Jeloou

Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

1

Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Unit 1 Importance of exercise There are many reasons why we can find it hard to start exercising - our everyday lives require less physical activity than in our grandparents' day, we rely on cars to get around and spend hours sitting in front of computers.

Dr Gill Jenkins last medically reviewed this article in December 2010.

The excuses The pressures of home and family life can also mean it feels as if there's little time left to fit in exercise. It's certainly tough to get started.

So, it's worth thinking about what you gain from regular exercise and making even a partial improvement to your fitness.

• Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease - in other words, if you don't exercise you dramatically increase your risk of dying from a heart attack • Conversely, exercise means a healthier heart because it reduces several cardiovascular risks, including high blood pressure • Being physically active can strengthen good mental health and help you to manage stress, anxiety and even depression • Regular exercise as you age keeps you strong, mobile and less dependent on others • Regular exercise can help you achieve and maintain an ideal weight, which can be important in managing many health conditions, or may just make you feel happier about your appearance • All exercise helps strengthen bones and muscles to some degree, but weightbearing exercise, such as running, is especially good in promoting bone density and protecting against osteoporosis, which affects men as well as women • Different exercises help with all sorts of health troubles, such as digestion, poor posture and sleeplessness, and physical activity can be beneficial for a range of medical conditions, from diabetes to lower back pain.

Don't be a statistic There are lots of positive reasons for getting fitter, including meeting new people, discovering new interests and generally feeling better, but if you need to be scared into doing more exercise, consider the following: • While in 2007, the Government-commissioned Foresight report predicted that if no action was taken, 60 per cent of men, 50 per cent of women and 25 per cent of children would be obese by 2050, the actual figures are rising ahead of the forecast rate.

• Between 1993 and 2008, there has been a marked increase in the proportion of people who were obese, reaching 24 per cent of men and 25 per cent of women in 2008.

• The picture is just as worrying for youngsters - obesity rates were 17 per cent in 2008 among boys, and 15 per cent in 2008 among girls. By 2010, it's predicted 22 per cent of girls and 19 per cent of boys between the ages of two and 15 will be obese, with girls under 11 at particular risk.

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

• • •

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Obesity is responsible for 9,000 premature deaths a year in this country, and is a major contributory factor to heart disease.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is still the leading cause of death in the UK, accounting for about a fifth of all deaths, according to the Office for National Statistics.

About a third of deaths caused by CHD are among people aged under 75. http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/fitness/

Exercises: 25 words or expressions you need to know: 1. exercising ______________ 2. fit in ______________ 3. tough ______________ 4. it's worth ______________ 5. improvement ______________ 6. risk ______________ 7. disease______________ 8. high blood pressure ______________ 9. anxiety ______________ 10. achieve ______________ 11. weight ______________ 12. bones______________ 13. degree ______________ 14. sleeplessness ______________ 15. range ______________ 16. back ______________ 17. obese ______________ 18. actual ______________ 19. figures ______________ 20. forecast ______________ 21. increase ______________ 22. among _____________ 23. both ….. and…. ______________ 24. steadily ______________ 25. give up ______________ Answer these questions 1. What are, in your opinion, the three more important excuses to do exercise?

1

2

3.

2. What are the positive reasons for getting fitter?

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

3. What do statistics show?

Are these sentences true (T) of false (F)? (Verdadero se escribe con T) COPY the literal words from the text that justify your answer ____1. The way we live makes us do more exercise than in the old times ____2 It is very easy to start doing exercise ___ 3 Exercise helps your mental and emotional life ___ 4 In 2008, nearly one out of four people were obese ___ 5 Girls tend to be more obese than boys

Writing: Do you do any exercise? Should you change your lifestyle?

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Grammar GRAMMAR BASICS PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE FORM: have + past participle: I’ve decided, etc, USE: The present perfect shows a relationship between past time and present time.

Oh, you’ve had a haircut.

Used with adverbials that show a connection between the past and the present, e.g. so far, up to now, lately, already, yet, just and with time expressions referring to the present e.g. this week, this year, etc.

She's already done her homework.

I've seen Jane a lot lately.

I’ve read two books this week.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS USE: A To refer to an activity which has been taking place in the recent period up to the present.

'You. look tired. What have you. been doing?'

'I’ve been playing football’

Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.

Tim Bryant, a magazine journalist, is interviewing Margaret Rod well, the founder of a successful company.

TB: So why do you think your company _____________(be) so successful?

MR: Well, our products _____________ (fill) a large gap in the market and I think one of the most important things is that we _____________(always listen) to our clients and _____________(act) on their comments and suggestions.

TB: And what’s a typical day for you?

MR: Well, take today for example. I _____________ (interview) candidates for a marketing executive post.

TB: And how many _____________ (you/interview)?

MR: Er, I _____________( interview) four so far. And 1 _____________ (talk) to clients on the phone on and off all day. 1 seem to spend a lot of time on the phone. I ___________ (discuss) some new ideas with them for the transportation and delivery of our products.

TB: Mm, it sounds like a very busy day.

MR: Oh, that’s only part of it. I _____________(have) two meetings, one with Union representatives and one with departmental heads. And I _____________(also work) on a proposal for a new marketing strategy.

TB: And it's not two o’clock yet!

MR: No, but of course I _____________(be) here since seven o'clock this morning.

TB: Gosh. And, 1 hope you don’t mind my mentioning this Ms Rodwell, but some rumours _____________(circulate) about your possible engagement to Mr Grimaldi, the banker.

MR: No, there will be no engagement, though it’s true that Mr Grimaldi and I _____________ (see) each other. That’s no secret.

TB: When you get the time, 1 suppose. And is it also true that you _____________ (learn) Russian with a view to introducing your products there?

MR: Yes, 1 have, but I _____________ (not learn) much yet; there’s still a long way for me to go.

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.

Jake and Michael, two friends, are talking.

J: Hello, I _____________ (not see) you for ages.

M: No. it must be about two years since we last _____________(meet). What _____________(you/do) with yourself?

J: I _____________ (do) all sorts of things. Life _____________ (be) very busy lately. I _____________ (start) a new job at the sailing centre.

M: Really! Doing what?

J: Well. I _____________ (teach) beginners’ courses to school groups this term but when those _____________ (finish), I’ll be teaching more advanced groups on holiday courses.

M: That sounds great. What about your old job at the tourist office then?

J: Well, I _____________ (work) there for ten years and I quite _____________ (enjoy) the job but I _____________ (want) to do something different. I ___________ (always/enjoy) sailing in my spare time so I _____________ (think) it would be nice to do it for a job.

M: So how long _____________ (you/be) at the sailing centre?

J: For about two months now. I’m sure I _____________ (do) the right thing. It's a really enjoyable job. And what about you?

M: Well, I’m still at the Rembrandt Hotel. I (work) there for fifteen years now. But I _____________ (have) a promotion so that's good. They _____________ (give) me the job of head receptionist.

J: Oh, that’s good news.

GRAMMAR BASICS PAST PERFECT SIMPLE USE: The past perfect simple is used to refer to a past time which preceded the past time already being referred to.

FORM: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE When I arrived at the station, the train had left FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE We use the future perfect simple (will have + past participle) to show that an action will be completed by a certain time in the future.

I will have retired by 2020.

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

1. Rewrite the following passage, making all the necessary tense changes.

It’s 10 o’clock at night. The offices of ‘The Daily News' are buzzing with excitement. The deadline for the paper is in half an hour and they are frantically trying to finish the front page. Everyone has been working all evening without a break. Some of the journalists have been at the office since early morning. They have all been trying to get an exclusive story, to find out something that no other journalist has discovered. The main story is a big one.

The Prime Minister has resigned. Everyone knows that his government has had lots of problems in the last year but his resignation is nonetheless a big surprise. Rumours have been going round all day about the real reasons for the announcement. Some say dial he has been involved in some financial scandal. Others say that he has been seeing another woman. All the papers have been working all day to get the best story. And they’ve been doing their best to find out what the other papers have said. The whole day has been very tense. Suddenly the editor asks everyone to be quiet. There is a telephone call from the Prime Minister’s office.

Example: It was 10 o'clock at night. The offices of ‘The Daily News were buzzing with excitement.

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense.

1. In a fortnight's time we (take) our exam.

2. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening.

3. By this time tomorrow we (have) our injections.

4. By the end of next year I (be) here twenty-five years.

5. I'll still be here next summer but Tom (leave).

6. I (finish) this job in twenty minutes.

7. By next winter they (build) four houses in that field.

8. When we reach Valparaiso we (sail) all round the world.

9. At the rate he is going he (spend) all his money by the time he is twenty-one.

10. By this time next year I (save) J250.

11. By the time we get to the party everything (be) eaten.

12. The train (leave) before we reach the station.

13. If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month.

14. By the end of my university course I (attend) 1,200 lectures.

15. By the end of this week my illness (cost) me J100.

16. By the time that he leaves school his parents (spend) J25,000 on his education.

17. By the end of the term I (read) all twelve volumes.

18. When you come back I (finish) all the housework.

19. The police (hear) of the theft by this time.

20. We (drink) all that wine by the end of the year.

21. On the fourth of next month he (be) in prison for ten years.

22. When we reach Crewe we (do) half of the journey.

23. At this rate you (break) all the wine glasses by the end of the month.

24. If we don't hurry the sun (rise) before we reach the top.

25. By midnight he (be) unconscious for forty-eight hours.

26. By the end of the month 5,000 people (see) this exhibition.

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

27. By next April I (pay) 13,000 in income tax.

28. On 21 October they (be) married for twenty-five years.

29. After this performance I (see) Hamlet twenty-two times.

30. The strike leader said, 'By midnight 500 men (come) out on strike.'

CONNECTORS OF CAUSE AND RESULT: o o o o o

Conjunctions (followed by a complete sentence): Because , as, since Therefore , as a result, consequently, that’s why, for this reason, so So + adjective or adverb + that Such (a) + (adjective)+ noun + that Connectors followed by a noun sentence, a noun or a gerund: Because of, on account of, owing to, due to, as a result of

Now do this exercise: 1.

Doctors believe some bacteria are more resistant nowadays ______________ the misuse of antibiotics.

2.

______________ you have no more money to spend, you will have to stop buying useless things.

3.

4.

5.

He’s embarrassed about being bald ______________ he always wears a wig.

I knew I couldn’t win. ______________, I didn’t play the match and I decided to do more practice to improve my performance for the next competition. ______________ the traffic jams I arrive late for work every day.

6.

She was ______________ party.

annoying woman that no one wanted to invite her to a

7.

The students were angry ______________ the teacher didn’t keep her promise to let them out earlier.

8.

You are not following the doctor’s advice ______________ you won’t get better.

9.

Edward is ______________ conceited that he won’t even consider the possibility of not getting the job.

10. ______________ the rain had poured for three days without a rest, there were floods in the area.

Adapted from: Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Students Elaine Walker and Steve Elsworth Pearson Education Limited 2000

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Vocabulary exercises Write down the main symptom or symptoms for these conditions.

1 a cold: ........................................................................................................................

2 flu: .............................................................................................................................

3 hay fever: ..................................................................................................................

4 a hangover: ...............................................................................................................

5 diarrhea: ....................................................................................................................

6 asthma: ......................................................................................................................

Fill the gaps with a suitable word.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

I hit my hand on the desk and it really ________________ They say she died of a heart __________________ She had some apples that weren’t ready to eat and now she’s got stomach- _____________ I’ve got this terrible ___________ in my neck from sleeping in the wrong position.

He died of __________________ even though he never smoked a cigarette in his life.

I went to the doctor, and she gave me a __________________ for some tablets.

Pollution makes her __________________ worse and it’s difficult for her to breathe.

There are different forms of hepatitis; one is a more serious _____________ than the other.

I hurt __________________ when I fell off that chair.

10 My back __________________ from sitting at that computer all day.

Complete the table with the correct verb forms.

Noun

Verb

cut blood wound bandage injury bruise shot treatment

Complete these conversations in a suitable way.

1.

A: ________ bleeding quite a bit, so I had to put a plaster on it before I could finish.

B: How did you do it, anyway?

A: Oh, I was ________________________

2

A: ________the next day the eye was really swollen and he had bruises down both his arms.

B: My goodness. What did he tell his parents?

A: More or less the truth. He said ________________________

3.

A: ... tried to get up again but I couldn’t move. It was incredibly painful, but fortunately there were a few pedestrians around to help me.

B: That’s lucky. But what were you doing?

A: ________________________________________ A: ________ my face was cut and he had a terrible bruise on his head.

4.

B: Sounds very unpleasant. How did it happen exactly?

A:

________________________________________

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Look at the pictures and write the story.

Answer these questions about yourself. Then, ask your partner the same questions.

1. Have you ever broken your arm or leg?

2. Have you ever needed stitches ?

3. Have you ever had concussion?

4. Have you ever been unconscious?

5. Have you ever had a blood test?

6. Have you ever been in an ambulance?

Stuart Redman English Vocabulary in Use CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1997

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Food and restaurants 1. When you go out for a meal, you usually do a number of things. Look at the list of actions below and put them into the correct order. The first one has been done for you. ___ look at the menu ___ give the waiter a tip ___ have dessert ___ pay the bill ___ book a table _1_ decide to go out for a meal ___ leave the restaurant ___ have the starter ___ go to the restaurant ___ have the main course ___ sit down ___ order the meal ___ ask for the bill 2. What are the people talking about in the following sentences? In some cases there may be more than one answer.

1. I never have it late at night because it keeps me awake.

2. It makes you sneeze if it goes up your nose.

3. They often make you cry when you chop them.

4. I often use it in cooking but it makes your breath smell.

5. If you leave it in the sun, it will melt.

3. Role play: write a dialogue with your partner in which you are going out for a meal. Use your list on exercise 1

Adapted from Way With Words Resource Pack 1 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1996

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Prefixes Which prefix forms the opposite of these words? happy patient polite correct dress tidy legible friendly employed pack lock agree

legal possible honest like

Agree with these statements, using these words which have the same meaning as the underlined words.

Example: A: He doesn’t have a iob. does he?

B: No, he is unemployed

1. It’s against the law, isn’t it?

-Oh yes,_____________

2. His room is always in a mess, isn’t it?

-Yes, _____________

3. He took off his clothes!

-Yes, _____________

4. This handwriting is impossible to read.

-Yes I know, __________

5. She can never wait for five minutes, can she?

- No, _____________

6. I thought it was rude, didn’t you?

- Yes, it was very _________

Complete the verbs in these sentences.

1. I’m sorry, I mis_____________ her message completely.

2. We un_____________ as soon as we got to the hotel, then went out for a walk.

3. She was here a minute ago, but then she dis_____________I’m afraid I don’t know where she is now.

4. We normally have similar opinions but I dis_____________ with him totally on the subject of drugs.

5. My homework was so bad that I’ll have to re_____________

it.

6. Apparently her alarm clock didn’t ring and she over_____________ 7. She managed to un_____________ the door and we were able to go inside.

8. I dis_____________ the film, but the others enjoyed it.

9. The post office shuts for lunch but it should re_____________ 10. She’s over_____________

at 2.00 p.m.

at the moment. She really needs a holiday and a

complete break from her job.

11. My sister wrapped up my present so well that it took me about five minutes to un_____________ it.

Adapted from: Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Students Elaine Walker and Steve Elsworth Pearson Education Limited 2000

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Discussion: Food Text for dictation:______ Understanding an English menu depends not only on knowledge of particular dishes, but also on familiarity with cooking techniques. The key to these ways of preparing food is the cooker itself. Contrary to many students expectations, the cooker is not the person who prepares the food - that is the cook - but the machine used to supply heat.

Most cookers have four hot-plates, usually situated on the top surface. Other names for hot-plates are gas or electric rings. These are used for boiling, steaming, poaching, frying and for making chips. Below the hot-plates, you normally find the grill which delivers heat from above.

Grilled bacon and toasted bread are commonly eaten for breakfast in Britain. Below the grill, is a chamber called the oven which is used for roasting and baking. A roast potato is peeled and cooked in oil, while a baked potato remains in its jacket.

Some words on the menu assume more than one process. For example, a mashed potato is created first by boiling and then by mashing - crushing the boiled potato with a fork.

Butter is usually added to give the final product a smoother texture.

Talk to your partner 1. "The government should make it more expensive for farmers to use pesticides and more profitable for them to grow organic food."

2. Which age-group in your country eats most fast and convenience food?

What could be done to encourage these people to eat more fresh food?

3. Should the law limit the number of fast food restaurants in our towns?

4. Should suppliers be permitted to irradiate fruit and vegetables to make them stay greener for longer on the shop shelves?

5. Do you think you can get all the nourishment you need from a vegetarian diet? Would you be happy to eat a vegetarian diet for a week?

6. The Hay diet encourages you to separate protein from carbohydrate, while the Chinese "Ying & Yang" diet encourages balanced eating.

Can you describe any special diets which are followed in your country?

7. Should countries try to grow all their own food or is it better to depend on trade to meet your food needs?

8. Many people in Britain eat too much sugar, butter and salt. How healthy are eating habits (a) generally in your country (b) in your own family?

9. Are you for or against genetically modified food?

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

_FOOD Crossword grid with clues:______

Adapted from http://www.btinternet.com

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Reading: ROD'S EX TO SUE SURGEON WHO BOOBED. My breast op went wrong claims Alana

By MARK DOWDNEY Foreign Editor.

POP star Rod Stewart's ex-wife Alana has launched a multimillion dollar legal battle claiming her breastboosting op went wrong.

The 48-year-old former Hollywood actress had her boobs enlarged 11 years ago months before Rod left her and moved in with model Kelly Emberg.

Now she is suing the surgeon, claiming negligence, deceit and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Her court case in Los Angeles also alleges breach of warranty against two medical companies.

Alana's action comes as 12,000 women in the US are suing over breast implants that have gone

awry.( que han salido mal) Many say that their health has been devastated.

Painful

She has not revealed what went wrong with her implants but common complaints include leaking silicone and hardened, painful lumps.

Some women claim they developed rheumatoid arthritis.

It has become such a scandal that two years ago US government watchdogs banned the use of silicone in breast implants.

One firm Alana is suing Bristol-Myers Squibb is among three US cosmetic surgery suppliers who have put aside a record ,2.8 billion to settle lawsuits.

Alana wed Rod in April 1979 but filed for divorce five years later, just four moths after her breast op.

She was among many Hollywood stars to have implants, including Melanie Griffith, Mariel Hemingway, Jane Fonda, Cher, Loni Anderson and Heather Locklear.

Divorce

Friends say she had it done with Rod's approval but it did not help to keep the marriage together.

Alana, mother of their children Kimberly, now 15, and Sean, 14, is said to have won a 3 million divorce settlement plus 15,000 a month child support from Rod. She also has a son Ashley, 19, from her four year marriage to actor George Hamilton.

Alana, now one of Hollywood's fashionable hostesses, has since dated Rambo star Sylvester Stallone, producer Stan Dragosi and Texas oil millionaire Jim Randall.

•

What company is Alana suing?

•

What are the most common complaints when the operation goes wrong?

•

How old is Alana?

•

How much did she get after her divorce?

•

How many children has she got?

•

What other Hollywood actresses are mentioned in the text?

•

Who has Alana been going out with after her divorce?

•

Who was Alana married to before Rod?

What is your opinion about breasts operations? Explain your ideas.

Adapted from http://www.myownresources

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Listening: smoking In this radio conversation between Dave, a radio programme presenter, Anna, a listener, and Mick, a doctor, you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them.

Make sure you know what they mean.

Give up = dejar (de fumar, por ejemplo) Left out = marginado Grown-up = maduro Ban = prohibir Advertising = publicidad Decrease = disminuir

Here is the beginning of the interview.

Dave: You’re listening to Style UK and this is Dave Moody. And now we move on to the topic: “Smoking and young people”. I have with me Mick, the studio doctor, and on the line is Anna, one of our listeners, who’s recently managed to give up the habit. Mick, Anna welcome to the programme.

Now, read the questions carefully. After that, you are ready to listen Questions 1. Giving up smoking is difficult because there is no nicotine in cigarettes.

Giving up smoking is not so difficult because of the nicotine.

Giving up smoking is hard because of the presence of nicotine.

2. Anna started smoking because she was left outside her friend’s house.

Anna started smoking because her friends invited her to smoke.

Anna started smoking because she didn’t want to feel left out by her friends.

3. Anna smoked because she didn’t feel shy.

Anna smoked because it made her feel more grown – up and confident.

Anna smoked two packets a day before she even knew it.

