Isle of dogs complex

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

R E G E N E R A T I N G

A S D A

S I T E

ISLE OF DOGS COMPLEX

TOWARDS A LIVEABLE COMMUNITY

PAKINAM EID JOHN SALAMA

ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AA SED MSc + MArch SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN 15/17

Refurbishing the City Part II TERM 2 Design Project

STUDENT NAMES: 1. Pakinam Eid. 2. John Salama.

SUBMISSION TITLE:

Isle of Dogs Complex.

PROJECT TUTOR:

Paula Cadima.

SUBMISSION DATE:

24/03/2016

DECLARATION:

“I certify that this piece of work is entirely my/ our own and that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of others is duly acknowledged.”

SIGNATURES: 24/03/2016

Pakinam Eid

John Salama

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Group would like to thank all the AA Sustainable Environmental Design teaching staff and especially our tutors Simos Yannas, Paula Cadima and Jorge Rodriguez for their support throughout the term. We would also like to extend our gratitude to all the visiting lecturers for their inspiring presentations. Special thanks are also attributed to Herman Calleja and Byron Mardas who were always available to help and answer all of our questions.

JOHN SALAMA would like to acknowledge the Architectural Association School of Architecture for the bursary he were awarded to attend the AA SED MArch Course 2015-2017.

SUMMARY This project will examine the ASDA Site, a supermarket in a unique position, located centrally within the Isle of Dogs, between the wide expanse of Mudchute Park and the residential and commercial developments surrounding Canary Wharf.

The 4.9 hectares site is currently occupied by an ASDA hypermarket, surface level car parking, a petrol filling station and a health centre.

In this project the team proposed a regenerated mixed use complex encompassing retail, residential, community and leisure facilities. The aim of this project is to apply the strategies learning from the term one case studies combined with the taught sustainable environmental fundamentals.

The project includes analysing the urban situation around the site through fieldwork, on site observations and simulations followed by a proposed design of a futuristic scenario of the site. The proposed complex is studied further to evaluate the building’s performance, including thermal comfort and ventilation studies, in order to propose methods for improving the comfort of the users.

The main goal of the proposed design is to achieve a scenario of a free running building that allows for very low energy loads and offers adaptive opportunities of visual and thermal comfort.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 0. Acknowledgements.

0. Summary.

1. Introduction......................................................................................... 08

5. Chapter 4: Indoor Studies................................................................... 40

2. Chapter 1: The Big Image................................................................... 10

5.1 Unit Design........................................................................... 42

2.1 Location................................................................................ 12

5.2 Design Principals.................................................................. 47

2.2 Climate................................................................................. 14

5.3 Indoor Comfort..................................................................... 48

2.3 Demography......................................................................... 18

3. Chapter 2: Pre Design Studies........................................................... 20

5.4 Day light analysis................................................................. 52 5.5 Base Case Comparison........................................................ 60

3.1 Research Question............................................................... 22

6. Chapter 5: Outdoor Studies................................................................ 62

3.2 Field Work........................................................................... 23

6.1 Design Principals.................................................................. 64

3.3 Surrounding projects............................................................ 24

6.2 Base Case Comparison........................................................ 66

3.4 Previous Project Findings..................................................... 26

7. Chapter 6: Conclusion “After all, is it feasible??�................................ 68

3.5 Base Case........................................................................... 30

7.1 Conclusion............................................................................ 69

4. Chapter 3: Master plan...................................................................... 32

8. Personal Outcome.............................................................................. 70

4.1 Form Generation.................................................................. 34

9. References......................................................................................... 73

4.2 Programme & Design Strategy............................................. 36

10. Appendices...................................................................................... 74

4.3 Base Case Comparison........................................................ 38

1. INTRODUCTION This booklet is the result of the second term’s team project that aimed to introduce the principles and tools of sustainable environmental design through a proposed unique design. The group focused on the ASDA site in the Isle of Dogs located the borough of Tower Hamlet.

The team’s aim for the ASDA site is to create an improved mixed use complex encompassing retail, residential, community and leisure facilities that will support the existing and growing population of the Isle of Dogs.

It is crucial that the redevelopment of the site takes full advantage of its location, transport facilities and the Mudchute Park & Farm view, connecting the users with the outdoor nature. Moreover the proposal must be fully integrated with the community and strive to achieve a livable society.

Finally the proposal ought to foresee the futuristic development currently undergoing in the area of Isle of Dogs.

A key objective is to provide a mix of residential types that will meet the needs of all sectors of the community. Also the use of upper floors above shops for residential purposes provides a mix of uses at the complex as well as reduces the need to travel. Canary Wharf, located to the north west of the site, is an important asset on the Isle of Dogs, however the redevelopment of the ASDA site as a mixed use complex will not be in competition with Canary Wharf. The aim is to set an example for housing projects that strive for a sustainable livable Isle of Dogs community. The design will provide an environment that is accessible and welcoming to all sectors of the community.

The site was recently bought by a Dubai based firm that proposed an 850 residential unit masterplan which was approved by the Council and is discussed in more detail later in this booklet. The goal of the team was to achieve a better environmentally performing masterplan and unit design to serve different users and strive for a free running building that allows for very low energy loads and offers adaptive opportunities of visual and thermal comfort.

SOLVE COMMUNITY PROBLEM

NATURE & OUTDOOR

FUTURISTIC DEVELOPMENT

SCALE & VALUE

CHAPTER I

THE BIG IMAGE

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

2.1 LOCATION Millwall Outer Dock

ASDA Petrol Station

Crossharbour Station

Figure 2.1.1 Map of Isle of Dogs

The chosen site, as identified on the map in figure 2.1.1, is located in a unique position, centrally within the Isle of Dogs, between the wide expanse of Mudchute Park and the residential and commercial developments surrounding Canary Wharf. To the west, Millwall Outer Dock provides a significant body of open water. The site has an area of 4.9 hectares and is currently occupied by an ASDA hypermarket, surface level car parking, a petrol filling station and a health centre. To the south is the 12 hectare Mudchute Park and Farm, which provides more than half the accessible open space on the Isle of Dogs. The Mudchute is designated as Metropolitan Open Land and is elevated above the surrounding land by approximately 3 metres. It contains a number of habitats including native trees and shrubs, hedges, grazed grasslands, paddocks, allotment gardens and farm animals. Within the site the landscape is dominated by the store, its car park and associated access roads. Moreover there are good views of Canary Wharf as shown in figure 2.1.2.

The existing ASDA store opened in 1983. In the past 20 years the Isle of Dogs has experienced substantial development, and further development is coming forward. Currently the Isle of Dogs lacks a central focus for the community. Other developments in the Isle of Dogs have potential, such as the Millennium Quarter; however the Asda site’s advantage is that the transport connections are already established and the site is unobstructed with a fabulos view over the park.

Figure 2.1 2. ASDA SITE

Mudchute Park

12

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

ASDA Parking

Health Centre

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

LOCATION: ACCESS TO THE SITE

Figure 2.1.3 ASDA SITE access

The site’s main access is from East Ferry Road, but there are pedestrian links from Mudchute Park to the south and from the residential area to the north and east via Glengall Grove.The pedestrian access to the site is currently via four routes: - A link to the residential area to the north; - On Glengall Grove; a footpath link to Mudchute Park; - A pelican crossing on East Ferry Road connecting to the Docklands Light Railway station; and - A footway along East Ferry Road connecting to the residential areas in the south.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

13

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

2.2 CLIMATE ANALYSIS: PRESENT CLIMATE

London, in specific Isle of Dogs, is characterized by its fairly cold climate and overcast sky, with modest daily temperatures during the summer reaching a maximum of 21 degrees, falling almost within the comfort band, and winter lows that seldom fall below freezing reaching a minimum of 3 degrees. (Figure 1.2.1 Isle of Dogs climate) Rainfall is fairly regular, occurring throughout the year while the prevailing wind in Isle of dogs is blowing from the South west. The figures 1.2.2-5 show the wind speeds seasonally.

