Architecture Portfolio | Stage 2 | Part I

jodi hampton

ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO|STAGE 2|2013|110237233

SELF APPRAISAL MY SECOND YEAR DESIGN STUDIES HAVE BEEN COMPOSED OF FOUR KEY PROJECTS THAT HAVE TESTED

TYNEMOUTH PUBLIC I DECIDED TO TAKE A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO THIS PROJECT AND IMMEDIATELY

OF FURTHERING MY KNOWLEDGE IN THIS AREA. IN HINDSIGHT, MY LACK OF FAMILIARITY PROHIBITED

AND EXTENDED MY SKILLS AS WELL AS DEVELOPING MY CREATIVE THINKING. I HAVE RESEARCHED AND

CONTACTED TYNEMOUTH COUNCIL TO ACCESS SOME UNPUBLISHED CENSUS DATA. THIS TACTIC ENABLED

ME FROM MAKING A CONTRIBUTION BASED ON MY OWN PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AND I UNDERESTI-

STUDIED PRECEDENTS TO INCREASE MY LIBRARY OF IDEAS AND IMPROVE BOTH MY ARCHITECTURAL AND

ME TO UNDERSTAND THE COMPOSITION OF THE LOCAL POPULATION SO THAT I COULD MAKE AN IN-

MATED THE IMPACT THIS WOULD HAVE ON MY SUBMISSION. THIS WAS HIGHLIGHTED IN THE FEEDBACK

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT.

FORMED DECISION ABOUT THE MOST APPROPRIATE BRIEF SELECTION FOR THE AREA. SELECTING MY

RECEIVED AND REFLECTED IN MY GRADE, I THEREFORE INTEND TO TAKE GREATER CARE IN MY BRIEF

OWN BRIEF WAS A REFRESHING CHANGE AND BROUGHT A GREATER DEGREE OF RELEVANCE TO THE

SELECTION AND DRAW ON PERSONAL EXPERIENCE WHERE RELEVANT. THROUGHOUT THIS ESSAY I SPENT

PLACED, DISPLACED WAS A PRELIMINARY DESIGN EXERCISE INTENDED AS A FOUNDATION MODULE

PROJECT AS WELL AS PERMITTING ME SOME FREEDOM TO SELECT A SITE AND ‘ACTIVITIES’ WHICH WERE

A GREAT DEAL OF TIME FAMILIARISING MYSELF WITH THE RESOURCE CATALOGUE WHICH ENABLED ME

TO DEVELOP THREE-DIMENSIONAL THINKING. THE PROJECT FOCUSSED ON THE SPATIAL AND VOLUMETRIC

OF INTEREST TO ME. I MASTERED A FEW BASICS ON SKETCHUP TO WORK THREE-DIMENSIONALLY, RE-

FIND RELEVANT JOURNALS AND BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY. IN ADDITION, I TOOK GREAT CARE TO REFER-

PLANNING AND DESIGN OF A TERRACE HOUSE WITH TIGHT SITE CONSTRAINTS. THE BRIEF INITIATED CRE-

SULTING IN ME BEING MORE EXPERIMENTAL WITH MY DESIGN AS THIS PROGRAMME PROVIDED AN EASY

ENCE CORRECTLY, BOTH OF WHICH I’M SURE WILL SERVE ME WELL DURING MY DISSERTATION STUDIES.

ATIVE THINKING AND INNOVATIVE PROJECT DEVELOPMENT WHICH RESULTED IN ME GENERATING A RANGE

METHOD TO TRIAL OR DISCARD IDEAS, AND MAKING NUMEROUS ALTERATIONS AND AMENDMENTS. I

OF POSSIBLE PLANS WITHIN THE SAME FIXED VOLUMETRIC SPACE. TUTOR FEEDBACK HELPED ME TO EXPRESS

CONSEQUENTLY PRODUCED NUMEROUS DRAWINGS USING THE SKETCHUP MODEL AS A BASIS TO WORK

ON REFLECTION, THIS YEAR I HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY DEVELOPED AS A DESIGNER AND ARCHITECTURAL

DIFFERENT CONCEPTS THROUGH THE USE OF DRAFT MODELS WHICH SUBSEQUENTLY BECAME A KEY FEA-

UPON. I FRAMED THESE EXPERIMENTAL DRAWINGS, ALONG WITH DEVELOPMENT SKETCHES AND DI-

THINKER. I HAVE BECOME AWARE OF MY OWN STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES AND I AM WORKING TO-

TURE IN THIS PROJECT. THIS VISUAL AID WAS VERY HELPFUL TO UNDERSTAND IF THE PROPOSED DESIGNS

AGRAMS, WHICH ADDED A DIFFERENT ASPECT TO MY FINAL PRESENTATION AND BROUGHT IT UP TO

WARDS OVERCOMING THESE BARRIERS IN MY LEARNING. I HAVE GAINED KNOWLEDGE OF SEVERAL SOFT-

WERE FEASIBLE AND WAS INVALUABLE AS A GOOD COMMUNICATION TOOL. THIS TECHNIQUE HAS BEEN

EXHIBITION STANDARD. FEEDBACK WAS GIVEN THAT MORE JUSTIFICATION WAS NEEDED BETWEEN THE

WARE PACKAGES SUCH AS; AUTOCAD, SKETCHUP, PHOTOSHOP, INDESIGN AND APS-ETHOS.

BENEFICIAL AND I’VE SINCE USED MODELS IN ALL OTHER PROJECTS. I FEEL THAT MY TIME MANAGEMENT

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SPACES, WHICH I AGREE WITH AND WAS AWARE OF GOING INTO THE REVIEW.

IN THE FINAL STAGES OF THE DESIGN AND PRESENTATION COULD HAVE BEEN IMPROVED ENABLING ME TO

I HAVE ALSO IMPROVED MY SKETCHING AND DRAWING SKILLS, MOST NOTABLY THROUGH THE USE OF

SUBMIT WORK OF A HIGHER STANDARD. I HAVE SINCE REVISITED THE GENERAL PRESENTATION AND IM-

SECTION ALLEY WAS TO STUDY AND REPRESENT A COMPLEX SECTIONAL CONTEXT, AND TO THEN DE-

MY SKETCHBOOK, WHICH I WAS INFORMED ‘COULD BE PUBLISHED’. THIS COMMENT FILLED ME WITH

PROVED CERTAIN ASPECTS. IN CONCLUSION, I AIM TO BE MORE STRATEGIC WITH MY TIME AND RESOURCES.

SIGN A SMALL TIMBER CONSTRUCTION. THIS WAS A GROUP PROJECT, WHICH HAS BEEN BENEFICIAL TO MY

GREAT PLEASURE WHILST ALSO HIGHLIGHTING THAT PERHAPS ONE OF MY GREATEST STRENGTHS AND

LEARNING THROUGH BOTH OBSERVING AND TEACHING OTHERS. DUE TO THE TIGHT WEEKLY DEADLINES I

WEAKNESSES IS THE FACT THAT I AM A PERFECTIONIST.

SIMPLICITY, ECONOMY, HOME DEVELOPED SOME OF THE NOTIONS, SUCH AS COMMU-

ORGANISED AND PRIORITISED MY TIME TO WORK EFFICIENTLY UNDER A STUDIO SETTING. THIS PROJECT

NITY AND PRIVACY, WHICH WERE PREVIOUSLY EXPLORED IN PLACED, DISPLACED. THE BRIEF WAS

HAS DEVELOPED MY COMMUNICATION, LISTENING AND DELEGATION SKILLS. THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT

MORE COMPLEX DUE TO THE SIZE OF THE BUILDING AND THE NEED FOR ACCESS TO ALL. BUILDING

I SHARED INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE RELATING TO THE OPERATION OF THE WORK-

ON TECHNIQUES AND SKILLS DEVELOPED IN THE PREVIOUS PROJECT I CONSTRUCTED A NUMBER OF

SHOP, LASER CUTTER AND LASER SOFTWARE. I HAVE FOUND IT USEFUL TO CALL ON THE EXPERIENCE OF

DEVELOPMENT MODELS, A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE USING STRING ALLOWED ME TO STIMULATE MOVE-

OTHERS AND MADE REQUESTS FOR ASSISTANCE WHERE NECESSARY AS WELL AS TAKING THE INITIATIVE

MENT 3-DIMENSIONALLY, THIS ASSISTED MY DECISION MAKING FOR ENTRANCE LOCATIONS AND

TO OFFER HELP TO OTHER TEAM MEMBERS. I HAVE ALSO GAINED A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF HOW

DIFFERENT SPACE OPTIONS WITHIN THE SITE. FOR MY FINAL REVIEW I CREATED A LARGE CLEAR

THE WORKSHOP WORKS IN RELATION TO ALL THE POWER TOOLS, COMMANDS ON AUTOCAD, PHOTOSHOP

ACRYLIC PARTI MODEL, WHICH PROVED TO BE A SIMPLE MASSING SOLUTION THAT COMMUNICATED

TOOLS AND HOW TO MAKE A COHERENT AND CONSISTENT PRESENTATION USING ARCHIPRINT FACILITIES.

CLEARLY TO THE AUDIENCE. I ALSO REINFORCED THIS DESIGN THROUGH THE USE OF ACCOMPANYING SAMPLE MATERIALS. I HAVE USED THIS EFFECTIVE MODELLING TECHNIQUE ACROSS OTHER PROJECTS

COURSEWORK WAS ALSO COMPLETED ALONGSIDE ALL THE ABOVE DESIGN PROJECTS RELATING TO

AND I INTEND TO CONTINUE TO EMPHASISE KEY FEATURES THROUGH THE USE OF SAMPLES, DETAILED

TECHNOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE. I FOUND

DRAWINGS, FURTHER ANNOTATIONS ETC. HOWEVER, MY PRESENTATION WAS LACKING THREE-DI-

THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAP ANALYSIS SPREADSHEET PARTICULARLY INTERESTING AND WAS KEEN TO GET

MENSIONAL DRAWINGS, SUCH AS AXONOMETRIC, WHICH I INTEND TO LEARN OVER THE SUMMER.

MY IMPROVEMENT FACTOR AS HIGH AS POSSIBLE, WHICH CONSEQUENTLY LED TO ME LEARNING A GREAT DEAL ABOUT CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. FOR MY PLACE OF HOUSES ESSAY, I DECIDED TO STUDY

CIVIC CENTERED MADE IT IMPERATIVE THAT DUE CONSIDERATION WAS GIVEN TO THE NEEDS OF

THE CONCEPT OF HOME FOR NON-DOMESTIC SPACES. I SELECTED THIS TOPIC DUE TO MY LACK OF EXPE-

THE LOCAL POPULATION. HOWEVER, BEING UNFAMILIAR WITH THE DEMOGRAPHIC MAKEUP OF THE

RIENCE IN LARGE PUBLIC BUILDINGS SUCH AS HOSPITALS AND I LOOKED FORWARD TO THE PROSPECT

110237233

placed,displaced

01

simplicity,economy,home

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civic centered

section alley

academic

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04

08

14

20

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PLACED,DISLACED brandling|newcastle spatial & volumetric planning small row house

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PLACING THE DISPLACED THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PLACED, DISPLACED PROJECT WAS TO CONSTRUCT A SMALL TWO-STOREY HOME FOR A YOUNG COUPLE, IN BRANDLING, NEWCASTLE. THIS SMALL CONSTRUCTION WAS TO BE ONE OF SEVEN TO BE ERECTED IN THE STREET. ALL WOULD BE DESIGNED BY INDIVIDUAL ARCHITECTS, DEVELOPING A UNIQUE DESIGN FOR EACH PLOT. THE PLOT WE WERE ASSIGNED WAS SETTLED IN A BASIC PUBLIC/PRIVATE SCENARIO THEREFORE THIS ENABLED US TO COLLABORATE DIFFERENT DESIGN ALTERNATIVES WITHIN A FIXED VOLUME. THE CLIENTS WERE A YOUNG LIVELY COUPLE, WITH PARTICULAR INTERESTS IN ENTERTAINING FRIENDS, CYCLING AND OUTDOOR PURSUITS.

