Camden Reflections: Technical Report

DESIGN 203 TECHNICAL REPORT - ASSIGNMENT B

CAMDEN REFLECTIONS: A DYNAMIC VISUAL ARTS CENTRE

JONAH HOWLEY - 3932436 ARCHITECTURAL APPRENTICE

CONTACT INFO

EMAIL: HOWLEYJ2@LSBU.AC.UK

CONTENTS

SYNOPSIS

INTRODUCTION

1.0

1.3

TECHNICAL EVALUATION

4.0 STRUCTURE

4.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE

4.2 MATERIALS

4.3

CRITICAL SUMMARY

DRAWINGS APPENDIX

2.0 MOVEMENT

2.1 SHADOWS

2.2 VIEWS

2.3 OBSERVATIONS

PRECEDENTS

3.0 BATTERSEA POWERSTATION

3.1

SYNOPSIS

Camden Reflections is a visionary visual arts centre proposed for Camden Town, a vibrant cultural hub in London. The centre aims to provide a dynamic and immersive space for artists, residents, and visitors to engage with contemporary visual arts and foster creativity within the community. It will serve as a platform for local and international artists, showcasing their work and offering unique opportunities for artistic expression and exploration.

The visual arts centre will be a multi-disciplinary space, incorporating various art forms such as painting, sculpture, photography, digital art, installations, interactive exhibits, as well as perfomative art such as dance and theatre. The design will encompass both traditional and contemporary architectural elements, creating an inviting and flexible environment that adapts to the evolving needs of artists and visitors.

The facility will feature spacious exhibition halls, curated galleries, and dedicated studio spaces for resident artists, providing a platform for experimentation, collaboration, and learning. The integration of state-of-theart technology will enable the exploration of digital art, virtual reality, and interactive installations, offering an immersive and engaging experience for visitors of all ages.

In addition to the exhibition and studio spaces, Camden Reflections will host a range of educational programs, workshops, and artist residencies. These initiatives will aim to nurture emerging talent, engage the local community, and promote artistic discourse and cultural exchange. The centre will collaborate with schools, universities, and community organizations to develop educational outreach programs, ensuring that the arts are accessible to people of all backgrounds and ages.

Camden Reflections will also boast a vibrant café, bookshop, and a dedicated event space. These amenities will provide opportunities for social interaction, discussions, book launches, and performances, further enhancing the overall experience and fostering a sense of community within the centre.

Sustainability will be a core principle of the visual arts centre. The design will incorporate environmentally friendly features such as energy-efficient systems, natural lighting, and sustainable materials. Additionally, the centre will actively promote eco-conscious practices, including recycling, waste reduction, and the integration of green spaces within the facility.

The location of the centre in Camden Town, a neighborhood renowned for its eclectic arts and music scene, will contribute to its success. It will serve as a cultural anchor, attracting both local and international art enthusiasts, tourists, and residents, and acting as a catalyst for further creative and economic growth in the area.

Camden Reflections: A Dynamic Visual Arts Centre is an ambitious and transformative project that aims to establish a thriving cultural hub in Camden Town. With its innovative architecture, diverse range of artistic offerings, and a commitment to community engagement, the centre will become a beacon for creativity, artistic exploration, and cultural exchange, enriching the lives of residents and visitors alike.

THE LONDON BOROUGH OF CAMDEN

INTRODUCTION

1.0 SITE LOCATION

The project is located on an important site close to Camden town centre. Camden Town lies between national and international transport connections at Euston and Kings Cross to the south and suburban north London. Kentish Town and Hampstead Heath are to the north and Regent’s Park to the west.

Grand Union House sits south of Kentish Town Bridge on Kentish Town Road. It is north of Britannia Junction in Camden Town’s central commercial zone.

1.2 SITE PLAN

1.1 SITE CONTEXT

Camden Town is a well-connected focal point in the public transport system, served by underground services, over ground rail and a range of bus services. The site is very close to Camden Town Underground station linking to both the Bank and Charing Cross branches of the Northern line.

Camden Town’s central business zone is characterised by strong retail activity on Camden High Street. The retail offer north of Britannia Junction caters overhwelmingly for visitors. The town centre does not have a single character but represents a varied built environment. Former industrial buildings, railway and canal sit between intact Victorian terraced streets and post-war public housing. Diversity is an integral part of the area’s character.

Camden Town is predomenantly under 4 storeys, predominanently Victorian and early 20th Century buildings. Larger offices and warehouse buildings have developed along the canal. As increased urban density has been pursued, buildings of greater height have appeared. New buildings at Hawley Wharf and Regent Canalside are up to nine floors high.

