|INDETERMINANCY|
|farm3| 2 0 5 0
|PREDICTIONS|
|world|
|WORLD AT 2050|
9 309 051 539 U.S Bureau of the Census
|GLOBAL TRENDS|www.nowandnext.com
|australia| |AUSTRALIA at 2050|
28 724 000 http://esa.un.org/wup2009/unup/
global village  –noun the world, especially considered as the home of all nations and peoples living interdependently. Australia in 2050, is a part of the global village.
|POLITICAL|global village|
|brisbane| |BRISBANE at 2050|
8 700 000 ABS
|BRISBANE light rail & PRT reduces personal vehicle dependency| “a built environment where residents and commuters can live, work and recreate without the need for a personal fossil fueled vehicle, essentially, a zero carbon environment.Without the daily need for personal vehicles, the city has opportunity to operate on a model that avoids carbon dioxide emissions, noxious gases, and provides a safer pedestrian and human friendly environment while reducing resident carbon footprints which contribute to global warming.� Mogge. J. 2009. The Technology of Personal Rapid Transit. Masdar Program team
|BRISBANE|
|valley|
Mass Transit strategy aims to: Deliver a highly identifiable and navigable transport option to service the busiest parts of the city centre. This service would link key generators and attractors in the city frame and may utilise the proposed Adelaide Street Bridge. This connects the valley and the site with two of Brisbanes most popular cultural precincts. Alleviating vehicular traffic whils promoting pedestrian traffic.
|2050 mass transit connection|
The Fortitude Valley neighbourhood plan recommends a maximum building height of 30 storeys within all areas of the “Valley Heart�. In 2050, 30 storeys will be the norm.
VALLEY|urban consolidation|
|CONTEXT|
In her book Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature, Janine Benyus divines a canon of nature’s laws, strategies and principles lists winning strategies adopted by all complex, mature ecosystems. Organisms in a mature ecosystem... 1. use waste as a resource 2. diversify and cooperate to fully use the habitat 3. gather and use energy efficiently 4. optimise rather than maximise 5. use materials sparingly 6. dont foul their nests 7. don’t draw down resources 8. remain in balance with the biosphere 9. run on information 10. shop locally
|NATURAL|nature as model|
Only a solar global economy can satisfy the material needs of all mankind and grant us the freedom to guarantee truly universal and equal human rights and to safeguard the world’s cultural diversity. What is in principle impossible with the “invisible hand of the market” alone can be achieved with the visible hand of the sun.
-Hermann Scheer Scheer. H.,p.34 (2002) The solar economy : renewable energy for a sustainable global future. London: Earthscan
|ECONOMICAL|global solar economy|
If you look around your home or office, aside from a painting or unique hand-crafted item someone gave to you as a gift, probably most of the objects surrounding you are impersonal and were designed with a careful balance between cost-to-manufacture and projected sales volume in mind. In 2050, when you look around your home or office, you will see quirky, one-of-a-kind items designed by yourself or someone you know. Perhaps your shoes will be custom-made to fit exactly your feet, or your toothbrush will have your name engraved into it and fit exactly into your hand the way you like it. The individual and the “market of one� .
|PERSONAL|personalisation|
Localism, or the local movement is a “collaborative effort to build more locally based, self-reliant economies - one in which sustainable production, processing, distribution, and consumption is integrated to enhance the economic, environmental and social health of a particular place�. Localism also mitigates the need for long distance supply lines and transport systems, a growing concern in todays sustainable undertow.
|SOCIAL|localism|
In his book Democratization of Innovation, Eriv von Hippel describes the democratisation process as individual consumers are increasingly able to innovate for themselves. “User-centered innovation processes offer great advantages over the manufacturer-centric innovation development systems that have been the mainstay of commerce for hundreds of years. Users that innovate can develop exactly what they want, rather than relying on manufacturers to act as their (often very imperfect) agents. Moreover, individual users do not have to develop everything they need on their own: they can benefit from innovations developed and freely shared by others.
|TECHNOLOGICAL|democratisation|
|TECHNOLOGY|
|TRENDS|
|emancipating| emancipation
n 1. the act of freeing or state of being freed; liberation 2. Informal freedom from inhibition and convention
The printing press, invented in 1455 by Johannes Gutenberg, presented the public with a new forum for book production as the very first method of mass publication. It emancipated communication and gave people the opportunity to spread their opinions and read about those of others, changing the landscape of mass communication.