SECTION

01

not to scale

2

5

6

1

DINING & LIBRARY

2

KITCHEN

3

STUDY AREA

4

LIVING ROOM

5

BEDROOM

6

EN-SUITE

1

3

PLAN|LEVEL 00

4

PLAN|LEVEL 01 not to scale

FOCUSING ON THE ISSUE OF PRIVACY AND NATURAL SUNLIGHT, IT WAS IMPORTANT THAT THE ROOM ORIENTATION WAS DESIGNED TO ENSURE THAT BOTH OF THESE ASPECTS ARE SUFFICIENT. I LOCATED THE BEDROOM AT THE REAR OF THE HOUSE AND INSTALLED LOW HORIZONTAL WINDOWS ALONG THE BOTTOM TEAMED WITH A SKYLIGHT. THIS DESIGN LAYOUT ENABLED LIGHT TO ILLUMINATE THE SPACES FROM DIFFERENT LIGHT SOURCES. WITH PRIVACY BEING A DOMINANT ISSUE, I CAREFULLY PUT THE ROOM AT THE BACK ALONG WITH A SM ALL AMOUNT OF GLAZING SO THAT LUMINOSITY IS NOT SACRIFICED. AT THE FRONT OF THE HOUSE I RAISED AND ELONGATED THE WINDOWS DUE TO THE FAÇADE BEING HARD ONTO THE STREET FRONT. ONCE INSIDE THE HOUSE, THE OCCUPANT CAN PEER OUTSIDE FROM THE KITCHEN OR STUDY VIA THE DIFFERENT LEVELS. THE AMOUNT OF SOUTH LIGHT WILL NOT BE COMPROMISED DUE TO LARGE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL BANDS. THE OPEN PLAN FEEL TO THE HOUSE IS NOT JEOPARDISED THANKS TO THE SPACES BEING DEFINED BY DIFFERENT FLOOR LEVELS AND FUNCTION.

07

STRAWBERRY PLACE, NEWCASTLE. THIS LOCATION WAS OF INTEREST DUE TO ITS UNDERLYING URBAN RICHNESS. THE SITE’S CENTRAL LOCATION DISPLAYS A HEAVY SOCIAL QUALITY AND GIVES THE STUDENTS A TRUE PERCEPTION OF WHAT A REAL WORKING ENVIRONMENT IS LIKE FROM ITS TACTILE LAYOUT. IT WILL INTEGRATE THE STUDENTS INTO THE COMMUNITY FASTER AND ALLOW PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT DUE TO THE CLOSE PROXIMITY OF THE CITY. THE SITE PRESENTS OPPORTUNITY.

SIMPLICITY,ECONOMY,HOME strawberry place|newcastle community & privacy a foyer

02

SOCIAL INTEGRATION BY ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATION SOCIETY HAS POLITICALLY DICTATED A WORK AND HOME SEPARATION, WHICH I DELIBERATELY INTEGRATED INTO THE LIVES OF A GROUP OF DISADVANTAGED YOUNG ADULTS. I ECHOED THIS WORK/HOME SEGREGATION UNDER ONE ROOF TO ENABLE RESIDENTS TO LEARN FROM THE COMMUNITY AROUND THEM, WHICH WILL RESULT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WORKING ETHICS. THE FOYER IS SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO HELP DEVELOP SKILLS FOR INDEPENDENCE AND ENCOURAGE GREATER RESILIENCE TO SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS. “PUTTING THEM IN A SPACE WHICH A FORMAL CONTRACT AND STRUCTURE WILL OFFER TOOLS THEY NEED TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR FUTURE AND WILL HELP THEM TO SECURE LASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE’’ DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. BEDROOMS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED WITH MOVEABLE FURNITURE, ALLOWING THE YOUNG ADULTS TO PERSONALISE THEIR SPACE, THEREFORE AMPLIFYING THE SEPARATION BETWEEN WORK AND HOME. ALTHOUGH SEPARATION IS A KEY CONCEPT, IT’S STILL IMPORTANT TO CONNECT THESE INDIVIDUAL SPACES, TO CREATE A STRONG COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT. THERE IS A CONNECTION BETWEEN THE PEOPLE WHO OCCUPY THE SPACES, THE BUILDINGS AND ACTIVITIES. THIS WILL CREATE A SUSTAINABLE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT.

SECTION

01

PATH|ROAD

PUBLIC|PRIVATE

ENTRY POINTS

OPEN SPACES

DIAGRAMMING

not to scale

SECTION

02

not to scale

SKETCH|NORTH ELEVATION

11

SAMPLE MATERIALS

DEVELOPMENTSKETCHBOOK PAGE

SPATIAL MODEL

CONCEPT SITE MODEL

DEVELOPMENT SKETCHBOOK PAGE

ACRYLIC MASS MODELLING

1

WORKSHOP

2

TOILETS

3

ATRIUM

4

STUDENT AREA

5

KITCHEN

6

STORAGE ROOM

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LAUNDRY ROOM

8

HOUSEKEEPING

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COURTYARD

10

TUTORS FLAT

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STUDENT BEDROOMS

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EN-SUITE

4

6

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5

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3

2

8

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9

1

PLAN|LEVEL 00

PUBLIC

ENTRANCE

CONNECTING ATRIUM

ELEVATION 01

11

12

11

12

3

1

PLAN|LEVEL 02

PLAN|LEVEL 01

THRESHOLD

PASSAGE OF SPACE

not to scale

PRIVATE

BEDROOM INTERIOR

NORTHERN VIEW

SPATIAL ORDERS VISITORS ENTERING THE BUILDING AT THE PUBLIC ENTRANCE CAN SEE THROUGH THE STRUCTURE VIA THE LARGE GLAZED AREAS OF THE ATRIUM. BY CREATING THESE VISIBLE CONNECTIONS AROUND THE BUILDING THE DESIGN UNITES WITH THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. ONCE INSIDE AND NAVIGATING FROM THE ATRIUM TO A BEDROOM THE CEILING HEIGHT ALTERS TO INDICATE A CHANGE IN THRESHOLD FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATE. THIS CREATES A DIVISION WITHIN THE FOYER; DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN THE OPEN, PUBLIC, WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND THE MORE INTIMATE, PRIVATE SPACES. MAKING THE TWO WORLDS OF WORK AND PLAY UNIFY IN ONE BUILDING.

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OPEN AIR BATHING POOL, TYNEMOUTH. TYNEMOUTH’S OPEN AIR BATHING POOL WAS CONSTRUCTED AND OPENED IN 1925. DUE TO ITS IDYLLIC SEASIDE SETTING IT AUTOMATICALLY BECAME A POPULAR AND PRESTIGIOUS ATTRACTION. UNFORTUNATELY, THE POOL TODAY LIES AS AN UNUSED, GHOSTLY ROCKPOOL DESPERATE TO BE RETURNED TO ITS FORMER GLORY. BUT, FOR ME IT WAS AN ALLURING SPOT FOR A PROJECT.

CIVIC CENTERED bathing pool|tynemouth public & collective leisure & literary coop

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OPEN AIR BATHING POOL AFTER VISITING TYNEMOUTH AND EXPLORING THE RUGGED LANDSCAPE THAT IS ONE WITH NATURE, I BECAME AWARE OF THE PULL TO THE SHORELINE. THE HYPNOTIC TO AND FROM OF THE OCEAN, THE CHANGE AND PLAY OF LIGHT ACROSS THE WATER AND SKYLINE, ALL LEAVING ONE IN A CONTEMPLATIVE AND MEDITATIVE MOOD. THIS CONFLICTS WITH THE NOTABLE POWER AND STRENGTH BEHIND THE ROBUST ELEMENTS AND VARYING WEATHER PATTERNS OF TYNEMOUTH, MUCH LIKE THE CONTRAST BETWEEN LITERARY AND LEISURE. SITE D PROVIDED A PERFECT AMPHITHEATRE TO VIEW NATURE’S SPECTACULAR PERFORMANCE AND INTERACTION WITH THE LANDSCAPE. THE POOL IS A WELL-KNOWN TYNEMOUTH LANDMARK, WITH A RICH HERITAGE FOR AQUATIC LEISURE ACTIVITIES THAT HAS FALLEN INTO DISREPAIR AND AS A RESULT IS UNDERUTILISED. IT BENEFITS FROM DIRECT ACCESS TO THE BEACH AND IS ALONG THE NATIONAL CYCLE ROUTE 1 AND THE

SKETCHS|DEVELOPMENT

NATIONAL CYCLE ROUTE NETWORK SEA TO SEA (C2C) ENDS IN TYNEMOUTH BOTH OF WHICH COMPLEMENT THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES OF THE CIVIC CENTRED BUILDING.

WHY LEISURE & LITERARY COOP? ANALYSIS OF ONS POPULATION DATA SHOWED THAT WHILE THE LOCAL ‘GENERAL PUBLIC’ IS COMPOSED OF ALL AGE GROUPS, 17% OF THE POPULATION IS AGED UNDER 20 AND OVER 60’S REPRESENT 28% OF THE POPULATION. THE LOCALITY OF KINGS SCHOOL, TYNEMOUTH WITH >800 PUPILS ATTENDING AGED BETWEEN 4-18 YEARS OLD WAS ALSO NOTED. WHEN SELECTING THE OPTIONAL BRIEF IT WAS IMPERATIVE THAT ALL AGE GROUPS SHOULD BE CATERED FOR, THE ACTIVITIES WOULD COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER AND PROVIDE A STRONG COMMUNITY HUB TO BE ENJOYED BY ALL. DUE TO THE LOCATION, HERITAGE OF THE SITE, ACCESS TO COMPLEMENTARY ACTIVITIES AND LARGE COMMUNITY CAMPAIGN IT WAS DECIDED THAT LEISURE WOULD BE WELL SUITED TO BOTH THE SITE AND THE POPULATION STRUCTURE. SIMILARLY, LITERARY HUBS ARE RECOGNISED AS BEING A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF THE COMMUNITY, PROVIDING A POSITIVE EXPERIENCE FOR LOCAL PEOPLE AND DEMONSTRATING THE VALUE A LOCAL AUTHORITY PLACES ON ITS COMMUNITY. WHILE AT FIRST APPEARING TO CONFLICT WITH THE LEISURE ASPECT OF THE SITE, FURTHER RESEARCH INTO IMPROVING VISITOR NUMBERS TO LIBRARIES SHOWS THAT HAVING A COFFEE SHOP ON SITE, EXTENDING OPENING HOURS AND HAVING MORE ACTIVITIES FOR FAMILIES AND CHILDREN ARE IMPORTANT FACTORS (CILIP.ORG, 2013) – ALL OF WHICH CAN BE PROVIDED FOR BY COMBINING LEISURE AND LITERARY ON ONE SITE. AS CABE.ORG (2013) STATES INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS ARE NEEDED TO MAKE LIBRARIES RELEVANT AGAIN, ALONG WITH INVITING ENVIRONMENTS, GOOD LOCATIONS AND MODERN DESIGN. WHILE AT FIRST NOT AN OBVIOUS CHOICE, COMBINING LEISURE AND LITERARY WOULD INDEED PROVIDE AN ORIGINAL, MODERN HUB TO BE ENJOYED BY ALL AGES. IN ADDITION, A LITERARY-LEISURE

SKETCHS|DEVELOPMENT

HUB WILL DELIVER AGAINST SOME KEY BIG SOCIETY OBJECTIVES, WHICH NOW FORMS PART OF THE COALITION GOVERNMENT AGREEMENT.