Figure 2.2.1. Present Climate chart (source: Metenorm; Climate tool)

PREVAILING WIND 1st of Jan 1:00 - 31st of March 24:00 Location: London, Isle of Dogs Hourly Data: Wind Speed (m/s) Calm for 0.00% of the time = 0 hours Each close polyline shows frequency of 2% frequency = 43 hours

PREVAILING WIND 1st of March 1:00 - 30th of June 24:00 Location: London, Isle of Dogs Hourly Data: Wind Speed (m/s) Calm for 0.14% of the time = 4 hours Each close polyline shows frequency of 2% frequency = 58 hours

PREVAILING WIND 1st of June 1:00 - 30th of September 24:00 Location: London, Isle of Dogs Hourly Data: Wind Speed (m/s) Calm for 0.14% of the time = 4 hours Each close polyline shows frequency of 2% frequency = 58 hours

PREVAILING WIND 1st of September 1:00 - 31st of December 24:00 Location: London, Isle of Dogs Hourly Data: Wind Speed (m/s) Calm for 0.07% of the time = 2 hours Each close polyline shows frequency of 2% frequency = 58 hours

Figure 1.2.2 Wind-Rose (source: Grasshopper)

Figure 1.2.3 Wind-Rose (source: Grasshopper)

Figure 1.2.4 Wind-Rose (source: Grasshopper)

Figure 1.2.5. Wind-Rose (source: Grasshopper)

14

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

CLIMATE ANALYSIS: 2050 CLIMATE

The climate chart for 2050 Isle of Dogs (Figure 2.2.6) shows that the maximum temperature in summer can reach as high as 21°C and minimum can be as low as 11°C, whereas in winters the maximum is around 15°C and minimum around 3°C. We can observe that in the future the temperature is going to increase approximately by 2 °C in comparison with the present scenario.

The project is designed to cope with the increasing outdoor temperature while still maintaining a comfortable indoor temperatures.

Figure 1.2.6 Future Climate chart (source: Metenorm; Climate tool)

PREVAILING WIND 1st of Jan 1:00 - 31st of March 24:00 Location: London, Isle of Dogs Hourly Data: Wind Speed (m/s) Calm for 0.09% of the time = 2 hours Each close polyline shows frequency of 2% frequency = 43 hours

PREVAILING WIND 1st of March 1:00 - 30th of June 24:00 Location: London, Isle of Dogs Hourly Data: Wind Speed (m/s) Calm for 0.10% of the time = 3 hours Each close polyline shows frequency of 2% frequency = 58 hours

PREVAILING WIND 1st of June 1:00 - 30th of September 24:00 Location: London, Isle of Dogs Hourly Data: Wind Speed (m/s) Calm for 0.21% of the time = 9 hours Each close polyline shows frequency of 2% frequency = 58 hours

PREVAILING WIND 1st of September 1:00 - 31st of December 24:00 Location: London, Isle of Dogs Hourly Data: Wind Speed (m/s) Calm for 0.10% of the time = 3 hours Each close polyline shows frequency of 2% frequency = 58 hours

Figure 1.2.7 Wind-Rose (source: Grasshopper)

Figure 1.2.8 Wind-Rose (source: Grasshopper)

Figure 1.2.9 Wind-Rose (source: Grasshopper)

Figure 1.2.10 Wind-Rose (source: Grasshopper)

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

15

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

FLOODING RISK

THAMES BARRIER

SEA LEVEL RISES: 3MM PER YEAR

Figure 2.2.11 FLOOD RISK FROM RIVERS MAP (SOURCE: ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY)

2 M ABOVE RIVER LEVEL 3 M ABOVE SURROUNGING GROUNDS

NO FLOOD RISK UNTIL 2200!

Figure 2.2.12 map of site and surroundings showing levels

16

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

1.3. ISLE OF DOGS: HISTORY AND EVOLUTION Up to the early 1700s the Isle of Dogs, originally named of Stepney Marsh, was predominantly pasture land. It was protected from the high tides of the River Thames by a considerable wall of earth, stone, and rock. Windmills for grinding corn were built on the western side between 1680 and 1720, giving the area the name “Millwall” . At the end of the 18th century, the pressure of shipping in the old port of London was such that new dock facilities were needed. The West India and Millwall docks were constructed. The western foreshore of the Island was developed with shipyards, barge builders, mast makers and iron works. The Millwall Docks were opened in the centre of the Island in the 1860s to handle the imports of grain and timber. By the end of the 19th century the population was an impressive 21,000 and the entire foreshore was ringed with factories and workshops. In the twentieth century a settled working-class community lived on the Island in the streets of terraced houses crowded in amongst docks and factories. Second World War bombing raids destroyed many homes and scattered the population, but the community survived.

Figure 2.3.1. Past map of Isle of Dogs

Figure 2.3.3. Past picture of Docks and West Ferry circus

Figure 2.3.2. Present map of Isle of Dogs

New local authority housing replaced the old streets and in the 1960s there was still plenty of work in the docks and factories.

However the 1970s saw a general economic downturn. Factories closed or moved away in order to modernise and eventually the docks closed too. At this time the London Docklands Development Corporation was created, with a brief to attract investment capital into the area. The Isle of Dogs became an ‘Enterprise Zone’. Millions of square feet of new offices were built and the landscape was transformed as shining towers of glass and steel arose from the mud. The Docklands Light Railway opened in 1987, giving Islanders rapid transport into the City for the first time. By the year 2000 the Island had changed as radically as it had 200 years before with the building of the first docks. Today, this rapid transformation is evident in sites such as the Millennium Quarter. High density residential and office buildings are rapidly appearing creating a dynamic skyline.

Figure 2.3.3. Present picture of Docks and West Ferry circus

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

17

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

2.3 DEMOGRAPHY

- The growing population of canary wharf is a result of high Birth percentage that mainly happens in Isle of dogs.

- Most of the workers of Canary Wharf prefer to live in other borough.

POPULATION

MALES

2.5%

FEMALES

40%

Of London’s population Live in Tower Hamlet.

38%

Increase in males from 2001 to 2035.

Increase in females from 2001 to 2035.

- For the previously mentioned points, Investors find it harder to sell Residential units than Offices.

2001

2015

2035

MALE / FEMALE RATIO

2001

2015

2035

BIRTH / DEATH

2001

2015

2035

MIGRATION FLOW 10000 5000

0.1%

465%

Change in M/F percentage from 2001 to 2035.

The percentage of B/D in 2015.

0 1990 -5000

2000

2010

2020

2030

-10000 -15000 -20000 -25000 -30000

2001

2015

2035

FIG. 2.3.1 Showing Demography statistics (source: Council of Tower Hamlet).

18

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

2001

2015

2035

CANARY WHARF

LONDON

2040

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

OUTDOOR STUDIES

Part II

•

CONCLUSION

PAKINAM • JOHN

19

CHAPTER III

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

3.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS DENSITY

FEASIBILITY

ARE WE A TALL BUILDING??

