ARCHITECTURE & ENGINEERING PORTFOLIO Architecture and Environmental Engineering - Joe - Year Three Part 1
E1a
E1a
M32 Analysis This group project was an introduction to the area around the M32. The long section through the river frome shows the aspects of wildlife, points of interest and its history. For this project I did the research, design and presentation for the flooding history of the river and the area.
__
Berlin
Field Course Journal__Berlin The field trip to Berlin was a chance to visit buildings and spaces in a new city. To document this trip a field trip journal was produced with all the sketches made on site and the photos and scraps from memorable moments that made the city for me added after.
__
Critical Reading
Critical Reading__William McDonogh The critical reading project was really useful for me to start to properly red architectural language to get a fuller picture of architecture, its thinking, its past and its direction. I have used the knowledge from the article read to inform the way I think of design and materials in a building.
E1
E1
Epiphite__Clinic The clinic is to provide a service to the homeless and less
medical or professional help or advice for any problems or
affluent citizens of Bristol. This service provides meals, a
illnesses. This is achieve by using a set of spaces each more
chance to shower and the opportunity to chat to others in
private, formal and confidential than the previous one. The
similar situations as themselves. Alongside this service there
design is kept simple to reflect the simple ideology of its use.
Design
are a set of spaces that are designed to break down the bar-
E2
rios that some people might have, stopping them getting
Engineering
Refurb__Church
E2
The refurbishment has been accomplished using three
new office block. This meant that I could get more light into
design methods. The first method was to clad the front part
the offices and could make a far more logical plan compared
of the building with insulation on the inside to make it more
to that of the original church back buildings.
Design
efficient. The second technique used was to add an insertion in the main part of the church to house the library. The third Engineering
technique is to knock down the back buildings and build the
E3
E3
Healthy Workplace__Easton Works To design a healthy workplace for ICD I first researched what
orientation of the site. The buildings are positioned around
a healthy workplace meant and how I could integrate these
a central green space. This green space makes the site feel
ideas into a clear coherent design for working offices. The
large and allows for escape whilst still inside the site.
Design
massing of the buildings came about partly from looking at the circulation around the site and partly from the environmental aspects such as noise coming from the M32 and the
Engineering
CONTENTS
Waterways This group project was an introduction to the area around the M32. The long section through the river Frome shows the aspects of wildlife, points of interest and its history. For this project I did the research, design and presentation for the flooding history of the river and the area.
M32 ANALYSIS
E1a - M32 ANALYSIS - WATERWAYS
Field Course Journal The field trip to Berlin was a chance to visit buildings and spaces in a new city. To document this trip a field trip journal was produced with all the sketches made on site and the photos and scraps from memorable moments that made the city for me added after. a slection of sketches is shown on the next page and the journal is included with the portfolio.
Berlin
JOURNAL
William McDonough – Designing, Ecology, Ethics and the Making of Things. “The things we make most not only rise from the ground but return to it. Soil to soil, water to water, so everything that is revived from the earth can be freely given back without causing harm to any living system. This is ecology. This is good design.” The brief was to read through the text and discuss as a team what it meant and what we could take out of it as regards to architecture. As a team we the made a power point presentation and presented it to other groups. We found it hard to stick to a time limit as we all had read into the text and researched more publications by McDonough. The critical reading project was really useful for me to start to properly red architectural language to get a fuller picture of architecture, its thinking, its past and its direction. I have used the knowledge from the article read to inform the way I think of designing in materials into a building. This project has led me to read more into the world of architectural literature.
CRITICAL READING
o.s, and has been somewhat lost in modern
of design, not only in respect to buildings, but in
7. The idea that design should allow for total
free energy and an open metabolism. In order
building design, and while it is not expected that
every aspect of human endeavour… who or what
recycle: a substance is put back into a system
to do this a degree of seperation is neccesary
2. No consideration of context, not actually
everyone lives in Bedouin tents, this by no means
has rights:
in order to create new substance naturally or be
between the substance within an object or
suitable for the end user.
implies that we should be paying total disregard
Historically rights have changed – White Noble
reprocessed in order to produce a new product,
building that allows the biodegradeable to be
Terrible design. No consideration of context. This
to the natural environment on a wider scale in the
Males (magna Carta) – to – Endangered Species
with no waste. This has lead to a published list of
returned to the ecosystem from where it came
applies to both products used on a day to day
way that we do currently.
Act 1973- declared Homo Sapiens part of the food
substances that allow neither of these options. Top
(bio), and the substances that can be reused to be
Rough PowerPoint Notes
web.
of the list are substances like mercury, cadmium
returned to the ecosystem from where they came
5. Design is an example of human intention. If
Emerson said – trying to understand if human
and …. These products not only cause harm to the
(tech) . It requires an understanding of the infinite
3. Understanding the worlds ecosystems can
this is indeed the case, what intentions do you
beings make things and human beings are natural,
ecosystem as a whole, they cannot be recycled,
game, as opposed to the finite view we utilize
allow us to reduce waste on a grand scale. In
feel current building practices imply with regard
then are all the things human beings make
ensuring that they become a pollutant. This
today.
the past this was not necessarily a consideration
to the planet as a whole. When clearing a huge
natural?
disregard for the ecosystem as a whole has lead
either, but a very deep understanding of the
swathe of green land, it is not neccecarily enough
Our ability to pursue wealth, health and happiness
to an incredibly wasteful form of interaction with
8. these ideas are actually cheaper in the mid to
natural environment and the local area meant
to respond with the planting of trees in another
is dependant on others and none should suffer
the ecosystem itself. Tree example: take an object
long term, but may require a larger initial capital
that the ecosystem was understood fully. How it
place. The place taken must also allow whatever
remote tyranny.
that creates oxygen, processes nitrogen, removes
investment, which is a barrier to this approach
could help protect, feed, clothe and heat humans
was there previously to flourish. A great example
In this complicated world, prior models of
Co2, holds the ecosystem around it together, self
being implemented. Also there is a lot of vested
as a race meant it was held in incredibly high
of this type of thinking is the ford river rouge
dominance have essentially lost their ability to
replicates, creates smaller ecosystems and does
interest in current designs, the harvesting,
regard. An example of this understanding is the
Factory, michigan. The construction of a natural,
control. kings
this all with just the energy of the sun. then turn
manufacture and retail of nasty chemicals, and so
construction of the Bedouin tent. Made from local
ecologically viable green roof has meant that birds
We are acting as if Nature is the Great Mother who
that into paper to write about how not to damage
there would be an impact on certain industries
materials with a construction form that is a direct
native to the area almost immediately started to
never has any problems, is always there for her
the environment. Instead of this we should be
etc. this would be a radical shakeup, and one that
requirement of its function. Every single piece
nest on it, allowing a space that at one time would
children, and requires no love in return.
looking to create a system the ensures growth,
certain industries will not enjoy.
of it can be recycled or reused. Zero waste. The
have been considered either factory or green
If we have dominion over animals (Genesis),
free energy and an open metabolism. In order
It was also discussed that the projects in china
membrane responds to its surroundings helping
space to be both.
maybe we do, isn’t it implicit that we have
to do this a degree of seperation is neccesary
were largely decided with zero input from the
stewardship too, because how can you have
between environment. Instead of this we should
local community, with many people in the area to
dominion over something you have killed.
be looking to create a system the ensures growth,
be used unaware of any plans.
basis and indeed to the built environment.
to create a suitable environment within the structure. This is also known as understanding the
6. As we become aware of ethical implications
We live in a commercially based world, and that these ideals whilst they are amazing, are not the cheapest option. This means that companies are reluctant to invest, unless they have a deep passion for green design, something which most people do not, but something that is on the up.
CRITICAL READING
The clinic is to provide a service to the homeless and less affluent citizens of Bristol. This service provides meals, a chance to shower and the opportunity to chat to others in similar situations as themselves. Alongside this service there are a set of spaces that are designed to break down the barrios that some people might have, stopping them getting medical or professional help or advice for any problems or illnesses. This is achieve by using a set of spaces each more private, formal and confidential than the previous one. The purpose of the food service is to bring people into the clinic that might not necessarily want to come to a clinic. This could be for many reasons, including lack of confidence in people in positions of trust. The design is kept simple to reflect the simple ideology of its use and also is kept simple for transport. The clinic is constructed using a timber frame, filled with insulation and plastered on the interior and simply clad with treated plywood on the exterior.
PROJECT E1
Brief
2. - Intermediate Room
5. WC
The intermediate room is named so because it is the intermediate
Because of the expected number of occupants there only needs
The clinic is to provide a service to the homeless and less afflu-
stage in the progression of a potential patient entering the build-
to be one WC. However if each room was to its expected capac-
ent citizens of Bristol. This service provides meals a chance to
ing with an issue to the same patient leaving the building with the
ity then it will not be adequate. This causes problems as there if
shower and the opportunity to chat to others in similar situations
required medical help or advice to sort the issue etc. The interme-
another WC was to be added then the floor areas will be too great
as themselves. The purpose of the food service is to bring people
diate room is for a social worker to have a more formal talk with a
for the brief and the building elements won’t fit on the transport
into the clinic that might not necessarily want to come to a clinic.
user of the clinic. This space could also be used as a consultancy
lorries.
This could be for many reasons, suh as the lack of confidence in
room for counselling sessions if needed.
people in positions of trust. Alongside this service there are a set
The WC is place on the M32 side of the building to act as an acous-
of spaces that are designed to break down any barrios that some
The position of this room was partly dictated by the position of
tic buffer zone between the M32 and the dining hall. The WC is
people might have to getting medical help or advice for any prob-
the doctor’s office, as it needs a link between the two. The room
situated in a services core and in line with the kitchen because of
lems or illnesses that they might have. This is achieve by using a
also works well on the south side of the building because it is
the like need for water services, as mentioned above.
set of spaces each more private, formal and confidential than the
small enough to manage the heat gains in the summertime. This
previous one.
room also doesn’t need the same level of privacy as the doctor’s
6. Shower
office so will not benefit in the same way from being on the side
The showers provide a chance for the homeless to wash if they
of the M32, see below.
want or need to. This is another aspect of the building that is
Orientation
4.