COMMUNICATION|printing press|
The emancipation of transport came with a series of improvements to the automobile, making it accessible to ordinary people. These included, automatic start, power steering, brakes, and the proliferation of petrol stations. It was these improvements in automotive technology that opened up the continents to individual transportation, and created new vistas of freedom for people to explore and exploit.
TRANSPORT|autombile|
The emancipation of technology came in the form of personal computing. Although computers had existed for government and military applications for a number of years, it was not until the creation of user friendly operating systems aimed at the unskilled general public that personal computing enjoyed widespread application.
TECH.|PC operating system|
|transformative| “Transformative change happens when industries democratize, when they’re ripped from the sole domain of companies, governments, and other institutions and handed over to regular folks. The Internet democratized publishing, broadcasting, and communications, and the consequence was a massive increase in the range of both participation and participants in everything digital — the long tail of bits. Now the same is happening to manufacturing — the long tail of things.”
-- Chris Anderson, The Long Tail
Before digital music swept through the music industry,consumers were offered a limited selection of recording artists that were selected for them by professional “hit makers� whose goal was to sell as many albums as possible. The transformative change of digital music, enables a broader range of musicians to find fans, sell albums and in general, have a professional presence in the music industry.
MUSIC INDUSTRY|digital mp3|
Digital photography has taken photographing into a realm of infinite possibilities. It has also offered great diversity in the way we shoot, share, store and view our images.
PHOTOGRAPHIC|digital camera|
Personal manufacturing technologies will profoundly impact how we design, make, transport, and consume physical products. As manufacturing technologies follow the path from factory to home use, like personal computers, “personalised” manufacturing tools will enable consumers, schools and businesses to work and play in new ways. Emerging manufacturing technologies will usher in an industrial “evolution” that combines the best of mass and artisan production models.
PRODUCT|personal fabrication|
|personal fab|
|commercial|
5 axis machining refers to the ability of the machine to performa and move about in 5 axis simultaneously. This freedom allows shapes of a higher complexity and size to be machined when compared to a standard 3 axis cnc machine.
|5 axis CNC router & miller|
Laser cutting is the largest industrial application of higher power lasers. It is used in industry in a range of applications from prototyping and smaller batch manufacturing up to continuous production line systems. The process lends itself to automation with offline CAD/CAM systems controlling either 3-axis flat bed systems or 6-axis robots for three dimensional laser cutting. http://www.twi.co.uk/content/laser_cutting.html
|laser cutter & engraver|
3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is created by laying down successive layers of material. 3D printers offer product developers the ability to print parts and assemblies made of several materials with different mechanical and physical properties in a single build process. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
|3D printer|
|open source|
RepRap is a free desktop 3D printer capable of printing plastic objects. Since many parts of RepRap are made from plastic and RepRap can print those parts, RepRap is a self-replicating machine - one that anyone can build given time and materials. It also means that - if you’ve got a RepRap - you can print complex ojbects, and you can print another RepRap. It is currenly 60% self replicating.
|rep-rap|
Blender is a free open source 3D content creation suite, available for all major operating systems. SketchUp is a 3D modeling program designed for its ease of use, marketed by Google and designed for architectural, civil, and mechanical engineers as well as filmmakers, game developers, and related professions.