DOES BEING ENVIRONMENTAL COST MORE??

OCCUPANTS

OUTDOOR

SCHEDULE??

COMMUNAL SPACES??

HOW DO BUILDING AFFECT THE MICRO-CLIMATE??

22

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

3.2 FIELD WORK Clear sunny sky

15,45

r Temperature 14.0ºC umidity 77%

ON

21st January, Thursday 3:00 pm

70%

ON

E

Weather forecast: Air Temperature 7°C Wind speed 4 m/s

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

Since the site is situated in a low dense urban the team concluded that this will affect the temperatures and windspeed measured in the site.

The following data was measured on the 21st of Januray at 3:00 pm at five different spots as a preliminary step towards mapping the environmental urban situation: Figures 2.2.2 show a graph comparing spot measurements and accordingly the MPET calculations (calculated with 2.5 clo) The graph shows the highest windspeed of 1.5 m/s measured in One Canada Square whilest the lowest windspeed is measured in front of the ASDA main entrance. This is most likely a result of the wind funnels created by the enormous towers in canary wharf, specifically one canada square.

The lowest lux levels (782 lux) were measured in Canary Wharf due to the overshadowing of the towers.

Followed by that are the lux levels measured in the park (2389 lux) due to the huge number of fully grown trees whilest the highest lux level was spotted in front of the ASDA main entrace (5228 lux), which shoes great potential for our project.

Most likely the lower temperature and higher wind speed measured in One Canada Square resulted in the lowest MPET value of 15.9oC whilest the highest MPET (20.4oC) is to be found in front of the ASDA entrance.

26,1 One Canada Square

25,5 25,4 25,3

24,2

24,3

A

24.8

24,2

Figure 3.2.1 ASDA SITE with surroundings

B

Mudchute Park

17,5

C

East Ferry Road

Figure 3.2.2 Graph showing Spot-measurements

D

ASDA Main Entr.

ASDA Parking

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

23

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

THE BIG IMAGE

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

3.3 SURROUNDING PROJECTS

BURRELLS WHARF COM. DATE

1988

DWELLINGS

400

USES

11 Residential buildings with central leisure facilities for weekly activities

MATERIALS

Red bricks

- Midrise buildings ( density reference) - Central activity space between the buildings for the users to interact and create a bonded community

LESSONS

Figure 2.3.1. Burrells wharf - central activity space

Figure 2.3.2. Burrells wharf - interior shot

BALTIMORE TOWER COM. DATE

2016

DWELLINGS

366

USES

45 story residential tower with retail areas on ground and top floor

MATERIALS

Glass

LESSONS

24

- Rotating tower (reference for rotating tower) - shows futuristic development of Isle of Dogs

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

Figure 2.3.3. Baltimore tower

Figure 2.3.4. Baltimore tower: Floor plan

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

MILLENNIUM QUARTER

Figure 2.3.5. Approximated Massing of the Millennium Quarter

USES

Mixed use

ARCHITECTS

Foster + Partners, Skidmore Owings & Merrill Inc

LESSONS

- Biggest mixed use master plan in the Isle of dogs - shows futuristic development of Isle of Dogs

Figure 2.3.6. Location of the Millennium Quarter

The Millennium Quarter is a significant and dynamic development site within the Isle of Dogs. Situated directly south of Canary Wharf it is attempting to respond to the emerging high rise character of the area. A masterplan study was commissioned in 2000 for the Millennium Quarter which strategically laid out the building blocks, building heights, and the main links and spaces for the site. At this time the site was destined for a mix of commercial and residential developments. Today 25 individual sites are at various stages of completion which are rapidly changing the skyline. The site has taken the general form of the masterplan however there are some changes in layout and use with a greater proportion of residential development. One of the objectives of the Millennium Quarter Masterplan is to achieve a co-ordinated urban form with a purposeful and integrated public realm. In February 2007 the London Borough of Tower Hamlets (LBTH) commissioned a public realm and maintenance guidance manual which aims to guide the process of achieving a high quality environment.

Figure 2.3.6. Visualization of the Millennium Quarter

Figure 2.3.6. Millennium Quarter Current/Built Developments - January 2008

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

25

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

3.4 PREVIOUS PROJECT FINDINGS

3.4.1 COPPER LANE

The design seeks a spatial typology that manifests the idea of communality on a back-land site sunken by 1.2 m surrounded by 3 to 4 storey houses and gardens.

The concept behind the Copper Lane project is based on six units, comprising 7 adults and 6 children, grouped around an outdoor courtyard in the heart of the site beneath which the communal facilities are located. The main outlook, however, is outwards into the garden, rather than facing the courtyard.

The architect tried to reduce the household’s collective impact on the environment in the construction of their homes. The performance of the building fabric (insulation and air tightness) plays a vital role with low cost technology.

Each house has been designed to have a generous provision of natural light whilst ensuring privacy.

The Design achieved: -

50% LESS ENERGY BILLS !!.

30% LESS THAN THE PRICE OF THE MARKET. 200% MORE GREEN SPACE. MORE CONNECTED TO NEIGHBORS. FIG. 3.3.1 SHOWING zoning for copper lane project.

26

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

Envelope Surface

The design of Copper lane uses 2 main exterior materials, namely, timber and brick. The 2 storey houses (3 and 4) are clad in light grey brick while the 3 storey houses are clad in timber. Only one wall-section of the timber building envelope was supplied by the architect. We were informed that houses 3 and 4 had the same components except that the exterior was clad in brick instead of timber .

Windows: According to the architect, the windows have been fitted with double and triple glazed windows depending on the exposure and orientation of the window.

Floor: Most of the flooring, based on our site visit is made up of polished concrete.

Some spaces, such as the communal area and living areas have underfloor heating.

Roof: Most of the roof is made up of metal sheeting except the areas that have skylights and green roofs. The green roofs are placed on the-2storey houses (houses 3 and 4).

U-Values Windows: U=1.30 W/m2K Walls: U=0.20 W/m2K Floor: U=0.30 W/m2K Roof: U=0.20 W/m2k

FIG. 3.3.2 SHOWING envelope surface materials for copper lane project (source: Henley Halebrown Rorrison Architects)

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

27

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

Fixed Blinds

Atrium: Open during Summer

3.4..2 THE QUBE - HOK COM. DATE

2007

USES

Office Building

MATERIALS

Mechanical Ventilation

Fixed Glazing

Fixed Blinds

GLASS

Fixed Glazing at All Facade

Figure 2.4.2 THE QUBE section

Figure 2.4.1. THE QUBE Fixed Blinds

+

PROBLEMS:

Fixed Glazing

+

Atrium: Open during Summer

=

+

Mechanical Ventilation Fixed Glazing

Fixed Glazing

Fixed Blinds

LACK OF NATURAL VENTILATION

Fixed Glazing at All Facade

FIXED WINDOWS

CLOSED ATRIUM

INTERNAL GAINS

OVERHEATING + STUFFY FEELING

The Qube, an office building occupying a prominent position on the corner of Tottenham Court Road, Maple Street and Whitfield Street, was examined by the term one group.

The location of the building in a compact urban environment,which has a remarkable impact on its environmental performance. The following conclusions were drawn: • After a thorough analysis of London climate, the fact that the HoK office, located in a new standard office building in central London, is being dominated by cooling loads throughout the year raises the question about its original design goal.