6.
6.
designed to break down the barriers of the users, as the building One major concern of the site for the buildings position is that
3. - Doctor’s Office
of noise ingress from the M32. This immediately informed the
The doctor’s office is the room that requires the most privacy. For
orientation of the building, to face east away from the M32. This
this reason it is placed in the most concealed part of the plan.
The showers are placed on the M32 side of the building to act as
left me with a noisier side and a quieter side to the building. From
There was also need to have more than one entrance and exit
an acoustic buffer zone between the M32 and the dining hall. The
my interpretation of the brief I then could choose which spaces
into the room so that if the users with to enter and leave without
windows in the showers are also kept high and small to stop any
would best suit certain locations in the building.
being seen they could do so. This could be for various reasons;
views into them, and as this space is not going to be constantly
1.
1.
5.
may feel more homely than it might without them.
for example they could be embarrassed about their situation
used the energy consumption of the required daytime artificial
1. - Dining Hall
and not want to answer intimate questions from the other users.
lighting will not be very significant.
The dining hall can be considered the most important space in
The doctors to be stationed in the scheme may also want similar
the building. It is the first space in the series of breaking down
levels of privacy. To do this there are three ways in and out of the
barrios. It is the least private room, and can be considered a public
room. A main entrance off of the dining hall is there for patients
space. This room is to be used to provide a food service to those
who don’t need much privacy, and entrance off of the intermedi-
less affluent or homeless. However the main role of the space is to
ate room for the natural transition between the spaces and an
break down the barrios that some might have to get any illnesses
entrance through the back of the building for those too shy or
or health problem seen to by a professional. To enable this, social
embarrassed.
3.
2.
workers mingle with those eating and informally chat. Once rapport is achieved between a social worker and a user of the space
As the conversations that take place inside the doctor’s office
the conversations could become more personal and therefore
are confidential it was ideal to position this room on the side
more confidential. This then requires a space with more privacy,
facing the M32. This is because the noise from the motorway will
the intermediate room. The dining hall is at the front of the build-
help to ‘drown out’ the noise from within the room. Without this
ing and has been designed to break the barrios between inside
some conversation might be audible from other rooms inside the
and out by use of a front that fully opens up and shelter a decked
building or from the outside by passers-by. This means that any
area outside the building. This additional space outside is part
conversation can take place freely without the thought of being
of the dining hall and can be used all year round u with the front
overheard.
M32
open dramatically increases the useable space in the building. 4. Kitchen The dining hall has been positioned at the front of the building,
The kitchen is the largest room in the building; its primary pur-
on the opposite side to the M32, to be as acoustically sheltered
pose is to provide food to serve in the dining hall. It can also be
as possible. The view, into Eastville Park, from this space is also far
used for educating and helping people cook on a budget. This
superior. The room is designed to feel healthy, bright, welcoming,
could be for small groups or for families to learn. This is why it is
and easy to see into. This is achieved by using lighter colour tones
slightly larger than it could have been for solely providing food for
on the wall, two large skylights and a large proportion of glazing
the dining hall.
on the front. The orientation of the building was for the front to be facing south-south-west; however the heat gains in this space
The space is situated on the north side of the building to minimise
were deemed too high and instead of compromising the light
the solar heat gains because kitchens tend to produce a lot of
into the space the orientation was changed to achieve a more
heat in to the processes of cooking. Also the kitchen needed to
manageable value.
be in the same area as the WC and showers as these are the three spaces that require water services.
SPACE LAYOUT AND ORIENTATION
Orbata Clinic – Hatato Komatsu Architects
Lou Ruvo – Centre for Brain Health – Frank Gehry
“The treatment rooms are located at the rear of the space, carefully partitioned to prevent any direct views into them.” Dezeen
“The spaces are well lit, but not overpoweringly, and are also colourful. This gives a more friendly feel.” Dezeen
The aspects of privacy are important for this project and are made more important by the public nature of the site.
An abstract design could be well suited to the site and could spark interest from views of it from the M32.
Dental Office – Estudio Hago Despite having a sterile feel to some of the spaces the dental office appears warm and welcoming. The most welcoming design feature is the wood panelling. It is important for a clinic to feel welcoming to ensure the comfort of the guest. This is an aspect to work into the clinic design.
PRECEDENT STUDY
SKETCHES
SKETCHES
MODEL
MODEL
1.
2.
3.
1.
3.
2.
3.
3.
4.
5.
4.
6. 5. 6.
Exploded 7.
8. 7.
Context Plan - Scale 1:1000 8.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Doctors Office WC Shower Kitchen Interediate Room Dining Hall Decking Access Ramp
PLANS SCALE 1:50
East
North
East - Front Open
South
West
ELEVATIONS SCALE 1:50
Detailed Section - Scale 1:50
Section A-A
Section B-B
SECTIONS SCALE 1:50
For this project it was essential for the engineering calculations to run alongside design process. This meant that the design was continuously informed by the engineering. This can be seen in elements such as daylight factor and the size of apertures and the orientation of the building which then informed what activities could take place on each faรงade. To get a fuller picture of the design process this engineering section can be read with elements of the prior design section. To further continue this engineering at a later date I wish to measure acoustic data to do calculations for the sound levels inside the building.
ENGINEERING E1
Brief
2. - Intermediate Room
5. WC
The intermediate room is named so because it is the intermediate
Because of the expected number of occupants there only needs
The clinic is to provide a service to the homeless and less affluent
stage in the progression of a potential patient entering the build-
to be one WC. However if each room was to its expected capac-
citizens of Bristol. This service provides meals a chance to shower
ing with an issue to the same patient leaving the building with the
ity then it will not be adequate. This causes problems as there if
and the opportunity to chat to others in similar situations as
required medical help or advice to sort the issue etc. The interme-
another WC was to be added then the floor areas will be too great
themselves. The purpose of the food service is to bring people
diate room is for a social worker to have a more formal talk with a
for the brief and the building elements won’t fit on the transport
into the clinic that might not necessarily want to come to a clinic.
user of the clinic. This space could also be used as a consultancy
lorries.
This could be for many reasons, suh as the lack of confidence in
room for counselling sessions if needed.
people in positions of trust. Alongside this service there are a
The WC is place on the M32 side of the building to act as an acous-
set of spaces that are designed to break down any barrios that
The position of this room was partly dictated by the position of
tic buffer zone between the M32 and the dining hall. The WC is
some people might have to getting medical help or advice for
the doctor’s office, as it needs a link between the two. The room
situated in a services core and in line with the kitchen because of
any problems or illnesses that they might have. This is achieve by
also works well on the south side of the building because it is
the like need for water services, as mentioned above.
using a set of spaces each more private, formal and confidential
small enough to manage the heat gains in the summertime. This
than the previous one.
room also doesn’t need the same level of privacy as the doctor’s
6. Shower
office so will not benefit in the same way from being on the side
The showers provide a chance for the homeless to wash if they
of the M32, see below.
want or need to. This is another aspect of the building that is
Orientation
4.
6.
6.
designed to break down the barriers of the users, as the building One major concern of the site for the buildings position is that
3. - Doctor’s Office
of noise ingress from the M32. This immediately informed the
The doctor’s office is the room that requires the most privacy. For
orientation of the building, to face east away from the M32. This
this reason it is placed in the most concealed part of the plan.
The showers are placed on the M32 side of the building to act as
left me with a noisier side and a quieter side to the building. From
There was also need to have more than one entrance and exit
an acoustic buffer zone between the M32 and the dining hall. The
my interpretation of the brief I then could choose which spaces
into the room so that if the users with to enter and leave without
windows in the showers are also kept high and small to stop any
would best suit certain locations in the building.
being seen they could do so. This could be for various reasons;
views into them, and as this space is not going to be constantly
1.
1.
5.
may feel more homely than it might without them.
for example they could be embarrassed about their situation
used the energy consumption of the required daytime artificial
1. - Dining Hall
and not want to answer intimate questions from the other users.
lighting will not be very significant.
The dining hall can be considered the most important space in
The doctors to be stationed in the scheme may also want similar
the building. It is the first space in the series of breaking down
levels of privacy. To do this there are three ways in and out of the
barrios. It is the least private room, and can be considered a public
room. A main entrance off of the dining hall is there for patients
space. This room is to be used to provide a food service to those
who don’t need much privacy, and entrance off of the intermedi-
less affluent or homeless. However the main role of the space
ate room for the natural transition between the spaces and an
is to break down the barrios that some might have to get any
entrance through the back of the building for those too shy or
illnesses or health problem seen to by a professional. To enable
embarrassed.
3.
2.
this, social workers mingle with those eating and informally chat. Once rapport is achieved between a social worker and a user of
As the conversations that take place inside the doctor’s office
the space the conversations could become more personal and
are confidential it was ideal to position this room on the side
therefore more confidential. This then requires a space with more
facing the M32. This is because the noise from the motorway will
privacy, the intermediate room. The dining hall is at the front of
help to ‘drown out’ the noise from within the room. Without this
the building and has been designed to break the barrios between
some conversation might be audible from other rooms inside the
inside and out by use of a front that fully opens up and shelter a
building or from the outside by passers-by. This means that any
decked area outside the building. This additional space outside
conversation can take place freely without the thought of being
is part of the dining hall and can be used all year round u with
overheard.
M32
the front open dramatically increases the useable space in the building.