FINAL MODEL

FINAL SITE MODEL| ACRYLIC PARTI MODEL

FINAL MODEL|LIBRARY (16) ENTRY|ROUTE|DOMAIN

DRAFT SITE MODEL|WORKING MODEL

SEPARATION OF ACTIVITIES|THRESHOLDS|NOISE|ATMOSPHERE|VIEWS

17 SECTION 01 not to scale

1

RECEPTION

2

RETAIL SHOP

MY DESIGN IS ANCHORED TO THE SOUTHWEST CORNER TO MAKE GOOD USE OF THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE. TO

3

WET STORE

MAXIMISE THE AMAZING OCEAN VIEWS, I CREATED A KEY LINE OF VISION THROUGH THE SITE FROM THE SOUTHWEST

4

DIVING POOL

CORNER TO NORTHEAST. THIS VISTA HAS BEEN ACHIEVED BY CREATING AN EXTERNAL ATRIUM, WITH INTERCONNECT-

5

CLASSROOM

ING BRIDGES. THE EXTERNAL ATRIUM ALSO ACTS AS A DIVISION THROUGH THE BUILDING WHICH SUPPORTS THE

6

TOILETS

CHANGE IN USE FROM LEISURE TO LITERARY WHICH ARE LOCATED IN DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF THE BUILDING. THIS

7

CRÈCHE

DESIGN ALLOWS THE TWO ACTIVITIES TO BE SEPARATED, CREATING A BARRIER FOR DIFFERING NOISE LEVELS, PRO-

8

BIKE WORKSHOP

VIDES DIFFERENT VIEWPOINTS OVER THE EVER-CHANGING LANDSCAPE AND ALSO ENABLES A PORTION OF THE BUILD-

9

CLEANERS ROOM

ING TO STAY UNIFIED FOR MULTIPURPOSE AREAS SUCH AS THE RECEPTION. CREATING THESE THRESHOLDS ALLOWS

10

BOILERS ROOM

FOR DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS IN SINGULAR SPACES.

11 CHANGING ROOMS 12

FIRST AID

THE MAIN DESIGN FEATURE IS A MULTIPURPOSE ATRIUM SPACE ACTING AS BOTH A PASSAGEWAY AND RESTING AREA

13

DRYING ROOM

FOR CONTEMPLATION BY THE MEANS OF SEATING PROVIDED AT THE START, END AND MIDDLE OF THE AREA. THIS EX-

14

COFFEE SHOP

TERNAL SPACE WILL ALSO HOUSE THE CLIMBING WALL, WHICH WILL ALLOW PEOPLE TO SEE THE DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES

15

GALLERY KITCHEN

ON OFFER AT THE CIVIC CENTRE. BY HOUSING ALL THESE FACILITIES UNDER ONE ROOF, IT WILL ALLOW FOR A GREAT

16

LIBRARY

COMMUNITY HUB.

17

KIDS AREA

18

THE LOOKOUT

6 5

4

7

3 2 1

8

9

6

10

PLAN|LEVEL 00

VIEW|ATRIUM

FINAL SOLUTION

ELEVATION 01

18 15

13 12

6

17

14

11

11

16

PLAN|LEVEL 01

PLAN|LEVEL 02 not to scale

19

WORKSHOP

WORKSHOP

PLECTRUMS

DETAILING|LFRAME

DETAILING|LFRAME

ADVERTISEMENT

ADVERTISEMENT

PLECTRUMS

1:1|FLOOR TILES

LOGO

QUAYSIDE

1:1|LFRAME HAND SKETCH

SITE MODEL

GROUP 7 HIGH LEVEL BRIDGE

“THE PLAN IS THE GENERATOR” LE CORBUSIER CHARE: IN THE DIALECT OF THE NORTH-EAST, IS A NARROW MEDIEVAL ALLEY. SECTION ALLEY FOCUSSED ON COMMUNICATING THROUGH THE USE OF SECTIONS. PLANS WERE PROHIBITED THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS AND IN RETROSPECT THIS HAS BEEN FUNDAMENTAL TO MY LEARNING OUTCOME. ORDINARILY, I WOULD NATURALLY THINK IN PLAN FORMAT WHICH HAS NOT BEEN POSSIBLE IN THIS PROJECT. ENCOURAGING ONESELF TO THINK IN SECTION HAS BEEN AN ENLIGHTENING EXPERIENCE AND BROUGHT A NEW DIMENSION TO MY WORK. PLUMMER CHARE IS A NARROW PASSAGE WAY WHICH SERVES AS PEDESTRIAN ACCESS TO AND FROM THE QUAYSIDE AND THE CITY. IT ALSO ACTS AS A FIRE ESCAPE FOR ADJACENT PROPERTIES. IT HAS A STRONG INDUSTRIAL PRESENCE, WHILE ALL AROUND ITS NEIGHBOURING BUILDINGS HAVE BEEN GRANTED A NEW LEASE OF LIFE, OR HAVE LOST THEIR PLACE TO MODERN DEVELOPMENTS. IN MORE RECENT TIMES THE CHARE HAS BEEN ABANDONED IN FAVOUR OF ALTERNATIVE ROUTES TO AND FROM THE QUAYSIDE, THIS HAS RESULTED IN THE PASSAGEWAY BECOMING VIRTUALLY UNKNOWN. THIS ONCE BUSY STREET EASILY GOES UNNOTICED BY MANY PASSING BY TODAY. ITS STATE OF DISUSE HAS PRESERVED ITS ARCHITECTURE TO DISPLAY AN INTERESTING COMBINATION OF RAW MATERIALS, VINTAGE MECHANICS AND ERODING LINES. CONTRASTING TO ITS PRIOR USE AS A BUSY STREET, IT NOW GOES UNNOTICED BY MANY PASSING. MOST OF THESE DARK LANES ARE NOW DANGEROUSLY INHABITED FOR MANY. WE DESIGNED TWO TEMPORARY INSTALLATIONS. ONE BASED ON L FRAMES & U FRAMES, WHICH WOULD BE PLACED IN THE ALLEY WHERE SPACES OPEN UP TO KEEP A TUNNEL LIKE PRESENCE. STRING WOULD BE ATTACHED TO THE FRAMES TO ALLOW PEOPLE TO EXPERIENCE AND CREATE MUSIC WHILST JOURNEYING THROUGH THE CHARE. THESE FRAMES ARE PLACED ON RAILS AND CAN BE FOLDED AWAY DURING THE DAY. THE SECOND DESIGN IS A SERIES OF MUSICAL GROUND FRAMES. WHEN UNFOLDED THESE COULD BE STEPPED UPON TO CREATE MUSIC, SIMILAR TO THAT OF MUSIC TILES IN MUSEUMPLEIN, AMSTERDAM. DURING THE DAY THESE ARE FOLDED AWAY AGAINST THE WALL. IN THIS SHORT PROJECT WE MANAGED TO PRODUCE TWO 1:1 SIZED MODELS, THE L FRAME & FLOOR TILE. ACRYLIC PLECTRUMS, DRUM STICKS AND KEYCHAINS WERE ALSO CREATED TO ACCOMPANY THESE 1:1 MODELS. THE END RESULT WAS AN INTERACTIVE LIFE SIZE INSTRUMENT, WHICH TURNED OUT TO BE A STRONG FACTOR IN OUR EXHIBITION.

SECTION ALLEY plummer chare|newcastle quayside study & represent a complex sectional context music performance venue

04

DURING THE DAY, OUR TEMPORARY MUSICAL STRUCTURES LIE AS A SUBTERRANEAN PART OF PLUMMER CHARE.

SECTION 01 not to scale

SECTION 02

MUSICAL FLOOR TILES

PULL UP SIDE SQUARES

LFRAME|FOLDED AWAY

TEXTURE|WALL

not to scale

AT NIGHT, THE ALLEY IS ILLUMINATED AND ATTRACTS SPECTATORS AS THEY WALK BY. THE INSTALLATIONS INVITE BYSTANDERS TO FULFIL THEIR SENSORY APPETITE.

23

the place of houses

enviornmental design & services

architectural technology semester 1

architectural technology semester 2

5

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5.1 the place of houses

BACHELARD HAS WRITTEN THAT ‘‘ALL REALLY INHABITITED SPACES BEARS THE ESSENCE OF NOTION OF HOME’’ WHAT IS THE RELEVANCE OF CONCEPTS OF HOME FOR NON-DOMESTIC SPACES? CAN ‘HOME’ EXIST BEYOND THE DOMESTIC SPHERE? USE SPECIFIC EXAMPLES TO CONSTRUCT YOUR ARGUMENT. THE NOTION OF HOME IS AN AMBIGUOUS TERM, OFTEN USED METAPHORICALLY TO DESCRIBE OUR EMOTIONS AND SENTIMENTS SURROUNDING A PRIVATE PLACE IN A WORLD OF PUBLIC PLACES (DEKKER 2011; FRAIM, 2012; SACK, 1992). MANY HAVE ATTEMPTED TO DESCRIBE AND ANALYSE THE DEFINING FEATURES OF HOME WITH VARIOUS EFFECTS (SEE FIGURE 1). HOWEVER, MOST ARE UNITED IN THE OPINION THAT WHILE HOME IS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE CONCEPT OF HOUSE AND DWELLING, IT IS IMPORTANT TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE TWO.

HOME CAN BE DESCRIBED AS LOCATED IN SPACE, ALTHOUGH NOT NECESSARILY, A FIXED SPACE. IT HAS BEEN SAID THAT BEING AT HOME IS NOT JUST LIVING IN A HOUSE, THERE IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AS WELL AS CULTURAL, NORMATIVE, AND MORAL MEANING (DEKKERS, 2011; BACHELARD, 1994). THE TERM “HOME” HAS BEEN USED TO REFER TO THE PLACE OF BIRTH, A COUNTRY, THE PLACE WHERE ONE RESIDES, WHERE ONE COMES FROM OR WHERE ONE IS GOING TO. AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THIS AMBIGUITY, THE IDEA OF HOME IS CONNECTED TO MANY OTHER NOTIONS SUCH AS: ROOTS, HOUSE, ENVIRONMENT, FAMILY, DWELLING, INTIMACY, PRIVACY, PROTECTION, SECURITY, COMFORT, SACREDNESS, AND PARADISE (DEKKERS, 2011) (SEE FIGURE 3).

WHILE OUR EVERYDAY EXPERIENCES SHAPE OUR OWN PERSONAL NOTION OF HOME THEY VERY RARELY CROSS INTO THE PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE (DEKKERS, 2009). LARGE NON-DOMESTIC SPACES SUCH AS HOSPITALS, RESIDENTIAL HOMES, NURSING HOMES AND REHABILITATION CENTRES ARE FREQUENTLY REGARDED AS THE “ANTITHESIS OF PERSONALISED, SMALL–SCALE, DOMESTIC, HOME ENVIRONMENTS” (KELLETT & COLLINS, 2009).