3D|free modelling software|
Fab@Home is an open source 3D printing platform that was developed at Cornell University.Fab@Home was designed to be versatile and works with almost any material that can be extruded through a plastic syringe and nozzle.Fab@Home can produce objects from a wide range of materials such as silicon, wiring, even food and has a variety of digital manufacturing tools for extruding, cutting, milling and assembling various materials.
|fab@home|
MakerBot in general is a derivative of the RepRap project. Its goals are: to build cheap, open source 3D printers. It is available throuth MakerBot Industries, an example of a commercial business using open source software and technology.
|maker bot|
DAVID-Laserscanner is a freeware program for 3d laser scanning. All you need to build a 3d scanner is a PC, a camera (e.g. a webcam), a background corner, and a laser that projects a line onto the object you want to scan.
|david 3d scanner|
|CURRENT MARKET|
|aggregators|
|shapeways|
|ponoko
|makers|
big blue saw|
|e.machine shop|
|i.materialise|
|mgx|
|designers|
|bathsheba|
|nervous system|
|unfold|
|freedom of creation|
|PROPOSAL|
|PERFACT| 2
0
5
0
|personal| personal
adjective 1 [attributive] belonging to or affecting a particular person rather than anyone else:done or made by a particular person; involving the actual presence or action of a particular individual 2 of or concerning one‘s private life, relationships, and emotions rather than one’s career or public life
|fabrication| fabrication
noun 1 [mass noun]the action or process of manufacturing or inventing something: the assembly and fabrication of electronic products 2 [count noun] an invention
|farm| farm
noun 1 an area of land and its buildings, used for growing crops and rearing animals.
|factory| factory
noun (plural factories) 1 a building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled chiefly by machine.
|MASTERPLAN|
SYSTEMS
|user|
|object|
|make|
|upload|
|send|
|supply|
|solar|
|process|
|plant|
|collect|
|download|
|personalise|
|use|
|resupply|
|return|
|remanufacture|
|user system|
Users upload digital files to the inventory for personal or shared use. THis can be done either at home or in Perfact itself
|upload|
Users can browse the inventory for specific designs, ideas, parametric models and frameworks for projects.
|download|
Designs can then be personalised (if using an existing file) or individual projects can be conceived, explored and designed.
|personalise|
Once a design is complete, it is sent to Perfact for fabrication
|send|
|object system|
Solar energy will provide a majority of the energy supply required to operate Perfact. It will also be harnessed in growing the crops.
|solar|
Carefully chosen plants will be grown and harvested onsite to provide raw materials for certain fabrication tools. These include corn, bamboo and mushrooms.
|plant|
Perfact aims to utilise natural polymers in the creation of products. Corn is currently being used to create a polymer for use in the RepRap. Mycelium from mushrooms is also proving promising.
|process|
Once polymers have been processed, the material can be delivered to the machines.
|supply|
Once the materials and design have met the item can be fabricated!
|make|
If placing an order online, the product will be available from the collectioin point. If creating a product in the Learn area, you will collect it when you are done!
|collect|
Enjoy your personally fabricated wonder!
|use|
We understand that you do not want to dispose of a perfectly good product, but you might want the latest one out...no problem return your product for the next exciting step...
|return|
Products that have been fabricated out of organic polymers can be resupplied to the farm as organic compost.
|resupply|
Just like car brake pads have been used in remanufacturing for years, if you bring in your old product you can use it to make a new one!
|remanufacture|
PROGRAM
|LEARN| how to create and fix the historical error of fabrication being thrown out as an illiberal art. The most exciting place to be, a place for creation and innovation open to the public.
|learn|
|FARM| raw materials. Sourcing raw materials from plants grown onsite to supply printing material to related printers.
|farm|
|SEARCH| for what you’re looking for or dreaming of. A digital and pictorial inventory of all open source files and creations.
|search|
|BE| yourself. Relax unwind. This is a public plaza space.
|be|
|RECYCLE| your old products into brand spanking new ones, and watch how it happens.
|recycle|
|LIVE| onsite. You don’t have to work at Perfact to live here.
|live|
|SEARCH| for what you’re looking for or dreaming of. A digital and pictorial inventory of all open source files and creations.
|greet|
|INSPIRE| each other. Closely linked to |LEARN| this space is for research and development into furthering of the technologies.
|inspire|
|PROCESS| the raw materials into usable polymers for the printers.
|process|
|TREAT| yourself to a tour of how the system works. From water supply to solar gathering.
|treat|
|SCAN| almost anything and manifest it physically. This is a studio for 3D scanning of objects to be used in design development.
|scan|
|HARNESS| the energy of the sun to power your thoughts.
|harness|
|MAKE| ALMOST ANYTHING!