4. Tobacco companies have made cigarettes the symbol of maturity.

Tobacco companies have made cigarettes the symbol of shyness.

Tobacco companies know that smoking means uncomfortable feelings.

5. Governments say that smoking is something we have to learn to live with.

Mick says that governments should ban cigarette advertising.

Mick says that governments should allow cigarette advertising only in some sports.

6. If you have smoked for a long time the risks of being ill will decrease.

If you give up smoking the risks of being ill will never decrease.

If you give up smoking the risks of being ill begin to decrease.

7. If you give up smoking the risk of lung cancer disappears after five years.

If you give up smoking the risk of lung cancer is only half after five years.

If you give up smoking the risk of lung cancer is only half after fifteen years.

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

8. Anna gave up smoking very slowly, little by little.

Anna told her family she was going to give up smoking.

Anna made up her mind and began to smoke again.

9. Dave didn’t give up smoking because it is unpleasant for the first couple of weeks Dave didn’t give up smoking because of the problem of addiction to nicotine.

Dave didn’t give up smoking because he saves his money 10. People find that when they give up smoking they eat more.

People find that if they don’t give up smoking they eat more and more.

People find that if they don’t smoke they worry too much.

Writing: smoking Write as short paragraph about smoking: your attitude towards tobacco, your habits, your ideas, etc.

Comisión Interuniversitaria de Galicia PAU Junio 2008

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Listening: 911 operator Have you ever needed roadside assistance? What kinds of situations do you think of when you hear the words "emergency call"? What emergency or survival supplies (including 72-hour kits) might be useful in such situations? Write down three ideas and discuss them with a partner.

1________________________________________________________________ 2 ________________________________________________________________ 3 ________________________________________________________________ Listen to the text and fill in the blanks with the words in the box calm down

bottle

condition

warm

stalled

dispatched

operator

landmark

lane

wait

Operator: Hello. This is the emergency 911 ____________.

Taxi Driver: Help. Help. Please help me!

Operator: : Yes sir. Please ____________ down and explain exactly what is happening.

Taxi Driver: Calm down! My car _____________ on the freeway, I have a lady passenger, and she's going into labour.

Operator: : Now relax sir. Explain exactly where you are.

Taxi Driver: I'm . . . I'm in the southbound _____________ of the Lincoln Expressway, about 15 miles from the Washington Tunnel, and this lady isn't going to wait.

Operator: :Okay. What's your name sir and your passenger's?

Taxi Driver: It's ... it's Bob, and I have no idea about the woman. She's in no _____________ to tell me.

Operator: : Okay, now what's the nearest _____________ to your location? Pay careful attention.

Taxi Driver: Umm, I see golden arches . . . McDonalds.

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Operator: : Okay, is there anyone else with you?

Taxi Driver: No, and I've tried to get someone else to stop. [The sound of a bottle breaking.]

Operator: : Hey, what was that? [Ahhhh!]

Taxi Driver: Ah, someone threw a _____________ at me. How soon can someone get here?

Operator: : I've just _____________ an ambulance to your location. They should be there any second.

Taxi Driver: Hey, is there anything I can do while we _____________ the ambulance?

Operator: : Yes, uh, keep her calm and _____________ Taxi Driver: Okay. Please hurry. Oh, they're too late. It's a boy!

Choose the correct answer: 1. If you get in an accident, you just need to _________________ and call for emergency assistance.

1. grab some sleep 2. calm down 3. stall 2. The car _______________ in the middle of the intersection, and we got out to help the driver move his car to the side of the road.

1. fell 2. stalled 3. drove 3. A police car was _________________ to the scene of the accident to deal with the accident.

1. dismissed 2. delivered 3. dispatched 4. _________________ arrived a few minutes after the accident to treat the injured motorists.

1. A fire engine 2. A hearse 3. An ambulance 5. Can you tell me if there is an important _______________ near your house so I can look for it in case I get lost?

1. landmark 2. headstone 3. place setting Adapted from http://www.esl-lab.com

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Writing: Funny Thai Advert - Healthy Lifestyles Secrets http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJbvllx8UfQ&feature=related Describe the first situation using these words: Doctor

hospital

patient

prescription

exercise

female

What advice would you give to the girl in the second situation?

What happened in the third situation?

Talk to your partner and invent another situation for a similar commercial on the advantages of doing exercise:

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Speaking: food and diet Based on http://www.eslgold.net/speaking.html y http://iteslj.org/questions/

QUESTIONS Do you eat enough of everything?

Do you eat too much of everything?

How many sweets do you have a day?

Do you eat much/ enough/--any fruit?

Which type of fruit?

Do you drink much alcohol-coffee-tea?

What do people in you country usually have for breakfast/lunch/dinner?

Do they eat at other times?

ANSWERS Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. I don’t like… or ……

I usually…

I eat a lot of… I love…

No, I don’t eat fruit.

No, I don’t. No, none.

Yes, I usually drink… I used to, but now…

People usually have…

Yes, they usually eat al…(time) No, they don’t. They eat at similar hours.

Have you ever been on a diet?

Yes, I have. I’m on a diet. I eat/don’t eat…

No I haven’t.

Do you think women are more worried than men Yes, women are more worried about diet about their diet? because…

No, they aren’t. Nowadays men are worried…

Do you think your diet is healthy? Why? Why Yes, it is. I have enough …….

No it isn’t. I think I eat too much….. too not? many …..

Do you like vegetables?

I like ……. but I don’t like…

And, what about…?

No, not al all.

Do you usually eat junk food?

Yes, I eat it once-twice a week.

How often?

No, I don’t it.

Do you think children really like vegetables?

Yes, they do.

No, they don’t like them because…

Do you think being overweight is a problem?

Yes, I think it is, because…

No, I don’t think so.

Do you usually have a siesta/nap after lunch?

Yes, I do. No, I don’t Do you think it is healthy?

I think it is healthy/unhealthy because…

Have you got a fix timetable for meals?

Yes I always eat at the same times.

No, I can’t have meals at the same times because When I was younger I used to have lunch at the same time but now…

What is your favourite food?

My favourite food is…

Writing: Make a short summary with your partner’s ideas

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Reading and writing: Passive smoking Passive smoking means breathing in other people's tobacco smoke. A smoker's exhaled smoke is called exhaled mainstream smoke. The smoke drifting from their lit cigarette is called sidestream smoke. The combination of mainstream and sidestream smoke is called second hand smoke (SHS).

Most of the smoke that hangs in a room is sidestream smoke, which contains higher levels of cancer- causing compounds than mainstream smoke. Tobacco smoke inside a room tends to hang in mid-air rather than disperse. Hot smoke rises, but tobacco smoke cools rapidly, which stops its upward climb. A heavy smoker who smokes indoors causes a permanent low-lying smoke cloud that other householders have no choice but to breathe.

Second hand smoke has been confirmed as a cause of lung cancer in humans. Its compounds irritate the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. A non-smoking pregnant woman is more likely to give birth to a baby with a slightly lower birth weight if she is exposed to second hand smoke. A child exposed to second hand smoke in the home is more likely to develop asthma symptoms and have more asthma attacks. Non-smokers who suffer long-term exposure to this smoke have a 20 to 30 per cent higher risk of developing lung cancer.

There are various ways to help protect the health of a smoker's partner and children.

Suggestions include making your home and car smoke-free as well as making sure that smokers who visit the house smoke their cigarettes outdoors, no matter what the weather.

Answer the following questions according to the information given in the text. Use your own words.

1. Why is smoking indoors especially harmful?

2. Is there a connection between respiratory illnesses and passive smoking?

Add True or False, quoting the relevant information from the text to justify your answer.

Pregnant women who do not smoke need not worry about their foetus's health.

If you really care about your family's health, not allowing people to smoke at home is not enough.

Find words or phrases in the text which mean the same as the following: In the open air, outside. _____________ Moving along in a current of air or water. _____________ Persons who occupy a house. _____________ Breathed out, expelled. _____________ Write a composition with the following title Try to convince a heavy smoker to quit smoking, giving him/her some advice on what to do and how to do it Adapted from Universidad de Zaragoza, PAU Junio 2012

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Listening : Listen and fill in the gaps in this script Modern Family 1 00:00:48,020 --> 00:00:52,440 I... was out of control growing up, there, you know, i said it.

00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:15,890 I'm Josh, Brian's dad. - Hi, I'm Gloria Pritchett... ... Manny's mother.

Oh, this must be you're dad.

Her dad? Uh, no, no, that's funny.

00:02:59,010 --> 00:03:02,960 We have been together for... five years now?

00:06:33,900 --> 00:06:36,660 I'm quitting soccer, it is a game for children.

No, you're not quitting. You would've stoped that goal if you weren't staring at that little girl.

00:07:41,329 --> 00:07:48,370 Manny is very passioned, just like his father. My first husband is very handsome but, to crazy. It seemed like all what we did was, fight and make love.

One time, I’m not kidding you, we fell out of the window together.

00:09:06,942 --> 00:09:10,707 Well, that's reassuring, right Lilly?

Yeah, we tore you away from everything you know but don't worry, things are normal here. Your fathers are floating fairy's!

00:09:27,602 --> 00:09:29,209 Okay, what's up?

00:15:55,831 --> 00:15:59,555 You're to close, it's gonna hurt. - It's supposed to hurt!

00:18:25,563 --> 00:18:28,910 Hi Gloria, how are you? What a beautiful dress!

Thank you, Phil! - Oh, Okay.

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Unit 2 The Young And The Jobless: Hopes On Hold In Spain

SCOTT SIMON, HOST: Spain has Europe's highest unemployment rate - about 25 percent. And for people in their 20s, it's double that. Every weekday morning, lines snake around the block at unemployment offices across Spain, where jobseekers go to register for benefits or training courses. Reporter Lauren Frayer went to one such office in her own Madrid barrio to talk with the unemployed about how they're coping nearly three years into Europe's debt crisis.

LAUREN FRAYER, BYLINE: The crowd of jobseekers at this unemployment office in downtown Madrid looks different than it did a few years ago. Back when the housing market went bust, it was construction workers who flooded into this lobby. Now, labour reforms have made it easier for corporations to fire workers without seniority (antigüedad). So, the latest wave has been white collar, youth unemployment. People like Jaime Garcia de Sola, who studied economics and then got an internship at an investment bank. It had just turned into a full-time job.

JAIME GARCIA DE SOLA: Actually it was everything OK, but there was not too many things going on, so finally they had to fire someone. I was like the new one, so it was me.

FRAYER: At 30, Garcia was really looking forward to moving out of his parents' house.

SOLA: I was about to, and then I got fired. I had found like perfect apartment, with some friends and everything, and then - I guess I'm lucky that I didn't get into the contract and stuff, 'cause that would have been hard today to pay and everything.

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

FRAYER: Unemployment has also come at a particularly inconvenient time for the person just behind him in line, 30-year-old Vicky Fernandez.

VICKY FERNANDEZ: I'm going to get married 16th of June. You know, it's going to be quite hard being without work after the wedding.

FRAYER: Fernandez racked up (acumuló)advanced degrees in hopes she would never find herself here in the unemployment line.

FERNANDEZ: I have a diplomatura and I have two masters, and I have two languages: French and English and Spanish, of course. And I have a lot of problems to find work. It's not easy for young people.

FRAYER: Many of those here are well-educated 30-somethings - the demographic Spain's economy relies on to do things like buy houses or start families. But those things get put on hold in this economy, Fernandez says.

FERNANDEZ: I'm quite frightened, because also I want to be a mother. So, it's quite difficult right now because you don't have enough money to get your life to the end of the month. So, you can imagine with the children?

FRAYER: Garcia and Fernandez are both frustrated that financial autonomy seems beyond reach. But here in Spain, young people do tend to live with their parents longer with or without an economic crisis. And that's one of the traditions that allows Spain to survive with 50 percent unemployment among youth, says economist Gonzalo Garland, at Madrid's IE Business School.

GONZALO GARLAND: They stay with the parents, and if one of the parents works, then they will be able to survive, and therefore the impact of unemployment is not as strong as it would be in another society. Sometimes it's even grandparents with their pensions who are supporting other families where none have employment. So, there's this family network, let's say, that also tends to alleviate to some extent the impact of very high unemployment.

FRAYER: The problem is when those well-educated 20-somethings become 30somethings and 40-somethings and still can't find steady, meaningful work. And that's what's happening now. Garland says that paradoxically, Spanish laws that aim to protect jobs are at least partly to blame.

GARLAND: Because firing is so difficult and the cost is so high, there's also a resistance to hire. Therefore, what happens is you have a lot more long-term unemployed in Western Europe, than what you have in the U.S. FRAYER: Back at the unemployment office, Garcia eyes construction workers digging up the road out front, and he wonders whether going to college and getting internships was the right path after all. He's thinking of going abroad now. And I ask him how he's feeling.

SOLA: Afraid, I think. Yeah, 'cause I don't know what's going to happen, I don't know what can I do.

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

FRAYER: For NPR News, I'm Lauren Frayer in Madrid.

Copyright © 2012 National Public Radio®.

30 words or expressions you have to know: 1. unemployment rate _____________ 2. line _____________ 3. block _____________ 4. jobseekers _____________ 5. benefits _____________ 6. cope _____________ 7. debt _____________ 8. crowd _____________ 9. downtown _____________ 10. flood _____________ 11. lobby _____________ 12. fire _____________ 13. internship _____________ 14. investment _____________ 15. turn into _____________ 16. full-time job _____________ 17. To be going on _____________ 18. To looking forward to _____________ 19. Move out _____________ 20. Degrees _____________ 21. Rely on _____________ 22. Put on hold _____________ 23. Frightened _____________ 24. Beyond _____________ 25. Therefore _____________ 26. Steady _____________ 27. Hire _____________ 28. Dig _____________ 29. Path _____________ 30. Abroad _____________

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

1. Questions on the text: 1. Which country has the highest unemployment rate in Europe?

2. Why do people go to the unemployment offices?

3. How is the queue of unemployed different form some years ago?

4. What is the effect of new labour laws?

5. Why was Jaime fired?

6. What is Vicky going to do in June?

7. Why is she frightened?

8. Why is the impact of youth unemployment not so strong in Spain?

9. What is Garcia planning to do in the future?

10. How does he feel about it?

2 . Are these sentences true (T) of false (F)?

COPY the literal words from the text that justify your answer ___ 1. Youth unemployment in Spain is about 50 % ___ 2. García likes living with his parents ___ 3. It is difficult to have children because you have to work long hours ___ 4. Some families live on the grandfather’s pension ___ 5. Both Garcia and Fernandez are afraid

3. Look at the pictures: when were they taken?

Write a short paragraph about the 15-M movement

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

4. Compare these to sentences from the text: 1. Now, labour reforms have made it easier for corporations to fire workers without seniority 2. Because firing is so difficult and the cost is so high, there's also a resistance to hire.

Who says them?

1. ______________________________ 2. _______________________________

Translate them into Spanish

Are they contradictory? What do you think?

Discuss them with your partner and write a paragraph stating your opinions

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Grammar Reported speech Reported statements In reported speech (also known as indirect speech], the tense used in the speaker’s original words is usually (but not always] moved back a tense when the reporting verb (said, told, etc.] is in the past. The tense does not change if the reporting verb is in the present, present perfect or future.

Tense changes Speaker's words present simple present continuous

Reported speech ->■ past simple past continuous

present perfect simple

->• past perfect simple

present perfect continuous

->• past perfect continuous

past simple

past perfect simple

past continuous

-1■ past perfect continuous

past perfect

->• past perfect

going to future

-> was going to

shall/will

->■ would

shall in offers and suggestions

->• should

must

->• had to

can

->■ could

Example: ‘Sales have dropped dramatically in the last year.’

A representative said (that) sales had dropped dramatically in the last (or previous) year.

Note: It is possible to omit that.

The past simple and continuous often remain unchanged in reported speech, in both written and spoken English, if this can be done without causing any confusion about the time of the actions.

‘When they arrived, I was still cooking the dinner.’

He said that when they arrived, he was still cooking the dinner.

Time and place changes It is often necessary to change time, place and other references in reported speech, depending on when and where the reporting takes place in relation to the actual words.

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Some common changes now

■> then

tonight

■> that night

yesterday

■> the day before/on + name of day

tomorrow

>■ the following day/the next day/on + name of day

this morning

> that morning

last week

■> the previous week

next Saturday

>■ the following Saturday

ago

■> before/previously

here

■> there

this + the place -

■> that/the + the place

this

■> that/the

Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

1. ‘I’ll come and see you on Friday if that’s all right.’ (She said) 2. She said (that) she would come and see us on Friday if that was all right.

3. ‘The conference will be spending a considerable time discussing the world debt crisis.’ (The statement said) 4. ‘The shop’s closing in half an hour.’ (She explained) 5. ‘He’s planning to set up his own business.’ (Gareth tells me) 6. 5' ‘We’re going to have to make quite a few cutbacks.’ (The managing director said) 7. ‘The police have been investigating new allegations of fraud.’ (A spokesperson said) 8. ‘When the project first started, there was a lot of interest in it.’ (She explained) 9. ‘It’s pouring with rain down here.’ (She told me) 10. ‘I’ll have finished writing the report by the time you get here.’ (She promised me) 11. ‘My new computer has made a lot of difference to me.’ (She says) 12. ‘The 8.45 train from Waterloo will be arriving in approximately five minutes.’

(The station announcer has just said)

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Reported questions The rules about tense changes apply to questions in the same way as they apply to statements.

Wh questions The subject and verb are NOT inverted in reported speech: ‘Why didn’t you tell me the truth?’

She asked me why I hadn’t told her the truth.

Yes/no questions Put if or whether before the subject + verb: ‘Have I seen you before?’

She asked me if she had seen me before.

•

to—infinitive in reported speech In reported requests, advice, commands, etc., use io-infinitive: ‘Can you help me write my speech?’

She asked me to help her write her speech.

‘Don’t stay out too late.’

She told me not to stay out too late.

Write the following in reported speech.

1. ‘Where do you think we should advertise? (He asked me) 2.

‘Are you going to audition for the play?’ (Emma asked me)

3. ‘Give me a ring if you need any help.’ (She told me) 4. ‘How is Laura getting on?’ (She often asks me ... you ...)

5. ‘Shall I ask her out for a meal?’ (He’s been wondering) 6. ‘Why did Matthew look so embarrassed when he saw Carole?’ (He asked) 7. ‘Must we stay here all evening?’ (He asked) 8. ‘What are they doing about publicity for the event?’ (She wondered) 9. ‘Will you send me the report when it’s finished?’ (He asked me) 10. ‘What have you done with the student records?’ (She asked me) 11. ‘Do you think you could keep your voices down a bit?’ (She asked us) 12. ‘Where did you buy that hat?’ (He wanted to know) 13. ‘Have you been eating properly?’ (The doctor asked me) 14. ‘Don’t make any noise during the performance.’ (They asked us) 15. ‘Were you still teaching music when you met Oliver?’ (Mike asked me) 32

Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Verbs used in reporting Many different verbs are used in reporting. We do not usually report every word that was said or written and these different verbs can help to summarize the original words: ‘Would you like to come and stay for the weekend?’ ► He invited us to stay for the weekend.

‘No, no, I don’t want your money. I’m definitely going to pay for the meal and that’s that.’ ► She insisted on paying for the meal.

Put the sentences into reported speech, summarizing what was said and using the following verbs: Decide, complain, accuse, advise, apologize, offer, persuade, remind, warn, refuse 1. ‘I know you’ve got a lot of work to do at the moment. I’ll help you type up that report if you like,’ he said.

2. He offered to help me type up the report.

3. A: I don’t think you should hand in your resignation immediately.

4. Give yourself more time to think about it.

5. B: OK. I suppose you’re right. I’ll leave it for a while then.

6. He persuaded me not to hand in my resignation Immediately.

7. ‘No, I’m not going to discuss it with you. I think it’s a waste of time,’ he said.

8. ‘I really think I should have been invited to the meeting. I’m very unhappy about the fact that I wasn’t,’ he said.

9. ‘You’ve been quite ill and you need to recover. I really think you should take it easy for a few days,’ the doctor said.

10. ‘You must not go near their house again or there will be trouble,’ the police said to him.

11. ‘After giving the matter some serious thought, we have now reached a final decision. We are going to close down the naval base in two years’ time,’ said the Ministry of Defence.

12. ‘Someone’s been reading my diary. I know they have. I found it in the wrong drawer this morning. It was you, wasn’t it?’