HOWEVER, IT IS RECOGNISED THAT ‘HOME-LIKE’ ENVIRONMENTS ARE MORE CONDUCTIVE TO HEALTH AND WELL-BEING (KELLETT & COLLINS, 2009) AND THAT THE ARCHITECTURE OF SUCH A “SURROGATE HOME” CAN CONTRIBUTE CONSIDERABLY TO THE WELL-BEING OF ITS INHABITANTS (DEKKERS, 2009). A LARGE MULTI-DISCIPLINARY STUDY BY KELLETT & COLLINS (2009) EVALUATED A HOSPITAL RE-BUILDING PROJECT WHERE THE HOSPITAL TRUST USED HIGH QUALITY ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND THE USE OF PUBLIC ARTWORKS TO ACHIEVE A SENSE OF INTIMACY FOR INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS AND TO ENCOURAGE A SENSE OF OWNERSHIP OF THE HOSPITAL AMONGST THE LOCAL COMMUNITY. STAFF AND PATIENTS WERE INTERVIEWED TO ASSESS THE DOMESTICATION OF HOSPITAL SPACE AND WAYS IN WHICH THE HOSPITAL IS REPRESENTED AS ‘HOME’.

HOME AS ORDER

FIGURE 1. QUOTES FROM, JANE AUSTEN, GASTON BACHELARD, LE CORBUSIER, ALL FROM BRAINYQUOTE.COM. PORTRAIT DRAWN BY JODI HAMPTON, 2013, ADAPTED FROM THEINDEPENDANT.CO.UK, PINTEREST.COM AND GQMAGAZINE.CO.UK.

HOME IS A SACRED PLACE, A SECURE PLACE, THIS MAY BE SOMEONE’S OWN PLACE, THE PLACE TO BE. HOME IS A PLACE OF CERTAINTY, CONFIDENCE AND STABILITY, WHERE ONE CAN TRUST THE OTHER, WHERE ONE FEELS COMFORTABLE, SAFE AND WHERE ONE’S PRIVACY IS MOST RESPECTED (DEKKERS, 2009; DOVEY, 1985).

HOME AS ORDER IS NOT ONLY SPATIAL ORIENTATION BUT ALSO TEMPORAL ORIENTATION (DOVEY, 1985). THE HOME ENVIRONMENT IS ONE THOROUGHLY IMBUED WITH THE FAMILIARITY OF PAST EXPERIENCE. IT IS THE ENVIRONMENT WE INHABIT DAY AFTER DAY UNTIL IT BECOMES TAKEN FOR GRANTED AND IS UN-SELFCONCIOUS (DOVEY, 1985). SIMILARLY, THE LACK OF FAMILIARITY OR REMOVAL OF SAID FAMILIARITY WILL CAUSE INSECURITY AND INSTABILITY CREATING AN UNHOMELY FEELING AS DESCRIBED BY KELLETT & COLLINS INTERVIEWEE “IT’S VERY DIFFICULT FOR PEOPLE THAT HAVE WORKED HERE FOR A LONG TIME... HAVE GOT USED TO IT AND ARE FAMILIAR AND ALL THAT... EVEN IF IT IS A BIT TATTY AND GRUBBY AT THE EDGES... AND IT’S ALSO DIFFICULT FOR PATIENTS THAT’VE BEEN COMING HERE FOR, YOU KNOW,.. DECADES OR... AND IT’S DIFFICULT FOR THEM TO CHANGE...” (KELLETT & COLLINS, 2009).

BACHELARD (1994) DEFINES A HOUSE AS “FIRST AND FOREMOST A GEOMETRICAL OBJECT, ONE WHICH WE ARE TEMPTED TO ANALYZE RATIONALLY. ITS PRIME REALITY IS VISIBLE AND TANGIBLE, MADE OF WELL HEWN SOLIDS AND WELL FITTED FRAMEWORK”. THE WALLS OF A HOUSE REPRESENT THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN INNER AND OUTER SPACE. IN CONTRAST TO THE OUTER SPACE OF “OPENNESS, OF DANGER AND ABANDONMENT,” THE SPACE OF THE HOME PROVIDES A PROTECTED AND HIDDEN AREA, IN WHICH THE HUMAN BEING “CAN BE RELIEVED OF CONTINUAL ANXIOUS ALERTNESS, INTO WHICH HE CAN WITHDRAW IN ORDER TO RETURN TO HIMSELF” (DEKKERS, 2011).

A NUMBER OF KELLETT & COLLINS (2009) RESPONDENTS REMARKED THAT THE IMAGERY AND ATMOSPHERE OF THE NEW HOSPITAL (JAMES COOK) DOES NOT CONFORM TO TRADITIONAL EXPECTATIONS OF A HOSPITAL. WHILE FOR SOME THIS IS A POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT, FOR OTHERS IT CREATES UNEASE. ONE INTERVIEWEE DESCRIBES HOW THE NEW HOSPITAL SUGGESTS A DIFFERENT CODE OF BEHAVIOUR. HE FEELS THAT THE NEW SPACE NEEDS CLARIFICATION ABOUT WHAT BEHAVIOUR WILL BE APPROPRIATE. THIS BEHAVIOUR IS “THE VERY OPPOSITE OF AN ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH PEOPLE FEEL ‘AT HOME’ AND SENSE THEY ARE IN CONTROL” (KELLETT & COLLINS, 2009). “IN ANXIETY WE FEEL UNHOMELIKE […] UNHOMELIKENESS MEANS AT THE SAME TIME NOT BEING

‘‘THERE IS NOTHING LIKE STAYING AT HOME FOR REAL COMFORT’’

“FIRST AND FOREMOST A GEOMETRICAL OBJECT, ONE WHICH WE ARE TEMPTED TO ANALYZE RATIONALLY. ITS PRIME REALITY IS VISIBLE AND TANGIBLE, MADE OF WELL HEWN SOLIDS AND WELL FITTED FRAMEWORK”

“A HOUSE IS A MACHINE FOR LIVING IN”

AT HOME” (DEKKERS, 2009).

THE ABOVE DESCRIPTION OF A HOUSE COULD ALSO BE APPLIED TO MANY NON-DOMESTIC SPACES, BUT WHILE A HOUSE AND HOME ARE INEXTRICABLY LINKED, THE DEFINITION OF HOME WILL NEED FURTHER STUDY TO ASCERTAIN IF “ALL REALLY INHABITED SPACES BEAR THE ESSENCE OF THE NOTION OF HOME”. I WILL DRAW ON DOVEY’S (1985) CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK TO ORGANISE AND ORDER THIS INVESTIGATION (SEE FIGURE 2 & 3). THE FRAMEWORK CONSISTS OF THREE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS WHICH WHICH EMPHASISE THE EXPERIENTIAL, SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DIMENSIONS OF HOME:

ORDER, IDENTITY AND CONNECTEDNESS

HOME AS IDENTITY FURNISHINGS, DECORATION, MOMENTOS AND PERSONALISATION PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN COMMUNICATION OF IDENTITY WHICH BOTH CREATES AND REFLECTS WHO WE ARE (DOVEY, 1985; RAPOPORT, 1985). THE ABILITY TO BE IN CONTROL OF THE ENVIRONMENT IS A KEY ASPECT OF FEELING AT HOME (DOVEY, 1985), AND CONTROL OF THE ENVIRONMENT INCLUDES THE OPPORTUNITY AND POTENTIAL TO ENGAGE, INTERACT AND EVEN CHANGE IT (KELLETT & COLLINS, 2009).

“ALTHOUGH THERE ARE ASPECTS OF CONTROL WHICH MUST INEVITABLY BE CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONALLY, IT APPEARS THAT […] THE DESIGNERS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO CREATE A RESPONSIVE ENVIRONMENT WHICH ALLOWS MANY PATIENTS TO RETAIN CONTROL OF THEIR OWN PLACES, THEREBY RE-CREATING SOME OF THE CONDITIONS OF HOME” (KELLETT & COLLINS, 2009).

MORE SPECIFICALLY, INTERVIEWEES REPORTED ON HOW THE DECORATION AND CONTROL OF THE LIGHTING AND TEMPERATURE ATTRIBUTED TO A MORE HOMELY ENVIRONMENT. PARTICULAR THOUGHT WAS GIVEN TO THE CHILDREN’S WARDS, WHERE THEIR ARTWORK WAS USED TO DECORATE THE AREA, THEREBY CREATING A RELAXING ENVIRONMENT REMINISCENT OF THE DÉCOR USED IN NURSERIES AND SCHOOLS. HERE THE DECORATION DRAWS ON “DESIGN LANGUAGES WHICH ARE IMMEDIATELY RECOGNISABLE AS ‘FOR CHILDREN’”, THEREBY CREATING HOMELINESS THROUGH FAMILIARITY AND BY DISTRACTING THEM FROM THE REALITY OF BEING IN HOSPITAL WHICH IS DIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN AND ILLNESS (KELLETT & COLLINS, 2009). A COMMON OBSERVATION THROUGH KELLETT & COLLINS (2009) INVESTIGATION WAS THE IDEA THAT ‘HOSPITAL’ COULD BECOME ‘HOME’ ALMOST ENTIRELY THROUGH DESIGN.

HOME AS CONNECTEDNESS THIS MAY BE CONNECTEDNESS WITH PEOPLE, CONNECTEDNESS WITH THE PLACE, CONNECTEDNESS WITH THE PAST, CONNECTEDNESS WITH THE FUTURE ALL OF WHICH ENCOMPASS A SERIES OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THEIR WORLD (DOVEY, 1985) (SEE FIGURE 2). ALTHOUGH A HOUSE IS AN OBJECT, A PART OF THE ENVIRONMENT, HOME IS BEST CONCEIVED OF AS A KIND OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT (DOVEY, 1985). FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THIS CAN BE FOUND IN KELLETT & COLLINS (2009) WHERE THE DOMESTICATION OF A HOSPITAL HIGHLIGHTS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE WORKPLACE AS A ‘SECOND HOME’ AND COLLEAGUES AS ‘EXTENDED FAMILY’ BOTH, WHICH ARE HOME-LIKE QUALITIES. IF “HOME IS BEST CONCEIVED OF AS A KIND OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT” WHICH RESULTS IN “AN EMOTIONALLY BASED AND MEANINGFUL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DWELLERS AND THEIR DWELLING PLACES” (DOVEY, 1985), CAN IT ALSO BE PLAUSIBLE THAT “ALL REALLY INHABITED SPACE BEAR THE ESSENCE OF THE NOTION OF HOME”?

FIGURE 2. DIAGRAM FROM HOME AND HOMELESSNESS, DOVEY, 1985.