• The “glazed box” typology is decoupled from the outdoor, relying solely

on mechanical ventilation. This results in a very short period within the comfort band under free running conditions, which portrays its excessive reliance on energy to achieve a comfortable environment for its occupants.

• The atrium penetrating the building assists in releasing excessive heat

from the office throughout the year although its performance is far from optimal. It can be significantly improved by the addition of natural ventilation strategies, which result in a notable reduction of the overall energy consumption.

IMPROVED DAYLIGHTING

• The influence of the atrium on the daylighting of the adjacent spaces is

ADAPTIVE OPPORTUNITIES

negligible, due to its Height-to-width ratio, which put a huge strain on its original design goal.

28

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

ADJUST ANGLE

UP/DOWN

ADJUST ANGLE

UP/DOWN

Natural Ventilation

30

o

Adjustable Blinds

STRATIRGIES:

Lightshelves

30o

• The influence of the solar radiation penetrating the fully glazed building envelope is negligible, due to the dense urban environment and the high obstruction caused by the surroundings.

The daylight levels inside the office are affected by the fixed blinds on the fully glazed elevations of the building as well as the dense urban environment; however, the daylight performance can be optimised using light shelves. This led the team to implement methods for improvements in regards to the above mentioned conclusions. These methods aim to resemble a representative scenario for the building with an enhanced daylighting and thermal performance while considerably reducing the overall energy consumption by a 75%.

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

OUTDOOR STUDIES

Part II

•

CONCLUSION

PAKINAM • JOHN

29

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

3.5 BASE CASE

FIG. 3.5.1 SHOWING drawings and renders for the design proposal(SOURCE : Broadway Malyan Architects.)

CROSS HARBOUR DISTRICT CENTER / Broadway Malyan Architects.

PLOT AREA: 41,000 m2

DWELLINGS: 850

FAR: 2.51

PARKING PLACES: 770

COV: 0.46

CYCLE PARKING: 1000

HEI: 5.41

OTHER USES: RETAILS

• The development plan for the site has been primarily to relocate the ASDA superstore on the site from the south-western corner to the eastern side.

• The centre will improve connections to both Mudchute Park and Farm and Millwall Dock with new public squares, a new high street, children’s play areas, pocket parks and informal leisure areas, as well as creative landscaping.

• Broadway Malyan director of architecture Geoff Brocklehurst said that the homes would be built above the retail space, with streets sloping gently up to the front doors.

• “Residents will be able to walk up the hill rather than having to go up in lifts,” Brocklehurst said.

• A central residential tower, which will be built above retail space, would act like an Italian campanile, according to Brocklehurst.

• Findlay MacAlpine of Mason Philips says the development will help to reinvigorate the area: “This is a very exciting project for those working and living •

30

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

within London’s Docklands in terms of superior retailing facilities, new public open space and superbly-designed, low density homes in landscaped gardens with unique views across London.”

David Newsome of Ashbourne adds: “Asda and Ashbourne have worked extremely closely with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets over the past few years to identify an exceptional balance of facilities which will not only compliment Canary Wharf but offer wider services to the entire Isle of Dogs community”.

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

3 STORIES COMMERCIAL BUILDING GREEN ACCESSIBLE ROOF 5 STORIES RESIDENTIAL BUILDING OUTDOOR CENTER POINT ASDA PETROL STATION 35 STORIES RESIDENTIAL TOWER ASDA SUPERMARKET

N O

E

FE

R

Y

R

D

TH

.

R

M ud ch ut e P ar k an FR

IA

R

S

M

E

rm

A

Fa

D

d FIG. 3.5.2 ISOMETRIC PROJECTION SHOWING ZONING STUDY FOR THE OLD PROPOSED BASE CASE.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

31

CHAPTER III

MASTER PLAN

THE BIG IMAGE

MASTER PLAN

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

4.1 FORM GENERATION 1

2

3

Old Asda Site Currently, the site is occupied by ASDA, one floor supermarket but it is sold to Dubai Based company to build a mixed used project aiming to serve canary wharf community.

Add Centre of Attraction The Council of Tower Hamlet wanted this land to be planned as an attraction point for Isle of Dogs, They wanted to add public spaces for special events to make this area more alive.

Rotate the Centre The attraction area was rotated in order to have better view towards the River.

4

5

6

17

3m

23

ASDA 32%

7m

N TH R

O

PARKING 45%

Retails

DLR

Stati

New ASDA

on

Retails Retails

River

7m Height

Pa rk

ur hbo nity g i Ne mmu Co

Accessibility Four access path were added to connect the DLR, Park, Neighbour community, and the River to the centre of the project.

34

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

Commercial Area The accessibility paths divided the built area of the project into 4 Bases that was built on 7m Height for commercial uses.

Adjust the Angle In order to provide better access to the light, the inner faรงades were tilted inwards.

THE BIG IMAGE

7

Residential Buildings After designing the floors units, 14 buildings were added to achieve 850 Residential units, Based on the investor demand in the old proposal.

10

Solar Access Cut After studying the solar behaviour, Buildings were cut from the top according to solar path in December to allow sun access in most of the towers.

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

8

CONCLUSION

9

Push inwards The buildings were pushed inwards to take a semi-pyramid shape, for better light and wind behaviour on the master plan.

Rotate the Base The base of the buildings were rotated 25 degree towards West, for better view angle for those in lower levels, and to reduce wind speed in outdoor areas as shown in the following wind study.

11

12

Apply Solar Access Cut The previous cut was made in all the building that blocks the sun access, shown above in the red top part of the buildings.

Adjust Towers Height After cutting parts of most of the buildings, few floors were added to the backward buildings in order to achieve the 850 Residential units.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

35

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

4.2 Programme & Design Strategy

Delivering the borough’s housing target, deliver more affordable homes, and achieve mixed and balanced places that have a range of dwellings sizes, types and tenures, to help create sustainable communities.

11 FLOOR 12 FLOOR 11 FLOOR

15 FLOOR

15 FLOOR

15 FLOOR

14 FLOOR 10 FLOOR

15 FLOOR 11 FLOOR

PROGRAM: Mixed-use scheme: 150,000ft² supermarket, 130,000ft² retail space 10,000ft² of community space 850 residential units 1,000 cycle-parking spaces

36

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

FIG. 4.2.1 Isometric view for the project showing the number of floors in each building.

15 FLOOR 10 FLOOR 15 FLOOR

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

N O R TH FIG. 4.2.2 Isometric view for the project showing surrounding relation to the complex.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

37

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

4.3 BASE CASE COMPARISON

FIG. 4.3.1 Annual Solar Radiation analysis for the base case (source software: Ladybug).

FIG. 4.3.2 Annual Solar Radiation analysis for the base case (source software: Ladybug).

FIG. 4.3.3 Wind Velocity analysis (source software: Flow Design).

FIG. 4.3.4 Annual Solar Radiation analysis for the Project (source software: Ladybug).

FIG. 4.3.5 Annual Solar Radiation analysis for the Project (source software: Ladybug).

FIG. 4.3.6 Wind Velocity analysis (source software: Flow Design).

38

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

CHAPTER IV

INDOOR STUDIES

+ Copper Lane

= Mid Rise Building

2 Storey Communal Apartments

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

5.1 UNIT DESIGN

N O R TH

THE BIG IDEA Inspired by the concept of Copper Lane for communal housing, the units in the project were designed to have the same benefits of sharing large spaces of services as Kitchen, Laundry, Living room and workshop place.

