THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE FONG SAM ZUNG, JOEY ARCH3079 DESIGN5 STUDIO MIHO HIRABAYASHI SEMESTER1, 2022-2023
3035792195
OVERVIEW
By challenging the current public school built environment in Hong Kong, the studio was closely addressing context as the environment and examine how building envelops respond to the climate and spatial conditions for human actives / program and vice versa – building envelop to mediate inside and outside.
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03
PRECEDENT STUDY
Context
Organisation Threshold Details Construction
CONTEXT ANALYSIS Site: Belilios Public School Site Spatial Analysis Site Climate Analysis
Background
Spatial
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CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
Serrated Facade Concept2: Double Skin Facade Iterations & Explorations Material Research
DESIGN PROPOSAL P.10 P.22 P.30 P.42 00 CONTENT
Concept1:
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PRECEDENT STUDY
By investigating case study school in Germany, I identified the categorised and developed various strategies, tools and mechanisms employed by the author. These strategies will be further applied in later design stages.
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CASE STUDY
School: Schäfersfeld Secondary School & Progymnasium
Architect: Behnisch & Partners
Location: Lorch, Germany
Year Completed: 1982
Behnisch & Partners had constructed a primary school in Lorch in 1960: the Stauferschule on the River Rems. One of its wings was heightened in 1992. The Progymasium auf dem Schäfersfeld was built in 1973. Three years later a sports hall was constructed and in 1982 the Hauptschule (Secondary School) was erected. This unusual continuity reveals the trust the town of Lorch maintained in the architects. The school and sports areas lie on a hill. They dominate the town and the Rems valley towards the south and are surrounded by grazing areas for sheep and wooded slopes towards the north. The three buildings on the site were connected to each other by a park with undulating landscape, large stones, trees and shrubs. The fields, covered in daisies, invited people to rest.
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TOPOGRAPHY
1:2000 Site Plan
The school and sports areas lie on a hill. They dominate the town and the Rems valley towards the south and are surrounded by grazing areas for sheep and wooded slopes towards the north. The three buildings on the site were connected to each other by a park with undulating landscape, large stones, trees and shrubs. The fields, covered in daisies, invited people to rest.
SUNLIGHT ORIENTATION
1:2000 Site Plan
Located at 48.8N, 9.69E on the Northern Hemisphere, Lorch has large differences in sunrise and sunset times between summer and winter, as sun rises and sets at 5:47 and 21:58 in summer respectively and rises and sets at 8:41 and 16:56 respectively in winter.
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SCHAFERSFELD SECONDARY SCHOOL
The major learning spaces are arranged around a triangular atrium in a triangular geometric pattern, with the music room being located at the tip of the triangle to enjoy the best vistas to the town and Rems Valley and the most abundant sunlight. This presents a hierarchical spatial arrangement in which the music room has higher eminence than the other learning spaces (classrooms) of the schoo l.
15 1 TO 200 EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC DRAWING
Radial Spatial Arrangement Envelope Indoor Circulation Extruded space Vegetation Outdoor Circulation Contour Lines Skylight 1 TO 500 ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS
1 TO 50 PARTIAL MODEL SPATIAL ORGANISATION - LAYERING OF ENVELOPE
INNER WALLS ATRIUM FACADE
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SUMMER - MORNING (10AM)
SUMMER - MIDDAY (2PM)
SUNLIGHT THROUGH THRESHOLD STUDIES
SUMMER - EVENING (6PM)
WINTER - MORNING (10AM)
WINTER - MIDDAY (2PM)
WINTER - EVENING (6PM)
I beams
Fabric Curtain
Steel Truss
Brickwork, Scrambled concrete walls
Glass
Steel Frame
Wooden panels
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Numerous materials come together in the rooms: the dividing walls between the classes consist of brickwork or pastel-coloured, scrambled concrete and the walls towards the hall are wooden. The facades are glazed-in and the steel construction is visible everywhere. Small glass triangles were worked into the wooden doors, behind the aluminium door handles. This small geometric detail reflects the ground plan of the school.
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1 TO 15 SECTIONAL DETAIL DRAWING
CONTEXT ANALYSIS
After studying precedent school in German, I was given a local siteBelilios Public School, to apply my extracted strategy and typology. The site conditions, such as the existing structure, materials, programs, and environment performance, are analysed before the design stage.
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SITE: BELILIOS PUBLIC SCHOOL
@ 51 TIN HAU TEMPLE RD, NORTH POINT
After studying two schools in German, I was given a local site - Belilios Public School, to apply my extracted strategy and typology. The site conditions, such as the existing structure, materials, programs, and environment performance, are analysed before the design stage.
URBAN MICRO-CLIMATE ANALYSIS
The intention behind this analysis exercise is to make visible that which is unseen - and to give precise value to key environmental parameters acting on the site. Spot measurements are collected in an approximate grid framework, then created into the colour contour map.
AIR TEMPERACTURE (C)
25C in Wan Chai District
Scale 1:1000
From the site visit and data we collected, I found out that the temperature is quite high at the classroom and laboratory block. The whole building is so thin that sun can directly shine into the rooms, creating not only sharp shadows but also a hot indoor environment.
