Rock Quarry Redevelopment Revitalizing a Highly Disturbed Habitat into a Highly Utilized Environment
Spring 2015 Jordan Young
Agenda • • • • • • • • • • • •
Site/History Contextual Analysis Site Inventory Program Users Goals & Objectives Case Studies Concept Phasing Plan Master Plan Phases Experience
Haile Quarries Newberry, FL
• Location: Haile Quarries, Newberry, Florida • Size: 635.15 acres • Client: Recreational Outdoorsman (hypothetical client) • Recreational Outdoorsman is a fictional company that will privately own this site.
History
• 19th Century: Commercial mining was being conducted northeast of Newberry, Florida. • “Here, phosphate was first exploited from accumulated sediments in sinkholes and channels eroded into limestone. However, these smallscale deposits eventually became unprofitable to excavate.” (Roger W. Portell, 2011)
• 1950s: Shift to mining the regions near surface limestone deposits. Became known as the “Haile Quarries.” • Today: Seventy foot, man-made holes, are vacant and un-used.
Contextual Analysis: State
Contextual Analysis: County
Contextual Analysis: Site Boundary
Contextual Amenities: Amenities Fish Camps • Howard’s Fishing Excursions • Kate’s Fish Camp • McIntosh Fish Camp • Twin Lakes Fishing & Camping • South Shore Fish Camp
40 min. (28.2 mi.) 42 min. (26.8 mi.) 42 min. (23.6 mi.) 45 min. (34.6 mi.) 46 min. (37.5 mi.)
Equestrian Centers • Canterbury Florida’s Equestrian Show Place • Hawkfield’s Farm • Full Partner’s Equestrian Center • Twin Oaks Stables
06 min. (02.5 mi.) 11 min. (05.5 mi.) 09 min. (04.6 mi.) 15 min. (10.6 mi.)
Trails • Cofrin Nature Park • San Felasco Hammock Preserve
16 min. (08.2 mi.) 29 min. (20.8 mi.)
Campgrounds • Blue Springs Park • Ginnie Springs • Breezy Acres Campground • Otter Springs Park & Campground
32 min. (24.8 mi.) 34 min. (27.3 mi.) 40 min. (30.3 mi.) 51 min. (35.6 mi.)
Site Inventory: Soils/Vegetation • Alfisols Soil - Arable soils with water content adequate for at least three consecutive months of the growing season. • Ultisols Soil - Reddish, clayrich, acidic soils that support a mixed forest vegetation prior to cultivation. • Existing vegetation Consists mostly of Oak Hammocks, Pine Scrubs, and a variety of grasses.
Analysis - Topography
Site Inventory: Wildlife
• Current wildlife is at a minimum due to site disturbances. Below are just a few of the resident wildlife:
Site Inventory: Disturbances
Due the history of this site, a lot of negative attributes have been established. Quarrying limestone results in a lot of negative effects on the environment. Such disturbances include: • Poor Air Quality/Fumes • Increased Runoff • Sediment Yields • Water Pollution • Erosion • Loss of Wildlife • Previous Noise Pollution • Dust and Related Diseases • Excessive Waste • Land Transformation
Goals/Objectives •
•
•
•
•
•
•
Goal 1: Create a successful bass estuary, both for the fishermen and the fish. • Objective 1.1: Design a habitat in which the fish will thrive by providing adequate protection and resources to allow a healthy environment. Also only allow catch and release. • Objective 1.2: Design hot spots, or feeding holes, that will provide consistent amounts of fish to be caught. Goal 2: Create multiple mountain bike trails for several different levels of experience. • Objective 2.1: Using the many different slopes provided by the existing topography, create beginner – expert level courses. • Sub-Objective 2.1.1: From flatter terrain, design beginner courses. • Sub-Objective 2.1.2: From steeper terrain, design more advanced courses by supplying drop offs, jumps, and downhill trails. Goal 3: Create equestrian trails, provide stables, and design learning areas for new riders. • Objective 3.1: Design a trail that meanders throughout the entire site. • Objective 3.2: Design a barn with an attached learning area for inexperienced riders. • Objective 3.3: Provide open space for horses to graze. Goal 4: Create a walking/running trail that meanders throughout a majority of the site. • Objective 4.1: Within each division of the site, allow an adequate amount of space to allow a path to be laid without infringing on primary program element. • Objective 4.2: Provide distance markers to allow a multiple amount of different events to take place on this trail. (i.e. 5k races, road bicycle races, March of Dimes…) Goal 5: Create a comfortable and functional environment for the users of the site. • Objective 5.1: Design functional connectivity throughout the site for ease of access to each amenity. • Objective 5.2: Provide an adequate amount of parking for any and all amenities. • Sub-Objective 5.2.1: Design designated parking for normal use. • Sub-Objective 5.2.2: Design overflow parking for fishing tournaments, races, paintball events, or any other function that may take place on site. • Objective 5.3: Provide sufficient amount of resting areas including picnic areas, restrooms, water and food venues. Goal 6: Create open space for both recreational use and special events. • Objective 6.1: Allow adequate space for events such as concerts, food trucks, festivals… • Objective 6.2: Allow adequate space for multi-purpose recreational use when special events are not taking place. Goal 7: Create conservation space. • Objective 7.1: Design a designated area that will remain a conservation area. • Objective 7.2: Create a scenic outlook location that is strictly aesthetics. • Objective 7.3: Restore ecological ecosystems. • Objective 7.4: Send all impervious surface runoff to this location to filtrate pollutants.