This Concept help to make the units more small as this could affect the price of the unit!! That could help creating new concept for affordable housing in London as well as help creating more interaction between neighbours in the small community.

Therefore, this concept is applied to each two floors separately, As each two floors consists of six units and that is the same number of units in copper lane.

42

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

e gre t De es 25 th W u So

By Applying the same concept on such a large scale project, a lot of problems could appear as it won’t be easy to control the communal area specially with large number of users.

FIG. 5.1.1 Isometric view showing the relation between the building and the floors.

THE BIG IMAGE

1

Studios type A

4

Area 46.4 m2

2

Studios type B

3

Studios type A

Area 34 m

5

2

6

Area 46.4 m2

Apartment type C

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

7

Area 124.2 m2

MASTER PLAN

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

850 RESIDENTIAL UNITS

Communal 1 Area 37.5 m

INDOOR STUDIES

2

Studios type A - 1 Bedroom Apartment type D Area 87.8 m2

Apartment type D Area 87.8 m2

283 UNITS

8

Communal 2

9

Vertical circulation

Area 37.5 m2

Studios type B - 1 Bedroom 141 UNITS

N

6

O R TH

7 Apartment type C - 3 Bedroom 141 UNITS

5 8 9

Apartment type D - 2 Bedroom 283 UNITS

1 2 3

4

FIG. 5.1.2 Exploded Isometric view showing the zoning of the units within the floor.

Each two floors consists of (two studios type A, one studio type B, one Apartment type C, two apartments type D). All the six units shares two communal areas, The first communal area consists of a large kitchen and laundry. The second communal area is for relaxing as it consists of living area plus small work space and meeting table.

This prototype is already tested in number of small housing projects as Copper Lane, the idea of using it in larger scale projects could same huge amount of energy as it will be shown in the following few pages.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

43

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

EN-SUITE BED ROOM. EN-SUITE BED ROOM. LIVING ROOM & KITCHENETTE

COMMUNAL LAUNDRY COMMUNAL KITCHEN

EN-SUITE BED ROOM. EN-SUITE BED ROOM. EN-SUITE BED ROOM.

EN-SUITE BED ROOM.

EN-SUITE BED ROOM.

EN-SUITE BED ROOM.

LIVING ROOM & KITCHENETTE

COMMUNAL WORK SPACE COMMUNAL LIVING

LIVING ROOM & KITCHENETTE EN-SUITE BED ROOM.

LIVING ROOM & KITCHENETTE

LIVING ROOM & KITCHENETTE

LIVING ROOM & KITCHENETTE

FIG. 5.1.3 Axonometric projection showing the relation between the units and the circulation.

44

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION NORTH

LOWER LEVEL PLAN

UPPER LEVEL PLAN

8

7

4 9

5

4

9

5 1

3 2

1

2

3

FIG. 5.1.4 Plan view showing lower level typical floor.

FIG. 5.1.5 Plan view showing upper level typical floor.

1

Studios type A

3

Studios type A

6

Apartment type D

7

Communal 1

2

Studios type B

4

Apartment type C

5

Apartment type D

8

Communal 2

Area 46.4 m2

Area 34 m2

Area 46.4 m2

Area 124.2 m2

Area 87.8 m2

Area 87.8 m2

Area 37.5 m2

9

Vertical circulation

Area 37.5 m2

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

45

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

NORTH

Upper Level Floor Plan

FIG. 5.1.7 Plan view showing Lower level typical floor.

FIG. 5.1.8 Plan view showing Upper level typical floor.

N

Lower Level Floor Plan

O R TH FIG. 5.1.6 Isometric view showing the studied zone, studio unit type A.

In order to assess the indoor comfort, a full study was made on studio “Type A” shown in Figure 5.3.1, which is the most common type of units in the project.

The simulations helped to make decisions about the window size, Glazing type, Floor height, Materials U value, Night shutter, Blinds and overhang size.

The following few pages will show the steps that led to every design decision., That will be followed by indoor performance comparison between this project and the base case project which is Copper Lane.

46

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

5.2 DESIGN PRINCIPALS Unit A scenario Surface Envelope

Equipments Microwave Kettle Mini Fridge Oven Stove Dishwasher Toaster Tv 42inch

Occupants 900w 1800w 24w 1178w 1000w 1200w 1100w 213w

1 Female + 1 Male

Adiabatic Surface.

Exterior Surface.

Transparent Surface.

Envelope U Values

Lighting

External Walls 0.25 [W/m2-K]

Bedroom Bathroom Living Room WC

Interior Partition 2.11 [W/m2-K]

Occupancy pattern 8w x 4 = 32w led light 8w x 3 = 24w led light 8w x 8 = 64w led light 8w x 2 = 16w led light

Horizontal Partition 1.5 [W/m2-K] Double Glazing Glass U-Factor: 1.332 [W/m2-K] Glass SHGC: 0.401 Glass Visible Transmittance: 0.510

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

47

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

5.3 INDOOR COMFORT

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

Typical Winter Week

Thermal Zone Study Case 1 Separate floors Thermal zone

FIG. 5.3.1 Isometric section showing thermal zone study, studio unit type A.

Case 2 Double Height connected Thermal zone.

FIG. 5.3.3 Winter typical week study for Thermal zones, studio unit type A.

Typical Summer Week

FIG. 5.3.2 Isometric section showing thermal zone study, studio unit type A.

The results shown in charts in FIG 5.3.3 & FIG 5.3.4 shows the over heating in the lower level where the appliances are located and over cooling in the upper floor level in winter time. In order to solve this issue, The two spaces where connected through the double height area shown in FIG 5.3.2 to get less overheating. As that resulted in one Thermal zone with average temperature between the old two Thermal zones.

FIG. 5.3.4 Summer typical week study for Thermal zones, studio unit type A.

48

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

Typical Winter Week

Glazing Study

m

6m

4.75m

1.4

3.7

m

FIG. 5.3.5 Winter typical week study for Glazing type, studio unit type A.

Typical Summer Week

Single glazing Glass U-Factor: 2.559 [W/m2-K] Glass SHGC: 0.401 Glass Visible Transmittance: 0.510 Double Glazing Glass U-Factor: 1.332 [W/m2-K] Glass SHGC: 0.401 Glass Visible Transmittance: 0.510

The results shown in charts in FIG 5.3.5 & FIG 5.3.6 shows the difference performance of interior space in winter and summer in case of using different type of glazing that has the same SHGC and Visible Transmittance with different U value. The study shows better performance for the double glazing windows than the single one. It shows great performance in the winter, but some over heating in the summer that could be solved by Natural ventilation as will be shown in the following page for the recent Thermal strategy chart.

FIG. 5.3.6 Summer typical week study for Glazing type, studio unit type A.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

49

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

Recent & Future Performance (2050)

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

Typical Winter Week

FIG. 5.3.7 Winter typical week study for recent and future, studio unit type A.

Typical Summer Week

The results shown in charts in FIG 5.3.7 & FIG 5.3.8 shows the Performance of the interior space in both winter and summer, the graph illustrates that difference in the performance between now and 2050 after applying the Natural ventilation in summer and night shutter in winter won’t be big. As the space has most of its walls adiabatic and only one exterior wall, there is not mush heat loss.

FIG. 5.3.8 Summer typical week study for recent and future, studio unit type A.

50

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

Full Year performance strategy.