4. Kitchen The kitchen is the largest room in the building; its primary pur-
The dining hall has been positioned at the front of the building,
pose is to provide food to serve in the dining hall. It can also be
on the opposite side to the M32, to be as acoustically sheltered
used for educating and helping people cook on a budget. This
as possible. The view, into Eastville Park, from this space is also far
could be for small groups or for families to learn. This is why it is
superior. The room is designed to feel healthy, bright, welcoming,
slightly larger than it could have been for solely providing food for
and easy to see into. This is achieved by using lighter colour tones
the dining hall.
on the wall, two large skylights and a large proportion of glazing on the front. The orientation of the building was for the front to
The space is situated on the north side of the building to minimise
be facing south-south-west; however the heat gains in this space
the solar heat gains because kitchens tend to produce a lot of
were deemed too high and instead of compromising the light
heat in to the processes of cooking. Also the kitchen needed to
into the space the orientation was changed to achieve a more
be in the same area as the WC and showers as these are the three
manageable value.
spaces that require water services.
SPACE LAYOUT AND ORIENTATION
Layout Plan
Zumtbobel Panos Luminaire
LIGHTING LAYOUT
U-values
Fabric Heat Loss
External Wall Material
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Cladding
0.02
0.12
Resistance (R) 0.166666667
U-value
Insulation
0.4
0.02
20
U (W/m2K
AU (W)
Timber Frame
0.1
0.14
0.714285714
Int Walls
122
0.0900553
10.986749
Plaster Board
0.012
0.16
0.075
Ext Walls
7
0.0472978
0.3310848
Vapour Control
0.002
0.3
0.006666667
4.6
0.0577844
0.2658082
5
0.7575202
3.7876012
4.6
0.0587008
0.2700237
Total (W)
344.10787
Doctors Office Surface
Area
Floor
R si
0.12
Glazing
R so
0.06
Roof 0.047298
Roof
Dining Hall
Material
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
U (W/m2K
AU (W)
Bitumen
0.02
0.5
0.04
Int Walls
27.5
0.0900553
2.4765213
0.002
0.3
0.006666667
Ext Walls
9
0.0472978
0.4256805
0.3
0.02
15
8.5
0.0577844
0.4911672
0.25
0.14
1.785714286
Glazing
9
0.7575202
6.8176821
0.012
0.19
0.063157895
Roof
11.4
0.0587008
0.6691893
Total (W)
239.36529
Vapour Control Insulation Wood Joists Plaster
Resistance (R)
R si
0.1
R so
0.04
U-value
Surface
Floor
0.058701
Intermediate Room Surface
Floor Material
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
0.02
0.12
0.166666667
0.3
0.02
15
Timber Joists
0.25
0.14
1.785714286
Cladding
0.02
0.12
0.166666667
0.002
0.3
0.006666667
Wood Floor Insulation
Vapour Control
Resistance (R)
R si
0.14
R so
0.04
U-value
cavity 90% Ag glass
Conductivity (K)
0.006
1.05
Resistance (R) 0.005714286
0.02
0.01772
1.128668172
0.006
1.05
0.005714286
R si
0.12
R so
0.06
1.1617136
Ext Walls
7.8
0.0472978
0.3689231
5.25
0.0577844
0.303368
5
0.7575202
3.7876012
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
0.012
0.16
Resistance (R)
Surface
U-value
0.2
0.02
10
Timber Frame
0.1
0.14
0.714285714
Plaster Board
0.012
0.16
0.075
0.0587008
0.3081793
Total (W)
130.45527
U (W/m2K
AU (W)
Int Walls
Area 14
0.0900553
1.2607745
Ext Walls
22.5
0.0472978
1.0642012
12
0.0577844
0.6934126
5
0.7575202
3.7876012
12
0.0587008
0.7044098
Total (W)
165.22878
Glazing Roof
Showers Surface
U-value
0.075
Insulation
5.25
Kitchen
Internal Wall Plaster Board
0.0900553
Roof
0.75752
Material
AU (W)
12.9
Floor Thickness (m)
Area
Glazing
Glazing glass
U (W/m2K
Int Walls Floor
0.057784
Material
Area
U (W/m2K
AU (W)
Int Walls
Area 15
0.0900553
1.3508298
Ext Walls
2.6
0.0472978
0.1229744
Floor
2.2
0.0577844
0.1271256
Glazing
0.2
0.7575202
0.151504
Roof
2.2
0.0587008
0.1291418
Total (W)
41.394664
WC
R si
0.12
Surface
U (W/m2K
AU (W)
R so
0.12
Int Walls
16.5
0.0900553
1.4859128
Ext Walls
3.9
0.0472978
0.1844615
Floor
3.3
0.0577844
0.1906885
Glazing
0.3
0.7575202
0.2272561
Roof
3.3
0.0587008
0.1937127
Total (W)
50.204694
0.090055
External wall
Internal wall
Area
Glazing
Ground floor
Roof
U VALUES & HEAT LOSSES
Ideal IMAX XTRA 120 Boiler
Zehnder Terraline Trench Heating
HEAT LOSSES AND HEATING
The fan and ducting is positioned on the top of the building. The ducting is kept on the top of the roof and only drops through the roof where the diffusers are positioned so that it can be removed when the building is taken apart for transport.
Duct Sizing q (m3/s) AB
l (m)
No.
0.287 Duct
Duct Size (Ă˜m)
c (m/s)
0.35
3
3.5
Pressure Drop per m (Pa/m)
1/2rc2
Pressure Drop (Pa)
x
Fan Sizing 0.35
1.225
Total q (m3/s)
total pressure drop (Pa)
q (l/s)
Bend
1
5.4
0.2
1.08
0.287
16.78
287
Diffuser
4
5.4
0.67
14.47
0.918
43.86
918
16.78
1.252
70.25
1252
BC
0.918 Duct
0.5
4.5
2.4
0.45
Diffuser
2
12.15
0.67
T
1
12.15
0.8
1.586
96.83
1586
1.08
1.936
134.91
1936
16.28
1.936
135.00
1936
1.936
432.00
432.00
9.72 27.08
CD
1.252 Duct
0.575
4.5
1.3
Matching the total performance needed the Vent-Axia HPCILF(BS) 0.4
Diffuser
2
T
1
The fan is oversized to cope with any changes in the building. one change could be higher levels of occupancy than expected.
0.52 12.15
0.67
16.28
0.79
9.59
Requested:
1.936 m3/s @ 432.00 Pa
Actual:
2.063 m3/s @ 490.5 Pa
26.39 DE
1.586 Duct
6.6
4.5
1
0.35
Diffuser
2
T
1
0.35 12.15
0.67
16.281
0.82
9.953460744 26.58446074
EF
1.936 Duct
0.72
4.5
5
0.3
Diffuser
3
T
1
1.5 12.15
0.67
24.4215
1
12.15 38.0715
FG
1.936 Duct
0.72 0.3
4.5 0.3
0.09 0.09
Attenuator
50
Heating Coil
50
Filter
80
Prefilter
80
Damper
12
Louvre
25
Total q
Total Pressure Drop 1.936
432.00
Vent-Axia High Pressure Centrifugal In-Line Fan
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Originally I designed this project almost to completion taking a route that clad the existing shell with insulation and kept all existing structure and shell for the new spaces inside. However, although the engineering side to this route worked the design was lacking in features. To reignite the design aspects I have fully redesigned and engineered the project using three design methods. The first method was to clad the front part of the building with insulation on the inside to make it more efficient. The second technique used was to add an insertion in the main part of the church to house the library. As part of this insertion idea a section of the roof was removed, partly to let more light in and partly to create a more natural garden space under the insertion. This also harks back to the beauty of ruins in gothic romanticism and juxtaposing this with a modern insertion. The third technique is to knock down the back buildings and build the new office block. This meant that I could get more light into the offices and could make a far more logical plan compared to that of the original church back buildings.
PROJECT E2
1.
1.
1.
1.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1. 1. Merkx-Girod, selexyz-bookstore, dominicanen Maastricht, Holland
3.
2. Library, St Paul’s Cathedral, City of London 3. ler devagar bookshop, Lisbon, Portugal
PRECEDENTS
INSERTION AND GARDEN PRECEDENTS
DEVELOPMENT SKETCHES
8.
5.
9. 10.
7.
4.
1.
11.
12.
13.
6.
14.
15. 16.
2.
3.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
Reading Room Cafe & Reading Room Lift Fire Escape Reading Garden Escape Stair Libary Lift Library Toilets (All Floors) Services Room Office Stair Office Kitchen Office Lift Tennent 1 Tennent 2 Courtyard Escpe Door Escape Stairs Insertion Existing Office
LEVEL -1 SCALE 1:100
8.
10.
9.
1.
11.
12.
13. 6.
2.
14.
7.
15.
5. 16.
3.
4.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
Cafe Stair Enterance / Reception Desk Cafe & Reading Room Lift Staff Kitchen Walkway Digital Library Libary Lift Office Entrance Services Core Office Stair Reception Office Lift Tennent 3 Tennent 4 Courtyard Escape Stair Insertion Existing Office
LEVEL 0 SCALE 1:100
8. 7.
1.
10.
9.
11.
12. 5.
2.
13.
6.
14.
15.
3.
4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Cafe Stair Cafe Cafe & Reading Room Lift Cafe Toilets Analogue Libary Libary Lift Services Core Office Coridoor Office Stair Office Kitchen 2 Office Lift Tennent 5 Tennent 6 Courtyard Escape Stair Insertion Existing Office
LEVEL 1 SCALE 1:100
4.
1.
2.
5.
3.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Tripple Height Cafe Space Digital Library Libary Lift Services Core Office Block
Insertion Existing Office
LEVEL 2
SCALE 1:100
1.
3.