LIGHT EXPOSURE (LUX)
25C in Wan Chai District
Scale 1:1000
From the site visit and data we collected, it is realised most of the rooms have abundant sunlight that is required for learning, However, some special rooms, such as the laboratories, actually demand for a dark environment for experiments.
More datas are actually collected during the site visit, including 1. Air Temperature [°C] 2. Surface Temperature [°C] 3. Relative Humidity [%] 4. Wind-speed [m/s] 5. Sound [dB] 6. Light [lux] , in the morning, afternoon and night.
But here, only the relatively more important informations are shown.
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EASTERN FACADE COLLAGE 12PM AIR TEMPERATURE 12PM LIGHT EXPOSURE 10AM AIR TEMPERATURE 10AM LIGHT EXPOSURE
CLASSROOM
- Large in size
- Most clasrooms cluster at the same side of the whole school
- Regular box-like form
- Waist hieght windows that can look down to the playground
CORRIDOR
- One way without a loop
- Empty ground of carpark (no activities or facilities) at the right hand side
EASTERN FACADE
- Rigid and modular
- Reptition of form throughout the facade
- Facing the carpark which can potentially be a new gathering space
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SPATIAL ANALYSIS
DESIGN FOCUS
Design in later stage only focus on the classroom block + laboratories block, but not considering the Assembly hall block. However, the facade design is expected to mutate and apply on all over the school.
DESIGN RULE
It is expected to remain the major structures of the original school in the design stage, but the program organisation and the floor slab can be changed.
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1 TO 1000 SITE MODEL
STRUCTURAL MODEL
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
Two major spatial & enclosure prototypes are derived from previous stages: 1. Serrated Facade 2. Habitable In Between Space The concepts/ prototypes are adapted to the given site with a systemetic approach.
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PROCESS SKETCHES
1 TO 500 ITERATION MODELS
PROCESS SKETCHES
Sketches for brainstorming the relationship & negotation between two layers of facade and how they can create new learning spaces in the school.
1 TO 100 ITERATION MODELS
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PLANAR SKETCHES
1 TO 50 ITERATION MODELS
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1 TO 500 PARTI MODEL PLANAR
SECTIONAL DIAGRAMS
1
TO 200 ITERATION MODEL
DIAGRAMS
Timber - Potentials & Possibilities
1. Sustainability
Timber is a construction material that can store carbon dioxide and can achieve negative CO2 balance. Concrete and steel in comparison, hold many times that embodied energy of wood construction.
Timber is not onlt a renewable building material, but also helps to relieves the environmental by demanding less of fossil materials.
2. Efficiency
Building in wood saves about one third of the building time required by concrete construction. With prefabricated wood structures, it frees the construction process from the uncertainty of weather events.
Moreover, timber can be exposed as a sheet product made from original wood. It can be used only without any finishing.
Timber - Types
GluLam
- Strong
- Customizable
- Viable for long span structures
CLT
- Strong
- Customizable
- Can create concealed joints
- High costs
OSB
- Strong
- Environmentally friendly
- can be recycled after use
- Only Suitable for non- structural application
LSL
- High Strength
- Efficient use of forest resources
- High cost
- Very hard
PSL
- Strong resiliant to humid environments
- Resistant to bending
- Relatively expenisve
Plywood
- Wide range of usage
The combination of aesthetics and structural qualities in material provide wood with lots of potentials. As a natural material, wood provides people a sensory experience with distinctive qualities - warmth, tactility and smell.
Timber - Challenges in Hong Kong
Challenges in Hong Kong - Weather
Hong Kong Conditions:
- Humid Subtropical climate
- Hot summer
- Regular rainfall throughout the year
- Relatively expenisve
- Create more carbon footprint
41 40 MATERIAL
TIMBER
RESEARCH -
3. Aesthetics
DESIGN PROPOSAL
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Lateset design resolved in drawings and models, with amended version and reflections after final review.
1 TO 100 PLAN - 2F 1 TO 100 PLAN - 3F 1 TO 100 PLAN - 1F 1 TO 100 PLAN - GF
47 1 TO 50 SECTION DRAWING
1 TO 150 AXONOMETRIC DRAWING 1 TO 50 AXONOMETRIC DRAWING
51 1 TO 50 SECTION MODEL 1 TO 50 SECTION MODEL - DETAILS
52 1 TO 50 SECTION MODEL - DETAILS 1 TO 50 SECTION MODEL
RENDERED MOMENTS
REFLECTIONS AFTER FINAL REVIEW
- the overall spatial design has a good direction, but the resolution of the facade design is not enough
- The facade is now overall translucent which might be too monolithic it is reflected that there can be more mutations (e.g. transparent/ porousity) in response to the programme inside
- As a passive design to combat climate conditions, I can look at more passive design examples, as well as active stratgy (such as manual controllable facade)
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FONG SAM ZUNG, JOEY . ACADEMIC WORK . SEMESTER1, 2022-2023