FIG. 5.3.9 showing full year analysis for studio unit type A after applying the strategies

The results shown in charts in FIG 5.3.7 & FIG 5.3.8 shows the Performance of the interior space in both winter and summer, the graph illustrates that difference in the performance between now and 2050 after applying the Natural ventilation in summer and night shutter in winter won’t be big. As the space has most of its walls adiabatic and only one exterior wall, there is not mush heat loss. The results shown is after applying Natural ventilation in summer and night shutter strategy in Winter.

The results shows that the building is free running for most of the year, there are some days out of the comfort zone with about one or two degrees centigrade, that could be ignored depend on the type of the user and the change of appliances as the simulation was run on the lowest appliances hypothesize.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

51

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

5.4. DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS

MASTER PLAN

26 October

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

15,45 21.03.15

Clear sky without sun

Wunderground - Air Temperature 14.0ยบC GROUND FLOOR 10:00 AM Humidity 77% ILLUMINANCE (with shading)

>27 oC 26.5-26.9 26-26.4 25.5-25.9 25-25.4 24.5-24.9 24-24.4 <23.9

ON

70%

ON

FIRST FLOOR

26,1 25,5 25,4 25,3 18,7 26 October

24,2

Figure...

24,3

24,2

15,45

21.06.15 Clear sky with sun Wunderground - Air Temperature 14.0ยบC GROUND FLOOR 10:00 AM Humidity 77% ILLUMINANCE (with shading)

>27 oC 26.5-26.9 Optimising the daylight in the unit is challenging mainly due to the large glazing used to serve the double height interior. The following strategies were 26-26.4 adopted: - After several attempts a smaller glazing area was used 25.5-25.9 - As we learnt from previous studies the lower part of a floor to ceiling window does not contribute significantly to the general daylight level - Internal blinds were introduced 25-25.4 - a double glazing panel was used with the following specifications: 24.5-24.9 U value: 1.3 trans.: 0.510 24-24.4 SHGC: 0.4 18,7 <23.9 52

CONCLUSION

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

24.8 ON

17,5 70%

25,5 25,4 25,3 24,3

24,2

ON

FIRST FLOOR

26,1

24,2

Ground floor: Mean Illuminance = 348.07 lux 100% of Area between 0 & 1432 lux First floor: Mean Illuminance = 165.99 lux 97.8% of Area between 0 & 537 lux

24.8

17,5

Ground floor: Mean Illuminance = 460.95 lux 99.3% of Area between 0 & 1969 lux First floor: Mean Illuminance = 325.61 lux 100% of Area between 0 & 895 lux

ober

THE BIG IMAGE

15,45 21.09.15

Intermediate sky without sun

round - Air Temperature 14.0ºC GROUND FLOOR 10:00 AM Humidity 77% ILLUMINANCE (with shading)

8,7

ober

70%

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

ON

FIRST FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR DAYLIGHT FACTOR

FIRST FLOOR

26,1 25,5 25,4 25,3 24,2

24,3

15,45 21.12.15

24,2 Overcast sky

round - Air Temperature 14.0ºC GROUND FLOOR 10:00 AM Humidity 77% ILLUMINANCE (with shading)

8,7

ON

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

24.8 ON

26,1

25,4 25,3 24,3

24,2

17,5 70%

ON

Ground floor: Mean Illuminance = 209.97 lux 100% of Area between 0 & 716 lux First floor: Mean Illuminance = 47.23 lux 100% of Area between 0 & 179 lux

25,5

24,2

Ground floor: Mean Illuminance = 409.64 lux 99.3% of Area between 0 & 1432 lux First floor: Mean Illuminance = 189.57 lux 100% of Area between 0 & 716 lux

24.8

17,5

Ground floor: Mean Daylight Factor = 3.01% 100% of Area between 0 & 716 lux First floor: Mean Daylight Factor = 1.27% 100% of Area between 0&5

The illuminance levels were studied in the ground and first floors of one of the studios (figure.....) in March, June, September and December to study the effect of the shading element and the double height glazing on the daylight quality in the studio.

As shown in the above visualisations the daylight quality is adequate for both floors all year around with slightly less values on the upper floor however the effect of the double height glazing is noticable with the deep penetration of the daylight into the studio.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

53

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

54

WITHOUT SHADING ELEMENTS WITH HORIZONTAL SHADING ELEMENTS

SOLAR RADIATION ANALYSIS

5.4 SOLAR CONTROL : SOUTH FACADE

A study was made with grasshopper to optimise the depth of the shading elements on the different facades according to the solar radiation. The visualisation in figure.... shows the solar radiation on the facade without solar control. The programme detects the unit (or grid) with the highest solar radiation values and implements the deepest shading elements according to the depth inputed by the team. The shading elements on the rest of the facade follows with varing depths according to the solar radiation falling on the facade in respects to the deepest shading element implemented in the first step. In the close up visualisation (figure...) the various depths on the south facade can be seen.

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

WITHOUT SHADING ELEMENTS WITH HORIZONTAL SHADING ELEMENTS

SOLAR RADIATION ANALYSIS

SOLAR CONTROL: WEST FACADE

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

55

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

56

WITHOUT SHADING ELEMENTS WITH HORIZONTAL SHADING ELEMENTS

SOLAR RADIATION ANALYSIS

SOLAR CONTROL: EAST FACADE

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

OUTDOOR STUDIES

Part II

•

CONCLUSION

PAKINAM • JOHN

57

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

FIG. 5.3.10 showing render view for the upper floor bedroom in unit Studio Type A.

58

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

FIG. 5.3.11 showing render view for the double height area and windows opening with the blinds in unit Studio Type A.

THE BIG IMAGE

FIG. 5.3.12 showing render view for the lower floor Living room in unit Studio Type A.

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

FIG. 5.3.12 showing render view for the lower floor Living room in unit Studio Type A.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

59

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

5.5 BASE CASE COMPARISON

Copper Lane

FIG. 5.4.1 showing internal heat gain for base case project, copper lane.

60

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

Isle of Dogs

FIG. 5.4.2 showing internal heat gain for base case project, Isle of Dogs Project.

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

Copper Lane

Annual Consumption: 1563 kwh Unit Area: 85m2.

Annual Consumption per m2: 18.4 kwh/m2

FIG. 5.4.3 showing annual energy consumption for copper lane.

CONCLUSION

Isle of Dogs

Annual Consumption: 730 kwh Unit Area: 46.4m2.

Annual Consumption per m2: 15.7 kwh/m2

FIG. 5.4.4 showing annual energy consumption for Isle of Dogs Complex.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

61

CHAPTER V

OUTDOOR STUDIES

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

6.1 DESIGN PRINCIPALS

CONCLUSION

SEMI PUBLIC GATHERING SPACES

HOW TO CREATE A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY?

PUBLIC GATHERING SPACES HOW TO CONNECT THEIR PRIVATE SPACES?

WHERE DO THEY INTERACT? SPACE FOR OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

SEMI PUBLIC AREAS AREA CONNECTING TOWERS

COMMON PUBLIC AREAS

CONNECTED SOCIETY

AMPHITHEATRE PUBLIC ACTIVITIES The teamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aim for the site is to create an improved mixed use complex encompassing retail, residential, community and leisure facilities that will support the existing and growing population of the Isle of Dogs.

The following four points were tackled while designing the outdoor spaces:

WHERE DO THEY GO OUT? RESTAURANTS

WHERE DO THEY SHOP? SHOPS

RETAIL AREA

64

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

ASDA GROCERY SHOPPING

INTERACTING: the key strategy is promoting an active social life, reviving local identity and promoting the interaction of people with different background and cultures living in the complex in a diverse city like London.