|make|
CONCEPT
SI TE
EX PA NS IO N
SS
MA
T
SI
AN
TR
N
TI O
ST A
MA
SS
TR
AN
SI
T
ST A
TI O
N
GREEN SPACE BUILT OVER TRAIN LINE
MA
SS
TR
AN
SI
T
ST
AT
IO
N
GREEN SPACE BUILT OVER TRAIN LINE
|public|
|service|
|make|
|learn|
|process|
|recycle|
|treat|
|farm|
|live|
|scan|
|search|
|greet|
|harness|
|be|
|inspire|
harness
live.harness
make.learn
inspire.make.learn
inspire.make.learn
inspire.be.make.learn. farm
be.greet.be.make. process.recycle.farm
treat.process.recycle. farm
|learn|
|make|
|treat|
|recycle|
|harness|
|be|
|inspire|
|farm|
|greet|
|process|
|live|
PERSONAL FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGES • BETTER PROTOTYPING QUALITY. When a manufacturer has the luxury of running off designs overnight or faster, he or she can run more iterations of an idea. Manufacturers and designers have a lower cost way to tinker with design variations and make sure the final prototype is right. • CAN RESPOND TO SHORTER PRODUCT LIFE CYCLES. Even though improved quality will make a product able to last longer, the ability to iterate and improve upon product designs goes on continuously. Continuous product improvement and development will bring customers back for the latest versions of products. • RECYCLABILITY. The combination of improved quality and shorter life cycles creates a conflict in the mind of the customer. He or she doesn’t want to throw away a perfectly good product that’s only a few months old, but she does want to get the latest version. The answer to this dilemma is to consume the old product in manufacturing the new one. This has been going on for years in the automotive parts industry, where, for example, customers get a discount on brake shoes if they bring in their old ones for remanufacturing. • LESS WASTE AND CLEANER. Personal fabrication machines, particularly 3D printers, are efficient; therefore they produce very little left-over waste material. • LOW COST PRODUCT PROTOTYPING AND CUSTOMIZATION. Since they demand less intensive and set up time compared to industrial manufacturing machines, tinkering and revising a prototype costs less on a personal fabricator. • REGIONAL/LOCAL/HOME PRODUCTION – less shipping. On-site manufacturing of goods means they can be made locally and do not need to be shipped. • NO INVENTORY – production on demand.
1950
2050 PERFACT SYSTEM
COMMUNICATION Telephone, improved com-
Internet, online shopping, online user communities, search and rank algorithms that enable users to find what they’re looking for in the chaos, online blueprints
POWER
Steam, coal, electricity
Powerful computing technologies bring formerly industrial-scale design and analytical capabilities to the masses
MACHINE TECHNOLOGY
Steam engines, coal burn- Personal fabrication machines are ready for ing machines, looms, auhome use, outside the factory tomated agricultural technologies Cheaper and easier CAD software
mercial printing technologies
Factory-scale machines Hardware and electronic components get smaller mass produced standardand cheaper and more powerful ized objects very quickly
DISTRIBUTION
Rail ways, improved roads, thepostal system
CONSUMERS
Emerging consumer markets Today’s consumers want to be unique and express eagerly purchased lowerthemselves with custom objects cost mass produced items
LABOR
Unskilled labor could as- Unskilled consumers, like unskilled computer semble users, can design and operate their own manuobjects on an assembly facturing machinery line
The Internet becomes the distribution infrastructure. PERFACT is local so no distribution or inventory is needed
adapted from Factory@home. Lipson.H, Kurman.M, (p.32)
|resources|
DIGITAL FABRICATION WEBSITES http://www.fabathome.org/ Open-source mass-collaboration developing personal fabrication technology http://www.freedomofcreation.com/ A pioneering design and research company, specialized in design with 3D printing technologies http://www.ponoko.com/ Ponoko is an online marketplace for everyone to click to make real things. http://www.prior2lever.com/ Bespoke 3D printed performance footwear http://www.treehugger.com/absolut/ We live in an Absolut donwloadable world http://reprap.org/wiki/Main_Page A low cost open source rapid prototyping system that is capable of producing its own parts and can therefore be replicated easily http://www.explainingthefuture.com/3dprinting.html 3D PRINTING: MAKING THE DIGITAL REAL