2.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Cut Roof Insertion Office Block Roof Mounted Fan Insertion Existing Office
ROOF PLAN SCALE 1:100
INSERTION SECTION
LONG SECTION
OFFICE SECTION
SCALE 1:200
Café Fitting Type Zumtbobel Copa Pendant Pendant Length (m) 0.6
Zumtbobel Copa Luminaire Luminous Flux (lm) 19000
Room Length (m)
Room Width (m)
11.6
Room Height (m)
5.6
6
Workplane Height
Maintenance Factor
0.75
0.67
Room Length (m)
Room Width (m) 3
Room Height (m) 4
Workplane Height
3
Maintenance Factor 0
0.67
Staff Kitchen Fitting Type Zumtbobel Ondaria Surface Mounted Luminaire Ø (mm) 440
Stair (Winding) Fitting Type Zumtbobel Ondaria Surface Mounted Luminaire Ø (m) 440
Lift Entrance Fitting Type Zumtbobel Vaero Pendant Luminaire Pendant Length (m) 0.5
Luminous Flux (lm) 5200
Room Length (m)
Room Width (m)
11.6
Room Hight (m)
5.6
Workplane Height 3
Maintenance Factor 0
0.67
70/50/20
3390
Room Length (m)
Room Width (m)
11.6
Room Height (m)
5.6
3
Workplane Height
Maintenance Factor
0.75
0.67
Room Length (m)
2550
Room Width (m) 3
Room Height (m) 4
3
Workplane Height
Maintenance Factor
0.9
0.67
Room Length (m)
2550
Room Width (m) 2
Room Height (m) 3
Workplane Height
3
Maintenance Factor 0
0.67
5200
Room Length (m) 3.2
Room Width (m)
Room Height (m) 2
3
Workplane Height
Maintenance Factor 0
0.67
Zumtbobel Vaero Luminaire
70/50/20 10 5 2 11 334
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%) 70/50/20 4 2 2 20 338
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%) 70/50/20 No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
Luminous Flux (lm)
12 6 2 11.32 350
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx) Luminous Flux (lm)
Zumtbobel Ondaria Luminaire
70/50/20
No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx) Luminous Flux (lm)
4 2 2 20 267
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx) Luminous Flux (lm)
2 2 1 8.62 288
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
Reception Area
Reading Room Fitting Type Zumtbobel Ondaria Surface Mounted Luminaire Ø (m) 440
70/50/20 No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
Café / Reading Room Toilets Fitting Type Luminous Flux (lm) Zumtbobel Ondaria Surface Mounted 2550 Luminaire Ø (mm) 440
Fitting Type Zumtbobel Vaero Pendant Luminaire Pendant Length (m) 0.5
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
2 1 2 20 200
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%) 70/50/20 No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
2 2 1 19.16 270
EXISTING SPACES LIGHTING
Insertion Top/Bottom Floors Fitting Type Luminous Flux (lm) Zumtbobel L-Field Surface Mounted 3390 Extrude (mm) 15
Insertion Middle Floor Fitting Type Zumtbobel L-Field Surface Mounted Extrude (mm) 15
Insertion Walk Ways Fitting Type Zumtbobel Vaero Pendant Luminaire Pendant Length (m) 0.5
Insertion Toilets Fitting Type Zumtbobel Ondaria Surface Mounted Luminaire Ø (mm)
Luminous Flux (lm) 3390
Zumtbobel L- Field Luminaire Room Length (m)
Room Width (m)
15
6.9
Room Height (m) 3
Workplane Height (m) 0.75
Maintenance Factor 0.67
Luminous Flux (lm)
No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx) Room Length (m)
Room Width (m)
15
Room Length (m)
5200
9.9
Room Height (m) 2.8
Workplane Height (m) 0.75
Maintenance Factor 0.67
Room Width (m) 3
1.3
Room Height (m) 2.5
Workplane Height (m) 0
Maintenance Factor 0.67
Room Length (m) 2.2
Room Width (m) 1.5
Room Height (m) 3
Workplane Height (m) 0
Maintenance Factor 0.67
440
70/50/20
2550
Room Length (m) 21
Room Width (m) 12
Room Height (m) 3.7
Workplane Height (m) 0.5
Maintenance Factor 0.67
Zumtbobel Ondaria Luminaire
20 10 2 11 313
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%) 70/50/20
Zumtbobel Vaero Luminaire 1 1 1 13.62 190
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%) 70/50/20 No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
Luminous Flux (lm)
14 7 2 11 302
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
2550
440
70/50/20
No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
Luminous Flux (lm)
Garden Lighting Fitting Type Zumtbobel Ondaria Surface Mounted Luminaire Ø (mm)
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
1 1 1 18.18 141
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%) 70/50/20 No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
28 7 4 6.67 168
INSERTION LIGHTING
Office Fitting Type Zumtbobel LField Surface Mounted Extrude (mm)
Zumtbobel L- Field Luminaire Luminous Flux (lm)
3390
Room Length (m)
Room Width (m)
13
Room Height (m)
5
3
Workplane Height (m)
0.75
Maintenance Factor
0.67
15
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
70/50/20 No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
16 8 2 11 527
Office Corridor Fitting Type Zumtbobel Vaero Pendant Luminaire Pendant Length 0.5m
Luminous Flux (lm)
Office Stairs Fitting Type Zumtbobel Vaero Pendant Luminaire Pendant Length 0.5m
Room Width (m)
Room Height (m)
Workplane Height (m)
Maintenance Factor
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
Zumtbobel Ondaria Luminaire 5200
Office Kitchen / Reception Desk Fitting Type Luminous Flux (lm) Zumtbobel Ondaria Surface Mounted 2550 Luminaire Ø 440mm
Office Toilets Fitting Type Zumtbobel Ondaria Surface Mounted Luminaire Ø 440mm
Room Length (m)
Luminous Flux (lm)
2550
13.7
2
3
0
0.67
70/50/20 No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
Room Length (m)
Room Width (m)
Room Height (m)
Workplane Height (m)
Maintenance Factor
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
Zumtbobel Vaero Luminaire 3
1.6
3
0
0.67
70/50/20 No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
Room Length (m)
2.2
Room Width (m)
Room Height (m)
1.5
3
Workplane Height (m)
0
Maintenance Factor
0.67
5200
Room Length (m)
5
Room Width (m)
Room Height (m)
2
3
Workplane Height (m)
0
Maintenance Factor
0.67
2 2 1 25 222
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
70/50/20 No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
Luminous Flux (lm)
3 3 1 6.71 129
1 1 1 18.18 141
Reflection Factor C/W/F (%)
70/50/20 No. Luminaires Rows Columns Load (W/m2) Illuminance (lx)
2 2 1 12.26 200
OFFICE LIGHTING
Unit Dimensions:
Top Floor - Cafe
External Wall Material
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
Stone
0.5
1.3
0.384615385
Insulation
0.1
0.02
5
Plaster Board
0.012
0.16
0.075
Vapour Control
0.002
0.3
0.006666667
R si
U-value
Slate Vapour Control Insulation Wood Joists Plaster
Resistance (R)
0.02
1.3
0.015384615
0.002
0.3
0.006666667
0.4
0.02
20
0.04
0.14
0.285714286
0.01
0.19
0.1
R so
0.04
12.5L/s per person
0.1771077
20.367385
45000
99
0.049469
4.8974303
675000
Glazing
37
0.7575202
28.028249
675
91.5
0.7575202
69.313102
Surface
U-value
342.5 Total (W)
2697.3356
V (m3)
1950
Area
1950
AU
0.1771077
8.5011694
45000
57
0.0624756
3.5611072
450000
Glazing
31
0.7575202
23.483127
450
57
0.033555
1.9126363
193 Total (W)
Walls Glazing Floors ΣA (m2)
0.049469
Volume
V (m3)
171
Wood Floor Screed
0.02
Conductivity (K) 0.12
Resistance (R)
0.41
0.12195122
R-inf Concrete
0.6
1.13
0.530973451
Insulation
0.3
0.02
15
0.002
0.3
0.006666667
Vapour Control R si
0.14
R so
0.04
75647.75057
Bottom Floor
m3/h Cv (W/K) 225
Middle Floor
24674.04258
24826.04798
0.346154
Water Temperature (⁰C)
System temp Diff (Δt)
Room temp (⁰C)
Correction Factor at 55.5⁰C
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
Corrected Output (W) 84053.1
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
27415.6
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
24826.0
return
71 Length (m)
Output (W)
Output per m (W/m)
4
3556
889
136294.7 Trench Heating
No People
L/h/person
10
L/h m3/h
Total Output (W)
No
Total Length (m)
Top Floor
84053.1
24
94.5
Bottom Floor
27415.6
8
30.8
Middle Floor
24826.0
7
27.9
Zehnder - Terraline
Cv (W/K) 150
2.631579
Depth = 180mm
Per Radiator (W/m)
Width = 210mm
3556
Zehnder Terraline Trench Heating
U (W/m2K
AU
87
0.1771077
15.408369
12.5L/s per person 45000
28.5
0.7575202
21.589327
225000
114
0.033555
3.8252727
225
229.5 Total (W)
898.10532
No People