KELLETT & COLLINS (2009) CONCLUDE THAT THERE IS NO HOMOGENEITY IN PEOPLE’S PERCEPTIONS OF HOSPITAL SPACE AND RESPONSES VARIED CONSIDERABLY THROUGHOUT THEIR STUDY. THIS MAY BE DUE TO A “PREDISPOSITION” TO CONCEIVE THE NEW HOSPITAL AS ‘HOME’ AND THE EXTENT TO WHICH RELATIONSHIPS INVOLVED WITH THE HOSPITAL HAVE EVOLVED AND DEVELOPED (DOVEY, 1985). I WOULD AGREE WITH TUAN (1991) IN THAT “CREATING SPACE AND PLACE, AT WHATEVER SCALE, ALL HUMAN BEINGS ARE ENDEAVORING TO GENERATE A CERTAIN HOMELINESS” AND ‘HOME’ IS OFTEN USED AS THE ULTIMATE BENCHMARK IN ASSESSING A NEW SPACE. A SPACE DOES NOT AUTOMATICALLY BECOME ‘HOME’ BUT MAY EVOLVE INTO ‘HOME’. IN LOOKING AT THE DOMESTICATION OF A HOSPITAL IT HAS BEEN POSSIBLE SAY WITH CONFIDENCE THAT ‘HOME’ CAN EXIST BEYOND THE DOMESTIC SPHERE. “IT WOULD SEEM CLEAR THAT FOR PATIENTS ‘HOME’ SHOULD PROVIDE THE MODEL ON WHICH HOSPITALS ARE BASED” (KELLETT & COLLINS, 2009).RETURNING TO BACHELARD’S QUOTATION, I CONCLUDE, “ALL REALLY INHABITED SPACE BEARS THE ESSENCE OF THE NOTION OF HOME”. ALTHOUGH, I MUST STRESS THE NOTION OF ‘HOME’ IS STRONGLY ENTWINED IN THE KEY WORDS “REALLY INHABITED” FOR IF A PLACE IS “REALLY INHABITED” THERE MUST BE SOME FAMILIARITY OF PAST AND A ROUTINE OF EXPERIENCE, CONTINUITY AND BEHAVIOUR WILL HAVE BEEN FORMED PROVIDING A SENSE OF IDENTITY AND PROVIDING HOME-LIKE QUALITIES (DOVEY, 1985) (SEE FIGURES 2 & 3). HOWEVER, IT HAS BEEN SAID THAT THESE QUALITIES OF HOME, BEING INTANGIBLE, ARE OFTEN ONLY IDENTIFIABLE WHEN THEY ARE LOST (DOVEY, 1985). AS ‘HOME’ HAS AN INTUITIVELY POSITIVE CONNOTATION, IT IS NO WONDER THAT PUBLIC BODIES LIKE THE HOSPITAL TRUST, STRIVE TO “REPLICATE, INVENT, PACKAGE, AND SELL THE IMAGES OF HOME FOR AN INCREASINGLY NOSTALGIC PUBLIC” (DEKKERS, 2009). BOTH DOVEY (1985) AND KELLETT & COLLINS (2009) DRAW ATTENTION TO THE NAIVETY OF SOME ARCHITECTS, PLANNERS, DESIGNERS AND MANAGERS WHICH ASSUME THAT THEY CAN PREDICT THE WAY IN WHICH NON-DOMESTIC SPACE WILL BE INTERPRETED BY USERS RATHER THAN ACCEPT THE DIVERSITY OF RESPONSES AND RECOGNISE THE VALUE OF ‘HOME’ AS A BENCHMARK (KELLETT & COLLINS, 2009). DOVEY (1985) SUGGESTS THAT IT IS THE HIGHLY PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP THAT DEVELOPS BETWEEN THE ARCHITECT AND A BUILDING, TOGETHER WITH THE ASSUMPTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL SUPERIORITY THAT INHIBITS THE EMERGENCE OF A SENSE OF HOME. THE DESIRE FOR DESIGNERS TO HAVE BUILDINGS “FREE FROM CONTAMINATION” PORTRAYS A VERY STATIC, DETACHED EXPERIENCE THAT IS THE FOUNDATION FOR PROFESSIONAL KUDOS RATHER THAN THE DYNAMIC EXPERIENCE OF HOME WHICH IS ACTION-BASED (DOVEY, 1985).

FIGURE 3. THE DIALECTICS OF HOME, DOVEY, 1985.

REFERENCES BACHELARD, G. 1994. THE POETICS OF SPACE. BOSTON: BEACON PRESS. BERMANN, K. 2003. LOVE AND SPACE IN THE NURSING HOME. THEORETICAL MEDICINE. 24:511–523.

COOPER MARCUS, C. 1995. HOUSE AS A MIRROR OF SELF: EXPLORING THE DEEPER MEANING OF HOME. BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA: CONARI PRESS. DEKKERS, W. 2009. ON THE NOTION OF HOME AND THE GOALS OF PALLIATIVE CARE. THEORETICAL MEDICINE & BIOETHICS. 30(5):335–349.

DEKKERS, W. 2011. DWELLING, HOUSE AND HOME: TOWARDS A HOME-LED PERSPECTIVE ON DEMENTIA CARE. MED HEALTH CARE PHILOS. 291–300.

DOVEY, K. 1985. HOME ENVIRONMENTS. NEW YORK: PLENUM PRESS. FRAIM, J. 2012. WWW.SYMBOLISM.ORG. KELLETT, P AND COLLINS, P. 2009. AT HOME IN HOSPITAL? COMPETING CONSTRUCTIONS OF HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTS. IJAR ARCHNET: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH: 3 (1): 101-115.

MOORE, J. 2000. PLACING HOME IN CONTEXT. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 20: 207–217.

RAPOPORT, A. 1969. HOUSE FORM AND CULTURE (FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY SERIES). ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS, N.J.: PRENTICE HALL. SACK, D. 1992. PLACE, MODERNITY, AND THE CONSUMER’S WORLD: A RELATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS. TUAN, Y. 1991. A VIEW OF GEOGRAPHY. GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW: 81(1): 99-107 FIGURE 1: QUOTES FROM JANE AUSTEN, GASTON BACHELARD, LE CORBUSIER, ALL FROM BRAINYQUOTES.COM. ACCESSED JANUARY 2013. PORTRAITS DRAWN BY JODI HAMPTON, 2013, ADAPTED FROM THEINDERPENDANT.CO.UK, PINTREST.COM AND GQMAGAZINE.CO.UK. ALL ACCESSED JANUARY 2013.

FIGURE 2: HOME AND HOMELESSNESS DIAGRAM, ADAPTED FROM DOVEY, K. 1985. HOME ENVIRONMENTS. NEW YORK: PLENUM PRESS. FIGURE 3: THE DIALECTICS OF HOME DIAGRAM. DOVEY, K. 1985. HOME ENVIRONMENTS. NEW YORK: PLENUM PRESS.

27

5.2 environmental design: sap analysis WHEN I INITIALLY CALCULATED THE STANDARD ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE (SAP) OF MY DWELLING, THE DWELLING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION RATE (DER) OVER THE TARGET CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION RATE (TER) IMPROVEMENT CAME OUT AS -8%. THIS RESULT WAS BELOW WHAT WAS EXPECTED, BOTH ENVIRONMENTALLY AND ECONOMICALLY. THEREFORE, I HAVE MADE SEVERAL MODIFICATIONS THAT HAS INCREASED THE IMPROVEMENT TO 149%, ATTAINING 14 CREDITS. THESE MODIFICATIONS CAN ARE SEGREGATED INTO U VALUES, GLAZING DATA AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES, IN THIS REPORT I WILL ELABORATE ON EACH OF THESE.

U VALUE CALCULATIONS GROUND BEARING FLOOR - FIGURE 1

THICKNESS (M)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES (W/MK)

THICKNESS (M) / THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (W/MK) = R VALUE

IN SITU CONCRETE - 0.065

IN SITU CONCRETE1 - 0.1

0.065 / 0.1

= 0.65

0.1 / 0.02

=5

1 / R1+R2+R3...+RN = U VALUE (W/M2K)

RIGID PIR INSULATION - 0.1

RIGID PIR INSULATION2 - 0.02

0.05 / 0.15

= 0.33

0.2 / 0.1

=2

1 / 0.65+5+0.33... = 0.125 W/M2K

SAND BINDING - 0.05

SAND BINDING3 - 0.15

CLAY BRICK HARDCORE - 0.2

CLAY BRICK HARDCORE4 - 0.1

CLAY BRICK - 0.1

CLAY BRICK4 - 0.36

0.1 / 0.35

= 0.28

0.11 / 0.02 = 5.5

RIGID PIR INSULATION - 0.11

RIGID PIR INSULATION2 - 0.02

0.1 / 0.1

= 0.16

0.02 / 0.12 = 0.17

AIRCRETE BLOCKWORK - 0.1

AIRCRETE BLOCKWORK5 - 0.1

0.01 / 0.023 = 0.43

EXTERNAL WALL - FIGURE 2

1 / R1+R2+R3...+RN = U VALUE (W/M2K) 1 / 0.28+5.5+0.16... = 0.153 W/M2K

6

TIMBER BATTEN - 0.02

TIMBER BATTEN - 0.12

PLASTERBOARD - 0.01

PLASTERBOARD7 (KINGSPAN) -

INSTALLING RIGID POLYURETHANE (PIR) INSULATION ENABLED A REDUCTION OF 50% OF THE FLOORS U VALUE, FROM 0.25 TO 0.125 W/M2K (SEE FIGURE 1) & A REDUCTION OF 56% OF THE WALLS U VLAUE FROM 0.35 TO 0.153 W/M2K (SEE FIGURE 2). ACHIEVING THESE U VALUES WAS PARTIALLY DUE TO THE LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF THE PIR AND CAREFUL DETAILING OF MY FLOOR AND WALL CONSTRUCTION. AS MY FLAT IS POSITIONED ON THE GROUND FLOOR I DO NOT NEED TO CALCULATE A U VALUE FOR THE ROOF. ONE DETAIL OF THE FLOOR, IS THE INSULATION POSITIONING, I HAVE PLACED IT BELOW THE CONCRETE SLAB. THIS WILL PROVIDE THERMAL MASS, WHICH IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN SOUTHWARD FACING ROOMS AS IT HELPS MAINTAIN STEADY TEMPERATURES. IN MY DESIGN AT THE MOMENT THERE IS A POSSIBLE THERMAL BRIDGE AT THE EDGE OF THE SLAB. I HAVE OVERCOME THIS BY PROVIDING VERTICAL INSULATION BETWEEN THE WALLS INNER LEAF AND SLAB. OTHER BENEFICIAL FACTORS OF THIS MATERIAL INCLUDE ITS WATER IMPERMIABILITY AND RESISTANCE TO ROT AND VERMIN. PIR IS ALSO FULLY REUSABLE IF IN GOOD CONDITION AND THEREFORE BETTER ENVIRONMENTALLY.

GLAZING AND DAYLIGHT STRATEGY ‘‘DAYLIGHTING IS THE CONTROLLED ADMISSION OF NATURAL LIGHT - DIRECT SUNLIGHT AND DIFFUSE SKYLIGHT - INTO A BUILDING TO REDUCE ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND SAVING ENERGY. BY PROVIDING A DIRECT LINK TO THE DYNAMIC AND PERPETUALLY EVOLVING PATTERNS OF OUTDOOR ILLUMINATION, DAYLIGHTING North

North

East

East

South

South

West

West

HELPS CREATE A VISUALLY STIMULATING AND PRODUCTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR BUILDING OCCUPANTS, WHILE REDUCING AS MUCH AS ONE-THIRD OF TOTAL BUILDING ENERGY COSTS’’

THE MAJORITY OF MY SOLAR GAINS ARE ORIENTATED TOWARDS THE NORTH (38%) AND SOUTH (24%), WITH THE BULK OF USEFUL SOLAR GAINS COMING FROM THE SOUTH. SOUTHERLY GAINS ARE THE MOST USEFUL TO ME AS THEY PENETRATE THE FLOOR WHERE THE CONCRETE WILL ABSORB AND STORE THESE GAINS; THE FLOOR WILL BE ACTING AS A THERMAL MASS. IT WILL THEREFORE ONLY BE RELEASING THE BUILT UP HEAT IN THE EVENING WHEN THE TEMPERATURE DROPS, WHICH IS WHEN I EXPECT THE TUTORS FLAT TO BE OCCUPIED. I HAVE HOWEVER ADDED GLAZING ON ALL OTHER WALLS (SEE FIGURE 3) TO ENSURE LIGHT PENETRATES INTO THE BACK OF THE ROOMS, THIS REDUCES THE NEED FOR ELECTRICAL LIGHTING.