13. ‘Remember that you’ve got to apply for a new passport. Yours is out of date now,’ he said to me.

14. ‘I’m really sorry about all the trouble I’ve caused. I didn’t mean to,’ she said.

Adapted from: Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Students Elaine Walker and Steve Elsworth Pearson Education Limited 2000

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Rewrite these sentences using the Reported Speech He said:

1. I’m sorry he’s ill 2. I haven’t done my homework 3. I have something to give you, Mary 4. I don’t know what she’ll say 5. I am sorry I didn’t come yesterday 6. I didn’t learn this last year 7. You must leave the country 8. I’m going to meet him tomorrow 9. How did you know that?

10. Are you enjoying yourself?

11. What is the time?

12. Will the taxi be here by eight?

13. Can you hear the noise, David?

14. Have the children put away their clothes?

15. Did Bill give you that ring two days ago, Mandy?

16. Where are you from?

17. Do you speak Russian?

18. How many cakes can you put in your mouth?

19. When are you going to visit me?

20. Why are you so sad?

21. Play it again, Sam 22. Clean it yourself, please 23. Don’t drive too fast 24. Don’t speak until you are spoken to 25. Don’t spend all you money on food and drink

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

26. Do you think it will rain 27. Are you listening to me?

28. Come here!

29. Have you seen him before?

30. You should treat other people the way you want them to treat you 31. Look where you are going 32. Why don’t we sell the house?

33. Mary, this is Tom 34. Be careful! There is some ice on the road 35. Bring me that book, please 36. Don’t close the window, it is hot in here 37. You mustn’t fish in this river 38. I will not eat these apples, they are rotten 39. What did Mark ask you?

40. Is he going to ask you more questions?

41. Are you coming to my birthday party?

42. Don’t come in, the floor is wet 43. I haven’t seen her since last December 44. I met your sister three days ago 45. When are you going to give up smoking?

46. What is your address?

47. Don’t speak to me like that 48. I can’t open this bottle of wine 49. Can you do it for me?

50. Are you happy this is the last sentence?

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Connections of purpose Para: to , in order to , so as to, so that so that (para que) va siempre seguida de un modal : can/ could; may/might; will/would EXERCISES A. Rewrite these sentences, using the linking words in brackets.

1. Everyone was pushing because they wanted to get to the front of the queue. (in order to) 2 A lot of people learn English because they want to study in England. (in order to) 2. Try to write clearly. That way you will avoid being misunderstood. (so as to) 3. What do I need to know, if I want to be a good doctor? (in order to) 4. She turned up early because she wanted to get the room ready (in order to) 5. She used both hands, because she didn’t want to drop anything. (so as to) 6. We went over everything carefully, because we didn’t want to make any mistakes. (so as to) 7. She left quietly, because she didn’t want to make any trouble. (so as to) 8. We covered the furniture, because we didn’t want to get paint all over it. (so as to)

B. Rewrite these sentences using so that 1. (example) He lifted me up because he wanted me to see what was happening.

1. He lifted me up, so that I could see what was happening.

2. The houses were knocked down to build car parks and office blocks.

3. I sat next to the window, because I wanted to see out.

4. He tied a knot in his handkerchief, because he didn’t want to forget her message.

5. I waved my arms. I wanted them to see me.

6. He wanted the report early, because he wanted to discuss it with colleagues.

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

7. We will take a telescope. We want to see the birds without getting too close.

8. I’ll fasten the donkey, because I don’t want it to escape.

9. She left her address. She wanted us to forward her letters.

10. He wears a disguise. He didn’t want his friends to recognise him.

C. Rewrite as indicated below 1. He does gymnastics in the bathroom to keep fit. a) He does gymnastics in the bathroom in order to ... b) He does gymnastics in the bathroom so that ...

2. She chose her words very carefully. She didn’t want to offend him.

She chose her words very carefully so that ...

3. The secretary gave her all the instructions. She wanted to apply for the job.

The secretary gave her all the instructions so that ...

4. He drove as fast as he could. He wanted to reach the airport in time.

He drove as fast as he could so as to ...

5. He took a taxi to the airport. That way he didn’t miss the plane.

He took a taxi to the airport so as to ...

He took a taxi to the airport so that ...

6. He took all the due precautions. He didn’t raise any suspicions.

He took all the precautions so as not to .....

7. He took a medicine. He wanted to recover He took a medicine in order to ...

He took a medicine so that ...

8. The teacher spoke very clearly. He wanted the students to fulfil his instructions exactly.

The teacher spoke very clearly so that ...

9. I told him everything. I wanted him to know how to do it.

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

I told him everything so that ...

10. She is singing sweetly. She doesn't want to disturb the sleeping child.

She is singing sweetly in order not to ....

She is singing sweetly, so that ...

Adapted from Stuart Redman English Vocabulary in Use CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1997

Suffixes 1. Write down an adjective (or adjectives) formed from these nouns or verbs.

Thought____________dirt. ____________ pain_______ comfort__________ Attract_____________care_____________ knowledge_________fame_____________ Create_____________danger____________suit_____________ rely_____________ Fog_____________ politics__________ sun_____________ wash_____________ Home_____________enjoy_____________ music_____________use_____________

Fill the gaps with suitable adjectives.

You must be very ____________ when you drive in wet weather.

It was so ____________

this morning that I couldn’t see more than twenty metres in

front of me.

Everyone in my country has heard of her; she’s very ____________ The people in the tourist information office were very ____________ and answered all our questions without any problems.

This is a very____________ road; there were at least three serious accidents on it last year.

It was very____________ when I hit my leg against the corner of the table.

This bag is very ____________ because I can use it for work or when I go on holiday.

We’ve never had any problems with our TV in ten years; it’s been very _____________ The factory is in the middle of the_____________ part of the city, surrounded by other factories.

I made some coffee but it was horrible. In fact, my sister said it was ____________ I’m afraid my working hours are very____________; I have to start at exactly the same time every day and finish at the same time every day.

It seems terrible to me that there are so many____________ people living in a city with thousands of empty houses.

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

2. Look at the two examples and then complete the rest of the definitions.

Example: An actor is a person who acts in. films and on TV 1. A journalist is a person who _____________ 2. A ballet dancer is a person who ____________ 3. A film director is a person who ____________ 4. A bank manager is a person who ____________ 5. An employer is a person who ____________ 6. A pop singer is a person who ____________ 7. A translator is a person who ____________ 8. A lorry driver is a person who ____________ 9. A photographer is a person who ____________ 10. An artist is a person who _____________ Adapted from -English Grammar Practice Intermediate - Longman

Vocabulary: jobs A Getting a job

When Paul left school he applied for (= wrote an official request for) a job in the accounts department of a local engineering company. They gave him a job as a trainee (= a very junior person in a company). He didn’t earn very much but they gave him a lot of training (= organised help and advice with learning the job), and sent him on training courses.

B Moving up

Paul worked hard at the company and his prospects (= future possibilities in the job) looked good. After his first year he got a good pay rise (= more money), and after two years he was promoted (= given a higher position with more money and responsibility).

After six years he was in charge of (= responsible for / the boss of) the accounts department with five other employees (= workers in the company) under him (= under his responsibility/authority).

C Leaving the company

By the time Paul was 30, however, he decided he wanted a fresh challenge (= a new exciting situation). He was keen to work abroad, so he resigned from his company (=officially told the company he was leaving his job; you can also say ‘he quit the company’) and started looking for a new job with a bigger company. After a couple of months he managed to find a job with an international company which involved (=included) a lot of foreign travel. He was very excited about the new job and at first he really enjoyed the travelling, but ...

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

D Hard times

After about six months, Paul started to dislike the constant moving around, and after a year he hated it; he hated living in hotels, and he never really made any friends in the new company. Unfortunately his work was not satisfactory either and finally he was sacked (= told to leave the company / dismissed / given the sack) a year later.

After that, Paul found things much more difficult. He was unemployed (- out of work / without a job) for over a year. He had to sell his car and move out of his new house.

Things were looking bad and in the end Paul had to accept a part-time job (= working only some of the day or some of the week) on a fruit and vegetable stall in a market.

E Happier times

To his surprise, Paul loved the market. He made lots of friends and enjoyed working out in the open air. After two years, he took over (= took control of) the stall. Two years later he opened a second stall, and after ten years he had fifteen stalls. Last year Paul retired (= stopped working completely) at the age of 55, a very rich man.

1. Write a single word synonym for each of these words/phrases. given the sack = out of work = left the company = was given a better position in the company = future possibilities in a job = stopped working for ever = workers in a company = 2. Find the logical answer on the right for each of the questions on the left a. Why did they sack him? ___Because he was nearly 65. b. Why did they promote him? ___Because he was late for work every day c. Why did he apply for the job? ___Because he needed more training. d. Why did he retire? ___Because he was out of work. e. Why did he resign? ___Because he was the best in the department. f. Why did he go on the course? ___Because he didn’t like his boss.

3. Complete these sentences with a suitable word or phrase. a. I don’t want a full-time job. I’d prefer to work _____________ b. She’d like to go on another training _____________ c. I’m bored in my job. I need a fresh _____________ d. He works on a stall in the _____________ e. At the end of this year we should get a good pay _____________ f. She’s got more than a hundred workers under _____________ g. I didn’t know he was the new manager. When did he take _____________ h. It’s a boring job and the pay is awful. Why did he _____________

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

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4. Discuss these questions with your partner: a. Has your father or mother a job in a company? b. What does his/her job involve? c. Is he/she responsible for anything or anyone? d. Has he/her had much training from the company? e. Have the company sent him/her on any training courses? f. Has he/she been promoted since he/she started in the company? g. Does he/she normally get a good pay rise at the end of each year? h. How does he/she feel about your future prospects in the company? i. Is he/she happy in the job or does he/she feel it is time for a fresh challenge in another company?

Adapted from English Vocabulary in Use (Pre-intermediate-Intermediate)

5. Write a short paragraph about a job you would like to have: explain why you like it, the working condition, the time-table, etc.

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

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Speaking: Job discussion STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B) 1)

What kind of jobs have you had (part-time and full-time)?

2)

Are there many good job vacancies for you in your country?

3)

What is your dream job?

4)

What jobs do you do at home?

5)

Are there jobs that are only for women or only for men?

6)

How many jobs do you think you’ll have in your life?

7)

Are there any jobs you would refuse to do, regardless of the pay?

8)

Is being a rock star or sports star a job?

9)

What do you think the job of being an English teacher is like?

10)

Who has the best job in the world? Why do you think so?

STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A) 1)

Do you often check the jobs ads in newspapers or on the Internet?

2)

What kinds of jobs interest you most and least?

3)

Is the job market in your country growing?

4)

What are the toughest jobs in the world?

5)

Is being a housewife a job? Should women get paid for this?

6)

Do you like job hunting applying for jobs?

7)

What is the job description of your last job?

8)

Does everyone have equal job opportunities in your country?

9)

What’s the best way to pass job interviews?

10)

What is the best way to quit a job?

Adapted from www.eslDiscussions.com

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

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Listening and writing A JOURNALIST IN THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE In the following interview you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them.

Make sure you know what they mean.

Pulitzer Prize: un premio periodístico muy importante slaughterhouse: matadero obituary: esquela numbness: insensibilidad feedback: reacción, respuesta stand up: afrontar / hacer frente a outlook: perspectiva Ready? Now read the questions. Read them carefully before listening to the conversation.

Charlie LeDuff, 34, is a reporter for The New York Times. He started his journalism career at age 29, after earning a bachelor’s degree from the University of Michigan and a master’s degree in journalism from the University of California. Part Native American, LeDuff was one of several reporters who worked at The New York Times series that was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in April 2001. He spent one month working at a pork slaughterhouse in North Carolina.

Text adapted from <JournalismJob.com> (March 31, 2001) [Now listen to the interview.]

QUESTIONS Choose the best answer according to the recording. Only ONE answer is correct.

Look at number 0 as an example.

0. Charlie earned a master’s degree in journalism from the University of California. _ from the University of Michigan. _ in North Carolina. _ when he was 29.

1. Charlie wrote his first article in… _ The New York Times. _ the Alaska Fisherman’s Journal. _ the local paper. _ the high school paper.

2. Why did Charlie decide to become a journalist? _ Because some friends convinced him. _ Because he thought it would be cool. _ To make his parents proud. _ Because of the good salary.

3. Charlie LeDuff picked the North Carolina slaughterhouse for his history because… _ it’s the biggest in the world.

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

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_ it’s in North Carolina. _ his editor told him to pick it. _ of the different races that worked there.

4. When he applied for the job at the slaughterhouse, Charlie was… _ both scared and excited. _ excited to write about something important. _ excited because he was working for The Times. _ interested in the kind of work done there.

5. What surprised Charlie most about his work in the slaughterhouse was that… _ the workers had a 15-minute break every hour. _ all the workers worked as mechanics. _ the workers were so numb and that there were so many Mexicans. _ there were not many Mexican workers.

6. When Charlie wrote his articles, the feedback he got was… _ positive. _ negative. _ both positive and negative. _ non-existent.

7. Winning the Pulitzer Prize… _ is important to Charlie. _ is not important to Charlie, but it is to other people. _ would be funny, according to Charlie. _ is not important to anyone.

8. Charlie thinks that being part Native American… _ affects his work as a journalist because it is part of who he is. _ does not affect his work as a journalist. _ makes him more honest. _ affects his work as a journalist only when he lives in New York.

Adapted from Consell Interuniversitari de Catalunya Proves d’accés a la universitat 2009-2010

Writing: Do you think animals have rights? Can we do with them as we like?

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Reading and speaking Text for dictation:______ People in Britain can look for jobs in the Situations Vacant column of national or local newspapers. National newspapers such as "The Guardian" focus on different areas of employment such us media, education, social work and information technology on different days. Job vacancies are also displayed at Job Centres and other Employment Agencies in towns and cities and on the Internet.

Before applying for a job, you should check that you meet the requirements. These are usually specified in terms of previous experience, qualifications and personality. To show that you are a suitable candidate for the post, it is usual to enclose a curriculum vitae with your letter of application. There are many computer programs that will help you produce a well designed and professional-looking curriculum vitae, available both from computer software retailers and as freeware on the web.

If you make the right impression, you will be invited to an interview; otherwise you will probably receive a letter saying: "we regret to inform you that your application has been unsuccessful." The successful applicant will probably be given a contract of employment which will contain the job description and the terms and conditions. You show your acceptance of these by signing the contract.

On your first day of work, you may be invited to join a trade union. If so, you will probably be introduced to your shop steward, the trade union official who will represent you and your colleagues in negotiations with management. Sooner or later, you will meet your boss. The person who you report to, could also be called a line manager or director.

In factories, workers often take their orders from a team-leader or foreman, who is an intermediary between the employer and the employees.

Discussion questions:_____ask and answer 1. What ratio of work to leisure would be your ideal? Answer using percentages.

2. Are the people in your country famous for working hard or for having a good social life?

3. What jobs would you most and least like to do?

4. What jobs have you done in your life and what did you like and dislike about them?

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5. Which age-groups are worst affected by unemployment in your country?

Should people who have never worked before be entitled to unemployment benefit?

6. What are the causes of unemployment and how is the problem solved in your country?

7. Do women in your country have equality of job opportunities? Are they paid as well as men?

8. Are there many migrant workers in your country? If so, what kind of jobs do they do?

What are their working conditions like?

9. Do people leave your country to find work in other countries? Where do they go?

What sort of jobs do they get? Are they made welcome?

10. Do workers in your country pay a lot of income tax to the government?

Do people with large salaries pay a much higher rate of tax than other workers? Do you think they should?

11. Do you think that every worker should have the right to join a Trade Union?

12. Do you think that every worker, (including doctors, nurses, teachers, the police, ambulance crews and fire fighters), should have the right to go on strike?

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

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_WORK Crossword grid with clues:______

Adapted from http://www.btinternet.com

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2º Bachillerato

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Reading and writing Read the text and the instructions to the questions very carefully. Answer all the questions in English.

Some employers recruit graduates after a half hour personal interview. This is done in a formal setting, between two people, one of whom controls the conversation. There are always parts of interviews which are different from what is expected. The interviewer may not start at the beginning, and this can be difficult. You will have to order and clarify your thoughts quickly as the interviewer jumps from one point to the other. “Situational questions” are where the interviewer describes a work situation and asks for your solution. Generally you are recommended to think aloud - identify the key points and clarify the information, adding a dash of common sense.

In some cases, you will encounter panel interviews, where you will meet two, three or more interviewers at the same time. It is usual in such cases for the question topics to be split up between the interviewers, so that for example one will cover your academic record, the second concentrating on your reasons for wanting the job, and so on. You will have to build up rapport with each interviewer, adapt to his/her style, and concentrate on the abrupt change of topic. You should try and remember who is who - not their names, but their job or position, so that your answers are given at an appropriate level.

Remember that an interview is a two way process, and you should use the opportunity to ask questions. At the end of the interview you should have enough information to make a decision, if the job is offered to you.

Questions 1. Answer the following questions in your own words. The information must be taken from the text (): a) Which kinds of interview are mentioned in the text? b) What is the advice given for panel interviews?

2. Writing: How would you prepare yourself in order to get a job?

Adapted from Comisión Interuniversitaria de Galicia PAU Junio 2008

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Unit 2 Jeloou 2Âş Bachillerato

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Listening : Listen and fill in the gaps in this script Modern Family 2 00:00:02,200 --> 00:00:04,800 What's the key to being a great dad?

That's a tough one.

00:02:01,382 --> 00:02:03,083 Well, we'll add more black tape.

00:04:18,419 --> 00:04:21,154 It's important that we teach him how to do things for himself.

In my culture, men take great pride in doing physical labor.

00:06:10,732 --> 00:06:14,167 Jay: Manny thinks his dad is like superman.

The truth? He's a total flake. In fact, the only way he's like superman 00:09:25,899 --> 00:09:27,199 Hey! Hi! Hi. Hi, uh, this is really embarrassing,

00:10:36,903 --> 00:10:39,505 So, to teach him a lesson, I took his bike, And then -- crazy thing --I put it down for one minute, And someone swiped it from me.

00:15:17,865 --> 00:15:20,000 I, uh, found your bike.

Oh, good! You -- the -- at the gas station?

No, at my house.

00:16:59,702 --> 00:17:02,770 Well, we tape all of our classes. It takes them out of the moment 00:19:10,065 --> 00:19:12,667 Say, listen...I, uh...Sorry, but I got some bad news.

What?

Your dad couldn't make it.

Why not?

00:19:32,087 --> 00:19:34,122 Are you kidding me? He was very upset. He was dying to see you. In fact, look what he sent.

A limo?

Yeah!

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2Âş de Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

UNIT 3 Shopping Online shopping E-shopping or online shopping simply means shopping via the Internet. An example is the integrated online shopping-cart system that allows the user to order directly over the Web. Then, there is the online shopping-cart system that allows the user to generate an order form to be sent to the merchant via fax or ordinary mail.

Today, many people are taking advantage of this convenient way of shopping.

However, together with this luxury of convenience, new concerns on information security have emerged, with online frauds or cyber crimes being one of the biggest threats.

To make e-shopping safer, here are some tips: First, choose e-shopping sites that are well-known or provide trusted services like Amazon.com as these sites "put their name on the line". When in doubt, always check out the merchant website. Contact someone there who can verify the company's privacy policy for you before you make a purchase.

Ask if they will send you a catalogue. If they do not list phone numbers and only have an e-mail address, you have to be careful.

Before typing in your credit card information, look for the "plural URL." That is, when you go to the site's checkout page, the "http" in the URL should change to "https." A closed padlock or key should also appear on the page, letting you know your personal information will be encrypted or scrambled. If you don't see either of these "locked" icons or a change in the URL, log out and shop elsewhere. Even if you see a proof of encryption, such as the plural URL, you should not equate that with the site's trustworthiness. To verify the site's trustworthiness, call the company to ask about its privacy policy.

You have found a trustworthy site with a secure checkout page. Now you are ready to pay. With what do you pay ? Cheque, money order, debit card or credit card ? Experts say credit cards are the safest method for online purchases as most credit cards have protection on them. Even if someone rips you off, you can dispute the charge. Secondly, by using a credit card, it is not just your money on the line but also the creditor's. If you have a problem with your transaction, the credit card company will help you resolve it.

If you are at the checkout page and the site asks for your date of birth and identity card number, be very careful as people can manipulate this combination to start applying for new credit cards in your name. If anything seems suspicious, call up the company. Also, be wary of sending out credit card information via e-mail or instant messaging as neither is encrypted.