Grand Union House sits at on a one way intersection on Kentish Town Rd. The existing building is part of the 1980s Sainsbury’s supermarket development on Camden Road designed by Nicholas Grimshaw Architects. The one way loop leading to teh bridge controls traffic into sainsbury's back of house lot, and introduces a large underutilised void for pedestrians.

The existing Grand Union House was designed as two concrete structures linked by a bridge at first floor. A continuous metal cladding envelopes all.

A glazed lobby provides access from the underpass to the first floor bridge by stair and lift and subsequently to the units. The northern structure includes two business units accessed at first floor. These units are top lit by sky lights combined with narrow ribbon windows. There is a small retail unit at ground floor and car parking is located at street level accessed from the Sainsbury’s car park. The southern structure consists of a single business unit at first floor and a unit at ground level.

Untouched by the Grimshaw and largely disregarded by the development, St Michael’s Church is a Grade II* Listed building, designed by George Bodley in 1894 in an early English Gothic Revival style. The existing Grand Union House’s blank expanse of corrugated metal cladding on the south eastern façade sits precisely on the site boundary with St Michael’s. It turns its back to the Church.

1.3 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

On my site visit I documented the journey from Camden Town tube station up Kentish Town Road to Grand Union House following pedestrian routes through the site. This allowed me to identify key sight-lines from street level.

PHOTO KEY PLAN

PHOTO 04

PHOTO 01 PHOTO 02

PHOTO 05

PHOTO 03

PHOTO 06

PHOTO 07

SITE ANALYSIS

2.0 MOVEMENT

KEY PEDESTRIAN ROUTES

PEDESTRIAN ROUTES

There is pedestrian movement surrounding the site, often the Sainsbury’s courtyard is used as a shortcut, purely a transitional space. There is movement towards Camden Town High Street moving west across the site, but also movement towards Sainsbury’s in all direction being a major supermarket within walking distance.

Britannia Junction is a major intersection of 4 primary and 2 secondary routes through Camden. Currently it is also the site of Camden Town Underground Station however this is due to move north directly opposite our site on a much quieter street corner. Buck Street has been pedestrianised and no longer provides a vehicular connection to Kentish Town Road, this change in core and periphery will be key to Design 203.

MOVEMENT DIRECTION

KEY VEHICUALR ROUTES

TRAFFIC DENSITY

MOVEMENT DIRECTION

2.1 SHADOW

This is image overlays winter and summer solstice shadows to identify areas that have light year round. Streets are shown to be extremely dark, being in shadow for most of the year due to the built environment surrounding them. In addition the St. Michael’s Church War Memorial Garden is in complete darkness, there are several large trees as well as 4-5 storey buildings either side. The Sainsbury’s courtyard and one way loop is notably darker, again due to built up surroundings and lack of clear breaks in the street-scene. The site for the new Camden Town Station is noticeably lighter than its surroundings due to the orientation of the site.

2.2 SIGHTLINES AND VIEWS

Using Vucity data I was able to identify the range in which the Grimshaw development and other key buildings can be visibly seen from different heights and distances. I data to map the visibility area in 2D and then in 3D creating a volume that followed the topography of building heights. When overlayed onto a site plan it was clear to see where the key views in and out of the site.

Camden Town Station is currently a vista point on Britannia Junction, it can be seen from multiple directions and varying heights, what will replace it? The new Camden Town Station will be hidden by comparison, with far less sightlines, but a more important connection to Grand Union House.

PROPOSED NEW CAMDEN TOWN STATION VIEWS

VIEWS

CURRENT CAMDEN TOWN STATION VIEWS

KEY SITE 01. ST. MICHAEL’S CHURCH SITE MAPPING (NTS)

KEY SITE 03. PROPOSED CAMDEN STATION SITE MAPPING (NTS)

KEY SITE 02. EXISTING CAMDEN STATION SITE MAPPING (NTS)

2.3 OBSERVATIONS

Combining my analysis I have made several observations. The connections between movement, views and shadow are intriguing especially when you consider them in motion, not as a single moment or diagram. As you transition through a space your position and perspective change.

As the site has developed through history the connection to the canal has been severed. The site originally faced inward providing an active space within. Now the site has been redeveloped to face outward, without providing active frontage, and neglects the space in between the buildings. Hierarchy has been given to vehicular movement and the canal has been hidden by the blank corrugated facade of Grand Union Walk Housing.

Movement through the site has lost its punctuation, there is no sense of arrival anymore, the site is traveled through not to. Rather than being a destination such as an industrial yard, key to the development of Camden Town, it is now a subservient space in between buildings with no connection. Industry and community has been replaced with retail, office and private residential buildings.