This can be achieved through the amphitheatre in the middle of the project. It can be used for various outdoor activities.

CONNECTION: the key element is creating semi public spaces for the residence to feel that their private units are connected to the community.

SHOPPING: the use of upper floors above shops for residential purposes provides a mix of uses at the complex as well as reduces the need to travel.

ACTIVITIES: having retail areas on the ground floor of the towers adds to the sense of connectivity to the nature, outdoor and community

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

CONCLUSION

PAKINAM • JOHN

65

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

OUTDOOR STUDIES

INDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

6.2 BASE CASE COMPARISON

re 14.0ยบC

21.03.15 Clear sky with sun clothes: 1clo

21.06.15 ONsky with sun Clear Wunderground - Air Temperature 14.0ยบC clothes: 0.5 clo Humidity 77%

26 OctoberON 15,45 70%

21.12.15 ON Clear sky with sun Wunderground - Air Temperature 14.0ยบC clothes: 2.5 clo Humidity 77%

26 October ON 15,45

70%

ON

70%

N O

.

D

.

D

E

E

FE

FE

R

R

Y

Y

R

R

D A E

A E M

S R

rm

IA

FR

Fa

rm

rm

Fa

IA

d

R

S

an

d

Fa

PET: 26.5 MPET: 26.4

M

D

D A E M

k

an

S

ar

k

R

P

ar

d

IA

e

P

k

FR

ut

e

ar

25,4 PET: -1.6 MPET: 23.6 25,3 PET: - 0.5 17,5 24,3

PET: 4.7 MPET: 10.7

PET: 27.0 MPET: 26.7

FR

R Y R FE

TH

E

R

ch

ut

P

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

O

ud

ch

e

PET: 13.3 MPET: 14.7

25,5

MPET: 5.8

24,2

MPET: 24.8

PET: 28.4 MPET: 27.5

PET: 14 MPET: 15.4

26,1

M

ud

ut

an

26,1 >27 oC 26.5-26.9 25,5 26-26.4 25.5-25.9 25,4 PET: 23.6 25-25.4MPET: 23.6 24.5-24.9 25,3 PET: 22.5 MPET: 22.1 24-24.4 17,5 24,3 24,2 24,2 18,724.724.8 <23.9 PET: M

ch

PET: 15 MPET: 16.4

N

TH

D

.

R

ud

MPET: 12.8

66

TH

O

R

N

M

>27 oC 26,1 26.5-26.9 25,5 26-26.4 25.5-25.9 25,410.9 PET: 25-25.4 MPET: 11.6 24.5-24.925,3 PET: 9.8 MPET: 11.4 24-24.4 24.8 18,7 24,3 <23.9 24,2 PET: 12 24,2

24.8

PET: 2.0 MPET: 5.0

PET: 3.5 MPET: 9.7 PET: 2.5 MPET: 8.9

17,5

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

After using Ray-man to calculate the PET and MPET in different spots of the project and comparing them with the calculated values of the base case, the following conclusion can be drawn: Due to the overshadowing clearly seen in figure... The base-case has proven to perform worse in March and December whilst the team’s proposed project performs slightly warmer in summer.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

•

PAKINAM • JOHN

67

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CHAPTER VI

CONCLUSION

68

MSc + MArch Sustainable Environmental Design 2015-16

CONCLUSION

THE BIG IMAGE

PRE DESIGN STUDIES

MASTER PLAN

INDOOR STUDIES

OUTDOOR STUDIES

CONCLUSION

7.1 CONCLUSION

The Isle of Dogs complex design is attempting to regenerate the ASDA site by connecting the area with a mixed use complex that encompasses residential, retail and leisure facilities by using the approved master-plan of the Dubai based company as a base case and reference while simultaneously pushing for cutting edge, environmental responsiveness. This new vision of an environmental mixed use complex strived for achieving a free running scenario all year around for all its residential units with its dynamic response to its surroundings over seasonal cycles, occupant comfort, and adaptability at both the micro and macro scale.

The key factor of the project is not to block the complex from the surroundings but keep it connected and strive for a sustainable connected society.

The success of the connecting roads cutting through the site from one end to the park, and at the same time the need for density in urban living became the constant dialogue throughout the project.

The rotation of the towers was the first step to orient the lower units towards the fabulous view of the open water The idea of differentiating the heights of the towers was the first action that responded directly to increasing solar access to the lowers floors of the towers.

As many advantages as an unobstructed site can have it also has its fair share of disadvantages. In order to have the maximum benefit of such a fabulous site the large glazing area can cause overheating in both summer and in winter.

Thermal comfort of the unit could not be solved with strategies only. Both strategies (ventilation, night shutters and an overhang) and the glazing area were optimised to achieve the free running scenario desired.

Furthermore in order to achieve a connected society public and semi public areas were introduced to the outdoor areas of the project as well as an amphitheatre to encourage outdoor activities.

Term 2 Project - Refurbishing the City

Part II

â&#x20AC;˘

PAKINAM â&#x20AC;˘ JOHN

69

8 PERSONAL OUTCOME

PAKINAM EID

JOHN SALAMA

The site selection was narrowed down to Isle of Dogs as one of the fast developing areas in London. The undisputed selection of the site was stimulated by the very first view of the breath-taking Mudchute Park. It was a challenge for the team to combine the several aspects of planning coherently into one design project. The designing of a mixed use complex allowed us to apply the lessons learnt from the previous term project, while, at the same time, to explore new aspects of sustainability.

From the beginning the chance to apply all Term 1 lessons and the knowledge from all the lecture series, along with the environmental analysis tools and software in a design procedure was exciting for me.

It was a valuable understanding to know that the direct applicability of the knowledge that we gained from the previous projects as well as the lecture series isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t as easy as it seems.

At first, we were surprised to see the results of how badly a curtain wall can affect a building and wondered how all the modern buildings are fully glazed and what this means for the future of architecture. This is when we decided to set an example of how to combined the urge of having a fully glazed building with a compromise of a mixture a smaller glazing and the implemented environmental strategies.

The biggest challenge was managing the workload of such a massive project with so many ideas and potential. However, backed by the strong ability to balance well the design strategies combined with good team coordination, these issues were resolved leading to the accomplishment of high quality living spaces.

My outcome of this group project is that the realization of a well balanced architectural complex, in terms of performance and aesthetics, is a result of balancing the design and the adaptability of the strategies as well as knowing how to maximise the usage of the tools learned throughout the course.

The fact that the project brief gave us the freedom to choose a site made the choice more intriguing.

During the teamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first visit to the Isle of Dogs, the high rise towers of Canary wharf immediately caught our eyes. However, a more challenging approach was to go further into the other side of the Isle of Dogs and visualize a futuristic example of how it could look like. The Mudchute park immediately caught our eyes. The idea of having an unobstructed site with such a marvelous view instantly developed conversations on how much potential this site has.

Through our design, we intend to set an example of how sustainable housing projects could look like in the near future relating between environmental, social and economical factors.

Dealing with a mixed-used scheme was demanding and compli­cated.

While designing the residential units a lot of obstacle were met of how to balance the environmental and the aesthetic elements of the design. Using the learned tools and strategies an optimum balance was met between all the aspects that in the end affect the habitats of a space, which is the most essential part of any design process.