PERSONALISED RAPID TRANSPORT WEBSITES http://www.personalrapidtransit.com/ http://www.ultraprt.com/
PARAMETRIC SOFTWARES http://www.grasshopper3d.com/ Rhino 3D Plugin
3D SCAN WEBSITES http://www.david-laserscanner.com/ free and easy-to-use software for low-cost 3D laser scanning
VIDEOS TEDxBoston - Lynwood Walker - Digital Fabrication of Homes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bws0oU1zKzk&feature=related Conversations - Digital Construction and Negotiated Architecture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIzlhufC5BE Future of Construction Process: Concrete Printing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfbhdZKPHro&feature=related Why Design Now?: Contour Crafting http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yv-IWdSdns&feature=related Scott Summit — The Future of 3D Printing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lJ8vId4HF8 Adrian Bowyer - 2020 Shaping Ideas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvXHORiDHYM TEDxEWB - Adrian Bowyer - Replicating Rapid Prototyper http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxJgZnhq7I4&feature=related The City In 2050: Creating Blueprints For Change http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmj4Gj9ta2k TEDxAmericanRiviera - Margaret Cafarelli - Can you imagine your city in 2050? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mj5VGRulJqs Terra 2050 Episode 4 ‘Hopes & Fears’ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtKocDGdq80&feature=related Terra 2050 Episode 2 ‘Humans’ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdSrhODCyBg&feature=related
Terra 2050 Episode 1 ‘Environment’ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hG05XG8xvvg&feature=related Imagine the World in 2050 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aEOzyj2VVc&feature=related Freedom of Creation http://vimeo.com/6963833 The Making of Onitsuka Tigers Electric Tiger Land http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lt5BgF5lExg&feature=player_embedded#at=81 Video on the future of digital fabrication. http://www.toshare.it/spime/ 3D Printing ball bearings http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7h09dTVkdw 3D printer from thinglab London http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0m1cVqNsRA Rapid Prototyping http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDLOmoQj4H0 3D Printer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwMnBqzWlWk FormZ 3D printing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zG1Gp6Ag9Gg Dimension 3D printer in action http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Bc0Qdb4k1M
CURRENT 3D PRINT COMPANIES & THEIR TECHNOLOGIES Stratasys - Fused Deposition Modeling Z Corporation - 3 Dimensional Printing 3D Systems - Stereolithography and Selective Laser Sintering Objet Geometries - Polyjet & Ployjet matrix
CURRENT 3D SCAN COMPANIES & THEIR TECHNOLOGIES Z Corporation - commercial scanners David 3D Scanner - open source 3D scanner NextEngine -
NEWS ARTICLES A factory on your desk http://www.economist.com/node/14299512?story_id=14299512
CURRENT COMAPANIES http://absolutegeometries.com/ Computer-aided inspection, reverse engineering, and prototyping equipment optimization. http://www.aracor.com/ Industrial computed tomography (CT) scanning systems. http://www.arius3d.com/ 3D imaging services. http://www.capture3d.com/ Rapid prototyping, reverse engineering, and computer-aided inspection.
http://www.reverse-eng.com/ RE1000 reverse engineering system. http://www.creaform3d.com/ Systems and solutions for reverse engineering, inspection, styling, analysis, manufacturing, and medical applications http://www.cyberfx.com/ Laser scanning services for the digitization of objects and people, including whole body scans. http://www.cyberware.com/ Laser scanning systems. http://www.eyetronics.com/ ShapeSnatcher software. http://www.4d-solution.com/ 3D scanning, reverse engineering, and quality inspection http://www.faro.com/ Probe-based FaroArm coordinate measuring devices. http://www.gaspardo.com/ Reverse engineering services. http://www.geomagic.com/ Geomagic Studio software. http://www.genextech.com/ Rainbow scanner; structured light using color patterns. http://www.gks3d.com/ Digitizing, inspection, and reverse engineering products and services. http://www.gom.com/ ATOS optical scanning systems