L/h/person
5
L/h m3/h Cv (W/K)
228
V (m3)
N (/h) 0.986842
75
U-value Correction Factor
0.166666667
0.05
3556
Air Changes - Entrance
Area
228
Thickness (m)
L/h
N (/h) 171
Ground Floor Material
Room heat loss (W)
Top Floor
Unit Dimensions:
824.07689
Middle Floor - Entrance Surface
Room
15
12.5L/s per person
48
ΣA (m2)
L/h/person
Air Changes - Reading Room U (W/m2K
Floor Ceiling
No People
N (/h)
Walls
Volume
0.052631579
R si
AU
Bottom Floor -Reading Room
Roof Conductivity (K)
U (W/m2K
Roof
Volume
0.06
Thickness (m)
Area 115
ΣA (m2)
0.177108 Material
Air Changes - Café
Walls
Glazing
0.12
R so
Surface
Per Radiator (W/m)
Width = 210mm
Radiator Sizing - Existing
Fabric Heat Loss - Existing Church with Insulation and Plaster
U-values - Existing Church with Insulation and Plaster
Depth = 180mm
Cv (W/K)
ΣA (m2)
ΣAU (KW)
R
F1cu
F2cu
Café
225
342.5
2697.33565
0.1
0.79916
1.035442
Reading Room
150
193
824.0768861
0.1
0.925043
1.013228
75
229.5
898.1053174
0.1
0.883904
1.020488
tc(⁰C)
tao(⁰C)
Entrance Worst Case Scenario Heat Losses
0.062476
ΣAU (KW)
F1cu
F2cu
Top Floor
1.0354423
1.0354423
2697.33565
Cv (W/K) 225
21
-4
Qt (W) 75647.7506
Bottom Floor
1.0132277
1.0132277
824.0768861
150
21
-4
24674.0426
Middle Floor
1.0204876
1.0204876
898.1053174
75
21
-4
24826.048
Glazing Material glass cavity 90% Ag glass
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
0.006
1.05
0.005714286
0.02
0.01772
1.128668172
0.006
1.05
0.005714286
R si
0.12
R so
0.06
U-value
0.75752 Internal Floor Material R-inf Concrete
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
0.3
1.13
Screed
0.05
0.41
0.12195122
Floor Surface
0.01
1.3
0.007692308
False Ceiling
0.7
0.024
29.16666667
U-value
0.265486726
R si
0.12
R so
0.12 0.033555
HEATING & HEAT LOSSES EXISTING ELEMENTS
Unit Dimensions:
U-values - Insertion
Fabric Heat Loss -Insertion
Glazing
Top Floor
Material glass cavity 90% Ag glass
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
U-value
0.173929
5.2178709
45000
0.0495376
5.6968296
675000
1.1286682
Floor
115
0.1740817
20.019396
675
0.0057143
Glazing
103
0.7575202
78.024585
0.01772
0.006
1.05
R so
0.06 0.7575202
False Ceiling Bitumen Vapour Control Insulation Screed R-inf Concrete
0.7
0.024
29.166667
0.02
0.5
0.04
0.002
0.3
0.0066667
0.4
0.02
U-value
2397.091
V (m3)
345
Area
U (W/m2K 30
Floor
115
Glazing
103
Ceiling
115
AU 5.2178709
45000
0.0245362
2.8216638
900000
78.024585
900
0.7575202 0.1740817
363 Total (W)
0.41
0.1219512
0.3
1.13
0.2654867
R si
0.1
R so
0.04
Material Conc Skim Floor Fin Screed R-inf Concrete Insulation Vapour Control False Ceiling
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
0.004
0.8
0.005
0.05
0.41
0.1219512
0.5
1.13
0.4424779
0.3
0.02
15
0.002
0.3
0.0066667
0.6
0.024
25
R si
0.12
R so
0.06
System temp Diff (Δt)
Room temp (⁰C)
Correction Factor at 55.5⁰C
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
75005.2
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
74980.7
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
101404.9
return
71 Length (m)
Output (W)
Output per m (W/m)
4
3556
889
2333.8373
V (m3)
425.5
Middle Floor
Cv (W/K)
1.9565217
L/h/person
U (W/m2K
Walls
40
0.173929
AU
20
6.9571611
45000
112
0.7575202
84.842267
675000
Floors
336
0.1740817
58.491452
675
488 Total (W)
U-value
Total Output (W)
No
Total Length (m)
Top Floor
75005.2
21
84.4
Bottom Floor
74980.7
21
84.3
Middle Floor
101404.9
29
114.1
Zehnder - Terraline
L/h
Unit Dimensions:
m3/h
Cv (W/K)
2.1151586
Bottom Floor
15
75647.75057
24674.04258
System temp Diff (Δt)
Room temp (⁰C)
Correction Factor at 55.5⁰C
55.5
21
0.9
84053.1
55.5
21
0.9
27415.6
55.5
21
0.9
24826.0
Length (m)
Output (W)
Output per m (W/m)
4
3556
889
flow
82
return
71
flow
82
return
71
flow
82
return
71
Corrected Output (W)
m3/h
Middle Floor
24826.04798
136294.7
1008
V (m3)
N (/h)
Trench Heating
Cv (W/K)
0.6696429
225
Correction Factor ΣA (m2)
3556
L/h
3306.3994
Cv (W/K)
Per Radiator (W/m)
Width = 210mm
Zehnder Trench RoomTerraline heat loss (W) WaterHeating Temperature (⁰C)
Room
No People
L/h/person
Depth = 180mm
Radiator Sizing - Existing
300
12.5 L/s per person
Glazing
ΣA (m2) Volume
91264
Trench Heating
No People
Air Changes Area
Corrected Output (W)
251390.9
225
N (/h)
425.5
Middle Floors Surface
67483
20.019396
1008
Thickness (m)
Water Temperature (⁰C)
67505
Top Floor
0.0495376
Bottom Floor
Room heat loss (W)
Top Floor
Bottom Floor
12.5 L/s per person
0.173929
Room
m3/h
20
0.05
3556
15
L/h
Air Changes
Walls
ΣA (m2) Volume
L/h/person
N (/h)
345
Bottom Floor Surface
Resistance (R)
363 Total (W)
ΣA (m2) Volume
No People
12.5 L/s per person
30
0.02
Conductivity (K)
AU
115
0.0057143
Thickness (m)
U (W/m2K
Roof
1.05
0.12
Material
Area
Per Radiator (W/m)
Width = 210mm
Radiator Sizing - Insertion
Air Changes
Walls
0.006
R si
Roof
Surface
Depth = 180mm
ΣAU (KW)
F1cu
F2cu
Top Floor
225
363
2397.091
R 0.1
0.8312216
1.0297844
Bottom Floor
300
363
2333.8373
0.1
0.8591477
1.0248563
Middle Floor
225
488
3306.3994
0.1
0.8087595
1.0337483
tc(⁰C)
tao(⁰C)
Total Output (W)
No
Total Length (m)
Top Floor
84053.1
24
94.5
Bottom Floor
27415.6
8
30.8
Middle Floor
24826.0
7
27.9
Zehnder - Terraline Unit Dimensions:
Depth = 180mm
Per Radiator (W/m)
Width = 210mm
3556
Worst Case Scenario Heat Losses F1cu
F2cu
ΣAU (KW)
Cv (W/K)
Qt (W)
Top Floor
1.0297844
1.0297844
2397.091
225
21
-4
67504.711
Bottom Floor
1.0248563
1.0248563
2333.8373
300
21
-4
67482.619
Middle Floor
1.0337483
1.0337483
3306.3994
225
21
-4
91264.454
0.0245362 Internal Floor Material Conc Skim Floor Fin Screed
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
0.004
0.8
0.005
0.05
0.41
0.1219512
R-inf Concrete
0.5
1.13
0.4424779
Insulation
0.1
0.02
5
0.002
0.3
0.0066667
0.6
0.024
Vapour Control False Ceiling
U-value
25
R si
0.12
R so
0.06 0.1740817
External Wall Material
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
Re-inf Conc
0.2
0.41
Insulation
0.1
0.02
5
Plaster Board
0.012
0.16
0.075
Vapour Control
0.002
0.3
0.0066667
U-value
0.4878049
R si
0.12
R so
0.06 0.173929
HEATING & HEAT LOSSES INSERTION ELEMENTS
U-values - Office
Fabric Heat Loss - Offices
External Wall
top floor
Material
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
Reinforced Conc
0.2
1.13
0.17699115
Insulation
0.1
0.02
5
Plaster Board
0.012
0.16
0.075
Vapour Control
0.002
0.3
0.006666667
R si
0.12
R so
0.06
U-value
Material Bitumen Vapour Control Insulation Screed R-inf Concrete
Thickness (m)
Resistance (R) 0.5
0.04
0.002
0.3
0.006666667
0.2
0.02
10
0.05
0.41
0.12195122
0.3
1.13
0.265486726
R si
0.1
R so
0.04
Int Wall Adjoined Wall
U-value
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R) 0.8
0.005
0.05
0.41
0.12195122
R-inf Concrete
0.6
1.13
0.530973451
Insulation
0.3
0.02
15
0.002
0.3
0.006666667
Vapour Control R si
0.14
R so
0.04
cavity 90% Ag glass
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
6.7866139
0.033558055
2.1812736
Total (W)
U (W/m2K
804.82596
Top Floor
23757.00779
Bottom Floor
Middle Floor
22550.60818
21457.8012
Water Temperature (⁰C)
System temp Diff (Δt)
Room temp (⁰C)
Correction Factor at 55.5⁰C
U-value
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
26396.7
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
25056.2
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
23842.0
return
71 Length (m)
Output (W)
Output per m (W/m)
4
3556
889
75294.9
AU
0.183868894
8.3660347
Trench Heating
2.1812736 10.226523
15
0.186915888
2.8037383
Top Floor
26396.7
7
29.7
0.174015742
6.7866139
Bottom Floor
25056.2
7
28.2
0.063113019
4.1023463
Middle Floor
23842.0
7
26.8
Volume
195 Area
Total (W)
758.26366
Zehnder - Terraline Unit Dimensions:
AU
0.183868894
8.3660347
65
0.033558055
2.1812736
13.5
0.757520239
Radiator Sizing - Insertion
2.8037383
Room
Room heat loss (W)
Water Temperature (⁰C)
System temp Diff (Δt)
Room temp (⁰C)
Correction Factor at 55.5⁰C
39
0.174015742
6.7866139
Int Floor
65
0.033558055
2.1812736
Top Floor
67505
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
75005.2
ΣA (m2)
243
return
71
Volume
195
flow
82
0.9
74980.7
return
71
flow
82
0.9
101404.9