According to the latest survey, books are one of the things bought most online. This is followed by accessories. Cosmetics and groceries are increasingly being purchased online. Today, most of the travellers are buying tickets online because it is a quick and easy way to make a purchase.

Is online shopping safer than shopping offline? It is difficult to say. When shopping online, caution is the word.

Adapted from http://www.englishdaily626.com/comprehension.php?178

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2Âş de Bachillerato

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20 words or expression you have to know: 1. allow ______________ 2. shopping cart ______________ 3. order form ______________ 4. convenient ______________ 5. concern ______________ 6. threat ______________ 7. tip ______________ 8. trust ______________ 9. purchase ______________ 10. padlock ______________ 11. scramble ______________ 12. rip off ______________ 13. charge ______________ 14. apply for ______________ 15. suspicious ______________ 16. wary ______________ 17. neither ______________ 18. survey ______________ 19. groceries ______________ 20. increasingly ______________ Answer these questions: From paragraph 1, (a) define e-shopping.

(b) what is the difference between the integrated online shopping-cart system and the online shopping-cart system ?

From paragraph 2, what is one of the biggest threats to e-commerce ?

From paragraph 4, what do the "plural URL" and the "locked icon" indicate ?

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2Âş de Bachillerato

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From paragraph 5, (a) give two advantages of paying by credit car.

(b) why is it dangerous to send credit card information via e-mail or instant messaging ?

Writing: Given a chance, would you shop online ? Give a reason for your answer.

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

GRAMMAR BASICS THE PASSIVE FORM: to be + past participle USE: We use the passive when the receiver of the action is more important than the performer or when the performer of the action is not someone specific. We don’t use vague subjects like “someone” or “some people”.

The local cinema was closed down ten years ago

1. Rewrite the sentences, putting the underlined verbs into the passive. Make any other necessary changes.

Do you want someone to wake you up in the morning?

Do you want to be woken up in the morning?

1. I don’t like someone telling me what to do.

2. The windows are really dirty: no-one’s cleaned them for weeks.

3. After the company made him redundant, he became very depressed.

4. I would like them to have given me the chance to explain my point of view, 5. I’m hoping they will choose me for the college football team.

6. People believe that many more people will die of skin cancer .

7. If it hadn’t rained so much, we would have finished the job on time.

8. We can’t take the car: the people at the garage are repairing it.

2. Rewrite the following texts, putting the underlined verbs into the passive and making any other changes that are necessary. Use by + agent where appropriate.

The company is sorry to announce that the situation has forced it to introduce a range of cost-cutting measures as from the beginning of the new year.

Unfortunately, we can no longer provide free tea and coffee. Someone is going to install new coin-operated drinks machines in every department and you can purchase a wide range of drinks from these. We will also stop overtime payments after the end of this month and we will expect all members of staff to

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complete their duties within their contract hours. You must no longer make personal calls from office phones and we request you to use the pay phone in the basement for this purpose.

Fire almost completely destroyed the Royal Hotel last night. By the time someone called the Fire Brigade, the hotel was already blazing. Ambulances took fifteen people to hospital suffering from severe bums. They say that seven of them are in a serious condition. People think that a discarded cigarette started the fire.

Last month the Council put forward a plan to make the seafront traffic-free.

Many of the shop and restaurant owners support the plan as they believe that a more pleasant environment will improve their trade. However, the hotel owners are less enthusiastic and I say that the traffic restriction will make access to their car parks very difficult. There have also been protests from some local residents who complain that the closure of the seafront road will make their journeys around the town much longer.

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3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense and form. Some of the verbs should be in the passive and some in the active.

Animals on the roads More cars and lorries 1 _____________ (drive) on our roads every year and, sadly, as a result of this, more and more wild animals 2 _____________ (kill) by vehicles.

Roads often 3 _____________(cross) the routes that 4 _____________ (take) by animals when they are migrating, breeding or feeding.

Every spring, many thousands of toads 5 _____________ (kill) as they 6 _____________(make) their way to the traditional breeding ponds. All over the world, animals are victims of the road and their dead remains can 7 _____________ (often see) lying on the roadside. Many badgers and hedgehogs 8 _____________ (hit) by cars at night as they 9 _____________ (move around) in search of food. Rabbits sometimes seem to 10 (hypnotize) by the headlights of cars and 11 _____________ (not move] quickly out of the way. Birds 12 _____________(sometimes hit) too as they 13_____________ (fly) low over roads.

14 (can anything do)_____________ to protect these animals from the dangers of the road? Well, in 1969, a toad tunnel 15 _____________ (build) in Switzerland and was a great success. Since then, other tunnels 16 _____________ (construct) elsewhere in Europe, not just for toads but for badgers and salamanders too. In Florida, where the rare Florida panther 17 _____________ (live), panther tunnels 18 _____________ (build) under the highway and fencing 19 _____________ (put up) beside the highway to guide the animals safely into these underpasses. Road signs warning drivers to 20 _____________ (look out) for particular animals 21 _____________ (often see) in the US and it is to 22 _____________ (hope) that they 23 _____________ (become) a more common sight on the roads of Europe.

Adapted from: Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Students Elaine Walker and Steve Elsworth Pearson Education Limited 2000

4. Translate using the passive voice: 1. Mañana se la llevarán al hospital 2. Alguien abrió la ventana 3. Deberían cambiar algunas leyes 4. Alguien se ha comido mi sopa.

5. Nunca me han hablado de eso 6. ¿No te dijeron que vinieras a las ocho en punto?

7. La gente llevaba las sillas al jardín 8. Deberían llevarte a la cárcel 9. No me gusta que me hables como si fuera una niña 10. Alguien debe haberse sentado en mi silla

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11. ¿Se puede hacer algo?

12. Tendrán que hacer el examen otra vez 13. A mí me crió mi abuela 14. Me ha sorprendido encontrarte aquí 15. ¿Me estás ofreciendo un nuevo empleo?

16. Nadie puede contestar a esta pregunta 17. El árbol se va a romper por el viento 18. Están arreglando el tejado 19. Nos prometieron sueldos más altos 20. Alguien dejó la ventana abierta 21. No se deben tirar las botellas vacías a la calle 22. ¿Qué te regalaron en tu cumpleaños?

23. El fútbol se juega en todo el mundo 24. Me han robado las tarjetas 25. No nos han dicho nada aún 26. Papá Noel no nos trajo muchas cosas 27. Me ordenaron que no dijera nada 28. Se va a celebrar el quinto aniversario la semana que viene 29. Los niños siempre me piden que me quede 30. El profesor ya nos ha avisado: tenemos que estudiar más 31. Hay que hacer algo para ayudar a esa pobre gente 32. Han encontrado las llaves que perdiste 33. Nadie lo va a escuchar porque siempre está diciendo tonterías 34. Me dijo que me diera prisa 35. Me están enseñando a cocinar 36. No hace falta que le compres flores, ella no sabe lo que has hecho

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

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37. Se debería enseñar latín en todos los cursos 38. Los leones están atacando a los turistas 39. Puede que hayan descubierto tu secreto 40. Tendremos una reunión mañana a las ocho 41. Teníamos que avisarla 42. Nunca olvidaremos sus palabras 43. Nos contó una historia maravillosa 44. Algunos países niegan el voto a las mujeres 45. ¿Se están riendo de mí?

46. Encontraron una carta bajo su almohada 47. Quiero que me cuentes un cuento 48. Quiero que me cuides 49. Quiero que no me digas mentiras 50. Quiero que aprendas la pasiva

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

GRAMMAR BASICS The causative have and the causative get FORM: have/get + object + past participle USE: We use the causative have or the causative get when we are not concerned about the person doing the action.

We have/get the windows cleaned once a month.

1. Rewrite the words underlined using have or get + object + past participle.

Example: There’s a photographer over there. Why don’t we ask her to take our picture?

Why don’t we have/get our picture taken?

1. There’s a leak in the roof. We should arrange for someone to repair it.

2. What time is it? I’m afraid someone hasn’t repaired my watch vet.

3. Someone is going to redecorate the kitchen for us next month.

4. If I were you. I’d ask someone to fell hat tree. It shuts out all the light.

5. I’m having a bit of trouble with my eyes at the moment so someone’s going to test them next week.

6. I love someone massaging my shoulders.

7. The dentist hasn’t checked my teeth this year.

8. The baby was crying because someone was washing her hair.

9. He looks much younger. I think someone's dyed his hair.

10. I don’t know if I’ve passed the course because the tutors haven’t marked all my work vet.

11. That wasps’ nest is dangerous. You must ask someone to remove it.

Adapted from: Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Students Elaine Walker and Steve Elsworth Pearson Education Limited 2000

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

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Vocabulary: shopping Useful expressions ASSISTANT Can I help you?

CUSTOMER: Yes, I’m looking for (= I want) a blue jumper ASSISTANT Can I help you?

CUSTOMER: No, I’m just looking, thanks. (= I don’t need help) ASSISTANT Can I help you ?

CUSTOMER: I’m being served, thanks. (= another assistant is already /helping me) ASSISTANT: What size are you looking for? (e.g. big? small? medium? 12? 14? 16?)

CUSTOMER: Where’s the changing room? (= the room where you try on clothes; also called the fitting room) ASSISTANT: It’s down there on the right.

CUSTOMER: Yes, I’ll take this one / these. (= Yes, I want to buy this one / these) CUSTOMER: No, I’ll leave it thanks. (= No, I don’t want to buy it/them) CUSTOMER: Excuse me. Where do I pay for these?

ASSISTANT: Over at the cash desk/till.

CUSTOMER: And can I pay by cheque / credit card?

ASSISTANT: Yes, of course.

1. What word or phrase is being defined in these sentences?

1. A shop where you can buy fashionable clothes. _____________ 2. A place with many shops, either outside or indoors. _____________ 3. A person who works in a shop. _____________ 4. The place where you can try on clothes in a shop. _____________ 5. The place where you pay for things in a shop. _____________ 6. To look round the shops without planning to buy anything. _____________ 7. The shop where you buy meat. _____________ 8. The shop where you buy medicines, baby products, etc. _____________ 2. Complete this shopping dialogue.

ASSISTANT 1: Can I help you?

CUSTOMER: Yes, I’m _____________ a blouse like this, but in blue.

ASSISTANT 1: I see. And what ____________ are you looking for?

CUSTOMER: Uh, 14 usually.

ASSISTANT 1: Ok, I’ll just go and see if we’ve got any.

CUSTOMER: Thank you. ASSISTANT 2: Can I help you?

CUSTOMER: No, it’s OK, I’m ____________ thanks.

ASSISTANT 1: Here we are. The last one in stock.

CUSTOMER: Great. Can I try it on?

ASSISTANT 1: Yes of course. The ____________ is just over there.

ASSISTANT 1: How was it?

CUSTOMER: Fine. I’ll ____________ ASSISTANT: Right. Would you like to pay over there at the _____________?

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Listening: shopping Fill in the gaps with the words in the box Comfortable

for ages

difficult

tasty-looking

Shoes

street

exactly

search

Bought

Pair

take a look

myself

Man: Hey, nice_____________!

Woman: Thanks!

Man: Could do with a ____________like that myself.

Woman: Oh really? They’re very_____________.

Man: Yeah. Where did you get them?

Woman: Just that place on the high_____________.

Man: On yeah, I’ll have to go and _____________sometime.

Man: Hey! Woman: What?

Man: I’ve been looking for that book_____________!

Woman: Really?

Man: Yeah...where did you get it?

Woman: I _____________it online. I just did a _____________and found it, you know...

Man: Really?

Woman: Yes. It’s not that_____________.

Man: I’ll have to have a look.

Man: Hey! Woman: What?

Man: That’s a _____________sandwich!

Woman: It’s a tasty-tasting sandwich too...

Man: Where did you er...

Woman: Where did I get it?

Man: Yeah! That’s _____________what I was going to say....!

Woman: I made it_____________.

Man: Oh. Woman: Here – have it! learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/how/how-ask-someone-where-they-got-that?page=4 Writing: shopping habits Write a short paragraph describing your shopping habits. Use these questions as a writing guide.

How much of your week is spent shopping?

What are your shopping habits? Do you go alone or with someone else? Do you always go to the same shops? Do you compare prices? …, etc.

Is the internet a good way to buy things? Why/why not?

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2Âş de Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Connectors Fill in the gaps with the proper connector in the box: so that

as long as

while

until

as if

1 You can come to the meeting ______ you don't say anything.

2 I'm not leaving ______ I get an apology from you.

3 I came here ______ you could give me an explanation.

4 Bob is very tall ______ Bill is very short.

5 You look ______ you've seen a ghost.

6 I refuse to pay anything ______ you do the work properly.

7 I'm going shopping for food this evening ______ I don't have to go at the weekend.

8 You look ______ you haven't eaten for a week.

9 I came early ______ I could talk to you privately.

10 ______ I don't think she's perfect for the job, she's better qualified than Steve.

11 I don't mind if you go out for lunch ______ you're back for the meeting at two.

12 Are you OK? You look ______ you have a problem.

13 ______ the job is very interesting, it's also very badly paid.

14 We'll go to the mountains on Saturday ______ it doesn't rain.

15 The winters here are very cold ______ the summers are very hot.

16 You can write the report when you want ______ it's ready by the end of the month.

17 It looks ______ the government has got a lot of problems.

18 I want Mary to be in charge ______ I get back from holiday.

19 ______ I don't approve of what you did, I'm not going to punish you for it.

20 I'm learning English ______ I can get a better job. http://www.better-english.com/grammar/conjunctions.htm

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Speaking and writing: clothes discussion STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

Why do we need clothes?

Why do people spend lots of money on clothes?

Who decides which clothes are fashionable?

Do you think clothes are a waste of money?

How long does it take you to decide which clothes to wear?

Is shopping for clothes your favourite kind of shopping?

Do you buy clothes magazines?

Do you ever think other people look good in their clothes but you don’t look good in your clothes?

Were you embarrassed to wear the clothes you wore as a kid?

Why are you wearing the clothes you have on now?

STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A) 1) What do clothes tell people about our personalities?

2) Do you have clothes in your closet that you’ve never worn?

3) Do you ever buy used clothes?

4) Do you have a favourite clothes shop?

5) What new clothes would you like to buy if you had lots of money?

6) Are men’s clothes or women’s clothes best?

7) Do you always recycle your old clothes or give them to charity?

8) What do you think of my clothes?

9) What’s your favourite item of clothing?

10) If you were an item of clothing, what would you be and why?

Adapted from http://www.esldiscussions.com

Writing Write a short paragraph with your partner’s opinions

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Listening and writing: fashion In this interview with fashion designer Tiffe Coleman you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean.

Fashion = Moda.

Designer = / Diseñador/a.

Sketch = Dibujar, hacer un bosquejo.

Fabric = Tela, tejido. Silk = Seda Pattern = Dibujo, patrón, estampado, diseño.

Here is the beginning of the interview. You will hear it three times Interviewer: Fashion is a competitive business. I wanted to know more about the industry, and I was lucky enough to have young, successful fashion designer, Tiffe Coleman, with me to tell me. Tiffe's clothes are fun, colourful and inspired. She met me yesterday, in her black pants, a white jacket and a red handbag.

Questions 1. When did Tiffe become interested in fashion? a) When she watched pop and rock programmes on TV. b) When she was very young. c) When she first bought a Barbie Doll.

2. When did she start fashion design using the Internet? a) When she was at school. b) She started last year. c) She started in the 1980’s.

3. When does she get the ideas for most of her clothes? a) Lying in bed in the mornings before she gets up. b) When she is sketching patterns. c) When she is lying in bed at night.

4. When does she sometimes design a pattern? a) Before she has had any ideas. b) After finding a fabric she likes. c) When she is satisfied.

5. Does she wear the same kind of clothes as the ones that she designs? a) No, but she would like to. b) No, but she uses her own ideas and style. c) No, and she wouldn’t like to wear them.

6. When does she do her own shopping for clothes? a) Practically never: she doesn’t have time. b) She does it in the afternoons. c) Later in the day than she used to.

7. What kind of people buy their clothes at Top Shop? a) Most of them are quite rich young people. b) People who have to be careful of what they spend. c) People who can easily spend 200 pounds on their clothes.

8. What changes does she make to the clothes for Top Shop? a) She sometimes uses cheaper fabrics. b) She puts on different buttons and changes the styles.

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

c) She sometimes uses silk instead of polyester.

9. Which of the following sentences is true? In the fashion industry… a) People, surprisingly, like to help each other. b) People only want to earn more money. c) Young designers have no chance to earn money.

10. What are her general impressions about being a fashion designer? a) There have been many disappointments. b) She is very positive about her experience. c) She only likes the money she earns.

Comisión Interuniversitaria de Galicia PAU Junio 2010

Writing:

Are you fashionable? What do you think about fashion? Do you think there are people who worry too much about appearance? What do you think about those people?

Watch the video and answer the questions:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fitxofd7kOA 1. Describe the situation 2. How does the boy feel?

3. What would you do?

4. What is being advertised?

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Speaking and writing: Clothes & Fashion 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

About how much money do you spend on clothes a year?

Do you like shopping for new clothes?

Do you often buy new clothes?

Do you prefer to go shopping or just browse? Why? Do you think men should be allowed to wear skirts?

What piece of clothing do you spend your money on the most? Why? Do you read fashion magazines?

Do you sometimes wear a hat?

Do you think it is important to wear fashionable clothes? o Do you think it is important to be in fashion?

Do you wear jewellery? o If so, what kind of jewellery do you wear? o How often do you wear jewellery? o What is your most valuable piece of jewellery?

Do you wear the same colour clothes now that you wore ten years ago?

Do you wear the same size clothes this year as you wore last year?

Do you think people feel different when they wear different clothes?

Have you ever made your own clothes? o If so, what did you make? o Do you often make your own clothes?

How many pairs of gloves do you have?

What are some of the strangest fashions you have seen?

What colours do you think look good on you?

What colours do you think look good on your mother?

What did you wear yesterday?

What do you think of body piercing? o Do you have pierced ears? o Do you know anyone with a pierced nose? o Would you ever pierce your tongue?

What do you think of people who dye their hair green?

What do you think of women who wear high heel shoes? o Do you think high heel shoes are bad for a person's health?

What fashions that you see today do you think will be out of fashion within two years?

What is your shoe size?

What kind of clothes are in fashion now?

What kind of clothes do you usually wear?

What's the most expensive piece of clothing you have ever bought?

What's your favourite colour for shoes?

Where are some good stores to buy clothes in this area?

Where do you usually buy clothes?

Would you like to be a fashion model?

Adapted from

http://iteslj.org/questions/

Write a short paragraph with your partner’s answers

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Reading and speaking FASHION Text for dictation:______ Fashion forms a key part of many of our important industries, especially those involving design, such as cars, computer printers and clothing. In the world of machines, changes in design often accompany technical improvements.

However, new design in clothing is more commonly motivated by fashion. Differences in the climate from season to season and the tendency to equate each new year with a new look provide textiles companies with frequent opportunities to renew their sales.

These marketing opportunities are often realised by associating products with people.

Fashion models are highly paid to provide appropriate images of good health, comfortable life-styles, success and beauty.

Fashion is usually regarded as fun and provides the focus of many popular magazines.

However, controversy occurs in some instances. The image provided by the fashion model may shock, it may fail to have any connection with the product itself or it may endorse a product such as a fur coat which some people find offensive.

Discussion questions:______ask and answer 1. Have you ever bought something because it was fashionable? If so, what?

2. Does the fashion industry exist mainly to persuade people to spend money on things they do not really need?

3. Is fashion selfish in a world where many people have not got what they need?

4. Do you think fashion models should be used to sell products such as cars?

5. Some fashion models refuse to advertise products involving animal cruelty such as cosmetics and fur coats. Would you buy such products?

6. Would you like to be a fashion model if you were offered the opportunity?

7. Is your country famous for any fashion products? Which ones? How are they marketed?

8. Which countries have the best and worst fashions in clothes?

9. Which products advertised on TV in Britain/USA/Australia and in your country represent (a) women’s fashion (b) men’s fashion ?

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

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FASHION Crossword grid with clues:______

Adapted from http://www.btinternet.com

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Reading and writing

The secret of IKEA's success If you shop at IKEA, you are no doubt familiar with the problem and frustration of assembling its flat-pack furniture at home. Millions of customers face it, for two reasons: IKEA's products are stylish and they are very, very cheap.