Sight-lines have evolved too, the site was originally a vista point, ABC Bakery was a staggering building that represented an industry. Now the site lacks any character at all, despite being surrounded by heritage. This is in part to the change in hierarchy of street layout.

3.0 BATTERSEA POWERSTATION

The architectural design of the Battersea Power Station redevelopment, led by Wilkinson Eyre, has done a commendable job in preserving and celebrating the red brick facade and industrial heritage of the power station.

The red brick facade of the power station is an iconic feature that defines its character. Wilkinson Eyre has successfully retained and restored this essential element, ensuring that the historical significance of the power station is maintained. The meticulous attention to detail in restoring the brickwork, including repairing and cleaning the bricks, showcases a commitment to preserving the original aesthetics.

The industrial heritage of the power station is further celebrated through the adaptive reuse of certain spaces. Wilkinson Eyre has repurposed some areas within the power station to house cultural, entertainment, and retail functions. These spaces retain the raw, industrial character, with exposed brickwork, steel beams, and large open spaces, providing a unique and authentic experience for visitors.

While Wilkinson Eyre’s design for the Battersea Power Station redevelopment has received praise for its commitment to preserving the red brick facade and industrial heritage, there have been some concerns raised. Critics argue that the scale of the development and the addition of contemporary elements might overshadow the power station’s historical significance. Furthermore, the emphasis on luxury housing and commercial spaces has raised questions about the inclusivity and affordability of the project.

3.1 COAL DROP YARD

The Coal Drop Yard redevelopment scheme by Heatherwick Studios is a remarkable example of regeneration and restoration architecture that breathes new life into a historic industrial site. Heatherwick Studios’ approach to the project demonstrates a deep understanding of the site’s heritage, a commitment to sustainability, and a unique vision for creating a vibrant and inclusive urban space.

The restoration aspect of the project is a testament to Heatherwick Studios’ meticulous attention to detail. The original coal drop structures, which were once used to handle and store coal for the railway, have been carefully preserved and transformed into a dynamic mixed use scheme. The design has maintained the integrity and character of the original structures, celebrating their industrial heritage while repurposing them for contemporary use.

Heatherwick Studios’ innovative design approach is evident in the rejuvenation of the coal drops. The team has ingeniously transformed the formerly utilitarian structures into a visually striking architectural centerpiece. The undulating roofscape, composed of intricately designed sculptural elements, creates a sense of fluidity and movement, capturing the attention of visitors and adding a touch of modernity to the historic site. The juxtaposition of the restored brickwork with the contemporary design elements is visually captivating and pays homage to the site’s history while embracing the present.

Successfully transforming the Coal Drop Yard into a bustling destination that offers a variety of activities, amenities, and green spaces for both residents and visitors. The careful integration of retail, dining, cultural spaces, and public plazas fosters a sense of community and encourages social interaction, breathing new life into the area.

TECHNICAL EVALUATION

REINFORCED CONCRETE SUBSTRUCTURE

4.0 STRUCTURE

Cross-laminated timber was used for the superstructure and above ground walls fixing into the substructure concrete structure. CLT provided an opportunity to use timber where designers would normally use traditional materials such as steel, concrete and masonry. The simple physical building construction of CLT ensures the most economical usage of material. Standardised cassettes form the envelope of the walls and roof, precisely pre-fabricated and ready-to-fit as a kit for the entire building. Wastage of material is kept to a minimum and construction time is minimised.

Often CLT suppliers offer a zero-waste policy ensuring that any sawdust, shavings are reconstituted into biomass pellets and used to heat/power the factory, with any excess being sold to local CHP plants. The timber processing is relatively low-tech and requires little energy, with the adhesives used being completely solvent and formaldehyde free. CLT has very low embodied energy compared to steel or concrete and it can be argued that when timber is used in construction it sequesters CO2 from the atmosphere.

The substructure is comprised of poured concrete in order to provide a strong foundation for the rest of the building to sit atop. Concrete has then been reinforced with steel in order to support the CLT superstructure. The use of concrete combined with CLT reduces the requirement for steel support.

Concrete is extremely durable and requires minimal maintenance. Using concrete for the primary structure also benefits the fire stratagem because the structure will be able to withstand fire damage. The concrete pour will have increase the construction speed and when combined with the offsite construction of CLT, it minimises the amount of time large carbon intensive machinery was require on site before local craftsman could finish the envelope.