return
71
Total (W)
716.00006
Bottom Floor
12.5L/s per person
1.05
0.005714286
403.2
67483
V (m3)
14
L/h
Middle Floor
91264
m3/h N (/h)
195
2.0676923
Trench Heating
134.4 ΣAU (KW)
R
84.4
21
84.3
101404.9
29
114.1
804.825955
0.1
0.933305 1.01177 Bottom Floor
0.1
0.940578
1.010486
0.05
0.41
0.12195122
Middle Floor
134.4
243
716.000062
0.1
0.947278
1.009304
Thickness (m)
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
R-inf Concrete
0.2
1.13
0.17699115
Stone
0.5
1.3
0.384615385
0.004
0.8
0.005
0.1
0.02
U-value
Zehnder - Terraline
Cv (W/K)
F2cu
ΣAU (KW)
Top Floor
1.011769645
1.0117696
804.825955
134.4
21
-4
23757.00779
Bottom Floor
1.010486219
1.0104862
758.263661
134.4
21
-4
22550.60818
Middle Floor
1.00930384
1.0093038
716.000062 21 Radiator134.4 Sizing - Existing
-4
21457.8012
F1cu
0.03356
Middle Floor
Unit Dimensions:
Worst Case Scenario Heat Losses
Adjoined Wall
889 21
243
758.263661
0.14
3556
74980.7
134.4
243
R so
4
75005.2
Top Floor
134.4
0.005
Output per m (W/m)
Top Floor F1cu F2cu
Bottom Floor
29.16666667
Output (W)
Total Length (m)
0.265486726
0.8
Length (m)
No
1.13
0.024
21
Total Output (W)
Correction Factor ΣA (m2)
55.5
251390.9
Cv (W/K)
0.3
0.7
Zehnder55.5 Terraline Trench Heating 21
Corrected Output (W)
No People
L/h/person
Cv (W/K)
0.004
3556
10.226523
0.006
U-value
Width = 210mm
0.186915888
403200
Resistance (R)
Per Radiator (W/m)
15
1.128668172
Conductivity (K)
Depth = 180mm
Int Wall Adjoined Wall
0.01772
Thickness (m)
U (W/m2K 45.5
Glazing
U-value
Total Length (m)
0.033558055
65
Int Floor
No
0.757520239
243
Walls
Total Output (W)
65
ΣA (m2)
Surface
Corrected Output (W)
13.5
39
0.02
0.1
Insulation
0.174015742
45.5
28800
R si
Conc Skim Floor Fin
39
Area
Bottom Floor
0.75752
Material
Surface
Int Wall Adjoined Wall
Internal Floor
False Ceiling
2.8037383
195
0.005714286
0.06
Conc Skim Floor Fin
0.186915888
Volume
1.05
R so
Screed
10.226523
15
65
0.006
0.12
R-inf Concrete
6.2188142
Room heat loss (W)
Air Changes
R si
Material
0.095674065 0.757520239
243
Glazing
0.06311
glass
8.3660347
65
ΣA (m2)
Int Floor
Glazing Material
0.183868894
Room
middle floor
0.004
Screed
AU
13.5
Int Floor
Walls
0.09567
Conc Skim Floor Fin
45.5
Glazing
Ground Floor Material
Walls
U (W/m2K
bottom floor
Conductivity (K)
0.02
Area
Roof
0.18387 Roof
Surface
Radiator Sizing - Office
tc(⁰C)
tao(⁰C)
Qt (W)
Room
Room heat loss (W)
Top Floor
75647.75057
Depth = 180mm
Per Radiator (W/m)
Width = 210mm
3556
Water Temperature (⁰C)
System temp Diff (Δt)
Room temp (⁰C)
Correction Factor at 55.5⁰C
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
Corrected Output (W) 84053.1
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
27415.6
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
24826.0
return
71 Length (m)
Output (W)
Output per m (W/m)
4
3556
889
5
R si
0.12
R so
0.06
Bottom Floor
24674.04258
0.17402 Internal Wall Material Insulation
Thickness (m)
Middle Floor
Conductivity (K)
Resistance (R)
0.1
0.02
5
Plywood
0.014
0.14
0.1
Conc Skim Floor Fin
0.004
0.8
0.005
Conc Skim Floor Fin
0.004
0.8
0.005
R si
0.12
R so
0.12
24826.04798
U-value
136294.7 Trench Heating
No
Total Length (m)
HEATING & HEAT LOSSES NEW OFFICES Top Floor
0.18692
Total Output (W)
94.5
84053.1
24
Bottom Floor
27415.6
8
30.8
Middle Floor
24826.0
7
27.9
Zehnder - Terraline Unit Dimensions:
Depth = 180mm
Per Radiator (W/m)
Radiator Sizing - Office
Boiler Size
Room
Room heat loss (W)
Top Floor
23757.00779
Bottom Floor
Middle Floor
22550.60818
21457.8012
Water Temperature (⁰C)
System temp Diff (Δt)
Room temp (⁰C)
Correction Factor at 55.5⁰C
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
return
71
flow
82
return
71
flow
82
return
71
Corrected Output (W)
55.5
21
0.9
25056.2
55.5
21
0.9
23842.0 75294.9
Trench Heating
Length (m)
Output (W)
Output per m (W/m)
4
3556
889
Total Output (kW)
26396.7
Total Output (W)
No
Total Length (m)
Top Floor
26396.7
7
29.7
Bottom Floor
25056.2
7
28.2
Middle Floor
23842.0
7
26.8
Diversity Factor: Group of buildings dissimilar uses.
Winter:
563.0
0.7
Summer
100
0.7
3 boilers
Winter Summer
Model
No
Output (kW)
Efficiency %
Ideal IMAX XTRA 560 Ideal IMAX XTRA 120
2 1
118.3 - 581.8 25.6-123.4
95.18 95.13
Ideal IMAX XTRA 560 Boiler
Zehnder - Terraline Unit Dimensions:
Depth = 180mm
Per Radiator (W/m)
Width = 210mm
3556
Radiator Sizing - Insertion Room
Room heat loss (W)
Water Temperature (⁰C)
System temp Diff (Δt)
Room temp (⁰C)
Correction Factor at 55.5⁰C
Top Floor
67505
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
75005.2
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
74980.7
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
101404.9
return
71 Length (m)
Output (W)
Output per m (W/m)
4
3556
889
Bottom Floor
Middle Floor
67483
91264
Corrected Output (W)
251390.9 Trench Heating
Total Output (W)
No
Total Length (m)
Top Floor
75005.2
21
84.4
Bottom Floor
74980.7
21
84.3
Middle Floor
101404.9
29
114.1
Zehnder - Terraline Unit Dimensions:
Depth = 180mm
Per Radiator (W/m)
Width = 210mm
3556
Radiator Sizing - Existing Room
Room heat loss (W)
Top Floor
75647.75057
Bottom Floor
Middle Floor
24674.04258
24826.04798
Water Temperature (⁰C)
System temp Diff (Δt)
Room temp (⁰C)
Correction Factor at 55.5⁰C
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
84053.1
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
27415.6
return
71
flow
82
55.5
21
0.9
24826.0
return
71 Length (m)
Output (W)
Output per m (W/m)
4
3556
889
The maximum values for the heat losses were taken to ensure the boiler can cope with the worst case scenario. A total of three boilers were chosen. Two larger boilers are to run in parallel during the winter both just under 50%. This ensures that if one boiler goes down the other can take up the load. The two boilers can also be used when quick heat up times are required. The third boiler is to be used in the summer when the load is less.
Corrected Output (W)
136294.7 Trench Heating
Total Output (W)
No
Total Length (m)
Top Floor
84053.1
24
94.5
Bottom Floor
27415.6
8
30.8
Middle Floor
24826.0
7
27.9
Zehnder - Terraline Unit Dimensions:
Depth = 180mm
Per Radiator (W/m)
Width = 210mm
3556
BOILER SIZING
To design a healthy workplace for ICD I first researched what a healthy workplace meant and how I could integrate these ideas into a clear coherent design for working offices. The massing of the buildings came about partly from looking at the circulation around the site and partly from the environmental aspects such as noise coming from the M32 and the orientation of the site. The buildings are positioned around a central green space. This green space makes the site feel large and allows for escape whilst still inside the site.
PROJECT E3
Brief For project E3 the basic task of the brief was to design an office complex called Easton Works for a Bristol based development company called ICD. This office complex is to house offices for 5 start-up businesses. ICD want a development that won’t lose value overtime, so it needs to be easy to maintain, adaptable and energy efficient. However, as the brief states: “As a developer, the company is working in a competitive market and so demand that its buildings are designed for economical construction and in order to offer affordable rents that are attractive to potential tenants.” The site is to be mixed use complex yet have continuity through complimentary activities. These activities also have to reflect the area surrounding the site in its diversity and culture whilst adding to it. The ideology for the offices is to be leading sustainability and healthy workplace. Healthy workplace has to tie into the whole site, this means that all the uses for the buildings around the site relate to a larger picture. “ICD’s expectation is that the completed project will offer an environment, which is a pleasure to work in and visit and believe that enjoyable workplaces not only support the wellbeing of workers but increases motivation, productivity and is financially advantageous. There is therefore scope for designing in ‘play space’.”