Ever since Ingvar Kamprad founded IKEA in 1943, the company has tried to allow “people with limited means to furnish their houses like rich people”.

He is one of the world's wealthiest men with a fortune estimated at $23bn, yet he drives a 15- year-old car, flies economy class and encourages the thousands of staff in his global empire to use both sides of company notepaper when writing letters.

The company's name is made up of the initials of Mr Kamprad's name, the name of the family farm, Elmtaryd, and the nearby village of Agunnard.

IKEA presents itself as a green company with a social mission. One of its executives shows off its charitable work and its aim to use only renewable energy. He says he wants his “co-workers” to be happy, honest and inclined to think for themselves. He is proud that 40% of the company’s 200 top managers are women.

The secret has less to do with Ikea and more to do with the customers. Ikea customers do more than purchase Ikea products, they identify with the culture and authenticity that Ikea has attached to its products. While Ikea is known for bringing low-cost products to consumers, its mission statement focuses on improving customers' lives by bringing them good quality at good value.

The customer gets the pencil, fills out the piece of paper and puts the product together.

The customer is creating much of the value of the experience. They feel like they're part of the organization. Ikea was one of the first firms to recognize that.

Comprehension exercises: a - Ingvar Kamprad: 1. wants his staff members not to use paper when writing letters.

2. is very fond of sports cars.

3. used part of his name to create the name IKEA. b - According to the text : 1. More than a half of top managers are men.

2. Millions of clients feel frustrated when they go to IKEA. 3. IKEA has a socialist mission. c - IKEA is worried about environment (Answer True’ or ‘False’ AND write the sentence supporting this idea). d- One of the main objectives of IKEA is to make the life of its clients better and cheaper. (Answer ‘True’ or ‘False’ AND write the sentence supporting this idea).

Write a composition of about 100 -150 words on the following topic (3 points): It is important to take into consideration the environment when we buy something Adapted from Universidad de la Rioja PAU Junio 2012

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2Âş de Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Speaking and writing: Role play Write a dialogue about this topic: a spontaneous gift

A: Present B with an unsolicited gift.

B: You do not feel comfortable accepting the gift.

A ________________________________________________________________ B _________________________________________________________________ A__________________________________________________________________ B ___________________________________________________________________ A __________________________________________________________________ B_____________________________________________________________________

Listening and writing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osU_pHjYGUY 1. What is the man doing?

2. Who calls?

3. What does she ask?

4. What does he answer?

5. How does the ad finish?

6. What is being advertised?

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Unit 3 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Listening : Listen and fill in the gaps in this script Modern family 3 00:00:25,976 --> 00:00:27,703 - Dylan.

-- Hey, Mrs. Dunphy.

- I'm just waiting for Haley.

--- Did you ring the bell?

00:02:33,098 --> 00:02:35,571 - Wait, what are you doing?

It'll just take a second.

Yeah, which is where we buy diapers.

I texted.

- We're gonna buy some diapers.(pañales) -This is Costco.

00:04:15,766 --> 00:04:17,923 Manny brought his favorite game to play with Luke. It's called "Empire."

00:06:19,556 --> 00:06:22,286 I know what your thing is. Your thing is to provoke, 00:09:15,929 --> 00:09:17,079 You seem sad.

Ugh, kids.

00:12:17,142 --> 00:12:19,293 - I told you to stay still.

- It's just stuff with Alex. You know, kid stuff.

- I didn't move!

00:12:38,140 --> 00:12:40,903 Maybe Alex doesn't want to compete with her big sister. Maybe she's trying to create her own identity. Put her in a dress and she disappears.

- For one afternoon.

-I wouldn't give up being myself for even one second.

00:13:51,096 --> 00:13:53,385 So, anyways, after charades, we went out for coffee, 00:15:06,101 --> 00:15:08,196 I'm not pretty like Haley and you.

- I'm not. But that's okay.

- That's ridiculous! You're beautiful!

00:15:39,196 --> 00:15:40,979 So, you ever kiss another girl?

00:16:02,778 --> 00:16:05,443 Alex, I've been thinking, and...

00:19:25,964 --> 00:19:28,684 - What's going on?

- There was a little accident, but Jay's telling Phil how much he loves him. Well, that's nice for Phil.

00:20:40,704 --> 00:20:42,565 But just for a few times. I didn't want to mess with his head.

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Unit 4 Jeloou 2Âş de Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

UNIT 4 Relationships Social Networks Do the names MySpace, Facebook, Orkut, etc. ring a bell? They probably do because they are some of the most popular sites on the internet today. These sites are all called 'social networking' sites because they help people meet and discuss things online. Each of these social networking sites has its own strengths: MySpace is especially popular among teenagers, Facebook is popular with college age people, Orkut is especially loved in Brazil, and CyWorld is the site to visit in South Korea. The common thread between all of these social networks is that they provide a place for people to interact, rather than a place to go to read or listen to 'content'.

Web 2.0 Social networks are considered to be web 2.0. What does this mean? To understand this, it's important to understand what the original web did (often called web 1.0). Back in the nineties, the internet - or web - was a place to go to read articles, listen to music, get information, etc. Most people didn't contribute to the sites. They just 'browsed' the sites and took advantage of the information or resources provided. Of course, some people did create their own sites. However, creating a site was difficult. You needed to know basic HTML coding (the original language the internet uses to 'code' pages). It certainly wasn't something most people wanted to do as it could take hours to get a basic page just right. Things began to get easier when blogs (from web log) were introduced. With blogs, many more people began writing 'posts', as well as commenting on other people's blogs.

MySpace Surprises Everybody In 2003 a site named MySpace took the internet by storm. It was trying to mimic the most popular features of Friendster, the first social networking site. It quickly became popular among young users and the rest was history. Soon everyone was trying to develop a social networking site. The sites didn't provide 'content' to people, they helped people create, communicate and share what they loved including music, images and videos. They key to the success of these sites is that they provide a platform on which users create the content. This is very different from the beginning of the internet which focused on providing 'content' for people to enjoy.

Key to Success Relying on users to create content is the key to the success of web 2.0 companies.

Besides the social networking sites discussed here, other huge success stories include: Wikipedia, Digg.com and the latest success - Twitter. All of these companies rely on the desire of users to communicate with each other, thereby creating the 'content' that others want to consume.

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Words or expressions you have to learn 1. social network ______________ 2. to ring a bell ______________ 3. site ______________ 4. strength – weakness ______________ 5. common thread ______________ 6. to interact ______________ 7. content ______________ 8. to browse a site ______________ 9. code / coding ______________ 10. blog - web log ______________ 11. post ______________ 12. to comment on ______________ 13. to take by storm ______________ 14. to mimic ______________ 15. the rest was history ______________ 16. platform ______________ Q: Which social networking site was not mentioned in the reading?

MySpace LinkedIn Facebook Q: What is Facebook?

A blog A content site A social networking site Q: Where is Orkut especially popular?

In Japan In South Korea In Brazil Q: Which phrase best describes what people do at social networking sites?

They interact with other people.

They browse articles and other content.

They code pages in HTML. Q: Social networks are considered: Web 1.0 sites Web 2.0 sites Web blogs

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Unit 4 Jeloou 2Âş de Bachillerato

JosĂŠ Luis Navarro Piqueras

Q: What was the original web mainly used for?

Interacting with other people Browsing content Creating pages in HTML Q: Why didn't many people create web pages in the beginning?

They didn't like communicating with others.

They didn't feel comfortable coding HTML pages.

They didn't know they could create web pages.

Q: Which is the best description of web 2.0 sites?

They are content driven sites.

They are platforms for interaction.

They are like blogs, but better.

Q: What do web 2.0 sites rely on?

Articles written by professional journalists Users creating content Fast internet connections Q: What is most important for these new sites?

Users' desire to communicate with each other Users' desire to read interesting content written by professionals Users' desire to learn coding Adapted from http://esl.about.com/od/readingintermediate/a/r_social.htm

Writing: Do you use the social networks? What are the advantages and disadvantages?

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Unit 4 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Vocabulary: relationships and feelings 1. What nouns can be formed from these adjectives? angry ____________ sad _____________ happy _____________ proud _____________

jealous_____________

embarrassed _____________

2. Find the logical ending on the right for each of the sentence beginnings on the left.

Fie was very proud when a someone stole his money.

He was very jealous when

b his father appeared on TV with the Prime Minister.

He was very embarrassed when

c he heard that his aunt had died.

He was very angry when

d he saw those big dogs running towards him.

He was very sad when

e he bought her a birthday present on the wrong day.

He was very frightened when

f his best friend went out with the girl he really liked.

3. Ask and answer these questions with your partner.

1. Would you feel embarrassed or upset (or both) if you forgot your mother’s birthday or your father’s birthday?

2. Do you ever feel frightened in a car (as a passenger) because you are going very fast?

3. Do you get angry when other people want you to do things that you don’t want to do?

4. If you made a stupid mistake in English, would you feel embarrassed?

5. Is there any one thing that you are very proud of?

6. Are there any common situations where you sometimes feel embarrassed?

4. Organise these words into pairs of opposites and write them below. mean hard-working stupid

clever tense miserable

nice cheerful

lazy generous

relaxed unpleasant

Positive _____________________________________________________ Negative ____________________________________________________

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Unit 4 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

5. What prefix forms the opposite of each of these words? (You need three different prefixes.) kind _____________ flexible _____________ friendly _____________ honest _____________

reliable _____________

ambitious_____________

pleasant _____________

sensitive_____________

6. How would you describe the person in each of these descriptions?

1. He never bought me a drink all the time we were together. _____________ 2. I have to tell her what to do every minute of the working day. She wouldn’t even open a window without someone’s permission. _____________ 3. He often promises to do things but half the time he forgets. _____________ 4. She’s always here on time. _____________ 5. I don’t think he’s done any work since he’s been here. _____________ 6. She finds it difficult to meet people and talk to strangers. _____________ 7. He could work in any of the departments, and it doesn’t matter to him if he’s on his own or part of a team _____________ 8. One of the great things about her is that she is so(aware onwhat other people think or feel. _____________ 9. Bob, on the other hand, is the complete opposite. He is always making people angry or upset because he just doesn’t consider their feelings. _____________ 10. The other thing about Bob is that he really wants to get the supervisor’s job and then become boss for the whole department. _____________ Adapted from Stuart Redman English Vocabulary in Use CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1997

Writing: Write a short paragraph describing your best friend, the aspects of his/her personality you like best or you dislike most

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Unit 4 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

Grammar GRAMMAR BASICS THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES FORMS: There are four main types of conditional sentences 1. First Conditional: If I see (FUTURE) him your

(PRESENT) Andrew

at the meeting, I ‘ll give

message

2. Second Conditional: If my parents were (SIMPLE PAST) alive, they would be (WOULD + INFINITIVE) proud of me.

3. Third Conditional: If she had worked (PAST PERFECT) harder, she would have passed (WOULD HAVE + PARTICIPLE) the exam 4. Zero conditional: If I get up (SIMPLE PRESENT) early, I work (SIMPLE PRESENT) better

1. The following sentences are first, second or third conditional. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.

We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible.

If it had been (be) a nice day, we would have gone (go) for a picnic.

1. Why don’t you explain everything to him? If you _____________ (not tell) him the truth, I’m sure you _____________(regret) it one day.

2. Jennifer was here not long ago. If you _____________ (come round) earlier, you _____________ (see) her.

3. Apparently, the ferry company are planning to close the port in this town. If that ____________(happen), the town ____________ (lose) a great deal of money.

4. I_____________ (help) you with it if I _____________ (have) more time, but I’m afraid I haven’t got any spare time at all at the moment.

5. The government is expecting to win the next election, but if it _____________ (lose), the Prime Minister _____________ (resign) from politics.

6. I am so glad that you took me to your friend’s party. If we _____________ (not go) there, I _____________ (never meet) Adrian.

7. It’s ridiculous that trains are so expensive. If fares _____________ (be) cheaper, I’m sure more people _____________ (use) the train and leave their cars at home.

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Unit 4 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

8. If she _____________ (get) that job she’s applied for, she _____________ (be) delighted . And I think she’s got a good chance of getting it.

9. Fortunately the explosion took place at night when the streets were empty. It ____________ (be) a disaster if it _____________ (happen) in the middle of the day.

10. The talks between the two leaders keep breaking down. If they _____________ (break down) again, it is possible that there _____________ (be) a war between the two countries.

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form Oh dear, I think we’re a bit late. If the concert’s already started, we won’t be allowed (not be allowed) to go in.

1. He wouldn’t be coming here if he ____________

(not want) to.

2. If you were planning to leave your husband, I ____________ (advise) you against it.

3. He could be earning lots of money now if he really ____________(want) to, but I don’t think that’s what he wants.

4. You can stay here tonight if you _____________ (not have) anywhere else to stay.

5. If I could have phoned you, I ____________ (tell) you what was happening.

6. If you ____________(have) any problems, give me a ring.

7. We could have got there in time if you _____________ (phone) us earlier.

8. If this should happen again, _____________ (come) and _____________ (tell) me about it immediately.

9. You can’t expect kindness and support from your family if you _____________ (not give) the same to them.

10. If she’s been working all day, she _____________ (be) very tired when she gets in.

11. If the management were to reinstate the strike leader, the strike _____________ (be called off).

12. If I _____________(keep) working on this essay, I’ll have finished it by tonight.

13. If I could borrow some money, I _____________ (definitely come) on the holiday with you, but I think it’s unlikely.

14. I might have been able to help you if you _____________ (explain) the problem to me.

15. If I could live wherever I wanted to, I think I _____________ (choose) to live on a Scottish island.

Adapted from: Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Students Elaine Walker and Steve Elsworth Pearson Education Limited 2000

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3. Match the clauses and write the mixed conditional sentences in your notebook 1 If you had told me about this problem A he probably won’t be at the meeting. earlier, 2 If you were a more sensitive person,

B you could always ring them up.

3 If they don’t contact you soon,\

C his wife would never have left him.

4 If he hadn’t died so young,

D you wouldn’t have said that to her.

5 If he didn’t work so hard all the time 6 If the train hadn’t been delayed,

E I would have had them by now.

F everything would be all right now.

7 If he was feeling ill this morning,

G would you hurry up and get ready?

8 If you’re coming with us,

H you wouldn’t be so busy this month.

9 If I really wanted to have children,

I we would be there by now.

10 If you had worked harder last month, J I’m sure he’d be a famous musician by now

GRAMMAR BASICS WISH CLAUSES Wish + past simple: to express dissatisfaction with a present situation I wish she didn’t… (but she does) / I wish she did … ( but she doesn’t) Wish + would: To express dissatisfaction and annoyance about something that we would like to be different but that we do not expect to be different.

I wish it would stop raining (but it won’t, I don’t think it will) Wish + past perfect: to express regrets about the past I wish I had studied harder (but I didn’t and now I regret it)

Rewrite I haven’t got a car. I would very much like to have one.

I wish I had a car.

I went to bed late last night. I regret it now.

I wish I hadn’t gone to bed late last night.

1.

We don’t live in a nice big flat. I would like us to.

2.

I didn’t buy that dress. I regret it now.

3.

He won’t stop shouting. I would like him to

4.

I lost my temper I regret it now.

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José Luis Navarro Piqueras

5.

You didn’t tell me the truth. I am very sorry that you didn’t.

6.

You’re playing that music. I would like you to stop playing it but I don’t expect

that you will.

7.

I didn’t go to that concert. I regret it now.

8.

I don’t have an interesting job. I would like my job to be more interesting.

9.

My family live a long way from here. I would like them to live nearer to me.

10.

You’re not listening to me. I feel annoyed about it and I would like you to listen

to me but I don’t think you will.

11.

I am not with him now. I would very much like to be.

12.

I spent all my money on that new coat. I regret it now.

13.

I’m really hungry now. We didn’t eat before we came out and I regret that.

Adapted from English Vocabulary in Use CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1997

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES 1. Match words from the box on the left with words from the box on the right to form 12 compound compound adjectives. good

well

easy ten brand part first

north short badly left second

new written looking hand going time

known class sleeved handed east pound

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

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2. Complete the compound adjectives in these sentences. sentences.

1. They were both wearing shor- ____________ shirts.

2. We stayed in a five- ____________ hotel.

3. There is a shop in London which sells things for left-____________ people.

4. He’s just bought a brand- ____________

car.

5. The airport is about ten miles south- ____________of the city centre.

6. One little girl was very badly- ____________; she kept shouting during lunch and then threw food all over the floor.

7. She’s just got a ____________-time job; she works three hours a day on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.

8. It was a very badly- ____________ article: I noticed several punctuation mistakes and lots of spelling mistakes.

9. They’re very well- ____________, so they can afford to go to expensive bars.

10. It’s a twenty- ____________ walk to the house, but it takes much less than that in the car.

11. She’s got a little stall in the market where she sells second-

things.

12. When I saw her last night, she was dancing with a very good-

young man in

a white suit.

13. I was astonished when the man at the next table gave the waiter a ten_____________ note as a tip.

14. Have you ever met a well- ____________ actor or politician?

15. I had a nice time with my cousin - he’s good company and very easy- ________ jtom09.files.wordpress.com/ PREPOSITIONS Finish these questions with the correct preposition, then write a short answer for each one.

1. What exactly is she worried ____________?

2. What subjects is she good___________

?

3. Who is she waiting ____________ ?

4. What job is she applying ____________

?

5. What programme is she listening _____________ ?

6. What did she complain ____________

?

7. What did she apologise ____________

?

8. Who does this car belong _____________ ?

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9. I know she was angry but who was she shouting ____________ ?

10. What kind of films is she interested _____________

?

11. What will the decision depend ____________?

12. What is she afraid ____________?

Connectors practice Fill in the gaps with the proper connector in the box So

so that

although

when

since

1 I need an office to myself ______ I can get some work done.

2 Write it down ______ you don't forget.

3 I need to get to work early ______ I can finish the report before the meeting.

4 I'll tell her ______ I see her.

5 ______ you left, the atmosphere in the office has not been as nice.

6______ he was the best qualified candidate, he didn't get the job.

7 He is learning English ______ he can get a better and more interesting job.

8 ______ you think of all the people who could have got the job, it seems ridiculous that he was chosen.

9 I'm going to buy a new Beetle, ______ I do think they are over-priced.

10 ______ you're next in Chicago, give me a call.

11 ______ you already know Mary, you should go to meet her at the airport.

12 ______ we would like to open a branch in Oxford now, we will probably wait for another year or so.

13 The job is badly paid ______ I'm looking for another one.

14 I hate living in London ______ I'm moving to the country.

15 I don't know him very well, ______ I have met him socially on a couple of times.

16 I don't know ______ I'll be back.

17 I haven't seen her ______ last Summer.

18 ______ we have so much to do, let's delay discussing this until our next meeting.

19 We're not making much profit ______ we need to raise our prices.

20 The exercise was boring ______ I stopped Adapted from http://www.better-english.com/grammar/con2.htm

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Unit 4 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

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Reading and writing Worth Working For Paola and Imran have been married for 8 years. They have had many good times together. They have travelled the world together. They have two little girls together.

They have started a chocolate business together.

Lately, Paola and Imran have been fighting a lot. Business at the chocolate store is slow.

Imran thinks it is Paola’s fault. They are having trouble with money. Paola thinks Imran spends too much.

One evening, Paola decides to visit her mom for advice. Paola knocks on her mom’s door. Paola’s mom is happy. It is a surprise visit. She quickly sees, however, that something is wrong.

Paola looks sad and tired. “Paola, what is the matter?” Mom asks. Paola tells her mom all that is going on.

Mom smiles gently. She rubs Paola’s back. Then she tells Paola a story.

“Your father and I have a wonderful marriage. But we don’t always get along. There was a time when things were very bad between us. We fought all the time. You were just a little girl. One day we watched you playing on the floor. We knew we wanted to make our marriage work. We loved you very much. We loved each other very much.

We knew we had to work harder on our marriage.”

“What did you do?” asks Paola.

“We agreed to talk more. We planned a special night each week for the two of us. We went to see someone who helps people with their marriages,” Mom says. “It was worth it. I can’t imagine not having your father in my life.”

Paola begins to feel better. “You are right,” she says. “What Imran and I have is worth working for.”

Answer these questions: 1) Why does Paola want to see her mom?

A. to have dinner B. to get advice C. to have a laugh D. to see how she is doing 2) Where does the talk take place?

A. at Mom's house B. at a restaurant C. at Paola's house D. at the chocolate store 3) What good times have Paola and Imran had?

Check all that are correct.

