SUGAR
CRYSTALLIZATION DADM - Autumn Class 2016 - Tutur : Sema Alaรงam - Made By : John Bogren
PART 1: CRYSTAL ANALYSIS. THEORY OF FORMATION. The theory of how sugar crystals form is rather simple. By having a sollution that is “super saturated� with sugar will force crystals to form in any container. This provided an excellent base for iterative experimets as there were a few, clear variables that could be alternated: The container, the input shape, the sollution and the environment around the container.
SHAPE CLASSIFICATION. After an amount of crystals had been generated, some were chosen and studied in detail. There were some distinct features that were eligible for classification. The most important behaviour were the random rotation and intersection of the shapes. There was also a tendency for the sugar to form six sided shapes which might be caused from the shape of the sugar molecule.
(Above) Single crystal with 6 sides, macrophoto.
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(Below) Multiple crystals on each other, macrophoto.
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9 mm
14 mm
CRYSTAL GROWTH - STEP 1. The sollution needed to grow sugar crystals is very simple. Food coloring, water and sugar. The food coloring is not necessary but provides the crystals with clearer visuals.
Food coloring. 1/4 Water. 3/4 Sugar.
Container.
CRYSTAL GROWTH - STEP 2. To dissolve the sugar in the water, heat is needed. This is because water can contain more sugar at higher temperatures - becoming supersaturater. Saucepan for heating.
CRYSTAL GROWTH - STEP 3. After a couple of days, the sugar can no longer be contained in the water as it cools and evaporates. This forces the sugar to crystallize on any surface. In this example, the sugar attaches both to the stick and the sides of the cup. 4
Crystallization after 3-5 days. - CRYSTAL ANALYSIS -
Plastic cup.
MOLECULAR BONDING.
Day 1. To start with, the molecules are still able to be contained in the water and is not attached to any surface.
Day 3. After a while, the crystals starts to form and the crystal attracts more molecules, making it grow even more.
Day 5. In later stages, the water contains fewer sugar molecules since most of them have formed into crystals in the container.
SOFTWARE RESEARCH. JAM.d have earlier experimented with salt crystals. The shapes are cubes that are generated on a plane in a random fashion.
Quelea is a grasshopper addon for agent simulation, this was used in part 3 of this study as it made molecule simulation very simple to control.
- THEORY OF FORMATION -
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SINGLE CRYSTALS.
1 - Side.
2.
1 - Top.
3.
CRYSTAL GROUPS.
5.
7.
6.
8.
CRYSTALS CLUSTERS.
10.
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11.
- CRYSTAL ANALYSIS -
SINGLE CRYSTALS.
Large shape with six sides. Smaller, random shapes. 4.
CRYSTAL GROUPS.
Same shape, six sides, intersecting. Varying sizes.
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CRYSTALS CLUSTERS. Intersections create random shapes. Growth is concentrated to local clusters.
12. - SHAPE CLASSIFICATION -
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PART 2: GROWTH ANALYSIS. SHAPE ADAPTATION. Since the sugar clings on to any surface provided, shape adaptation trials were the natural next step. Shapes were cut out from erasers and as expected the sugar followed the shape. Though, some interesting features were recorded. The sugar had more “weight� towards the lower end of the shape, probably due to gravity pulling it down. Also, the shape is made more diffuse as the crystals intersects each other.
ALTERNATING CONDITIONS. Looking for other variables that might affect the crystallization process in an interesting way, the temperature around the container was changed as well as the amount of sugar in the sollution. That less sugar resulted in less crystals was not a surprise. However, that both a warm and cold temperature provided roughly the same result disproved the theory that more crystals forms as the water evaporates.
(Above) Simple shape of a house, Macrophoto.
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(Below) Simple shape of a heart, Macrophoto.
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SHAPE TEST 1.
Shape
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Same Shape grows in size. Faster growth downwards.
Growth/days
Final result
SHAPE TEST 2.