The concrete acts as both a thermal sink to improve building services but also a carbon sink. The carbon used to manufacture the concrete is now locked away in the structure of a carbon negative development.

Combining Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) and reinforced concrete structures can offer several benefits towards achieving sustainability goals in construction.

Strengths:

• A sustainable building material that sequesters carbon dioxide and has a lower carbon footprint compared to traditional construction materials like steel and concrete. It also promotes the use of renewable timber resources and reduces reliance on non-renewable materials.

• Provides excellent thermal insulation properties, reducing energy consumption for heating and cooling. Additionally, its airtight construction minimizes air leakage, improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions.

• Panels are prefabricated off-site, allowing for faster construction times compared to traditional construction methods. This results in reduced construction-related energy consumption and shorter project timelines.

• Comparable or even superior strength and stiffness to traditional building materials, making it suitable for various structural applications. When combined with reinforced concrete elements in appropriate areas, such as foundation and core walls, it can enhance the overall structural integrity of the building.

• Concrete possesses high compressive strength, allowing it to bear heavy loads and provide structural stability.

• Concrete is inherent fire-resistant properties, making it a reliable choice for substructures in terms of fire safety. The presence of steel reinforcement helps to prevent failure due to high temperatures.

• Cost-effective compared to alternative construction materials, providing a favorable balance between performance and durability.

Limitations:

• The widespread adoption of CLT may be limited by the availability of sustainably sourced timber and production capabilities. Responsible sourcing of timber and ensuring forest management practices are crucial to avoid deforestation and ensure long-term sustainability.

• While CLT has inherent fire-resistant properties due to its charring effect, its use in larger buildings may require additional fire protection measures. Combining CLT with reinforced concrete elements can address fire safety concerns, but it may increase material complexity and construction costs.

• Although CLT has a lower carbon footprint compared to concrete and steel, the energy-intensive manufacturing processes for gluing and pressing CLT panels must be considered (See 2.3.2 Embodied Carbon & Low Impact Building Design).

• The long-term durability and maintenance requirements of CLT must be carefully considered. Proper protection from moisture, pests, and regular maintenance practices are necessary to ensure the longevity and sustainability of the building.

• Reinforced concrete is a heavyweight material, which can require more substantial foundations and structural members to support the load.

• Concrete is susceptible to cracking and shrinkage due to factors like temperature changes, drying, and curing.

• The production of cement contributes to carbon dioxide emissions.

It is crucial to conduct thorough life cycle assessments and consider local environmental conditions, project requirements, and the availability of resources to determine the most sustainable structural approach for each specific project. Integrating CLT and reinforced concrete structures can contribute to sustainability goals, but careful evaluation, material sourcing, and design considerations are necessary to maximize their benefits and mitigate potential limitations.

4.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE

The contemporary brick facade with large arches and detailed brickwork is an architectural marvel that successfully combines historical references with a modern aesthetic. The use of arches, intricate brick detailing, and the incorporation of curtain wall glazing create a visually engaging and dynamic frontage that activates the public realm.

The architectural language of the facade effectively references industrial London, paying homage to the city’s rich heritage. The choice of arches, a characteristic element of industrial architecture, adds a sense of grandeur and solidity to the building. The arches create a rhythm along the facade, emphasizing the verticality and providing a visually appealing relief to the overall composition.

The detailed brickwork is a standout feature of the facade. The architects have demonstrated exceptional craftsmanship and attention to detail in its execution. The intricate brick patterns, such as herringbone or basketweave, not only add visual interest but also enhance the texture and depth of the facade. This level of detail showcases the dedication to creating a rich and nuanced architectural experience.

The use of curtain wall glazing within some of the arches adds a contemporary touch to the facade. This choice creates an active frontage that opens up the building to the surrounding public realm, encouraging transparency and interaction between the interior and exterior spaces. The glazing allows natural light to penetrate the building, creating a sense of openness and connection with the environment. It also provides glimpses into the building’s activities, further animating the facade and engaging passersby.

The material palette, predominantly focusing on brick, reinforces the industrial aesthetic and connects the building to its historical context. The choice of brick not only resonates with London’s architectural heritage but also offers durability and longevity. The architects have embraced the material’s inherent qualities, utilizing different tones, textures, and bond patterns to create a visually captivating facade. The juxtaposition of the warm brick tones with the sleekness of the glazing adds a contemporary twist, balancing the old and the new.

Its references to industrial London, the thoughtful use of materials, and the integration of curtain wall glazing create a visually striking and engaging frontage. The facade’s ability to activate the public realm, provide relief through its arches, and showcase intricate brick detailing combining historical references with a modern sensibility.

