UNIT 2 PRESENT PERFECT STATEMENTS GRAMMAR Use the present perfect for events at an indefinite time before now I’ve been to Europe I haven’t been to Paris. You’ve done a lot of You haven’t gone sailing. things. We haven’t saved enough We’ve had a lot of money. fun. They haven’t been to They’ve traveled in Europe. Asia. She hasn’t tried surfing He’s surfed in Hawai. before. The present perfect is often used with these frequency expressions. I’ve always wanted to study acting. We’ve gone sailing once/ twice/ many times. She’s never tried it before.
Regular past participles Travel Want Save Try
Traveled Wanted Saved Tried
Traveled Wanted Saved Tried
Irregular past participles Be Do Go Have See
Was/were Did Went Had Saw
Been Done Gone Had Seen
In conversation…. When people talk about travel destinations, they generally use been as an alternative to gone to mean” gone somewhere and come back”, as in I’ve (never) been to Paris. People use went (not was / were) in past tense sentences, as in I went to Paris last year.
The present perfect simple tense is used to talk about a past time, which has very strong meaning for the present.
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When do we use the Present Perfect Tense? 1. Unspecified point in the past
I have been to Spain three times. (At some unspecified time in the past, I went to Spain).
Compare with the simple past:
I went to Spain three times in 2005.( specified time in the past - the year 2005).
2. An action that occurred in the past, but has a result in the present (now)
We can't find our luggage. Have you seen it? (The luggage was lost in the past, do you know where it is now?).
3. Talking about general experiences (ever, never) It usually refers to an event happening at some moment in your life .
Has she ever tried Chilean wine before? (in her life) I've never eaten monkey brains before. (in my life)
4. Events that recently occurred (just)
Do you want to go to a restaurant with me? No, thanks. I've just eaten lunch. (I recently ate lunch.)
5. Events that have occurred up to now (yet)
Are Carlos and Rodrigo here? No, they haven't arrived yet. (they're still not here now)
6. Events that occurred before you expected (already)
I've already graduated from University. (I expected to graduate at a later date)
7. Events that began in the past and haven't changed (for, since)
Mike has worked at Woodward for 3 years. (Mike started working at Woodward 3 years ago and he still works there now.)
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Julie has worked at Woodward since September last year. (Julie began working at Woodward in September of last year, and that hasn't changed - she still works here now.)
STRUCTURE: He Present Perfect Tense is formed using the following structure: Affirmative: Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle Negative: Subject + Haven't / Hasn't + Past Participle Question: Have / Has + Subject + Past Participle
AFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
CONTRACTIONS
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NEGATIVE SENTENCES
QUESTIONS
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PRESENT PERFECT AND SIMPLE QUESTIONS PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Use the present perfect for indefinite times before now.
Use the simple past for specific events or time in the past.
Have you ever gone white- water rafting? No, I haven´t. I’ve never gone rafting. Yes, I have. I went rafting last May. Did you have a good time? Yes, I did. But I fell off the raft.
Examples:
Did I have vacation last year?
No, I didn’t.
Did you go to the beach in the last weekend?
Yes, I didn’t. I went the beach the last week with mi family.
Have you ever won a contest or competition?
Yes, I have. I have won the contest of painting in the school.
Have you ever gotten a perfect grade on an exam?
Yes, I have. I have you ever gotten a perfect grade on an exam in the pre- kinder.
Have you ever broken something valuable?
No, I haven’t. I have never broken something valuable.
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