Shape
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Same Shape grows in size. Sugar merging in close spaces. Faster growth downwards. Growth/days 10
- GROWTH ANALYSIS -
Final result
SHAPE TEST 3.
Shape
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Same Shape grows in size. Faster growth downwards. Sugar merging in close spaces. Growth/days
Final result
SHAPE TEST 4.
Shape
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Same Shape grows in size.
Growth/days - SHAPE ADAPTATION -
Final result 11
GROWTH IN COLD ENVIRONMENT.
Shape
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
GROWTH IN WARM ENVIRONMENT.
Shape
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
GROWTH WITH LESS SUGAR AMMOUNT.
Shape
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Day 1
Day 2
- GROWTH ANALYSIS -
Day 3
Day 4
GROWTH IN COLD ENVIRONMENT. Placed in a colder environment (15°C) the growth was similar to the warmer one, except the speed and shape of the sugar crystal growth.
Fast initial growth. Chunks of more volume.
Growth /days
Final result
Growth /days
Final result
GROWTH IN WARM ENVIRONMENT. The sample was placed on a heater (50°C) for maximum water evaporation. The shape of the crystals have a distinct, conical shape, the volume is the same as the colder sample.
Slow initial growth. Even, conical shape.
GROWTH WITH LESS SUGAR AMMOUNT. With a light less suger percentage, the sollution was not supersaturated which contributed to a slower growth. At later stages the growth was faster.
Slower overall growth. Uneven growth. Growth /days
- ALTERNATING CONDITIONS -
Final result
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PART 3: CG SIMULATION. AGENT BASED BEHAVIOUR. Using the grasshopper extention “Quelea� the behaviour of it was possible to simulate the sugar molecules. Both growth over time and a specific time in the growth was able to be simulated. By simulating the crystallization in 3d, it is also possible to simulate a sollution in zero gravity. All in all, simulation is more flexible and faster than physical experiments.
SHAPE ATTRACTION. Providing the software with different input shapes resulted in intricate shapes that approximated the shapes. In conclusion, there is a number of possible implementations of this shape imitation. Facade systems, product design, interior design, jewlery or plan generation. Though, at this point, project specific adjustments will be needed to take the study futher.
(Above) Crystal simulation on shoe shape.
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(Below) Crystal simulation on cone shape.
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FLOCKING SIMULATION. Agent based flocking was the start of simulating molecules. Similarly to sugar molecules the agents are attracted to each other and forms larger shapes from individual particles.
Attraction
POINT ATTRACTION SIMULATION. Instead of being attracted to each other, these particles are attracted to points on a surface. They clump up into larger, random shapes. Gravity is added to emulate the larger lower shapes seen in the analysis. Attraction
SHAPE ATTRACTION SIMULATION. A shape becomes the host of the attraction points instead and after collision with the shape is added, the particles approximates the shape in a realistic fassion. As before, gravity is added to make the bottom shapes larger. Attraction + Separation 16
- CG SIMULATION -
FLOCKING SIMULATION.
+ Separation
+ Vector alignment
POINT ATTRACTION SIMULATION.
+ Separation
+ Gravity
SHAPE ATTRACTION SIMULATION.
+ Shape collision
+ Gravity - AGENT BASED BEHAVIOUR -
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SIMULATION WITH NO GRAVITY.
50 Agents
100 Agents
200 Agents
400 Agents
SIMULATION WITH 0.5 GRAVITY.
50 Agents
100 Agents
200 Agents
400 Agents
SIMULATION WITH 1.0 GRAVITY.
50 Agents 18
100 Agents
200 Agents
- CG SIMULATION -
400 Agents
ALTERNATING INPUT SHAPES.
Using a cone, the shape is fairly similar. The crystals are uniform and round.
Using the shape of a shoe, it is possible to see the next stage of the implementation
The cube becomes a bit more random, largely since some particles are trapped on top of the cube.
with crystal simulation, as the crystals approximates the shape with an
- SHAPE ATTRACTION -
A simple cylinder is uniformly distributed since the largest density of points is in the middle.
organic and random expression. More research is needed from this point.
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