A. Masonry support system to specialits design.

B. Masonry support system at each floor level fixed back to structure. Rebated brick required to suit support angle.

C. Cavity tray with proprietary weep holes at 450mm centres horizontally.

D. 103mm facing brickwork.

E. 50mm clear cavity.

F. Rockwool or equivalent firestop cavity batt with proprietary fixing angles installed tightly along slab edges fixed to face of cp board / top framing channel and built in as work progresses.

G. Firezero multisock fire cavity barrier providing min 30min fire protection, cavity barrier size to suit cavity depth and to be installed to manufacturer’s recommendations.

H. 150mm mineral wool insulation or similar. 10mm CP board.

I. Cast stone coping units laid in cement gauged mortar over continuous DPC.

J. Breather membrane dressed over CP board fixed to Vertical & horizontal battens fixed back to SFS to support metal channels.

K. Composite Roof slab.

L. Aluminium windows with min thermal performance of 1.35 W/m2K to be installed in accordance with suppliers installation details

M. Glulam Structural Beam.

N. Raised Access Flooring

4.2 MATERIALS

GALLERY ELEVATION STUDY AUDITORIUM ELEVATION STUDY LIBRARY ELEVATION STUDY LOCAL VERNACULAR

STRUCTURE FACADE CURTAIN WALL INTERNAL FINISHES

External Facade Treatment:

The external cladding of Camden Reflections features a contemporary brick facade. The choice of brick brings a timeless and visually appealing aesthetic to the building. The specific type and color of the brick can be chosen to complement the surrounding context and architectural character of the area. The contemporary brick facade is chosen for its timeless appeal, blending well with the surrounding architectural context. Bricks are durable, lowmaintenance, and offer excellent thermal properties, contributing to energy efficiency.

The southern-facing walls are adorned with large arched curtain walling, which creates a striking architectural feature while allowing ample natural light to penetrate the interior spaces. The curtain walling can be made of energy-efficient glass panels supported by a structural framework, providing transparency and a sense of connection with the surroundings. The large arched curtain walling enhances the visual impact of the building while maximizing natural light intake. The use of energy-efficient glass panels ensures effective insulation and reduces reliance on artificial lighting during the day.

Internal Finishes:

Concrete is utilized as an internal material, particularly for the structural elements of the building. It offers strength and durability, ensuring the stability of the construction. Concrete can be used for walls, floors, and other loadbearing components within the building.

CLT is employed as a primary internal material, forming the superstructure of Camden Reflections. It offers a sustainable alternative to traditional construction methods, as CLT is renewable, lightweight, and boasts excellent structural properties. It can be used for floors, walls, and ceilings, providing a warm and inviting ambiance to the interior spaces. CLT is selected as a sustainable alternative to conventional construction materials. Its renewable nature, lightweight properties, and strength make it ideal for constructing large spans and providing a warm and inviting interior environment.

LONDON STOCK BUFF BRICK TRIPLE GLAZING ALUMINIUM

ACUOSTIC CORK PLYWOOD TIMBER FLOORING

TEXTURED LIGHT RED BRICK

SMOOTH DARK RED BRICK

Plywood is commonly used as a versatile material for various interior applications. It can be employed for interior wall paneling, cabinetry, and furniture. Plywood’s layered construction provides strength and stability, making it suitable for both functional and decorative purposes. Plywood is chosen for its versatility and cost-effectiveness. It can be used for various interior applications, providing structural stability and aesthetic appeal.

The choice of flooring materials for Camden Reflections can vary. Hardwood flooring can bring a natural and warm atmosphere to the interior spaces, while concrete flooring offers a contemporary and industrial aesthetic. Both materials are durable and can withstand heavy foot traffic. The choice between hardwood and concrete flooring depends on the desired aesthetic and functional requirements. Hardwood flooring brings warmth and natural beauty, while concrete flooring offers a modern and industrial look.

Cork acoustic panels are utilized for sound absorption and noise reduction within the auditorium or other areas where acoustic performance is crucial. Cork’s natural properties effectively absorb sound and minimize echoes, ensuring optimal acoustics for performances and events. Cork acoustic panels are selected for their natural sound-absorbing properties, improving the acoustic performance of specific areas like the auditorium.

Acoustic cork panels offer a natural and aesthetically pleasing solution to improve the acoustic properties of an auditorium. By minimizing echoes, reverberation, and unwanted noise reflections, they contribute to a more enjoyable and immersive auditory experience for both performers and the audience.