A. □ They have travelled the world.

B. □ They have had two children.

C. □ They have built a house.

D. □ They have started a business

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4) How long have Imran and Paola been married?

5)Why does Mom seem to know how Paola feels?

A. She is a good guesser.

B. She has been told by Imran C. She and Paola have discussed this problem before D. She has experienced the same problem before in her own marriage 6 )What advice does Mom give Paola? Check all that are correct.

A. □ Give up.

B. □ Talk to each other.

C. □ Work hard.

D. □ Tell the children.

7) How does Paola feel at the end of the talk with her Mom? A. sad B. better C. grim D. stupid 8)What kind of relationship does Paola seem to have with her Mom? Check all that are correct.

A. □ open B. □ tense C. □ angry D. □ loving 9) What does the reader NOT learn in this story?

A. what Imran has to say B. why Paola visits her mom C. how many kids Paola and Miran have D. what kind of business Paola and Imran have 10) What lesson does Paola learn?

A. Two children is too many.

B. Marriage should be easy.

C. Eight years of marriage is too long.

D. Even a good marriage can sometimes be hard work.

Adapted from http://readtheory.org/intermediate/Worth_Working_For.htm

Writing: what are the advantages and disadvantages of having a boyfriend/girlfriend?

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Speaking and writing: FRIENDS DISCUSSION STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B) 1)

What do friends mean to you?

2)

What makes a friend a best friend?

3)

What makes you a good friend?

4)

Is it easy for you to make friends?

5)

Do you have any particularly close friends?

6)

Do you stay in touch with all of the friends you’ve made?

7)

Which long-lost friend would you like to see again?

8)

Is there a difference in friendship between your male friends and female friends?

9)

What would life be like without friends?

10)

Do you ever worry about losing your friends?

STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A) 1)

Are friends sometimes more important than family?

2)

Do you agree with the expression “a friend in need is a friend in deed”?

3)

How similar are you to your friends?

4)

Do you think you have a special understanding with your friends?

5)

At which stages of life is it easier to make friends?

6)

Are your childhood friends those you have strongest bonds with?

7)

What’s the nicest thing you’ve ever done for your friends?

8)

How often do you fall out with your friends?

9)

If you could choose any friend in the world, who would it be?

10)

What is the most valuable thing you have to offer as a friend? http://www.esldiscussions.com

Writing:. What are your partner’s ideas?

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Reading and writing:

AMISH LIFESTYLE Amish, often referred to as plain people, maintain a very distinct lifestyle. They use few modern conveniences and keep a horse and buggy as their means of conveyance.

Buggies are a common sight in Lancaster as they clip-clop down country roads as well as more travelled routes.

Amish easily are identified by their manner of dress, which, they feel, is a symbol of their separation from the world and a constant reminder of their commitment to God and their religion.

Men and boys wear dark suits, coats without lapels, pastel-coloured shirts, a straw or black broad-brimmed hat and black shoes. Women wear skirts with long sleeves and high necks topped off with caps and white or black aprons. They also wear select pastel colours. Wire hook-and-eye fasteners, straight pins and velcro are used as fasteners.

Women and men do not wear jewellery or embellishments such as buttons (although, some buttons are worn on winter coats) on their clothes in order to maintain humility and disavow anything that might gain them recognition, such as distinctive dress.

Likewise, Amish do not style thir hair, wear makeup, manufactured clothing or anything to alter God’s creation.

Black is the dominating colour for Amish life but, ironically, Amish are buried in white.

Married men wear a beard. Mustaches are taboo since they were once associated with military officers and Amish are pacifists. Men keep their hair trimmed in a single layer, unparted cut that dips to the earlobe on the sides and above the collar in the back of the head.

Intelligencer Journal Sunday 21/12/97 QUESTIONS 1. Match the following words to the definitions.

Fastener (9) Conveyance(2)

Commitment(5)

Disavow(11)

_______________: Strong belief in an idea or system, especially when it is shown by your actions and behaviour. _______________: Vehicle. _______________: When you say that you are not connected with it or responsible for it. _______________: Device such as a button or a zip or safety pin that fastens something, especially clothing.

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2. Asnwer the following questions a. Why are Amish referred to as plain people? b. When do Amish people wear clothes in white? c. Why do they not wear luxurious things?

2. Are the following statements True or False? a. Amish people never wear buttons b. Every men wears a beard

3. Composition. Write about the advantages of technology in our daily life

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Water commercial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ez9mySrjrk

First clip (up to 22 seconds) What colour is the horse?

What does the woman say?

How is the woman dressed?

Why does the man go back to the horse?

What do you think is going to happen?

Second clip (up to the end) What is the woman doing in the man’s imagination of the future?

Who is getting out of the bathroom? What does she have in her hand?

What is the man doing?

How many children are there?

How does the story finish?

What is being advertised?

Writing: why do think he left?

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Reading and speaking MARRIAGE Text for dictation:______ Britain has one of the highest marriage and divorce rates in Western Europe. The average age for first marriages is now approximately 28 for men and 26 for women.

Nearly 40% of British marriages are remarriages where one or both partners have already been divorced. The average age when divorces occur is about 39 for men and 36 for women. For the Anglican and Catholic churches, marriage is for life, but for between one third and a half of British husbands and wives, marriage is for about ten years.

Nearly a third of British babies are born outside marriage and about half of these are born to couples with stable relationships living at the same address. Attitudes towards different kinds of relationships have become far more liberal in Britain in recent decades. Cohabitation has become far more acceptable and some ministers of the Church of England are even prepared to marry people who have already been divorced.

Many couples appreciate the atmosphere and symbolism of a church wedding, though others prefer the simplicity and honesty of a registry office. In other words, they attach little or no importance to the religious aspect of marriage, although they may still want a legal contract.

Discussion questions:______ask and answer 1. Are you for or against trial marriages i.e. living together outside marriage to test your compatibility?

2. Do you think that marriage should be for life? Should divorce be made easier or more difficult?

3. Why do you think that the divorce rate has become so high in Britain and many other countries?

4. Is it better to marry someone of the same educational, social, cultural and racial background?

5. Is it better to marry someone of approximately the same age? Should the man be older than the woman?

6. How important is the religious aspect of marriage to you? Which aspects are more important, if any?

7. Should it be legal to marry more than one partner at the same time?

8. Should it be legal to marry someone of the same sex? Should marriages between gay and lesbian partners be recognised by the church?

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_MARRIAGE

Adapted from http://www.btinternet.com

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Listening and writing: Letters In these letters from girls to a magazine, and the magazine’s answers, you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean.

Marriage = matrimonio Drug = droga Success = éxito Teeth = / dientes Here is the beginning of letter number 1:

Dear Moira: I’m going out with a married man. He’s only two years older than I am, but he has a daughter and has been married since April of this year. He means everything to me.

How do I deal with the situation?

Mary, 17

Questions 1. Letter 1. Which of the following is true?

This situation will probably have a happy ending.

There is no chance of a happy ending to this situation.

There are some easy ways of solving the situation.

2. Letter 1. Who has had a daughter?

It’s Mary who has had a daughter.

Mary and the man have had a daughter.

The man has had a daughter with his wife.

3. Letter 1. Which of the following is true?

The man takes drugs.

The man uses her like a drug.

The girl and the man take drugs.

4. Letter 1. In the future, Moira says Mary ... will find another man. will insult this man. will marry this man.

5. Letter 2. Why does Roxy feel bad?

She hates her teeth.

She hates boys.

Boys hate her.

6. Letter 2. What does Moira tell her to do?

She must go to the orthodontist.

She can look at different options.

She should change her teeth.

7. Letter 2. Which of the following is true?

The fashion photographer liked Moira’s teeth very much.

The fashion photographer hated Madonna’s teeth.

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The fashion photographer hated Roxy’s teeth.

8. Letter 2. Did Moira go to the orthodontist?

Yes, when she was at the high school.

No, she didn’t.

Yes, when she was working at a fashion magazine.

9. Letter 2. What does Moira’ ’s husband think about her teeth?

They are like everyone else’s teeth.

They are his favourite part of her face.

He doesn’t like them much.

10. Letter 2. In the future Roxy ... should be more confident about herself. should forget about boys. should be interested in having perfect teeth.

Comisión Interuniversitaria de Galicia PAU Septiembre 2009

Writing: Your friend has just been left by his/her fiancé. He/she is very sad. Write a letter to cheer your friend up.

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Reading and writing: Mass media Actor Robert Redford says documentaries have replaced newspapers as the media's main source of investigative journalism. The movie star, who played Watergate reporter Bob Woodward in "All The President's Men", said newspaper standards were in "steep decline". "That's why documentaries have become so important," he told the BBC. "They are probably a better form of truth," Redford is bringing several documentaries to the inaugural Sundance London film festival in April The three-day event, which is being held the 02 arena, will promote some of the films seen at the event's regular home, in Utah, this January, Launched in 1978, Sundance is a showcase for independent cinema and has helped launch the careers of directors such as Steven Soderbergh and Quentin Tarantino. It debuted two years after "All The President’s Men", which showed how two reporters at the Washington Post broke the story of the Watergate scandal, leading directly to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. In an extended interview with BBC Arts Editor Will Gompertz, Redford said the revelations had marked a "high point" for US newspapers. "I came in when journalism had reached an climax of morality and professionalism, and I was very lucky," he said. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17534932

Answer these questions using your own words: In what way have documentaries replaced newspapers?

What is the importance of the Sundance London film festival according to the text?

What marked a "high" point for US newspapers according to Redford?

Write a for and against composition on: Information on Television, is it reliable?

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Listening : Listen and fill in the gaps in this script Modern Family 4 00:00:34,958 --> 00:00:36,959 Why aren't they trying to hurt each other?

00:01:21,972 --> 00:01:22,905 Hi, honey.

Hi. I-I didn't know you were in town. You didn't call.

00:03:04,474 --> 00:03:07,776 In a tiny, little office of a judge in colombia.

00:04:03,800 --> 00:04:06,635 Then it was gross.

00:07:33,318 --> 00:07:37,921 I just can't give myself to him sexually.

- Okay, mom.

Did not see that coming.

Oh, don't get me wrong. We satisfy each other down there. -Yeah, don't want to...

00:08:35,180 --> 00:08:36,647 Hey. - Hey. Boy [clears throat] Things with your mom got pretty intense down there, huh?

All like east coast/west coast. You feelin' me?

00:10:02,767 --> 00:10:04,368 So, do you -- do you remember How mom gave up a career to raise us?

Promising career.

Oh, god.

- Claire?

- Mom. - Why so long?

-Mm, I know.

00:12:17,068 --> 00:12:20,537 Dylan is no Ricky.

- Ricky -- ricky was a poet.

00:14:58,596 --> 00:15:00,797 And I'm not going to like it one bit.

No, that's great.

00:16:26,417 --> 00:16:28,218 Which is why this is a terrible idea by you!

-Okay, that's just great.

- So it's all up to me.

. Jay, manny, let's go.

00:18:48,759 --> 00:18:50,327 But it's -- it's not just that. It's that she's got this killer confidence -You know, the kind of confidence That you get from having a family like this, 00:20:29,994 --> 00:20:31,561 * maybe that would heal you *

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Unit 5 Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato

José Luis Navarro Piqueras

UNIT 5 TOURISM

A tour of London street survival On a typical London walking tour, you don’t expect to hear about buildings that are used as brothels, places that are squats for homeless people and doorways that are considered great places to sleep - but this was no ordinary visit.

Our guide Vinny (who didn’t give his surname) was leading an Unseen Tour of Mayfair, London’s most exclusive neighbourhood. Unlike most of the surrounding population, he literally lived on these streets for years, and in a little over an hour he showed us a very different side to Mayfair’s glamour.

The Unseen Tours of London are coordinated by the Sock Mob, a network of volunteers working with London’s homeless population, and led by trained guides who are or have been homeless. Each guide takes groups around “their district” of London and mixes personal stories of life on the street with interesting anecdotes and trivia about the neighbourhood.

I thought I knew Mayfair well but Vinny shared many stories with our group that were both surprising and entertaining. He took us to what is reputed to be London’s most haunted house (in the lavish surroundings of Berkeley Square), he told us about the world’s first telephone call, which was made from Brown’s Hotel, and just off Bond Street he pointed out a little-known piece of graffiti by Britain’s most celebrated street artist, Banksy. But it was Vinny’s insights into the world of the homeless that really struck a chord. He stopped at a few of the many empty buildings (there are around 100,000 in London) that homeless people try to enter in the winter months to survive the cold nights. He also shared his own experiences of life on the street; it was particularly distressing to hear about the occasional abuse he suffered from passers by.

While Unseen Tours offer valuable employment to the guides, there are far more reasons to support the enterprise than merely helping a good cause. By sharing these stories of survival, the guides offer visitors a chance to experience the city from a very unusual perspective. Having seen the brothels next door to the fancy restaurants and the squatters’ homes alongside the millionaires’ mansions, I for one, will never see Mayfair through the same eyes again. http://www.bbc.com/travel/blog/20120627-a-tour-of-london-street-survival

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Exercises: 1. 25 words or expressions you need to know: 1. brothel _____________ 2. squats _____________ 3. homeless _____________ 4. doorways _____________ 5. neighbourhood _____________ 6. Unlike ____________ 7. entertaining _____________ 8. haunted ____________ 9. lavish ____________ 10. insight ____________ 11. strike a chord ____________ 12. empty ____________ 13. share ____________ 14. own ____________ 15. particularly ____________ 16. distressing ____________ 17. occasional ____________ 18. abuse ____________ 19. passers by _____________ 20. far more _____________ 21. support _____________ 22. enterprise _____________ 23. merely _____________ 24. chance ____________ 25. fancy ____________ 2. Express with your own words what street survival means

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3. Answer these questions: 1. What do you hear you don’t expect?

2. How long does the tour last?

3. What is the Sock Mob? 4. Why are the touring guides different?

5. Who is Banksy?

6. What was really moving about Vinny?

7. What happened to Vinny from time to time?

8. What is the main purpose of the Unseen Tours?

9. What do the guides share?

10. Why will the author’s view of London change?

4. Are these sentences true (T) of false (F)?

COPY the literal words from the text that justify your answer 1. ______ There is a bus that takes tourists around London

2. ______ The author prefers not to say Vinny’s surname

3. _____ All the guides are homeless and untrained

4. _____ The surroundings of Berkeley Square are a poor neighbourhood

5. _____ All the guides are Sock Mob volunteers

5. Writing Have you ever seen a homeless in your town? What do you think should be done?

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Grammar

GRAMMAR BASICS DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES The family who live next door moved here from Ireland.

Who live next door is a defining relative clause, because it informs us which family moved to Ireland.

The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause That is the woman who/that I met in Paris

For people For things

Subject

Object

Possessive

who/that that/which

no Dronoun/who/that no pronoun/that/which

whose —

1. Join the two sentences together, making the second sentence a defining relative clause 1. I don’t like the people. They are staying with the Browns.

2. I like books. They make you think about things.

3. I’m looking for the person. I’ve just hit their car.

4. Most of the books are still popular today. I read them as a child.

5. You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop. It has just opened in the high street.

6. The woman is coming back to work soon. I’m doing her job.

7. Is she the new television presenter? Everyone’s talking about her.

8. People have very little money to spend on leisure. They have a lot of leisure time.

9. Is Technico the company? Sarah works for them.

10. This is the job. I’ve always wanted it.

11. The swimming pool is only open to the public in the mornings. I use it.

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12. We’ve just bought a computer package. It teaches you how to play the piano 13. My favourite holiday was that one. We spent it in a cottage in the mountains 14. We haven’t seen the friends for ten years. They are coming to visit us this weekend

GRAMMAR BASICS NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES The boy who lives next door is having a party tonight.

The underlined clause is a defining relative clause. It tells us which boy is being talked about.

There are no commas before and after a defining relative clause.

Darren, who lives next door, is having a party tonight.

The underlined clause is a non-defining relative clause. It does not tell us which boy we are talking about; we already know that from the name. It gives us extra information about Darren.

A non-defining relative clause in the middle of a sentence has a comma before and after it. A non-defining relative clause at the end of a sentence has a comma before it and a full stop at the end.

The relative pronoun can’t be omitted

1. Rewrite these sentences making the second sentence into a nondefining relative clause and putting it into the correct place.

When I was in town, I met your sister. She was shopping for some clothes.

When I was in town, I met your sister, who was shopping for some clothes.

1. Their house needs a lot of work doing to it. It is near the beach.

2. Sandra’s just got a new job with Capital Insurers. It’s a much better company than the last one she worked for.

3. The new manager seems to be a very capable woman. I met her last week.

4. This case is full of books. I carried it all the way from the station.

5. The Games International Company has just gone bankrupt. We have done business with them for many years.

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6. The hospital has handed out redundancy notices to all its staff. It is due to close down next year.

7. The prisoners are requesting more time out of their cells. Their families are campaigning on their behalf.

8. The new government is now facing major problems. It came to power with a lot of public support.

9. Her latest novel is really good. I read it on holiday.

10. The Home Affairs Minister is suspected of being involved in a financial scandal.

The opposition have accused the minister of lying.

11. The Education Department is changing its policy on single sex schools. Mrs Parkinson is in charge of the department.

12. The Lilley and Swan department store has made reductions on most of its goods.

The store has a sale on at the moment.

13. The principal actor could hardly speak last night due to a sore throat. He normally has a wonderful voice.

14. The sales manager is planning a new advertising campaign. I support her ideas.

2. Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence, using a relative clause with when, where or why.

1. The early morning is the time. I work best then.

2. The early morning is (the time) when I work best.

3. His mid-teens were the time. He first became interested in politics then.

4. His dishonesty is the reason. That’s why I left him.

5. Edinburgh is the city. I’d most like to live there.

6. The outdoor swimming pool has now been closed down. We often went there as children.

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7. This is a picture of the place. We’re going there for our holidays.

8. His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason. That’s why she is so angry with him.

9. This is the place. I fell off my bike here.

10. The people I work with are the reason. That’s why I stay in the job.

Vocabulary: tourism 1. Put these sentences in a logical order.

I paid my bill.

I checked in at reception.

I left the hotel.

I went up to my room.

I spent the night in the hotel.

I had an early morning call at seven o’clock.

I booked a room at the hotel.

I went out for dinner in a local restaurant.

I arrived at the hotel.

I got up and had a shower.

I had breakfast.

I tipped the porter who carried my luggage upstairs.

2. What would you say in these situations?

You want to stay in a hotel for two nights next week with your husband/wife. You phone the hotel. What do you ask or say?

You are at the hotel reception and you are planning to leave in about 15 minutes. What could you ask the receptionist?

You want to wake up at 7 a.m. but you don’t have an alarm clock. What do you ask at reception?

You have a drink in the hotel bar. The barman asks how you want to pay. What’s your reply?

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When you turn on the shower in your room, the water comes out very, very slowly.

What could you say at reception?

You want to go to the nearest bank but don’t know where it is. What do you ask at reception?

3. Which of these places do you usually visit or go to when you are on holiday? museums art galleries churches cathedrals tourist shops concerts discos/clubs castles palaces the cinema markets restaurants bars the theatre _____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

4, Writing Which was the last city you visited? What did you see there?

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Connectors Practice Draw a circle around the proper connector 1. You should stay home _____________you get your household chores finished. as long as

until

while

but

so that

2. I will ignore him _____________ he behaves like a fool. until

while

but

so that

as long as

3. Abner has dark curly hair, _ Answer _ he is starting to get bald. while

but

so that

as long as

until

4. The only reason she called him was _____________ he could apologize but

so that

as long as

until

while

while

but

5. Nero played the violin ____________ Rome burned. so that

as long as

until

6. Samantha had always wanted to go to Istanbul _____________ she read about the heat.

While

so that

until

as if

yet

7. Marvin felt _____________ he would have the flu forever so that

until

as if

yet

while

8. The monster moved slowly across the street _____________ it was almost upon us. until

as if

yet

while

so that

9. I have to call _____________the family knows I am going to be late. as if

yet

while

so that

until

10. The tax collector checked my tax papers_____________ I sat there and sweated. yet

while

so that

until

as if

11. It's hard for me to believe Clark Kent is Superman_____________ they say he really is. as long as

and

or

because

but

but

as long as

12. I like pizza _____________ it is salty and tasty. and

or

because

13. Cinderella could go to the ball _____________ she promised to return by midnight or

because

but

as long as

and

14. The job is too stressful _____________ the hours are good.

Because

but

as long as

and

or

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15. The space shuttle will launch _____________the weather is good But

because

as long as

and

or

16. Goblins pounded on the door ____________ the fairy godmother came and saved them.

Yet

or

as

if

until

17. I am only working _____________ I wait to win the lottery Or

as

if

while

until

18. He gives orders to his co-workers _____________ anyone cares as if

while

until

yet

or

19. "Give me a dollar _____________ give me a sandwich," said the beggar while

until

yet

or

as if

20. She wants to go out to see a movie, _____________ she feels a strange compulsion to stay home. until

yet

or

as if

while

Contrasting connectors: Choose the correct connector.