THE BRIEF
The Companies The largest proportion will be taken up as graphic design, or other design based, offices. These offices are to be made up of two companies, one very small start-up business and one area for a larger business to expand into. The smaller design office will be on a short lease, low rent system to get a business started and then to move out of this office as they expand. The larger office is to be a permanent office for a company that has already ‘started-up’ elsewhere in Bristol. There is also to be an office in the same block for ICD to house their business enterprise advisor. The next set of businesses are housed in eight art studios. Ideally two to four of these studios are to be used by the companies based in the offices for use for production of their products or creative meeting rooms. The others will be for local artists who need a space to produce their work. The two ground floor studios will have fronts that open up so that larger pieces of work can be taken in and out of them easily. This would be applicable for use by artist specialising in sculptures. These could then be exhibited in the courtyard space in the centre of the site. There will be two start-up companies needed to run the sport facilities on the site; one business to run the onsite skatepark, and one for the squash courts. The company to run the skatepark will be based in the entrance to the skatepark which will run alongside a café and restaurant. This could be run by a single company but would most likely by two companies working closely together. The company to run the squash quarts won’t be housed onsite as this won’t need to be a very hands on business as there would only have to be one person at the office reception desk to monitor users and to perform duties occasionally such as cleaning and maintenance. There is also to be a cycle shop and repair centre in the same part of the building as the café and skatepark. These three spaces have been designed to overlap to bring each of these elements more footfall and create a more vibrant atmosphere in the building. The cycle surgery will be separated from the café because it may not be seen as the most hygienic combination. However the cycle showrooms will merge into the café and restaurant over three floors. The cycle store will also stock products that can be used to fix gear used in the skatepark such as skateboard, bmx and scooter parts. The last company is to run the two screen cinema. They will be based in the same block as the café, cycle shop and the skate park entrance. This could be run by a team of university graduates from film or media based courses. The cinema could then show films from this team and their university peers, promoting local talent, or more unknown or obscure films as well as more publically commercial films.
ACTIVITIES
SITE ANALYSIS
Sketch Models
To reduce the noise into the site the offices act as an acoustic barrier to the M32. The access corridors into the centre of the site are intentionally kept narrow to avoid excessive noise into the centre. The routes into the site follow the same flow as the initial sketch model. This was in response to the circulation routes in and around the site. To maximise the sun into the centre of the site the buildings on the south end are kept low and are built into the ground. Towards the north of the site the buildings rise up to five levels. The area surrounding the site is not aesthetically pleasing. In reaction to this the views from the spaces inside the buildings all look into the site with circulation often round the perimeter side of the buildings. The centre is intentionally kept large and is to be a green planted area that can be utilised for open air events and feel almost like an amphitheatre. The inward facing aspect of the site also minimises problems with overlooking the nearby houses.
SITE STRATEGY
What is a Healthy Workplace
Google Offices
Healthy Worplace in Easton Works
A healthy workplace is an idea that a change in the way offices
The offices are to be used by creative thinking companies, for
work the staff can be a lot happier, productive and healthier,
this reason the site is designed to inspire and, whilst not forcing
mentally, physically and socially. Mental health of employees
workers away from the familiarity of a conventional office, allow
could be improved by making the office a more intriguing,
employees to make decision over who they work with and where
interesting and fun place to be. Trying to cut down stress is
they work. This would work like hot-desking but there will be
another area that will improve the mental health of employees.
more desks and workspaces in the office than number of workers
Physical health could be improved by implementing smoke-free
meaning that you could move your workstation from time to
encouragement, healthy food consumption, and active transport
time. This is promoted by running the circulation routes partly
to work, doing sport in their lunch breaks or even promoting the
through the edge of each office to get to one above. This allows
use of the stairs rather than the lift. Employees will feel much
all employees to see their colleagues multiple times every day.
more socially well if there is a good friendship and dynamic
This should allow the workers to know each other better. The
between colleagues. This can often be implemented by team
different offices will also have different facilities, such as one
building activities; this could be something as simple as going for
better for printing or better for computer graphics for web design,
lunch as a big group.
depending on the company based in the office. This would mean
1.
that as a project progressed they might have to move from area to area. This promotes a socially healthy workplace.
A healthy workplace often has a good work to life balance, either making work interesting and fun to make work where employees want to be, and therefore not seen in the traditional sense of
Another part of the healthy workplace scheme is to allow areas of
work. This work to life ratio is also improved be making lots of
‘escape’ in the site. This means that when on breaks they can leave
little planned break times and finishing the day and not having to
the office and not feel like they are at work anymore. This is partly
think about work until the next day.
achieved by having a large landscaped open centre to the site,
4.
with the feeling of park. This will help improve mental health but Employees working under healthy workplace schemes are said to work as much as three times more efficient than before a specific
Adobe Offices
also physical health because of the intake of fresh air. Other forms of ‘escape’ on the site are the cinema and the skatepark.
healthy workplace scheme was implemented. Thriving companies such as Google and Adobe have healthy workplace schemes and
The skatepark is a complete contrast to the traditional office and
partly as a result of this they have a very inspired and creative
has the effect of adding a physical health incentive to have a go
range of products and services.
at using in or to use it as a form of escape by watching the tricks that the users do. The skatepark can be seen when walking up
1.
Office
Squash Complex
2.
Landscaped Area
A popular way to encourage a healthy workplace is to run the
the stairs from offices on the first floor to the third floor and also
office in a non-traditional way by combining work and play of
through the southerly window. However one area I would like to
furnishing the office with unusual, for offices, replacements for
improve is to integrate the skatepark more into the floor plates of
Resturant
desks, such as a playground of park benches.
the offices, with more views between the two spaces.
Cycle Store
3. Cafe
Skatepark Entrance.
The café and restaurant will promote healthy eating for lunches for the office workers and also the users of the skatepark and the
4.
Cinema
Easton community. This mixing pot of people should create a vibrant diverse feeling once the café is established. These diverse collections of people are also more likely to use the other facilities in the site like the green park like area and the cinema. Adding to the aspect of onsite ‘escape’.
HEALTHY WORKPLACE
From Looking at the area around the Easton Works site there is a diverse range of sporting facilities. The closest are a Women’s Kickboxing Centre and Bristol Hawks Gymnastics Club, both within a five minute walk. The other sporting facilities, shown on the basic map are within a ten minute walk from the site. To add to this network Easton Works is proposed to contain a small centre for squash and a skatepark which can be used in any weather due to being partly indoor and partly open air. The Easton and Stapleton Road area will benefit from the addition of a skatepark as it will act as a hub for young people, bringing the young community together. Bristol is one of the best cities for squash in the UK and the addition of the quarts in this area of Bristol will add another area to practice squash in, bridging the gap between the city centre and UWE. These facilities are also a major part of the healthy workplace scheme as they give the office users accessible activities that can break up the working day or be an escape from the office and add team dynamic with organised sports events and exercises.
SPORTS NETWORK
This page shows some of the thinking behind the final scheme for Easton Works. These sketches and diagrams were taken from my sketchbooks and loose rough working sheets and show work from varying stages through the design process. The spider diagram on the top left of the sheet is my very initial thoughts on the site and the brief. It shows my ideas on how I could make the project a healthy workplace, the concerns that I had of the site and what I thought of as the key aspects of the site. A lot of the points have followed through into the final proposal. The spider diagram below it shows what each area of the buildings needed for their specific uses. Once the initial massing of the buildings were designed this allowed me to easily map out each section and quickly change any massing to fit its uses. The sketches along the top edge of the page show the key progression of the spaces. These include the first thoughts of solar protection for the offices when then developed into balconies and also the first idea of splitting the office floor plate to incorporate another use, which later became a skatepark, this then evolved into a full loop. This Sheet also contains sketch ideas for cleaning air for natural ventilation from the M32 side, however once calculated it was deemed that the air quality improvements were not high enough.
DEVELOPMENT
This sheet shows some of the thinking behind the final scheme for Easton Works. These sketches and diagrams were taken from my sketchbooks and loose rough working sheets and show work from varying stages through the design process. One of the most important progressions at the early stages of the project is show in the top left. This is where I took the form developed using sketch models to fit the site; the final proposal massing can be read in purple from the results of this sketch. In the bottom left corner my thoughts after the initial site visit can be seen, this helped to inform the choices throughout the design process. E.g. The need for acoustic protection is stated and this informed the office shape and shape. In the centre of the page are my ideas for the central area of the site. This is one area that I would like to continue researching and designing as I feel like it could have much more use than it does in the final proposal. These uses could include the addition of more sporting facilities such as a small cycle track, one of the ideas on the sheet, or a music and arts venue, even as simple as a bandstand. On the right of the page are sketches and drawing for the offices. In these there can be seen different ideas for the ventilation strategy, thoughts about staircases and circulation and drawings showing the structural layout.
DEVELOPMENT
Re Hawk Elementary School – RB+B Architects
Dutch Embassy – Berlin – OMA
MINIOFT – Matthew Griffin
The use of the Nichiha Illumination Series rain screen cladding gives this building a vibrant and striking look. This could be used in Easton Works to mirror the vibrant culture of the area.
The use of fully glazed facades creates a bright interior to the Embassy. It also has circulation around the outside of the building with the offices in the core. It would be a bold statement to place a fully glazed building on the Easton Works site and would need more solar protection than the Dutch Embassy for it to work.
The interior of the INILOFT is minimal and sometimes bare yet still has a warm friendly feel to it. This is achieved from the used of high quality materials. This is the same feel and ideas to be used to construct the Easton Works site. The interior will be very similar.
This is to be used to bookend the office blocks when seen from the M32. It will surround the escape stair wells, WCs and Staff Kitchens and slightly protrude out from the glazed facades to highlight its presence.
The offices are to have similar aspects to this building. The double faced is very similar to the circulation around this building. The offices are almost fully glazed and to combat the solar gains balconies and double prismic glass is used.
MATERIALS PRECEDENTS
GSW HQ – Sauerbruch Hutton
Byker Wall – Ralph Eriskin
Pixel Office Building – JEMS Architekci
World Village of Women Sports – BIG Architects
GSW HQ uses very similar ventilation and thermal mass strategy as proposed for Easton Works.
Like the proposal for Easton Works the WVWS has a ‘soft’ centre. This creates a an internal facing enclosed safe feeling centre. The buildings around the perimeter are also a buffer for noise, creating a quieter centre.
Fresh air enters the building on the south façade and exits through the north façade through trickle vents at the head and jamb of the windows and doors in the summer.