Wall treatments play a crucial role in the acoustic performance of an auditorium. The walls should be covered with materials that absorb sound reflections and reduce echo. Acoustic wall panels made of materials like fabric, cork, or acoustic foam can be installed to enhance sound quality.

Similar to walls, the ceiling of an auditorium should have proper acoustic treatment. Acoustic ceiling panels or tiles can help absorb sound, reduce reverberation, and improve the overall acoustics. Suspended or dropped ceilings with sound-absorbing materials can be used for this purpose. Decorative elements like ceiling moldings or architectural lighting fixtures can be incorporated to enhance the visual appeal.

The flooring of an auditorium should be durable, visually appealing, and easy to maintain. Common choices include carpeting, vinyl, or hardwood flooring. Carpeting can provide sound absorption and reduce noise levels, however hardwood or vinyl flooring offers a more elegant and polished look.

While not strictly finishes, the installation of lighting and sound equipment is essential for an auditorium fit-out. Proper lighting fixtures, including stage lights, spotlights, and architectural lighting, should be incorporated to enhance visibility and create ambiance. In addition professional sound systems and acoustical treatments, such as microphones, speakers, and soundproofing, are vital for delivering high-quality sound within the auditorium.

The stage area requires special attention in terms of finishes. The flooring should be sturdy and suitable for stage performances, such as sprung flooring that provides shock absorption and reduces the risk of injuries. The stage itself may have finishes like wood or synthetic flooring to enhance performance capabilities. Backdrops and stage curtains can also be included to create visual appeal and versatility for different types of productions.

The chosen materials demonstrate a thoughtful approach towards sustainability, functionality, and visual integration with the surrounding context. The brick facade aligns with the area’s architectural character, while the curtain walling maximizes natural light in response to the southern exposure.

The use of CLT as a sustainable superstructure material is appropriate, promoting renewable construction methods and reducing the project’s carbon footprint. The selection of plywood for interior applications balances functionality, cost-effectiveness, and design flexibility.

The choice between hardwood and concrete flooring should consider the specific functional and aesthetic requirements of different spaces within Camden Reflections. Careful consideration should be given to ensuring proper insulation and comfort, especially for spaces with high foot traffic.

Camden Reflections demonstrate a strong commitment to sustainability, durability, and visual harmony with the context. Continued attention to energy efficiency, maintenance requirements, and user comfort will be crucial for ensuring the appropriateness and success of the materials within their specific context.

4.3 BUILDING SERVICES

SPACE HEATING

Proposed Wet Underfloor Heating to:

• Maintain comfort at lower temperatures reduces both the number of hours per year that heating is required and the actual heat output needed.

• Reduce heat losses through roofs and the upper part of walls because there is less stratification with underfloor heating.

• Remove the localised effect of temperatures on external walls typically associated with radiators or perimeter convectors.

FANS + PUMPS

Proposed mixed-mode ventilation strategy:

• Highly airtight in winter with demand-led, very minimal, continuous mechanical extract ventilation.

• Highly ventilated in summer using electro-mechanically controlled natural ventilation system.

This incorporates high level louvres and opening lights at the top level under automatic thermal control to provide a natural stack effect. Air source heat pumps and extractor fans are variable-speed and ducts and pipes were sized at very low velocities to reduce pressure drops, to minimise energy usage.

The hybrid system culminates in a “first of its kind” exhaust source loop. This feature enables the ground source heat pump to take heat from warm bathroom extract air (instead of the cool ground, or the cold outside air), and also warm air at the top of the oast towers in summer. Drastically improving the efficiency of the air and ground source heat pumps.

WATER HEATING

Low flow showers and basin taps are used to reduce the amount of hot water drawn.

Ultra low temperature, domestic hot water storage uses “heat banks” instead of conventional hot water cylinders storing water at 45 deg C instead of 65 deg C, without the normal risk of legionella. In Caring Wood specifically they introduced a “first of it’s kind” underfloor heating system which itself is used as a heat bank, to improve heat pump efficiency and reduce the required storage size and cost of the main heat banks.

LIGHTING

Highly efficient LED-based lighting is proposed throughout, to keep lighting energy consumption to an absolute minimum.

PHOTOVOLTAIC

Photovoltaics and Solar Thermal for hot water combined with the rest of the buildings design allow the scheme to run with net negative carbon emissions year on year. PV’s convert solar radiation directly into electricity, are silent in operation and have no moving parts to maintain. The 240m2 of PV panels provide a saving of 18,164 kgCO2 per annum or 108% of annual energy usage.

The PVs are located in the landscape along a rag stone wall specifically designed to permit optimal orientation and vertical angle. It also makes routine cleaning and any necessary cell replacement throughout the life of the installation considerably easier and safer than would be the case with roof-mounted PVs.