HOWEVER, ALTHOUGH, WHEREAS, ALSO, DESPITE, IN SPITE OF 1. _____________we left late, we still got there in time 2. It was a great evening _____________the terrible food.

3. They had a good holiday_____________ they had little money.

4. I love the sea _____________most of my friends prefer the mountains 5. We told Jim the car was too expensive. _____________he still bought it.

6. It is very busy during the week. At the weekend,_____________ , it's very quiet.

7. My cousin owns the factory opposite. He _____________runs the restaurant next door.

Adapted from http://englishmistakeswelcome.com/conjunctions_practice.htm

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Listening: Life in Greenland In this radio programme you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean. ice sheet: manto de hielo snowplow: máquina quitanieves dog sleds: trineos tirados por perros stink/ apestar sniff: oler spare change: calderilla Northern Lights: aurora boreal whistle: silbar Now read the questions on the following page. Read them carefully before listening to the conversation.

JOURNALIST: With us today is Chris Ryan, a student of Spanish Studies at the University of Lleida, who grew up in one of the world’s remotest nations, Greenland.

Today we will have the chance to learn more about Greenland and Greenlandic life.

QUESTIONS Choose the best answer according to the recording. Only ONE answer is correct.

Look at number 0 as an example.

0. How much of Greenland is covered on ice? _ 20% 80% _ The size of Spain. _ Half its surface.

1. What makes Chris uncomfortable about the hot weather? _ He’s never hot in Greenland. _ The way he has to dress for hot weather. _ He doesn’t like wearing shorts or t-shirts. _ He doesn’t know: he’s never been in Lleida in July.

2. According to Chris, what’s the main difference between winters in Greenland and in Spain? _ Everything stops in Spain if there’s 5 cm of snow. _ There are no snowplows in Spain to take snow away. _ In Greenland, people go wild when driving in the snow. _ Most shops close in Greenland when it snows.

3. Why did Chris like to go to Spain on holidays? Because… _ it was almost as if he had always lived there. _ he found Greenland boring. _ films and clothes in Spain were more updated. _ he could meet her grandparents.

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4. Why are you NOT allowed riding dog sleds in Nuuk? _ Because dogs are dangerous; they are not pets. _ Because dogs are kept as pets. _ Because a child was killed by a dog once. _ Because dog owners do not respect them.

5. How do people travel from town to town in Greenland? _ People have cars and bicycles. _ People fly by helicopter. _ People ride on dog sleds. _ People ride on reindeer sleds.

6. Why do Danish teachers and doctors go to work in Greenland? _ It’s only a four-hour flight to Denmark. _ It’s compulsory practice before working in Denmark. _ The pay is not very high but life is not expensive in Greenland. _ They are very well paid even if life in Greenland is expensive.

7. Which two things does Chris mention as strange habits on your birthday in Greenland?

— On your birthday, you… _ are sniffed and you throw coins in the air. _ have a piñata with coins instead of sweets. _ are sniffed and you are said to stink. _ throw coins in the air which the children collect.

8. Which is the local story behind the Northern Lights? _ The lights are spirits who take you if you whistle while they play. _ The lights are heads playing football. _ The lights are whistles that play with balls. _ People should whistle when the lights die out.

Oficina d.Organització de Proves d.Accés a la Universitat PAU 2012

Writing: What do you think about life in Greenland? Would you like to spend some time there? Why/why not?

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Speaking: Tourism QUESTIONS What country/town/city did you go to the last time?

How long did you stay in…/there?

How did you get there?

Did you plan your trip before going there?

Who did you go with?

How long did it take you to get to ____/there?

Have you been there before?

Did you get lost on the way there?

Did you have a good journey/flight/trip/voyage/cruise/tour?

What was the place/the hotel/ the campsite like?

Were there lots of interesting places to visit?

What is the local speciality?

What is the best area to have a look round?

What is the most famous monument?

Where is the best atmosphere at night?

What are the typical souvenirs?

Were there any places nearby to go to?

Did you have enough time to visit all the places you wanted?

What kind of things did you do ?

Did you have any problems if it was a package holiday?

ANSWERS I went to ….

I stay there for …….

I travelled by……. I drove there.

Yes, I went to a travel agency to …….

I went with ……..

It took me/ us ……..

No, It was the first time / Yes I had been there…

Well, I took a wrong turning and …..

Yes, there were no problems .No, the …… was awful It was ….. There were…… the ….. had ………

Yes, there was/ were ……

It’s the …… It’s a kind of ….

The best area is ….

It’s …….

Well there are …… where you can …….

Yes, there’s a small town ……

Yes/ No, I didn’t . I wanted to visit ….. but ….

We went + ing ……

Yes, I did / No, I didn’t

http://iteslj.org/questions/

Make notes with your partner’s answers and write a paragraph with them

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Listening: Sightseeing in town 1. Where are they planning to go in the morning?

A. to a park B. to an art museum C. to a shopping center 2. What kind of restaurant do they want to visit for lunch?

A. Italian B. Indonesian C. Indian 3. Why does the man want to visit the zoo in the afternoon?

A. The zoo will be closed the rest of the week.

B. The zoo is free to visitors that day only.

C. There are unusual animals on display.

4. Why does the woman want to go shopping instead?

A. She wants to buy mementos of their visit.

B. She saw some great prices at a shopping center.

C. She wants to buy a gift for her friend.

5. How do they plan to get to the seashore at the end of the conversation?

A. by taxi B. by bus C. by subway

Talk to your partner Imagine that you are visiting a new city for the first time as a tourist, whether it be Paris, London, Sydney, Rome, or New York City. Many people are looking for cheap travel ideas. What things would you like to do? What places would you visit? What would you buy? Does your choice of activities depend on whether you are on a Hawaiian honeymoon, a travel adventure, or on business? http://www.esl-lab.com/travel/travelrd1.htm

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Funny Commercials http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRiYkwtBK34 Clip one (up to 30 seconds) Where are the men?

What is the man on the left looking at?

Why do you think he is so interested?

Why is it an embarrassing situation?

Clip two (up to 44 seconds) What was the man looking at?

Clip 3 (up to 1.03) Why is the baby crying?

Who takes it from the cot?

What does the baby do?

Why is the message: “get in shape”?

Clip 4 (up to 1.44) What is the girl’s problem?

What does the man do when she is going to leave?

What does the girl do then?

How does it all end?

What is the message of this commercial?

Clip 5 (up to the end) What are the two women doing?

Where is the camera?

What do the men do with the camera?

Why do they do it?

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Reading and speaking __HOLIDAYS Text for dictation:______ In Britain, Tourist Information Centres can arrange short stays in Hotels, Guest Houses and Bed & Breakfast establishments. Bookings can be made either by phone or in person on arrival in large towns or cities. Clients can usually specify the part of town where they want to be based, though this may limit their choice of price-range. It is helpful to state whether you are looking for economical, medium-priced or luxury accommodation. A small deposit is usually required which is returnable if you inspect the room and decide you do not want it. If you take the room, the deposit is deducted from the bill.

For longer stays or holidays in other countries, it is usual to go to a travel agency. You can collect brochures from rival companies which offer packages in the countries and resorts which you are interested in. Many people go home and study the information.

The booking forms on the back of the brochures contain the information which the travel agent needs to know, should you wish to go ahead. You will need to decide the number in your party, the resort, the departure date, the duration, the type of accommodation, the eating arrangements ( full board, half board or self-catering ), travel or transport options ( e.g. air or sea ), car hire, equipment hire (e.g. skis), excursions, insurance cover and the method of payment.

When you return to the travel agent, you may have further questions to ask about the facilities for children, elderly or disabled people, the activities available or places of interest within easy reach of your resort. If you have chosen an all-inclusive package you may wish to know whether your investment contributes to the local economy of your holiday resort, whether it brings business and employment to local residents or whether your presence merely helps to exclude them from the best parts of their own beaches.

Discussion questions:______ask and answer 1. Do you prefer to book holidays through travel agents or to make your own arrangements? Describe your best and worst holidays?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these following forms of holiday accommodation: (a) five star hotel (b) budget hotel (c) guest house (d) bed & breakfast

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(e) farmyard cottage (g) ocean liner (h) student family (i) youth hostel (j) caravan (k) tent

3. Which form of accommodation did you have on your last holiday? Were you satisfied with it?

4. Which form of accommodation would you prefer for your next holiday and how many people would you like to accompany you?

5. What are your favourite holiday activities?

6. Has your country been spoilt by tourist developments?

7. A friend wants to get to know your country and is planning a tour.

What advice would you give about places to visit, travel, accommodation, eating out, shopping, sightseeing, things to bring and souvenirs to buy?

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__HOLIDAYS Adapted from http://www.btinternet.com___

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Reading and writing: tourism Read the text and the instructions to the questions very carefully.

Answer all the questions in English.

Some tourists prefer to travel in groups, with their holiday planned in advance for them, on what are known as package tours. However, the advantages of planning your holiday yourself are considerable. You are free to choose exactly where and when you want to go, how you want to travel, and how long you want to stay. You can avoid the large resorts, whereas holidaymakers on package tours are often trapped among crowds of other tourists. You can eat the food of the region at reasonable prices in local restaurants, while they are served with .international. dishes and chips with everything.

Moreover, although most people return from package holidays reasonably satisfied, this is not always the case. Take the nightmare experience of a Frenchman who went on a package to the Caribbean. The hotel in the small port was overbooked and he had to wander round the streets looking for a bed and breakfast place. While doing this he was arrested by the police for vagrancy. He was taken to court, where he told the magistrate it was the hotel’s fault, but the magistrate was the hotel manager’s brother and he charged the tourist with making false accusations.

He was sent to prison for eight days, by which time his return flight had left. He did not have enough money left for a return ticket so he went to a post office to send a telegram to his family in France asking for money. He was arrested even before he could send it and charged with illegal immigration, as he could now no longer be considered a tourist, having missed his flight. He now needed a work permit in order to stay, which he of course did not have. He was fined 500 dollars for this offence, and another 500 dollars when he again blamed the hotel. All things considered, a package holidays is no guarantee of satisfaction. I think I’d rather plan my holiday independently, or stay at home.

Questions: 1 Answer the following questions in your own words. The information must be taken from the text: a) According to the text, what are the main dangers of going on a package holiday ?

b) How do you know that the Caribbean country in the story was corrupt ?

2. Do you agree with the writer’s opinions about holidays ? Give reasons.

Comisión Interuniversitaria de Galicia PAU Junio 2002

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Listening : Listen and fill in the gaps in this script Listening: Modern family 5 00:00:20,018 --> 00:00:23,041 What part of Colombia are those French toaster sticks from?

00:00:51,211 --> 00:00:52,161 Hey, mom?

00:01:32,628 --> 00:01:34,844 <i>He's like this little Einstein.</i> 00:03:14,818 --> 00:03:16,403 <i>Hey, honey. What's up?</i> 00:04:38,769 --> 00:04:42,323 It's best if you work this out at home so the boys can go back to class, okay?

00:05:37,627 --> 00:05:39,546 - I'm not a sweeper.

- Trust me on this.

00:08:32,283 --> 00:08:33,583 I like football.

- Haley hates it.

00:10:10,524 --> 00:10:13,695 - Gloria, I'm really angry at Phil.

- Let's respect the process.

00:10:45,124 --> 00:10:47,270 I am sorry if you feel that way. I really am.

00:13:45,409 --> 00:13:47,471 Can I talk to you for a second?

Claire likes to say, you can be part of the problem or part of the solution.

00:15:11,579 --> 00:15:13,679 Claire just needs a little time.

00:16:39,421 --> 00:16:42,183 Gloria? Come on, let's talk about this. I've seen her kick in a door before.

00:18:07,636 --> 00:18:09,951

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UNIT 6 CELEBRATIONS

Guidelines for spending Ramadan in Dubai 18 Ju|y 2012 1

By Georgina Wilson-Powell

Ramadan -- the annual Muslim festival of fasting, sacrifice and worship - begins on 20 July. (Brent Winebrenner/LPI)

Ramadan -- the annual Muslim festival of fasting, sacrifice and worship -- gets underway across the world on 20 July and will last for 29 or 30 days, depending on lunar sightings.

Those used to Dubai's fast-paced nature will see a different side to the city as locals conservative Muslim roots come to the fore, with shorter business days, a quieter nightlife scene and an emphasis on spending time with loved ones. And for visitors to the city, there are a few dos and don'ts that will help you best enjoy this time of charity and peace.

Dos Do visit. Dubai does not shut down completely during Ramadan. Many expats and visitors to the city enjoy this time of year because most things remain open but the city empties out as both Muslims and expats head off for cooler shores. Public transport and taxis operate as normal, although come sunset most taxi drivers will stop for a while to break their fast. Muslims do not eat, drink or smoke between sunrise and sunset for the length of Ramadan, and in Dubai everyone must follow this rule. Alcohol is not banned during the Holy Month (like it is in nearby Qatar or Bahrain) and Dubai's tourist attractions like the Burj Khalifa (the tallest building in the world) or Wild Wadi Waterpark will not be as busy.

Make an effort to understand this religious time of year and what it means to the city. Visit Jumeirah Mosque where tour guides can explain how important this time of year is to Muslims for reflection and prayer, as they use the month to focus on 114

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their actions over the past year and to cleanse themselves for Eid Al Fitr, the festival at the end of Ramadan otherwise known as Islamic New Year.

Go to an iftar--the meal Muslims’ break their fast with every evening at sunset.

Almost every hotel offers an all-you-can-eat iftar feast during Ramadan, serving traditional Emirati and Arabic foods like slow cooked lamb and rice, as well as plenty of dates for energy for the next day. Beachside hotels like the Atlantis and Jumeirah Beach Hotel often erect grand iftar tents where people come to eat, play board games and smoke shisha, the flavoured tobacco synonymous with the Middle East that is smoked through a hookah pipe.

Don’ts During Ramadan, dress codes get more conservative. Dubai is usually relatively liberal, but during the Holy Month women should cover their shoulders and their legs down to their knees when out in public -- carry a pashmina or a shawl if you do not want to wear lots of layers. For men, it is shirts or T-shirts as usual but make sure shorts are knee length. Expect uncomfortable stares or even a fine if you ignore this rule during the Holy Month.

Everyone has to abide by the “do not eat, drink, smoke or chew gum in public between sunrise and sunset rule” -- and that includes tourists. These laws can be punished with fines or even jail time if broken. Restaurants will not be open during the day, but there are some designated cafes open for non-Muslims hidden away behind curtains in most shopping malls; ask at mall information booths for their location if you need a soft drink or a snack. It's easy to get dehydrated if you are not used to the summer heat.

Don't expect bars to open before 8 pm (depending on the time of sunset). Bars are open (clubs are not) during Ramadan, but they will be quieter and will not play any music, live or otherwise. You can still get a drink, however, once the sun goes down. http://www.bbc.com/travel/blog/20120716-guidelines-for-spending-ramadan-in-dubai

Georgina Wilson-Powell is the Dubai Localite for BBC Travel.

Exercises: 25 words you have to learn 1. Fasting _________________________ 2. Worship ________________________ 3. fast-paced _______________________ 4. come to the fore __________________ 5. business days ____________________ 6. nightlife scene ___________________ 7. visitors _________________________ 8. shut down ______________________ 9. expats __________________________ 115

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10. sunrise _________________________ 11. sunset __________________________ 12. banned _________________________ 13. busy ___________________________ 14. tour guides ______________________ 15. cleanse _________________________ 16. prayer __________________________ 17. otherwise _______________________ 18. Beachside _______________________ 19. flavour __________________________ 20. dress codes ______________________ 21. fine ____________________________ 22. abide___________________________ 23. punish __________________________ 24. shopping malls ___________________ 25. information booth _________________ Answer these questions: 1. What is Ramadan?

2. What does it depend on?

3. Why is Dubai different those days?

4. Where do many people go those days?

5. Why do taxis stop at sunset?

6. Which two tourist attractions are cited in the text?

7. When is the beginning of Islamic New Year?

8. Which is the traditional dish at the end of the day?

9. What could happen to you if you ignored the dressing code?

10. What can you do if you need a drink in the middle of the day?

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Are these sentences true (T) of false (F)? (Verdadero se escribe con T) COPY the literal words from the text that justify your answer ____1. Ramadan takes place at the same time every year ____2 During Ramadan, shops are open less time ___ 3 Women must cover their shoulders in public during Ramadan ___ 4 They keep some cafes open, but they are hidden behind a curtain ___ 5 Music in bars is quieter in Ramadan Now you know what life is like in Dubai during Ramadan, would you like to visit it? Why? /Why not? Explain your reasons

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Grammar BASIC GRAMMAR Modal auxiliaries These are the modals: Present can may will shall must ought to need

Past form could might would should — —

—

• FORM: Positive: subject + modal + bare infinitive:

I must see you tomorrow.

We must go now.

• Negative: subject + modal + not/n’t + bare infinitive: You shouldn’t go to bed so late.

They needn’t come if they don’t want to.

• Question: modal + subject + bare infinitive:

Can you help me?

Will she be here soon?

• Short answers: subject + modal auxiliary:

Yes, we can. No, they won’t.

Ability 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of can, could or be able.

He is very fit for his age. He can run (run) really fast.

I’d like to be able to work. (work) with you one day.

He _________________ not climb) up to the top: he was too scared.

1 I love _________________ (spend) all morning in bed at the weekends.

2 We ____________ (go) to that concert tomorrow if the tickets haven’t sold out.

3 I think you should go in the spring: it _____________(be) very crowded there in the summer.

4 I ________________ (not understand) what he says: he speaks too quickly.

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5 Do you know where Nick’s glasses are? He _______________ (not see) very much without them.

6 (speak)_____________________ another language fluently is a great advantage when you’re looking for a job.

7 Jonathan ______________________ (not say)anything until he was about three years old.

8 We __________________ but fortunately we

(not phone her up)because her phone had broken,

________________ (get) a message to her.

9 Amy’s exam results weren’t very good. She _________________ (do) better.

10 I_______________ (not sleep) very well for the last four nights. It’s been too hot.

11 She tried to think of other things but she ___________________ (not put) that awful memory out of her mind.

12 You should ____________________ (go out) when you want to.

13 I____________________ (ride) this bike soon: I just need more time to practise.

14 He doesn’t do very much when he’s here. He _________________ (be) more helpful.

15 I _____________ (play) tennis really well a few years ago, but not anymore.

Certainty, possibility, deduction: can, could, may, might, must, will, should, ought to 1. Complete the sentences with can, could, may, might, will, should, ought to or must and an infinitive in the appropriate form.

1

Kerry’s rather late. She _________________ (miss) the train.

2

Travellers’ cheques _____________________(be exchanged) at most banks.

3

They’re not answering the phone so they ________________________ (be) out.

4

Don’t phone her now. It _________________________ (be) the middle of the night in Australia.

5

They _______________________ (not move) house yet. I saw them in town this morning.

6

I haven’t seen Molly this week. I think she __________________ (visit) her parents but I’m not sure.

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Her exam results are coming out soon. She worked very hard so she _______________ (do) well.

8

That woman’s just fallen over. Let’s go and see her: she ________________ (be) hurt.

9

I don’t know where she is. She _________________ (not still play) tennis: it’s been dark for the last hour.

10 I sent the letter two days ago so he _________________ (get) it by now, but you can never be sure.

11 The encyclopaedias _________________ (be found) on the second floor of the library.

12 Jim’s been very quiet since his girlfriend went away. He _______________ (miss) her.

13 I ___________________________ (come) and visit you at the weekend.

Anyway, I’ll give you a ring to let you know.

14 She was with a man I didn’t recognize. It ___________________ (be) her brother because he looked a bit like her.

15 The roads are fairly quiet today so we ________________________ (have) a good journey.

16 ‘Do you think Josephine ________________________ (be) at home now?’ ‘No, she ________________________She __________________ (have) a swim.

She always does at this time in the morning.’