23% 38% 23% 38% 24% 14%

IF YOU REFER TO FIGURE 4, YOU WILL SEE THAT THE LUX LEVELS IN THE KITCHEN AND LIVING/DINING AREA, ARE AT ACCEPTABLE LEVELS, MAINLY TOWARDS THE WEST OF THE ROOM, AT 100-200 LUX. HOWEVER AT THE EAST OF THE ROOM THE LUX LEVELS ARE MUCH GREATER, THIS CALCULATION INDICATES CERTAIN AREAS ARE OVER GLAZED. THE IMAGE SHOWS THAT THE WORK SURFACES IN THE KITCHEN ARE WELL LIT WHEREAS THE LIVING AREA AT THE WEST OF THE ROOM HAS LOWER LEVELS OF LIGHT, SO GLARE ISN’T A PROBLEM.

24% 14%

PERCENTAGE OF LIGHT ORIENTATION - FIGURE 3

BY USING WOODEN FRAMED TRIPLE GLAZED WINDOWS, CAVITY FILLED WITH ARGON GAS AND INSULATED, IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE WINDOWS WITH A U VALUE OF 0.7 W/M2K, WHICH MEETS AECB GOLD STANDARD. TWO OF THE THREE PANES OF GLASS INSIDE THE WINDOW HAVE A LOW EMISIVITY COATING APPLIED TO THEM IN ORDER TO REFLECT INFRA RED ENERGY, THUS LESS HEAT ENERGY IS LOST. TRIPLES GLAZING REDUCES HEAT RADIATION BETWEEN GLASS AND ROOM BY 80%. THE HEAT LOSS IN MY BUILDING WHEN USING THESE WINDOWS IS 17.02 W/K AS OPPOSED TO 46.29 W/K IF I WERE TO USE WINDOWS WITH A U VALUE OF 2.

MAKING THEM 2.7 TIMES MORE EFFICIENT. DIALUX: KICTCHEN & LIVING AREA - FIGURE 4

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY LOW EMISIVITY COATING ARGON GAS INSULATED SPACER INSULATED FRAME

WHEN I INITIALLY CALCULATED MY SAP MY SPACE HEATING REQUIREMENT WAS 5924.02 KWHR/YEAR. BY ADDING A GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP, POWERED BY PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV’S) CELLS THAT RUN AT 200% EFFICIENCY, THIS NUMBER WAS REDUCED TO 1753.65 KWHR/YEAR, CONCLUDING A 70% IMPROVEMENT PERCENTAGE. THEY CAN ALSO BE USED TO HEAT WATER, ALTHOUGH THIS IS LESS EFFICIENT IN COMPARISION TO SPACE HEATING AS IT NEEDS AN ANCILLARY ELECTRIC COIL POWERED BY PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS. I HAVE HOWEVER, EMPLOYED A SMALL ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY, TO INSULATE MY HOT WATER TANK WITH 90MM OF INSULATION, INSTEAD OF 35MM, WHICH SHOULD IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY. THE FACT THAT THE WATER IS HEATED WITHOUT USING FOSSIL FUELS REDUCES MY CO2 EMISSIONS DRASTICALLY. THIS IS EVEN MORE

EVIDENT FOR SPACE HEATING WHERE IT STANDS AT 0 EMISSIONS. MY DWELLING CO2 EMISSION RATE WAS 28.37 KG CO2/M2, HOWEVER WITH THE MODIFICATIONS I HAVE MADE THE FIGURE HAS DECREASED BY 64%, TO 10.5 KG CO2/M2.

DIAGRAM OF TRIPLE GLAZING - FIGURE 5 GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS USE PIPES THAT ARE BURIED IN THE EARTH TO EXTRACT SOLAR ENERGY FROM THE GROUND.THEY CAN BE USED TO HEAT RADIATORS; UNDERFLOOR OR WARM AIR HEATING SYSTEMS AND HOT WATER. THEY WORK BY PUMPING A MIXTURE OF WATER AND ANTIFREEZE AROUND A GROUND LOOP, WHERE HEAT FROM THE GROUND IS ABSORBED INTO THE FLUID, AND THEN PASSES THROUGH A HEAT EXCHANGER INTO THE HEAT PUMP (SEE FIGURE 6). THE GROUND STAYS AT A FAIRLY CONSTANT TEMPERATURE, SO THE HEAT PUMP CAN BE USED THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, EVEN DURING THE WINTER, WHERE IT MAIN-

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS - FIGURE 7

TAINS A TEMPERATURE OF AROUND 15°C. MY TOTAL ENERGY COST OF MY FOYER WHEN RAN ON A CONDENSING BOILER WITH AUTOMATIC IGNITION WAS £343.45, NOW, THAT FIGURE HAS DECREASED BY 44% TO, £192.08. I DID CONSIDER A WOOD FUEL BOILER, AS THE FOYER CONTAINS A WOOD WORKSHOP, BUT AFTER RESEARCH IT WAS SHOWN THAT THIS APPROACH WASN’T AS EFFICIENT AS A GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP. MY WORKSHOP BUILDING IN THE FOYER HAS A 84M2 FLAT ROOF, WHICH CAN BE USED PRODUCTIVELY TO POSITION SOLAR PANELPHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS (SEE FIGURE 7). PV’S HAVE A TRIPLE JUNCTION THIN FILM AND CRYSTALLINE CELL WHICH MAKES THEM EFFICIENT, PRODUCING 90-110WH/YEAR PER 1M2. THE ENERGY PRODUCED BY THESE CAN BE USED TO POWER MY GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP, INCLUDING 30M2 PLUS OF THESE ON MY ROOF WILL SUFFICE. THE ORIENTATION OF THE CELLS ARE CRUCIAL, AS ANY SHADOWING WILL LEAD TO THE CELLS BECOMING A PASSIVE COMPONENT WHICH WILL DRAW FROM ITS NEIGHBORS AND HEAT UP, CONSEQUENTLY LEADING TO HOT SPOTS AND POSSIBLE FAILURE. MODERN MODULES NOW HAVE A BYPASS DIODE TO MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY TO HOT SPOT DAMAGE. HOWEVER, THESE BYPASS DIODES ARE TOO EXPENSIVE TO PLACE ON EVERY CELLS, SO THEY ARE INSTALLED ACROSS A GROUP OF THEM. IF SHADING WAS UNAVOIDABLE IT IS BEST TO GO FOR MULTI CRYSTALLINE THICK FILM PV’S. POSITIONING THE PV’S GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP - FIGURE 6

30° SOUTH WILL GIVE ME A 90% ANNUAL OUTPUT. IF THESE WERE PLACED AT AN OPTIMUM INCLINE OF 20° A HIGHER EFFICIENCY OF 96% CAN BE ACHIEVED. THIS APPROACH WILL GENERATE ENOUGH ENERGY FOR MY FOYER AND HOPEFULLY EXCESS TO PUT BACK INTO THE NATIONAL GRID, MAKING THIS A RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTE TO MY DESIGN. REFERENCES (ALL WEB PAGES ASSESSED, JANUARY 2013) 1.HTTP://WWW.ENGINEERINGTOOLBOX.COM/THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY-D_429.HTML 2.HTTP://WWW.GREENSPEC.CO.UK/INSULATION-OIL-DERIVED.PHP#URETHANE 3.HTTP://WWW.ENGINEERINGTOOLBOX.COM/THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY-D_429.HTML 4. HTTP://WWW.ENGINEERINGTOOLBOX.COM/THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY-D_429.HTML 5. HTTP://WWW.GREENSPEC.CO.UK/BLOCKS.PHP 6. HTTP://WWW.GREENSPEC.CO.UK/BRICKS.PHP

7. HTTP://WWW.KINGSPANINSULATION.CO.UK/PRODUCTS/KOOLTHERM-K18-INSULATED-PLASTERBOARD HTTP://WWW.GREENSPEC.CO.UK/GROUND-FLOOR-INSULATION.PHP HTTP://WWW.PASSIVHAUSTAGUNG.DE/PASSIVE_HOUSE_E/WINDOW _U.HTM MARSHALL, D & WORTHING, D, 2006. THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES, 4TH EDITION. BELL + BAIN LTD, GLASGOW. HTTP://SUREGLAZE.CO.UK/TRIPLE-GLAZED-WINDOWS/ HTTP://WWW.WBDG.ORG/RESOURCES/DAYLIGHTING.PHP HTTP://WWW.DEKA-BIELEFELD.DE/SPECIAL/HEAT-INSULATION-ENERGY-SAVING/ALUMINIUM-WINDOWS.HTML HTTP://WWW.GSHP.ORG.UK - GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP

HTTP://WWW.ENERGYSAVINGTRUST.ORG.UK/GENERATING-ENERGY/GROUND-SOURCE-HEAT-PUMPS HTTP://WWW.DECC.GOV.UK/EN/CONTENT/CMS/MEETING_ENERGY/MICROGEN/GSHPS/GSHPS.ASPX HTTP://WWW.COOKESRENEWABLES.CO.UK/IMAGES/GROUNDSOURCE.JPG HTTP://SCIENCE.NASA.GOV/SCIENCE-NEWS/SCIENCE-AT-NASA/2002/SOLARCELLS/ HTTP://FFDEN-2.PHYS.UAF.EDU/103_FALL2003.WEB.DIR/JULIE_CROW/SOLAR%20PANELS.HTM HTTP://PVEDUCATION.ORG/PVCDROM/MODULES/BYPASS-DIODES SZOKOLAY, V, S, 2008. INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE, THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN, 2ND EDITION. ROUTLEDGE, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, LONDON AND NEW YORK.

29

5.3 technology simplicity, economy, home site a

PRIMARY STRUCTURE STEEL FRAME

‘THE COMPLETED COMBINATION OF ELEMENTS WHICH SERVE TO SUPPORT THE BUILDING SELF WEIGHT, THE APPLICABLE LIVE LOADS, WHICH ARE BASED ON THE OCCUPANCY AND USE OF THE SPACES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS, SUCH AS WIND, SEISMIC AND THERMAL’’ A LIGHT STEEL FRAME CAN ALLOW FOR LARGE SPANS AND OPENINGS FOR GLAZING. STEEL ELEMENTS SPACED FROM 2 TO 4M APART PRODUCE GREAT STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND WORK AS A STRONG CONNECTION BETWEEN MASONRY STRUCTURES.

SECONDARY STRUCTURE MASONRY WALLS

MASONRY IS A DURABLE MATERIAL WITH A HIGH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, SO IT’S TYPICALLY USED IN WALLS (AS ITS IN PURE COMPRESSION). OTHER BENEFITS OF MASONRY; - ITS OBVIOUS APPEARANCE: DIFFERENT COLOUR AND SHAPES, WHICH CAN BE USED IN A DECORATIVE MANNER .