SUPER INSULATION PANEL SOALR PANELS

RAINWATER HARVESTING GREY WATER RECYCLING

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMP

4.4 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Concrete floors act as a thermal stores an essential part of the passive cooling strategy when combined with openable vents into the courtyard and in each of the oast towers, creating stack driven ventilation, without mechanical assistance. This stack effect is driven by the extra height afforded by the oast towers surrounding the courtyard. The height of the towers also capture greater wind speed to provide airflow that cannot be provided at ground level.

Impeccable levels of air tightness are achieved of 0.6m3/h @ 50 Pa, 20x as airtight as 2010 Building Regulation required in order to reduce heat loss.

The separate nature of the oast towers allows for zones of the house to be easily zoned off to only heat the zones when they are in use in order to reduce waste energy expenditure.

The choice of proposed materials reflects the importance of embodied carbon in a building that has below zero carbon emissions in use. Historically the embodied carbon in a building has been equivalent to typically 5 to 10 times the annual emissions associated with energy in use. Therefore, over the life of the building fuel and electricity consumption have had much greater impact on carbon emissions and have rightly been prioritised. However, successive improvements to insulation and energy efficiency, brought about by changes to the Building Regulations, mean new buildings today have embodied carbon levels equal to 15-20 years fuel and electricity consumption – ie embodied carbon is gaining a great deal more significance.

At Camden Reflections the annual energy usage will be reduced to a bare minimum, which will then be offset with renewable energy to become net carbon negative. It follows from this that the embodied carbon assumes a much greater importance. Embodied carbon plus 60 years of CO2 emissions for the scheme under three different construction scenarios; traditional, 2010 Building Regulations and as proposed.

PassivHaus Principles

1. Solar Orientation

2. High Insulation

3. High Performance Windows

4. Air Tight Enclosure

5. Balanced Ventilation (with heat recovery)

Camden Reflections has a large thermal mass and is semi-submerged into the north facing hillside. In large houses with super efficient insulation summertime overheating can become an issue, the house faces the north to reduce solar gain from south-facing glazing, concrete screed floors will aid in cooling. The overall building depth and size reduce heat loss in winter.

CRITICAL SUMMARY

The Camden Reflections project presents an ambitious vision for a Dynamic Visual Arts Centre, encompassing both technological advancements and sustainable design principles. The integration of technology, such as a concrete substructure and CLT superstructure, along with various sustainable features, aims to create an innovative and environmentally conscious building.

The proposed use of a concrete substructure for the foundations and retaining walls surrounding the underground plaza is a logical choice from a structural perspective, offering strength and durability. However, it is essential to carefully consider the environmental impact associated with the production and transportation of concrete, as it is a significant contributor to carbon emissions. Ensuring the concrete used in the project is sourced sustainably, with a focus on reduced carbon content, can mitigate its environmental drawbacks.

The utilization of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) for the superstructure is a commendable choice that aligns with sustainable design principles. CLT is a renewable and carbon-sequestering material, providing both structural integrity and aesthetic appeal. Its ability to support the brick facade and curtain glazing showcases the versatility and potential of this material in architectural applications.

The emphasis on recycled or reclaimed bricks as part of the project’s design strategy demonstrates a commitment to resource conservation. Utilizing reclaimed materials not only adds character and uniqueness to the building but also reduces the demand for new production, thus minimizing environmental impact.

The incorporation of passive house (Passivhaus) design principles is a significant step towards energy efficiency. The super insulation of the building envelope, coupled with airtight construction, promotes excellent thermal performance and reduces energy consumption for heating and cooling. This design approach can lead to significant energy savings and contribute to a comfortable indoor environment.

The inclusion of photovoltaic systems, rainwater harvesting, and greywater recycling demonstrates a commitment to renewable energy generation and water conservation. Photovoltaics harness solar energy, reducing reliance on traditional power sources. Rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling systems optimize water usage, reducing the strain on local water resources. These features not only promote sustainability but also contribute to the overall self-sufficiency of the building.

The incorporation of ground source heat pumps and air source heat pumps further exemplifies the project’s commitment to sustainable design. These systems leverage renewable energy sources, such as the ground or ambient air, to provide heating and cooling. By reducing reliance on fossil fuelbased systems, the project can significantly reduce its carbon footprint and contribute to a greener future.

