economic development: can a creative industries hub spark new ways to grow a regional economy?. Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, The, 23(2), 217. https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=109927288458842;res=IELNZC [survey/interview] Goodwin, K. (2019). Developing self-efficacy and career optimism through participation in communities of practice within Australian creative industries. Australian Journal of Career Development, 28(2), 122-131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416219849644 [narrative/interviews] Graham, P. (2016). Paradigmatic considerations for creative practice in Creative Industries research: the case of Australia's Indie 100. Creative Industries Journal, 9(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2016.1154655 [art practice as research] Mehmet, M., & Simmons, P. (2018). Kangaroo court? An analysis of social media justifications for attitudes to culling. Environmental Communication, 12(3), 370-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2016.1220966 [social media discourse analysis] Miller, E., Buys, L., & Donoghue, G. (2019). Photovoice in aged care: What do residents value?. Australasian journal on ageing, 38(3), e93-e97. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ajag.12641 [visual narrative analysis – photovoice] Sengul, K. (2019). Critical discourse analysis in political communication research: a case study of right-wing populist discourse in Australia. Communication Research and Practice, 5(4), 376-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/22041451.2019.1695082 [critical discourse analysis] Sigurdardottir, M. S., & Candi, M. (2019). Growth strategies in creative industries. Creativity and Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12334 [Multi case study] Toledano, M. (2017). Emergent methods: Using netnography in public relations research. Public relations review, 43(3), 597-604. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0363811116303204 [netnography]
Assessment 2 - Learning Outcomes Students able to; ... critically evaluate research principles and research methods applicable to the fields of communication and creative industries ... critically and systematically assess communication issues or problems and justify appropriate research strategies
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Example: one current study Topic: System for social media use by policy communicators Gap in knowledge: Most researchers are trying to automate analysis of social media (big data, quantitative sentiment analysis).
Literature:
Policy communication needs
Insights from previous studies using social media
• Qualitative studies of SM are being done to understand public policy issues but there are no agreed approaches to collecting and analysing SM • There is a need for a system(s) to help policymakers capture and process SM
Research Questions: 1. What are the information needs of policy communicators (that might be met by social media)? 2. What does SM offer policymakers and communicators? 3. How can social media be processed to help policy?
Uses for social media?
Research Methodology • Qualitative analysis of (expert) policymaker needs (interviews) • Systematic review of policy studies using social media • Pilot system 9
Mixed methods and wicked problems Scholarly researchers should deliberate more over the world’s most intractable challenges and research for impact. They refer to the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a guide to important challenges. ‘Good research arises from the combination of an interesting research question and appropriate methods for addressing the question’. ‘Obviously, individual efforts and research findings alone will not solve grand challenges. But the intricate, credible, and complex research possible with mixed methods research and evaluation can guide the thinking, discussions, and policies based on evidence that matters. Solving societal problems can only occur as a sum of many “small gestures,” that is, small, discrete actions carried out by many people. Mixed methods researchers have the tools to articulate the complexity of the problems, provide examples of fixes and compelling proof that will contribute to a better society’.
Questions?
What are you wrestling with? What do you need to help you get to where you want to go?
Interpretivist vs. Constructivist vs. Social Constructionism Interpretivism aims to understand reality based on an individual’s subjective meanings Constructivism seeks to understand individual constructions of meanings, with reality being constructed Social constructionism proposes that knowledge, understanding and meaning are constructed through human relationships, communication and how people use language to construct their reality (Berger & Luckmann, 1966). It encompasses the view that multiple realities are constructed through our experiences, cultural and historical background and interactions with people (Creswell 2013, p. 36). Crotty (1998) states that constructivism relates to the “meaning-making activity of the individual mind”, whereas constructionism includes “the collective generation [and transmission] of meaning” (p. 58). 12
Qualitative research – Philosophical foundations •
Assumptions, beliefs how we think about things and view the world “Unfortunately, there is almost no consistency in writers in how this aspect of qualitative research is discussed” (Merriam & Tisdell, 2016, p. 8)
Examples of descriptions: •
Theoretical traditions and orientations
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Paradigms and perspectives
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Philosophical assumptions and interpretive frameworks
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Epistemology and theoretical perspectives
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Worldview
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