- SUSTAINABLE: LOCALLY QUARRIED RESULTING IN LESS MONEY USED ON TRANSPORTATION COSTS. - ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES: THE SITE IS LOCATED IN A BUSY ENVIRONMENT, SO THE MASONRY CAN ACT AS SOUND INSULATION. - LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: MASONRY WILL ACT AS A THERMAL STORE TO KEEP THE HEAT IN. - OTHERS: FIRE RESISTANCE, FROST RESISTANCE ETC.

SECONDARY STRUCTURE I HAVE ADDED MORE STEEL BEAMS TO TAKE MY INTERMEDIATE FLOORS, AND NON-STRUCTURAL MASONRY ELEMENTS. TIMBER JOISTS WILL BE USED FOR MY INTERMEDIATE FLOORS, IN CONJUNCTION WITH A STEEL FRAME TIMBER FLOORS ARE NOT TYPICALLY USED (USUALLY PRECAST OR CAST IN SITU CONCRETE), BUT I FELT IT WOULD BE A BETTER ENVIRONMENTAL CHOICE (AS IT WAS GREEN GUIDE RATED A+). OTHER BENEFITS OF USING TIMBER ARE THAT IT’S SUSTAINABLE, AND IT’S A NATURAL HEAT AND SOUND INSULATION. ALL MY WALLS HAVE BEEN FITTED WITH INSULATION, ALONG WITH FITTINGS READY FOR THE INSTALLATION OF MY GLAZING.

TERTIARY STRUCTURE ALL WINDOWS ARE TRIPLE GLAZED TO MINIMISE HEAT LOSS AND GLARE. ANOTHER WAY I HAVE REDUCED GLARE IS TO EXTRUDE MY ROOF STRUCTURES TO PROVIDE SHADE, LIMITING GLARE IN 3 BUILDINGS. THE FINAL FINISH TO MY BUILDINGS WILL BE EXPOSED BRICK APPEARANCE AND AN INTERNAL STEEL FRAME.

31

2 - FULLY FILLED MASONRY CAVITY WALL GREEN GUIDE RATED A+ U VALUE - 0.153 W/M2K

CLAY BRICKWORK OUTER LEAF PIR INSULATION AIRECRETE AIRCRETE BLOCKWORK INNER LEAF TIMBER BATTEN PLASTERBOARD PAINT

1:20 EXTERNAL WALL DETAIL FLAT ROOF

WITH THERMALLY INSULATING WALL TIES CONCAVED MORTAR JOINTS, HIGH RESISTANCE TO MOISTURE PENETRATION.

INTERMEDIATE FLOOR GROUND FLOOR & FOUNDATION

1:20 EXTERNAL WALL DETAIL 1:10 EXTERNAL WALL

1 - FLAT ROOF: WARM DECK GREEN GUIDE RATED A+

PVC SINGLE PLY WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE PIR INSULATION VAPOUR CONTROL LAYER PLYWOOD DECKING TIMBER JOISTS PLASTERBOARD CEILING

THE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE IS EASILY ACCESSIBLE FOR INSPECTION. INSULATION IS LAID BETWEEN THE ROOF DECK AND WEATHERPROOF MEMBRANE; THIS LIMITS EXCESSIVE THERMAL MOVEMENT. VAPOUR CONTROL LAYER IS INCORPORATED TO MINIMIZE MOISTURE MOVEMENT. AIR SPACES FOR VENTILATION AND SERVICES.

1:10 FLAT ROOF 1:5 WALL TO ROOF JUNCTION

33

4 - Timber Intermediate Floor Green Guide Rated A+ Chipboard Decking PIR Insulation Timber Joists Joist Hangers Plasterboard Ceiling

TIMBER FLOOR, AS IT IS READILY AVAILABLE, CHEAP AND EASY TO CUT/SHAPE. USING PLASTERBOARD BELOW THE TIMBER JOISTS PROVIDES ADEQUATE FIRE PROTECTION.

1:10 INTERMEDIATE FLOOR 1:5 WALL TO FLOOR JUNCTION

3 - GROUND BEARING FLOOR GREEN GUIDE RATED B U VALUE - 0.125 W/M2K IN SITU CONCRETE SLIP LAYER DAMP PROOF COURSE IS A MINIMUM OF 150MM FROM THE GROUND. DPM PROVIDES CONTINUITY WITH THE DPC IN THE EXTERNAL WALL.

RIGID PIR INSULATION DAMP PROOF MEMBRANE (DMP) SAND BINDING HARDCORE

INSULATION IS POSITIONED BELOW THE GROUND TO PREVENT COLD BRIDGING. SAND BINDING IS USED TO PROVIDE SURFACE LEVELING FOR THE DPM. SLOPED CONCRETE TO PREVENT ANY WATER BUILD UP.

1:10 GROUND FLOOR & FOUNDATION 1:5 WALL TO GROUND FLOOR DETAIL

35

WINDOW HEAD

5 - TRIPLE GLAZING GREEN GUIDE RATED A+ U VALUE - 0.7 W/M2K

INSULATED FRAME INSULATED SPACER ARGON FILLED CAVITY 3 PANES OF GLASS

LOW EMMISIVITY COATING: WINDOWS MADE WITH LOW-E COATINGS TYPICALLY COST 10% - 15% MORE THAN REGULAR WINDOWS, BUT THEY REDUCE ENERGY LOSS BY AS MUCH AS 50%.

SLOPED SILL TO PREVENT WATER PENETRATION

WINDOW SILL

1:8 WINDOW DETAIL 1:2 WINDOW HEAD & SILL DETAIL

TECHTONIC INTENT I HAVE TRIED TO ACHIEVE A CONTINUITY OF A+ RATINGS THROUGHOUT MY STRUCTURE, BY USING A MIX OF MASONRY, TIMBER, CONCRETE AND TRIPLE GLAZING. MY FOYER IS TYPICALLY MADE FROM MASONRY. I SELECTED MASONRY, AS IT WOULD BE INKEEPING AND RESPECTFUL TO THE URBAN RICHNESS OF ITS SURROUNDINGS. MASONRY CAN ALSO HAVE A PROMINENT FAMILIARITY AND DOMESTIC FEELING, WHICH WILL MAKE THE FOYER A PLEASANT EXPERIENCE FOR THE STUDENTS. THE INSTALLATION OF LARGE GLAZED AREAS HAS ALLOWED ME TO CREATE VISUAL AND LIGHT CONNECTIONS THROUGH THE STRUCTURE. I ALSO SUBTRACTED UNNECESSARY AREAS, AND USED THESE EMPTY SPACES AS COURTYARDS. THIS ALLOWED FOR DEEP SOLAR PENETRATION INTO THE FOYERS AWKWARD CORNERS. THIS HELPS CREATE AND DIFFERENTIATE THE TWO THRESHOLDS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ENTRANCES. ‘’DESIGN FOR ORIENTATION IS A FUNDAMENTAL STEP TO ENSURE THAT BUILDINGS WORK WITH THE PASSAGE OF THE SUN ACROSS THE SKY’’ THE ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING IS SUCH THAT THE CENTRAL CONNECTING ATRIUM IS LIT THROUGHOUT THE DAY DUE TO HEAVY GLAZING; THIS LIGHT IS THEN FED THROUGH TO THE TWO CONNECTING BUILDINGS (WORKSHOP AND ACCOMMODATION). I HAVE PUT THE STUDENTS BEDROOMS FACING THE NORTH, THIS IS TO AVOID LIGHT DISTURBANCE IN THE MORNING. ALTHOUGH, ORIENTATING THEM TOWARDS THE NORTH IS EXPOSING THEM TO THE FRONT ROADS NOISE POLLUTION, BUT I HAVE REDUCED THIS BY PUSHED THE ACCOMMODATION TO THE BACK OF THE SITE, USING THE WORKSHOP AND ATRIUM AS A BUFFER. THE WORKSHOP IS TOO, ORIENTATED TOWARDS THE NORTH, ORIENTATING THE MOST POPULATED BUILDINGS TOWARDS THE NORTH (AND SOUTH) TO MAXIMIZE DAYLIGHT AND NATURAL VENTILATION BENEFITS. BY HARVESTING DAYLIGHT IN THIS WAY I HAVE REDUCED THE NEED FOR ELECTRICAL LIGHTING (WHICH IS EVIDENT IN MY SAP REPORT). WHILE, REDUCING EXCESSIVE SOLAR GAIN AND GLARE. O

O

TO REDUCE GLARE I HAVE EXTRUDED MY ROOF STRUCTURES TO PROVIDE SHADE, LIMITING GLARE IN ALL 3 BUILDINGS. MY ROOF WILL ALSO BE USED TO HARVEST PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS (PV). POSITIONING THE PV’S 30 WILL GIVE A 90% ANNUAL OUTPUT. BY PLACING THEM AT AN OPTIMUM INCLINE OF 20 A HIGHER EFFICIENCY OF 96% CAN BE ACHIEVED. THESE PV’S WILL PROVIDE USEFUL ENERGY FOR MY FOYER (ALONG WITH MY GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP), AND EVEN FOR THE LOCAL COMMUNITY, AS ANY EXCESS CAN BE SOLD BACK TO THE NATIONAL GRID.

REFRENCES: PENCE, E, W. (2007) STRUCTURE [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://WWW.STRUCTUREMAG.ORG/ARTICLE.ASPX?ARTICLEID=321 [ASSESSED JANUARY 10TH 2013] BRENNAN,J. RIBA: SUSTAINABILITY HUB [ONLINE]. AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://WWW.ARCHITECTURE.COM/SUSTAINABILITYHUB/DESIGNSTRATEGIES/EARTH/1-1-3-2-BUILDINGORIENTATION.ASPX [ASSESSED JANUARY 12TH 2013] UNKNOWN (2012) ENERGY.GOV [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://ENERGY.GOV/ENERGYSAVER/ARTICLES/WINDOW-TYPES [ASSESSED JANUARY 22ND 2013]

37

5.4 ACCESS FOR ALL AND MEANS OF ESCAPE

ACCESS FOR ALL

MEANS OF ESCAPE Type of Accommodation

Area/m2

Floor Space Factor m/2 per person

Capacity

ACCESS TO THE SITE: THE CIVIC CENTRE SITE HAS TWO DESIGNATED CAR PARKING SPACES ON THE GROUND FLOOR LEVEL FOR VISITORS WITH DISABILITIES, THESE ARE SITUATED AS

Ground Floor

CLOSE AS FEASIBLY POSSIBLE TO THE PRINCIPLE ENTRANCE. ACCESS TO THE BUILDING VIA THE MAIN ENTRANCE FROM THESE BAYS IS ALONG WALKWAYS WITH A GRADIENT OF NO

Reception

25

1

25

MORE THAN 1:15. THE PARKING SPACES ARE WIDE BAYS WITH WIDE MARKED ACCESS ZONES BETWEEN SPACES AND A 1200MM WIDE SAFETY ZONE FOR BOOT ACCESS, THUS MEETING

Retail Shop

10

2

5

THE CRITERIA SET IN PART M 1.18. ADDITIONAL PARKING PROVISION CAN BE FOUND ALONG THE SIDE OF THE ACCESS ROAD TO THE SITE OR WITHIN WALKING DISTANCE, ALONG WITH

Wet Store

26

1

26

BUS AND CYCLE ROUTES (NATIONAL CYCLE ROUTE 1). THE MAIN ACCESS ROAD IS AN IMPORTANT ROUTE FOR ALL USERS AND FOR EMERGENCY SERVICES.