Overall, the Camden Reflections project showcases a commendable effort to integrate technological advancements and sustainable design principles. While the use of concrete should be carefully evaluated in terms of environmental impact, the adoption of CLT, recycled/reclaimed materials, passive house design, renewable energy generation, and water conservation strategies all contribute to the project’s sustainability objectives. Continued emphasis on optimizing resource use and minimizing carbon emissions will ensure the success of this visionary Visual Arts Centre.

DRAWINGS APPENDIX

THE URBAN SCALE

The urban strategy I have implemented through my design in Camden Town reduces anti-social behavior and draws inspiration from the theories outlined in “The Concise Townscape” by Gordon Cullen. By introducing new routes through the site and strategically enhancing visibility, the scheme aims to increase foot traffic throughout the day, create new vista points, and minimize areas prone to anti-social behavior.

One key aspect of the strategy is the introduction of new routes. By carefully planning and implementing these routes, the scheme encourages movement and activity, dispersing people throughout the area and reducing the likelihood of isolated pockets where anti-social behavior can occur. These new routes are designed to be visually interesting, taking into consideration Cullen’s theories on creating memorable and engaging urban experiences.

Furthermore, the scheme incorporates the creation of new vista points and sightlines. By carefully shaping views and introducing focal points, the strategy enhances the overall visibility and surveillance within the area. This increased visibility not only provides a sense of safety but also acts as a deterrent to potential anti-social behavior, as people are more likely to be observed and discouraged from engaging in such activities.

The use of curtain walling on corners plays a significant role in increasing visibility and activity along busy routes within the site. Curtain walling, typically consisting of large glass panels, allows for transparency and openness, enabling passersby to see into and through the buildings. This design choice not only provides increased visibility but also creates a sense of transparency, promoting a feeling of safety and encouraging positive social behavior.

By strategically placing curtain walling on corners, the scheme maximizes the potential for surveillance, as these areas tend to be focal points or intersections where pedestrian activity is high. This architectural feature helps activate the streetscape, making it more vibrant and lively, while simultaneously reducing opportunities for anti-social behavior by increasing the perception of surveillance.

Overall, the urban strategy in Camden Town draws on the principles outlined in “The Concise Townscape” to reduce anti-social behavior. The introduction of new routes, creation of vista points, and utilization of curtain walling all contribute to increasing foot traffic, enhancing visibility, and activating the urban environment. By implementing these design interventions, the scheme aims to create a safer, more vibrant, and socially cohesive community in Camden Town.

THE AUDITORIUM

The large auditorium designed for theater performances and lectures is an architectural marvel, skillfully integrating the use of acoustic timber panels to create a visually striking and acoustically optimized space. The design aims to provide an immersive and captivating experience for both performers and audience members while ensuring excellent sound quality and clarity.

The architectural layout of the auditorium prioritizes visibility and engagement. The seating arrangement is carefully designed to offer unobstructed views of the stage from every angle, ensuring that the audience can fully immerse themselves in the performance. The seating is tiered to optimize sightlines, allowing for a clear view of the stage from every seat in the house.

Throughout the auditorium, acoustic timber panels are strategically incorporated into the design. These panels serve multiple purposes, both functional and aesthetic. Their primary function is to enhance the acoustic performance of the space by controlling sound reflections, diffusing echoes, and minimizing unwanted reverberation. The timber panels are carefully positioned on walls, ceilings, and even as part of the stage backdrop, ensuring a balanced and rich sound experience for the audience and performers.

THE COMMUNITY HUB

The community center dedicated to the self-improvement of local artists is a dynamic and inclusive architectural masterpiece, providing a nurturing and inspiring environment for artists to explore their creative potential. Designed to support various artistic disciplines, including music, visual art, and workshops, the center features a combination of individual studios and larger collaborative spaces, fostering a sense of community and artistic growth.

The architectural layout of the community center is carefully thought out to accommodate the diverse needs of artists. The individual studios provide private and secluded spaces where artists can focus on their craft without distractions. These studios are designed to offer ample natural light, adjustable lighting systems, and proper ventilation, creating an ideal working environment that enhances productivity and creativity. Each studio may be tailored to specific artistic requirements, such as soundproofing for musicians or specialized lighting for visual artists.

In addition to individual studios, the center features larger collaborative spaces designed to promote interaction and collaboration among artists. These spaces serve as versatile and adaptable areas where artists can come together, exchange ideas, and engage in collaborative projects. The layout may include open-plan areas, flexible partitions, and movable furniture, allowing the space to be configured to accommodate different types of workshops, group exhibitions, or performances. These collaborative spaces may be equipped with state-of-the-art audiovisual systems, projection screens, and exhibition walls, providing a dynamic platform for artists to showcase their work and foster artistic dialogue.