17 ‘Why do you think Tricia was in such a hurry?’ ‘I don’t know. She ___________________ (run) to catch the bus.’

18 These glasses __________________________ (be) Tim’s: they look a bit like his.

19 It ___________________________ (not rain): the ground’s completely dry.

20 I _____________________________ (join) the sports club in the summer but I haven’t decided yet.

21 What a terrible thing to have happened. You ____________________ (be) terrified.

22 I told her you were coming so she _____________________ (expect) you.

23 They’ve just rung the bell so the children ________________________(be) out of the classrooms in a minute.

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24 That looks like Jack but it _________________(not be) him. He went to live in Australia last year.

25 I’ve got a stomachache this morning. I __________________ (eat) too much last night or I (have) some sort of virus.

Advice, obligation, necessity: should, ought to, must, have to, have got to, need 1. Complete the sentences using the modals should, ought to, must, need or the verb have to in the correct tense and form. Put the infinitive into the appropriate form.

We .had to (leave) at 11 o’clock last night because the last bus went at 11.20.

1

I don’t think you __________________(offer) to help him. You’ve got enough

work to do yourself.

2

They _________________ (not pay) to stay in a hotel. They can stay with us.

3

We’ve been staying in a hotel for the last two weeks so we ________________

(not cook) our own meals.

4

You ______________ (come round) for dinner one evening. We haven’t had a

good talk for a long time.

5

We _____________________ (run) all the way to the station because we were

late for the train.

6

It’s your own fault that you’re so tired. You _________________ (not go) to

bed so late.

7

Why ____________________the prisoners (be locked) in their cells all day?

8

Hurry up. You __________________ (not have) a bath now. The taxi’s coming

in twenty minutes 9

You (not tell) him what happened. He would never forgive us.

10 You ______________________(not allow) Max to walk home from school every day on his own. He’s too young.

11 I don’t like _____________ (do) everything my boss tells me to do.

12 You ________________ (go) to that new French restaurant in town. It’s the best restaurant I’ve ever been to.

13 Tom _________________(not get up) early in the morning but everyone else in the house does.

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14 If I fail any one of my exams, I ___________________(take) all of them again in November.

Offers, requests, permission, suggestions: can, could, may, might, would, must, shall, would you mind Write what to say using can, could, may, might, shall, must, would, would you like, would you mind. There may be several possible answers.

1

Offer to open the door for a stranger.

Shall I open the door for you?

2

Ask someone to answer the phone for you.

Would you answer the phone for me, please?

1 Invite a friend to go for a swim this morning.

2 Offer to make someone a sandwich.

3 Request an appointment to see your bank manager, Ms Arnold.

4 Give someone permission to use your phone.

5 Suggest going for a picnic this afternoon.

6 Ask someone to wait here for you.

7 Give your son permission to go out but tell him to be back before dark.

8 You are in a train. Ask another passenger if you can open the window.

1. Rewrite the following sentences using a modal. The underlined words can be written as subject + modal + verb (or modal + subject + verb in questions). In some sentences, more than one modal is possible.

1

I promise to phone you next week.

I will/i’ll phone you next week.

2

At the age of nine, he still didn’t know how to read.

At the age of nine, he still couldn’t read.

1. It’s essential that we leave on time tomorrow morning.

2. Are you able to come with me tonight?

3. It’s not a good idea for you to work so hard.

4. It’s possible that they’ll be here soon.

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5. Why don’t we go and see a film tonight?

6. He said that he intended to write to me soon.

7. Is it possible for me to sit here?

8. He refuses to give me an answer.

9. It’s not necessary for you to apologize.

10. Am I allowed to smoke in here?

11. He knew how to speak four languages by the time he was twelve.

12. I want to help you but I’m not able to.

13. I think it’s a good idea for me to stay in tonight: I’ve got a lot of work to do.

14. I don’t know who she is but it’s possible that she’s Rick’s sister.

15. Do not tell him any of this: it’s vital that it remains a secret 16. I intend to finish this essay before I go to bed.

17. It’s 7 o’clock. I assume that Clare will be here soon.

18. He’s in but he’s not answering the phone. I’m sure that he’s asleep.

Translate using a modal: 1. Mi hermano entiende el francés, pero no sabe hablar 2. No podré llamarte porque estaré muy ocupado 3. Mi hermana sabe tocar el violín muy bien, dentro de un año podrá dar un concierto.

4. Hace un año yo no sabía nadar 5. Lo siento, no he podido terminar los deberes 6. No puedes aparcar aquí, está prohibido 7. ¿Puedo entrar, por favor?

8. Ten cuidado, el mar puede ser peligroso aquí 9. Puede que el tren haya llegado tarde

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10. Es raro que Juan no haya venido, a lo mejor se le ha olvidado 11. No debéis hablar durante el examen 12. El médico dice que debo estar en la cama tres días 13. Tienes que pararte cuando llegues al stop 14. Deberías haberlo dicho antes 15. No deberías comer tanto chocolate 16. No deberías darnos tantos deberes 17. Lo siento, pero tuve que hacerlo.

18. No hace falta que vengas, yo te lo contaré mañana 19. No tuve que pagar porque me invitaron 20. Yo estaba allí, pero no pude ver lo que pasaba 21. No debe estar en casa porque no coge el teléfono 22. ¿Puedo hablar con el señor Pérez, por favor?

23. Juan estaba en esa fiesta, a lo mejor lo viste allí 24. Puedes pasar si eres miembro del grupo 25. No pude pasar porque no soy miembro de ese grupo 26. Cuando tenía dos años no sabía montar en bici 27. Gracias por el vino, pero no hacía falta que trajeras nada 28. Debe haber estudiado mucho porque ha aprendido muy deprisa 29. No deberías mentir a tus padres, deberías ser más valiente y decir la verdad 30. Ahora puedes estar contento, esta es la última frase

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Connectors of time 1. Time connectors Combine each pair of sentences to make a title of a pop song. Use the following time connectors : as soon as (en cuanto), before (antes), since (desde), when (cuando), while (mientras), until (hasta). Follow the example.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Think of me – I’m away.

I’ll love you – I die I hear music – I see you.

Come home – It’s too late.

I’ve been sad – You left.

I fell in love – We met.

Think of me while I’m away _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

2. Cross out the incorrect answers. Sometimes both answers are correct.

1. I’ll give them your message as soon as I get / will get there.

2. Maria cleaned the kitchen as/while I did the bathroom.

3. We must go to that gallery before leave/leaving.

4. I had a lot of problems at the shop but eventually/finally they agreed to give me a refund.

5. The phone rang while / just as I was leaving the house.

6. The letter arrived while/as we were getting ready.

7. I’ll give them your message as soon as I get / will get there.

8. Maria cleaned the kitchen as/while I did the bathroom.

9. We must go to that gallery before leave/leaving.

10. I had a lot of problems at the shop but eventually/finally they agreed to give me a refund.

11. The phone rang while / just as I was leaving the house.

12. The letter arrived while/as we were getting ready.

3. Complete these sentences in a suitable way.

1. We had a game of squash and afterwards 2. I’ll meet you as soon as

_____________

_____________

3. I must remember to lock the back door before _____________ 4. I think I dropped the letter as _____________ 5. I looked up half of the words in my dictionary while

_____________

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6. We had to wait for hours but eventually _____________ 7. My car is too big for you to drive. And besides,

_____________

8. I saw him break the window just as _____________ 9. We had a game of squash and afterwards 10. I’ll meet you as soon as

_____________

_____________

11. I must remember to lock the back door before

_____________

12. I think I dropped the letter as _____________ 13. I looked up half of the words in my dictionary while 14. We had to wait for hours but eventually

_____________

_____________

15. My car is too big for you to drive. And besides,

_____________

16. I saw him break the window just as ´_____________

4. Writing: You spent a week at a hotel and had these problems:

• • •

There was very little variety in the food.

The service was very slow.

When you mentioned this to the staff, they were very rude.

The manager was on holiday during your stay, so you have decided to send a letter of complaint. Use the connectors of time.

Dear Sir/Madam, I have just returned from staying a week in your hotel, and I am writing to you to express my complete dissatisfaction.

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OTHER CONNECTORS Put in these words: although (aunque); because (porque); but (pero); if (si); in case (por si); in order to (para); in spite of (a pesar de); so (por eso); so that (para que); unless (si no).

1. __________________ it was late, Alex didn’t seem in a hurry to leave.

2. They put video cameras in shops ____________________ stop people stealing things.

3. I decided not to go out for a meal ______________________ I couldn’t afford it.

4.

__________________________ you’re ready, we can start now.

5. Our room was very small, ___________________________ we didn’t mind it at all.

6. No one was watching television, ________________________ I switched it off.

7. You can’t drive a car _______________________________ you’ve got a license.

8. ___________________________ having absolutely no talent, the man became a popular TV personality.

9. Voicky sent us a map ________________________ we could find her house.

10. I think my answers are right, but can I just check them with yours ______________________ I’ve made a mistake?

Choose the correct linking word.

A: We hadn’t any bread, ______________________ 1 (because/so) I went to the shop.

I needed some __________________ 2 (so that/to) make sandwiches. I got there just ____________________ 3 (after/before) the shop closed and luckily they had some left.

B: Does the little shop stay open _____________________ 4 (after/before) the supermarket has closed?

A: Yes, it stays open till ten o’clock. It’s very convenient, _______________ 5 (but/in spite of) it’s rather expensive. I always go there __________________ 6 (if/in case) I need just one or two things. I don’t go to the supermarket ________ 7 (if/unless) I need a lot.

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B: The shop must have done much less business ________________________ 8 (since/until) the supermarket has been there.

A: I don’t like the supermarket __________________________ 9 (although/in spite of) having a much bigger choice. I go there ____________________ 10 (because/so) it’s cheaper.

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Listening and writing Listen and fill in the gaps with the words in the box Consumer

huge

annoying

turkey

Holidays

tune

drizzle

birth

pleasure

asleep

sustainable

rude

Christmas - the Good, the Bad and the Ugly

by Keith Sands Christmas is one of those _____________which means very different things to different people. It can be a spiritual time, a family time, a time for giving, a time for partying or a time for just overeating... Most people (in those countries where it is the main religious festival of the year) find something to enjoy about Christmas, whether they are Christians or not. But hasn’t Christmas in the ____________age become just a bit too big? And a lot too commercial?

I think so. The secret of a good Christmas is to be selective. Here is my personal list of the things Christmas (at any rate, Christmas in Britain) would be infinitely better without. Let’s get rid of ...

Plastic Christmas trees Fussy people don’t like trees that drop their needles on the carpet. Surely, in the age of vacuum cleaners, this is not a problem any more? Worst of all are those plastic trees that come with their own decorations already attached, so depriving children of the great ____________ of hanging the decorations themselves.

Replace with: Real fir trees, from _____________forests.

Fairy lights that don’t work We have sent people to the moon. Computers have changed our lives. On the Internet, _____________amounts of information travel all over the world at the speed of light.

So it shouldn’t be too difficult to put a few coloured light bulbs in a row, so they last until New Year without breaking down.

Replace with: Candles. And fireproof fir trees.

Slade’s "Merry Christmas Everybody" A stomping, two-chord song from the dark days of 1970s rock. Played endlessly in British pubs and on the radio through December. It is the musical equivalent of jumping up and down with heavy boots on and trying to drink beer at the same time. I remember once, at a Christmas party, picking up my can of beer and taking a sip to find out someone had used the can as an ashtray. And this song is the theme _____________of that kind of party.

Replace with: The Pogues and Kirsty MacColl’s Fairytale of New York: a great, soulful Christmas song.

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Bing Crosby’s White Christmas While we’re on the subject of Christmas songs, let’s not forget that this sentimental 1950s tune is the biggest selling single of all time. It’s ideal for falling _____________in an armchair but finally just too nostalgic. And very_____________.

Replace with: Silent Night, a beautiful German carol known all over the world.

Office parties Doesn’t a computer decorated with tinsel, and an office with paper chains hanging from the ceiling, look just a tiny bit depressing? And office Christmas parties are worse.

Under the influence of cheap wine in paper coffee-cups, strange things happen with the photocopier. _____________messages are faxed to clients. Most people can’t relax in the office. And those that can will probably do something they’ll regret later.

Replace with: an extra afternoon off work.

British Christmas Weather In Richard Curtis films (like the recent hit "Love, Actually"), it always snows at Christmas in London. The city is covered with a beautiful white blanket, the perfect setting for a romantic happy ending. What’s the reality of Christmas weather in the South of England? Grey skies with a good chance of cold _____________in the late afternoon.

Replace with: Russian Christmas weather.

TV It’s a fact that we spend more time in front of the TV at Christmas than at any other time of year. The TV schedules are filled with old films, comedy “Christmas Specials”, soap operas with Christmas-related plots, and of course hundreds of adverts. Switch it off and visit your relatives instead.

Replace with: log fires, board games.

Turkey with Cranberry Sauce In Britain, the usual Christmas dinner is _____________with cranberry sauce - although ultra traditionalists may prefer goose. Cranberry sauce is basically a kind of jam. We don’t put jam on meat at other times of year, so why at Christmas?

Replace with: No cranberry sauce.

Consumerism You know what I mean. Adverts for toys on children’s TV. Department stores which put out Christmas decorations as early as September. The stress of Christmas shopping.

Everywhere the message is spend, spend, spend. Christmas is a Christian religious festival, to celebrate the _____________of Jesus Christ. It’s not just an excuse for making money.

Replace with: Midnight carols at church, peace on earth, and goodwill to all men.

So that’s my advice. Avoid these things and you’ll have a good chance of having a truly Merry Christmas. Which is what I wish you now. And a happy new year

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Below are 11 statements about the text. For each one decide if it is True or False. Quote the text to justify your answer.

1. The writer doesn’t like Christmas.

2. He doesn’t like the commercialisation of Christmas.

3. It’s not really difficult to clean up the needles from a real tree.

4. He is impressed by the technology of fairy lights.

5. He doesn’t like any Christmas songs.

6. He mentions two kinds of party he doesn’t like.

7. He thinks the film ‘Love Actually’ is realistic.

8. Christmas should be a time for visiting your family.

9. He thinks Cranberry sauce goes well with turkey.

10. He enjoys Christmas shopping.

11. He seems to prefer a rather traditional Christmas http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/fr/magazine/christmas-good-bad-and-ugly

Writing: What are the good, the bad and the ugly of your Christmas? How would you change it?

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Catch the wind http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fViObqGvIjM

1. Answer these questions: Why is the boy running all the time?

What is the boy’s birthday present for his grandfather?

Where does the story begin? Where does it end?

What does the boy do in the train? Why? How does the boy arrive at his grandparents’?

What are the most repeated words of the background song?

What does this commercial advertise?

Write a short narrative of the story:

2. Match these forms of renewable energy with their definitions:

1. Biofuels

__ living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel

2. Biomass

__a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity

3. Geothermal

__solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from relatively recently dead biological material

4. Hydro power

__conversion of wind energy into a useful form, such as electricity,

5. Solar power

__the transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work

6. Tidal power

__ power that is derived from the force or energy of moving water

7. Wave power

__ heat that comes from within the Earth

8. Wind power

__ electricity generated from solar radiation.

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Speaking: Christmas Ask and answer these questions with your partner: • • • • • •

Did you enjoy last Christmas?

Do you celebrate Christmas in a traditional way?

Do you decorate the outside of your house for Christmas?

Do you enjoy singing Christmas songs?

Do you have a Christmas party at school?

Do you have a Christmas tree?

• • • •

If so, how do you decorate it?

When do you put it up?

When do you take it down?

Is it real or artificial?

• Do you have any plans to go to a Christmas party?

• Do you know why Christmas is celebrated around the world?

• Do you remember when you found out that Santa Claus wasn't real?

• What was your/their reaction like?

• Do you see your relatives at Christmas time?

• Do you think Christmas is depressing? (There is a high suicide rate at this time of year.)

• • • • • • • • • • • •

Does your family have any special Christmas traditions?

How do you usually spend New Year's Eve? How about New Year's Day? What are some popular foods for the Christmas season?

What is the most expensive Christmas present you plan to buy? o Is Christmas becoming too commercialized?

What is your favorite Christmas carol?

What time does your family open the presents?

What will you buy your parents?

What would you like to get for your Christmas present?

Why some people do not like Christmas?

Do you give something to homeless people?

If you could change something about Christmas time, what would it be?

Do you remember Christmas celebrations you had as a child? http://www.eslgold.net/speaking.htm

Writing: Write a short summary of your partner’s opinions

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Reading and speaking: CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Text for dictation:______ Most European countries have multi-racial societies owing both to historical and geographical factors. Military conquests, persecution and economic hardship have all contributed to waves of immigration.

Early British history highlights the influence of the Romans, the Vikings, the Saxons and the Normans. More recently, we have opened our doors to people from our former colonies seeking jobs, refugees seeking political asylum and other members of the European Community.

Racial integration has been successful in many areas of Britain. Intermarriage between people of similar cultures is now very common. The popularity of Chinese and Indian food and support for events such as the Notting Hill Carnival show a further acceptance of cultural differences.

However, good race relations have proved more difficult where there has been largescale immigration involving dissimilar cultures, especially in areas of social deprivation - for example, where there is poor housing and high unemployment. Not only do immigrants become scapegoats for the problems of these areas, but they, themselves, may be reluctant to integrate for reasons of religion or cultural identity.

Discussion questions:_ask, answer and take notes of your partner’s answers 1. "Cultural differences cause problems. It is better for people to stay in their own countries rather than to migrate to other ones." Do you agree?

2. Would you prefer to live in a monoculture or a multi-racial society? Why? 3. "It is better to study major international languages like English rather than to spend time on minority languages for the sake of regional identity."

Do you agree?

4. "Governments should give regions in their countries more autonomy so that they can protect and enjoy their own cultures rather than serving the centralized policies of the capital city." Do you agree?

5. Is it better to marry someone of the same cultural background?

6. "Religion as a school subject should include all the major world religions - not only the majority religion in the country concerned."

Do you agree?

7. How do you think "British Culture" differs from "N. American Culture"?

How do these cultures differ from the culture of your own country?

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CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

Adapted from http://www.btinternet.com

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Reading and writing: HALLOWEEN Halloween, also called All Hallows' Evening is the eve of All Saints' Day, October 31st.

In ancient Britain and Ireland, a Celtic festival was held at the end of the summer with huge bonfires set on hilltops to frighten away evil spirits. The date was connected with the return of herds from pastures. The souls of the dead were supposed to revisit their homes on this day, and the autumnal festival acquired sinister significance, with ghosts, witches, hobgoblins, black cats, fairies, and demons of all kinds roaming about.

But Halloween was also thought to be the most favourable time for divinations concerning marriage, luck, health and death. It was the only day of the whole year on which the help of the devil was invoked for such purposes.

Gradually, Halloween has become a secular observance, and many customs and practices have derived into commercial motives such as ghost disguises, pumpkins of all sizes, and plastic witches that are sold at department stores and small shops everywhere.

Our consumer society has appropriated the traditional motives of Halloween, very much like it did with Christmas traditions, and turned them into designs for the decoration of homes. Children have been used as potential consumers of all these objects by society.

QUESTIONS 1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. a) Explain the origin of the celebration of Halloween b) How was divination connected to Halloween? c) How does the consumer society make use of Halloween tradition?

3. Find one synonym in the text for each of the words below. a) phantom b) size c) seized d) regarding 4. Write about the following topic. a) In Spain, would you rather celebrate Halloween or Carnival, and why.

Pruebas de Acceso a las Universidades de Castilla y León Junio 2007

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Listening : Listen and fill in the gaps in this script Modern family 6 00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:22,147 I was supposed to keep a journal all summer. It's due today.

00:02:13,793 --> 00:02:16,562 I've done madonna, the early years. Stevie wonder.

00:02:45,191 --> 00:02:46,492 A little help here?

00:04:21,654 --> 00:04:23,655 Breakfast for dinner last week -- my idea.

00:06:45,374 --> 00:06:46,674 No, what I'm saying...

00:07:05,728 --> 00:07:09,197 He's always surprising me with little presents, Fun getaways.

I listen with my mind, and if you pay attention, 00:14:12,183 --> 00:14:13,951 I support Manny no matter what.

00:15:54,853 --> 00:15:56,553 I'm actually jealous of you.

00:18:35,947 --> 00:18:38,015 But after seeing that t-shirt, I realized something. .

00:19:22,460 --> 00:19:26,363 Did I lose the race to make him feel better?

Maybe.

But it just seemed like he could use a win today.

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