9. REFERENCES Henley Halebrown Rorrison Architects. Copper Lane. Retrieved October 2015 ,10, from Henley Halebrown Rorrison Architects: http://hhbr.co.uk/work/ copper-lane/ Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE). (1999).

Daylighting and window design – Lighting Guide LG10:1999. London, England: Department of environment transport regions (DETR).

Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE). (2007, January).

Environmental Design – CIBSE guide A. Norwich, Norfolk, Great Britain: Page Bros. (Norwich) Ltd. The Guardian. (August 2014). Copper Lane review. Retrieved October 2015 ,11, from the guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/ aug/31/copper-lane-review-cohousing-stoke-newington-henley-halebrownrorrison Yannas, S. (1994). Solar Energy and Housing Design (1st edition ed., Vols.

Volume 1: Principles, Objectives, Guidelines). London, England: Architectural Association.

Baker N., and K. Steemers (2002). Daylight Design of Buildings. London: James & James Science ( Science Publishers) Ltd. Meteonormhttp://meteonorm.com/ Dezeen Ltd. (2014, september). Copper Lane by Henley Halebrown Rorrison Architects. Retrieved October 2015 ,18, from Dezeen: http://www.dezeen. com/21/09/2014/copper-lane-co-operative-housing-henley-halebrownrorrison-london/ Archdaily Ltd. (2014, December 6-1 )26 Copper Lane, Retrieved October 2015 ,24, from Archdaily: http://www.archdaily.com/-1/580881nil-6-copperlane-n9-16ns-henley-halebrown-rorrison-architects “The Isle Of Dogs: Introduction | British History Online”. British-history.ac.uk.

N.p., 2016. Web. 24 Mar. 2016.

“Millennium Quarter”. Gustafson Porter. N.p., 2013. Web. 24 Mar. 2016.

“Tower Hamlets Approves Isle Of Dogs Asda Scheme”. Out-law.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 24 Mar. 2016.

“Download Environmental Opendata”. Geostore.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 24 Mar. 2016. http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/Documents/Planning-and-building-control/ Strategic-Planning/SPDs/Millennium-quarter/

10 APPENDICES

EMPLOYMENT DENSITY

BORN OUTSIDE THE UK

COMMUTING

NEW-BUILD HOUSING

MARCH

DECEMBER

ute

Pa

rk

and

Fa

rm FR

IA

M RS

EA

D

JUNE

SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS

TH

dch

R

Mu

.

O

RD

N

EF

Y ER

FIG. 4.3.1 SHOWING AVERAGE HOURS FOR SUNLIGHT FOR ONE DAY IN THE EACH THREE MONTH OF DECEMBER, MARCH, JUNE. (SOURCE SOFTWARES: LADYBUG, RHINOCEROS)

FIG. 4.5 SHOWING WIND SPEED AND BEHAVIOR (SOURCE SOFTWARE: FLOW DESIGN).

Typical Winter Week

Typical Summer Week

OCCUPANTS: 1 MALE - 1 FEMALE

NATURAL VENTILATION: NA -5 01:00:00 20:00:00 15:00:00 10:00:00 05:00:00 24:00:00 19:00:00 14:00:00 09:00:00 04:00:00 23:00:00 18:00:00 13:00:00 08:00:00 03:00:00 22:00:00 17:00:00 12:00:00 07:00:00 02:00:00 21:00:00 16:00:00 11:00:00 06:00:00 01:00:00 20:00:00 15:00:00 10:00:00 05:00:00 24:00:00 19:00:00 14:00:00 09:00:00 04:00:00 23:00:00 18:00:00 13:00:00 08:00:00 03:00:00 22:00:00 17:00:00 12:00:00 07:00:00 02:00:00 21:00:00 16:00:00 11:00:00 06:00:00 01:00:00 20:00:00 15:00:00 10:00:00 05:00:00 24:00:00

INFILTRATION: 0.25 AC/H

01/01 01/07 01/14 01/21 01/28 02/03 02/10 02/17 02/24 03/03 03/09 03/16 03/23 03/30 04/06 04/12 04/19 04/26 05/03 05/10 05/16 05/23 05/30 06/06 06/13 06/19 06/26 07/03 07/10 07/16 07/23 07/30 08/06 08/13 08/19 08/26 09/02 09/09 09/16 09/22 09/29 10/06 10/13 10/20 10/26 11/02 11/09 11/16 11/23 11/29 12/06 12/13 12/20 12/26

U VALUES: EXTERIOR WALL: 0.2 INTERIOR WALL: 1.5 DOUBLE GLASS: 1.3 Temprature(c)

FIRST SIMULATION TRIAL WITH CURTAIN WALL

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Date

Outdoor Air Drybulb Temperature [C](Hourly)

LIVING:Zone Operative Temperature [C](Hourly) BEDROOM:Zone Operative Temperature [C](Hourly)

OVERHANG:

INTERNAL BLINDS:

NATURAL VENTILATION:

LIVING ROOM

WINDOW GLAZING: DOUBLE

OVERHANG:

INTERNAL BLINDS:

NATURAL VENTILATION: 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00

WINDOW GLAZING: DOUBLE

06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05

BEDROOM

Temprature

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Outdoor Air Drybulb Temperature [C] Comfort band limit [°C] Comfort band lower limit [C°] BEDROOM Operative Temperature [C](Double Glazing) BEDROOM Operative Temperature [C](Single Glazing) BEDROOM Operative Temperature [C](Triple Glazing)

Date

WINDOW GLAZING: DOUBLE 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00

OVERHANG: 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05

30

BEDROOM

WINDOW GLAZING: DOUBLE

OVERHANG: NO

NATURAL VENTILATION:

LIVING ROOM

INTERNAL BLINDS:

NATURAL VENTILATION: 25

20

INTERNAL BLINDS: YES

15

10

5

0

Outdoor Air Drybulb Temperature [C] Comfort band limit [°C]

Comfort band lower limit [C°] BEDROOM Operative Temperature [C](Overhang)

BEDROOM Operative Temperature [C](Blinds) BEDROOM Operative Temperature [C](Blinds+overhang)

OVERHANG: NO

INTERNAL BLINDS: YES

NATURAL VENTILATION:

LIVING ROOM

WINDOW GLAZING: DOUBLE

OVERHANG: YES

INTERNAL BLINDS: YES

NATURAL VENTILATION: 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00

BEDROOM

06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05

35

30

WINDOW GLAZING: DOUBLE 25

20

15

10

5

0

Outdoor Air Drybulb Temperature [C] Comfort band limit [°C]

Comfort band lower limit [C°] LIVING Operative Temperature [C](Overhang)

LIVING Operative Temperature [C](Blinds) LIVING Operative Temperature [C](Blinds+overhang)

OVERHANG: NO

NATURAL VENTILATION: YES

LIVING ROOM

WINDOW GLAZING: DOUBLE

OVERHANG: YES

INTERNAL BLINDS: YES

NATURAL VENTILATION: YES 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00 01:00:00 05:00:00 09:00:00 13:00:00 17:00:00 21:00:00

BEDROOM

06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/29 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 06/30 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/01 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/02 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/03 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/04 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05 07/05

30

25

WINDOW GLAZING: DOUBLE

20

INTERNAL BLINDS: YES

15

10

5

0

Outdoor Air Drybulb Temperature [C] Comfort band limit [°C]

Comfort band lower limit [C°] BEDROOM Operative Temperature [C](Natural Ventilation)

LIVING Operative Temperature [C](Natural Ventilation)