Classroom

38

1

38

Crèche

40

1

40

Workshop

60

5

12

Boiler Room

10

1

10

Cleaners Room

10

30

0.333333333

ACCESS TO THE ENTRANCE: CLEAR SIGNPOSTING USING PICTOGRAPHIC SIGNS AND SYMBOLS WILL BE USED TO GUIDE PEOPLE AROUND THE BUILDING, MEETING THE CRITERIA OF PART M, 2.5. ALL SIGNS WILL HAVE A NON-REFLECTIVE SURFACE AND A MINIMUM TEXT HEIGHT OF 85MM; THESE ARE ALSO AVAILABLE IN BRAILLE. ALL ENTRANCES ALLOW FOR ACCESS

BY WHEELCHAIR VIA LOW GRADIENT RAMPS AND AUTOMATIC OPENING DOORS. THE MAIN ENTRANCE IS LOCATED TO THE SOUTHWEST CORNER AND IS DENOTED BY A CORDUROY HAZARD WARNING SURFACE, GIVING A CAUTION DISTANCE OF 800MM, ASSISTING THOSE WITH IMPAIRED VISION. A SEPARATE WORKSHOP ENTRANCE WILL USE THE SAME HAZARD WARNING SYSTEM. THE ENTRANCES WILL HOUSE A SET OF MOTION SENSOR DOORS THAT COMPLY WITH THE CRITERIA IN PART M 2.18. SAFETY OVERRIDE FEATURES ALLOW THE DOORS TO BE MANUALLY OPENED IN AN EMERGENCY. NON-SLIP SURFACES REDUCE THE RISK OF SLIPPAGE IN ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS AND STRONG TACTILE DIFFERENCES (SUCH AS BLISTER PAVING) WILL INDICATE HAZARDOUS AREAS. GUARDING IS USED ON BOTH ENTRANCES TO PREVENT PEDESTRIANS WALKING INTO THE DOOR SWINGS ON OPENING; THIS IS ILLUSTRATED BELOW ON THE FLOOR PLANS. ACCESS IN THE BUILDING: INSIDE THE CENTRE, ALL FLOORS ARE LEVEL AND DOOR OPENINGS ARE 950MM, OFFERING UNOBSTRUCTED ACCESS FOR THE DISABLED AND WHEELCHAIR USERS. ALL DOORS ACROSS CIRCULATION ROUTES WILL HAVE A CLEAR GLAZED PANEL BETWEEN 1500MM AND 500MM ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL ALLOWING A ZONE OF VISIBILITY. ALL

Total

156.3333333

Escape Width

781.6666667

First Floor M Changing Facilities

31

1

31

F Changing Facilities

34

1

34

Drying Room

10

1

10

First Aid

5

1

5

Café

90

1

90

Library

174

7

24.85714286

INTERNAL DOORS INCLUDING THE ONES IN THE TOILETS NEED LESS THAN 20N FORCE TO BE OPENED ON THE LEADING EDGE. ALL PUBLIC CORRIDORS AND PASSAGEWAYS HAVE A MINIMUM CLEAR WIDTH OF 1200MM IN LINE WITH PART M’S CRITERIA, SOME CORRIDORS ARE 1800MM TO ALLOW FOR TWO WHEELCHAIRS TO BYPASS. A LIFT, WITH THE SPATIAL

Total

194.8571429

Grand Total

351.190475

974.2857143

REQUIREMENTS OF 3.34 PART C, DIAGRAM 11, FORMS THE MAIN MODE OF VERTICAL ACCESS IN THE BUILDING. A MIRROR AT THE BACK OF THE CAR ALLOWS WHEELCHAIR USERS A

FINAL ESCAPE WIDTHS: GIVEN THAT THE OCCUPANCY LEVELS ON THE GROUND AND FIRST FLOOR ARE UNDER 220, A

REAR VIEW. LIFT CONTROL PANELS ARE LOCATED AT A LEVEL WHICH CAN BE EASILY REACHED BY SOMEONE IN A WHEELCHAIR, AND BRAILLE/TACTILE BUTTONS ARE USED. THE LIFT

MINIMUM STAIR WIDTH OF 1050MM WILL BE USED. THIS ESCAPE WIDTH IS CALCULATED USING THE FORMULA (W=5XC)

HAS VISUAL AND VOICE INDICATION OF THE FLOOR REACHED AND AN INTERCOM FACILITY ACTIVATED BY AN ALARM BUTTON SUITABLE FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED. A HANDRAIL

WHERE W IS THE WIDTH IN MM, AND C IS THE CAPACITY. THESE DIMENSIONS ARE SUFFICIENT TO ALLOW FIRE FIGHTERS

IS SITUATED INSIDE THE CABIN AT A HEIGHT OF 900MM. IN ADDITION TO THE LIFT FACILITIES, STAIRS ARE FITTED WITH HANDRAILS AND BALUSTRADES, WHICH ENABLE AMBULANT

TO MOVE EQUIPMENT UP AND DOWN. ALL VALUES AND DIMENSIONS ARE EXTRACTED FROM TABLE 6 & 7, PART M, AND

VISITORS VERTICAL ACCESS TO DIFFERENT LEVELS. CORDUROY STRIPS ARE PLACED IN FRONT OF STAIRS TO ACT AS A HAZARD WARNING AND EXHIBIT A DIFFERENT TACTILE SURFACE

NOT THE ESCAPE WIDTHS CALCULATED IN THE ABOVE TABLE, AS THESE DO NOT MEET MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS IN

TO ALERT USERS OF THE FINAL STEP. ALL STRIPS WILL BE MADE OF A NON-SLIP MATERIAL. HANDRAILS ARE TURNED DOWN TO ALERT PEOPLE THAT THE STAIRS HAVE ENDED, AND TO

PART M.

REDUCE THE RISK OF CLOTHING BEING CAUGHT. THE HANDRAILS AND NOSING (55MM WIDE) OF THE STAIRS WILL BE OF A CONTRASTING COLOUR TO INTERNAL WHITE WALLS, TO ASSIST THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED.

THE FINAL EXIT WIDTH IS CALCULATED USING: W = ((N/2.5)+(60S))/80 WHERE W IS THE FINAL EXIT WIDTH (M), N IS THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE SERVED BY THE EXIT AND S IS THE STAIR WIDTH (M). SO, IN THE UNLIKELY EVENT THAT

ALL RECEPTION COUNTERS, BARS AND SELF-SERVICE COUNTERS AND A LARGE PROPORTION OF THE AREA WHERE SEATING IS PROVIDED WILL BE ACCESSIBLE TO WHEELCHAIR USERS.

THE ENTIRE BUILDINGS’ OCCUPANTS WERE TO EVACUATE THROUGH THE MAIN ENTRANCE, THERE WOULD NEED TO BE A

ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY WILL BE PROVIDED IN CLASSROOM AND LIBRARY FACILITIES, INCLUDING: AUDIO INDUCTION LOOPS, LARGE COMPUTER MONITORS, BIGKEYS KEYBOARDS,

MINIMUM DOOR WIDTH OF 1.6M CALCULATED. ALL OTHER FIRE EXITS WILL BE OF THE SAME 1.6M WIDTHS. SOME FIRE

TEXT TO SPEECH SOFTWARE AND SPEECH RECOGNITION SOFTWARE, WHICH CONSIDERS 4.35 OF PART M. ERGONOMIC CHAIRS AND HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE DESKS WILL ALSO BE AVAIL-

DOORS AND EXIT SWING OUTWARDS TO ALLOW ESCAPEES TO EXIT QUICKLY AND FIND THE NEAREST ASSEMBLY POINT.

ABLE. WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE DISABLED TOILETS ARE LOCATED ON THE GOUND AND FIRST FLOOR OF THE BUILDING AND CONTAIN ALL THE CORRECT FACILITIES TO SATISFY PART

THE BUILDING HAS ACCESS TO A FIRE HYDRANT IN ACCORDANCE WITH BS 3251: 1976. EVAC CHAIRS WILL BE AVAILABLE

M DIAGRAM 18, THESE ARE MARKED WITH A DISABLED SYMBOL ON ALL PLANS. THE DOORS OPEN OUTWARDS AND ARE FITTED WITH LIGHT ACTION PRIVACY BOLTS AND EMERGENCY

TO ASSIST DISABLED PEOPLE DOWN STAIRWAYS AND INTERNAL TELEPHONES WILL BE PLACED AT STRATEGIC POINTS TO

ALARM SYSTEM (OPERATED BY A RED CORD).

ENABLE VISITORS WITH MOBILITY ISSUES TO CONTACT RECEPTION FOR ASSISTANCE.

ACCESS FOR ALL VEHICULAR ACCESS PEDESTRIAN ACCESS PRIMARY WHEELCHAIR ACCESS ROUTE

1 CORDUROY STRIP (800MM FROM ENTRANCES)

MEANS OF ESCAPE EMERGENCY VEHICLE ACCESS FINAL EXIT A ASSEMBLY POINT B FIRE HYDRANT (IN ACCORADANCE WITH BS 3251:1976)

1 A

B

39

1

FIRST FLOOR PLAN 1:100 AT A3

ACCESS FOR ALL 1

2000MM

2

1800MM

3

3200MM

4

1000MM

5

800MM CORDUROY STRIP

6

STAIR RISERS 160MM GOING 200MM MIN

7

LIFT ACCESS

8

DESK (700MM FOR WHEELCHAIR ACCESS)

9

AUDIO INDUCTION LOOP

1 .

8 E3

R

5 .

6

7

S1

3

L1

MFD

MEANS OF ESCAPE PROTECTED STAIRWELL PROTECTED LOBBY SUGGESTED ESCAPE ROUTE (FROM FURTHEST POINT) S1

L1

PROTECTED STAIRWELLS (LEADING TO FINAL EXIT WITHOUT LEAVING PROTECTED SPACE)

REFUGE POINT

FD

FIRE DOOR

MFD

MAGNETICALLY HELD FIRE DOOR

E1

VIEWING PLATFORM TO EXIT (43.8M MAX TRAVEL)

E3

FD

2 .

E1

PROTECTED LOBBY

R

E2

E2

MALE CHANGING ROOM TO S1 (15M MAX TRAVEL) CAFÉ KITCHEN TO S1 (16M MAX TRAVEL) FINAL EXIT

2

3

5

5 4 8 9 R

G

SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1:100 AT A3

1

1800MM

2

4000MM (EXTERNAL ATRIUM)

3

1500MM

4

1800MM

5

STAIR RISERS 160MM GOING 200MM MIN

6

LIFT ACCESS

7

800MM CORDUROY STRIP

8

DESK (700MM FOR WHEELCHAIR ACCESS)

9

AUDIO INDUCTION LOOP

10

GUARDING (FOR AUTOMATIC DOORS)

ACCESS FOR ALL

FD

E3

E2

MFD

9

7

FD

L1

MFD S1

MEANS OF ESCAPE

1 MFD

PROTECTED STAIRWELL

MFD

4 5

PROTECTED LOBBY SUGGESTED ESCAPE ROUTE (FROM FURTHEST POINT) S1

2

PROTECTED STAIRWELLS (LEADING TO FINAL EXIT WITHOUT LEAVING PROTECTED SPACE)

L1

PROTECTED LOBBY

FD

FIRE DOOR

MFD

MAGNETICALLY HELD FIRE DOOR

E1

BOILER ROOM TO EXIT (13.5M MAX TRAVEL)

E2

CLASSROOM TO EXIT (20.7M MAX TRAVEL)

E3

CRÈCHE TO EXIT (9.1M MAX TRAVEL)

FD

L1

8 1

1

3 10

41 10

FINAL EXIT

E1