The planting in and around the site creates a green pocket in the city. On the Easton Works site this will link green areas in Bristol like Eastville Park and the small green corridor to the south of the site along the M32.
Air exits into a double façade and out of the top. The double façade in the Easton Works proposal stops excessive noise ingress to the offices from the M32 and is an integral part of the ventilation system.
The strategy of the housing development is to turn its back on the busy ring road to the edge of the site. This is very applicable to the Easton Works site. Like the Byker development the proposal faces inwards. Instead of a hard wall with few openings facing the noise I am proposing a double façade to minimise noise ingress.
This building is part of a large business park. The façades looking into the site having large expanses of glazing and some have balcony areas. This creates an escape for the workers in the offices and blurs the boundaries between inside and out. This is what is proposed for the Easton Works site and through the use of these techniques will have a similar feel. The idea of two stairs running either side of a central core is also an idea to pursue.
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRECEDENTS
FINAL MODEL
FINAL MODEL
Level -1
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Squash Complex Cirulation Cinema Cycle Centre_Leavel 0 Cafe / Resaurant Art Studio Office Atrium Skatepark Roof
Level 3
Level 4
Roof Plan
3D DIAGRAMS
ATMOSPHERIC SECTION
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Squash Quart Spectator Seating Spectator Bench Services Core Lift Shaft Access Stair Female WC and Shower Room Male WC and Shower Room Escape Stair Cinema Access Stair Cinema Access Lift Cinema Storage
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LEVEL -1 SCALE 1:200
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Stapleton Road Entrance Cafe Cycle Shop Show Area Skatepark and Restaurant Access Stair Skatepark and Restaurant Access Lift Art Studio WC Art Studio Lift Art Studio Stair Art Studio Cafe WC Cycle Store and Repair Centre Cinema Access Stair Cinema Reception Desk Cinema Acess Lift Office WC Office Kitchen Office Escape Stair Office Tennent One Office Stair and Double Facade Squash Quart Stair Office and Squash Quart Lift
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Office Reception Office Entrance Office Tennant Two Cinema Bar Cinema Screen One Cinema Screen Two Landscaped ‘Soft’ Centre Original Walkway and Cycle Path New Cycle Path Entrance Ralph Road Entrance M32
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LEVEL 0 SCALE 1:400
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Skatepark Cafe and Restaurant Cycle Shop Show Area Skatepark Access Stair Skatepark Access Lift Art Studio WC Art Studio Lift Art Studio Stair Art Studio Cafe and Restauant WC Cycle Store Main Show Area Office WC Office Kitchen Office Escape Stair Office Balcony Office Main Tennent Office Entrance Office Stair and Double Facade Stair to Office Above Office Linking Wakway Office Lift Atrium Double Facade Cinema Projector Room Cinema Screen
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LEVEL 1 SCALE 1:200
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Skatepark Cafe and Restaurant Skatepark Access Stair Skatepark Access Lift Art Studio Lift Art Studio Stair Skatepark Undercover Skatepark Outdoor Office Escape Stair Office Access and Skatepark Viewing Area Office Stair and Double Facade Office Lift Atrium Double Facade
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LEVEL 2 SCALE 1:200
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Art Studio WC Art Studio Lift Art Studio Stair Art Studio Office WC Office Kitchen Office Escape Stair Office Balcony Office Main Tennent Office Entrance Office Stair and Double Facade Stair to Office Above Office Linking Wakway Office Lift Atrium Double Facade
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LEVEL 3 SCALE 1:200
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Art Studio WC Art Studio Lift Art Studio Stair Art Studio Office WC Office Kitchen Office Escape Stair Office Balcony Office Main Tennent Office Entrance Office Stair and Double Facade Stair to Office Above Office Linking Wakway Office Lift Atrium Double Facade
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LEVEL 4 SCALE 1:200
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Cafe, Restaurant and Cycle Centre Block Art Studio Block Skatepark Office Block Stapleton Road Existing Cycle Path and Walkway Ralph Road M32
ROOF PLAN SCALE 1:500
Floor Slab
250mm
Column 600x600mm Beam 280x250mm
The Easton Works site is to be constructed out of reinforced in-situ concrete. The office block uses beams and columns, shown below, whereas the rest of the site utilises load bearing concrete walls and waffle slabs. The surface of the concrete will have a wood pattern imprint from the form work that is to be reused throughout the construction. The exterior of the concrete will mostly be left bare. In certain places be clad with either wooded panels or rain screen cladding.
The entire frame is to be constructed using reinforced in-situ concrete, including the skatepark. The concrete will mostly be left bare or skimmed so the offices will have continuity through the materials. The end cores are to be clad with Niichiha Illumination series rain screen cladding that will create a bright book end effect to the block when seen from the M32. The north east and south west facades will be glazing with balconies in the SW and a double faรงade on the NE. When seen from the M32 the structure will be able to be read but will be slightly obscured by the reflections on the double faรงade and will constantly change with varying lighting conditions. This should give the building some intrigue and make onlookers want to find out more. The two lift cores and central atrium split the office floor plate. The different sides of the office can be accessed via a walkway at the front of the atrium with views into the atrium.
STRUCTURAL STRATEGY
STAIR SECTION
NORTH ELEVATION
SCALE 1:200
Cinema
Walkway
Office
Walkway
Cafe
Restaurant
Cycle Centre Skatepark
Walkway
INTERNAL ELEVATIONS SCALE 1:500
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Skimmed Concrete Finish 15mm Reinforced Concrete Column 600x600mm Luminaire - End Cable Through Slab Only Glazed Aluminium Door Unit Aluminium Railing with Glazing h=1100mm Insulation Board 120-150mm Skimmed Concrete Finish 40mm Reinforced Concrete Floor Slab 250mm Vapour Control Layer Wooden Deck 40mm Raised Ceramic Floor Tile 180mm Trench Heater 210x180mm
DETAIL SECTION
SCALE 1:50
The building services engineering was used throughout the design process to inform design elements such as the glazing, the shapes of the buildings and spaces allocated to services. Engineering was undertaken throughout the design in a rough, in sketch book. However for the purpose of the portfolio only the engineering for the offices has been taken to show the range of engineering undertaken to inform the final proposal.
As the engineering shown is only for the offices only a snapshot of the site will be shown as above. In each section this plan will be included where necessary with only the relevant information on it. This plan will also be shown at the end of the engineering section to show the building with all the integrated services. These plans will not be to scale and have been rotated to better fit the page they are to be shown on. Reading these plans with the design plans will give context and orientation.
ENGINEERING E3
During the summer the stack ventilation through the double faรงade will be the sole system for passive ventilation. The calculation above shows that during the summer the volumetric flow rate with all the openings and vents fully open is high so that it can be used to purge the offices if needed. However the openings can be manually adjusted to achieve the required comfort conditions of the occupants. During the winter the stack effect will not have the desired effect so the required ventilation will occur via a single sided scheme. As the incoming air will not be heated the additional winter boiler can be used to counteract these heat losses. The trench heating placed under the glazing and vents will help to warm the incoming air and help to maintain the desired circulation through the room.
NATURAL VENTILATION
The ventilation unit is to be positioned on the roof of the building with an arm to each side to feed the toilet blocks. the toilet blocks are positioned either side of the offices. the fan is over sized to cope with future changes to the ventilation system.
The ducting runs in two services risers at each end of the building and feeds two vents in each WC.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
To minimise the solar gain in the offices the floor plate extends 2.8m to block the majority of direct peak summer sun. This not only reduces the heat gains but also can be used as a balcony to add the healthy workplace ideology. Due to the large expanses of south west glazing a special double prismic coating has to be applied to the glass, even with the extended floor plates.
On the north east the glazed double faรงade lets in light while acting as an acoustic barrio, stair well and stack effect ventilation scheme.
The daylight factor aimed for was to the higher values required in BS8205 part 2. This again fits in with the healthy workplace ethos desired.
Due to the extent of glazing no artificial lighting is needed during daylight hours. However if the system was to be redesigned a more adaptable method would be used. This could be a shorter balcony with brise soleil that reflects light up to the ceiling of the offices, possibly creating a more evenly lit space
Typical Sections
NATURAL LIGHTING
Zumtbobel Copa Luminaire
The luminaires in the atrium have been chosen to light the space from height to visually emphasise the height of the space.
Each floor plate will have the same lighting layout. This will make it easier to fit them as there will not be need for multiple documents. Like luminaires have been used where possible to keep the lighting design simple the luminaires in the offices are also used in the stairwells. The luminaires used in the kitchens and WC’s are used as they create a softer light and are compact and ‘cleaner’ as they are ceiling mounted and not pendants.
LIGHTING LAYOUT
Zumtobel Orea Luminaire The office and office corridors will be lit with the Zumtobel Orea luminaire. This was chosen as it sheds an even soft light over the room. If the lighting was to be done again a more efficient luminaire layout would be created, to reflect the trench heating layout below it.
The cabling is designed to run along the ceiling with the rows of luminaires. And at the end of each row go through the floor plate. The cabling will then run under the raised floor to the risers either side of the lift cores. This will create a tidy finish to the rows. However it may cause problems in installation and maintenance yet it will create a clean look that fits the aesthetics of the rest of the room.
OFFICE LIGHTING
Zumtbobel Ondaria Luminaire
Zumtbobel Orea Luminaire
TOILET, KITCHEN & DOUBLE FACADE LIGHTING
U-VALUES
The maximum values for the heat losses were taken to ensure the boiler can cope with the worst case scenario. A total of three boilers were chosen. Two larger boilers are to run in parallel during the winter both just under 50%. This ensures that if one boiler goes down the other can take up the load. The two boilers can also be used when quick heat up times are required. The third boiler is to be used in the summer when the load is less.
Zehnder Terraline trench heating
Ideal IMAX XTRA 400
HEATING & HEAT LOSSES
BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL SECTION