Program • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Bass Estuary Mountain Bike Courses Camping/Lodging Running/Walking Trails Equestrian Center/Trails Open Space/Park Space Amenity Parking/Overflow Parking Boat Ramps/Docks Fueling Stations Conservation Areas Learning Areas Food/Restroom Areas Zip Line
Es Tr tua uc r ka y n Fis d T hi ng rail e P Bo ar r En at kin tra R g nc Do amp e ck s Fu el in g Ov Sta t er flo ion w St P ag in ar ki g ng A Bi ke rea Tr Ri ails de ( r P Mu Tr ar k lti-L ail in ev el Se g ed Eq a tin ) ue gA str r ea ia Eq ue n C s e st n Ru r ian ter nn Tr ai in Ra g/W ls ce al ki P Sp ar ki ng T n or ra g ts ck Pi L ak cn e ic Ca Area m s p Gr Re o str un oo d s m W s el co m Fo e o d Ce Ve nte r Op n en dor S Le pac ar ni e fo n rM Co g C en isc ns .E t er ve va e r nt tio s n Ar ea
Ba ss Bass Estuary Truck and Trailer Entrance Fishing Parking Boat Ramp Docks Fueling Station Overflow Parking Staging Area Bike Trials (Multi-Leveled) Rider Parking Trail Seating Areas Equestrian Center Equestrian Trails Running/Walking Track Race Parking Sports Lake Picnic Areas Camp Grounds Restrooms Welcome Center Food Vendor Open Space for Misc. Events Learning Centers Conservation Area
Good Bad Nuetral
Program to Program Relationship Matrix
Users
• Fishermen
• Recreational • Professional
• Mountain Bikers
• Avid Riders • Recreational Riders
• Horseback Riders • Jogger/Walker/Bicyclists • Races • Exercise
• • • • •
Campers Weekend Visitors Students Elderly/Handicapped Wildlife
Case Study: Brownstone Exploration & Discovery Park Portland, Connecticut
• What used to be quarry, this extreme adventure park was leased from the Town of Portland. With a partnership with the Town, Portland receives a portion of all admission fees. Portland also has been relieved of most of the maintenance and policing duties and is now almost fully operated by the current owners. • Some of the amenities include: • • • • • • • • • • •
Swimming Snorkeling Zip Lines Cliff Jumping Rope Swings Rock Climbing Wakeboarding Kayaking Diving Hiking Biking
Case Study: Three Oaks Recreational Area
Crystal Lake, Illinois
• After twenty years of sculpting a vision of these once mined quarries, the City of Crystal Lake reclaimed this disturbed land and turned it in to a fresh, new, and exciting recreational area. Equipped with pristine waters, natural habitats, and prime fishing, users can come out and enjoy the water or simply have a picnic. Open since late 2010, these trails, playgrounds, and open space, have been greatly appreciated by the residents of Crystal Lake, Illinois. • Some of the amenities include: • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Boat Rentals Classes & Courses Culver’s Restaurant Fishing Hiking Sledding Swimming Picnicking Playground Splash Park Walking Paddle boarding Diving
Case Study: Cottonmill Lake Rehabilitation Project • Cottonmill Lake is a 43 acre impoundment located just west of Kearney, Nebraska. • Do to the large abundance of rough and poor sportfish, this body of water has been performing very low. • It contains large deposits of sedimentation, creating a poor aquatic environment. • The average depth of Cottonmill Lake was reduced from 11.8 ft. to just under 2 ft. • During the project, they removed 300,000 cubic feet of sediment. • They renovated the existing fish population, created breakwater jetties, islands, and several underwater structures such as rock piles, wooden cribs, and cedar trees.
North-Central Nebraska
Scale 1”=900’
Concept
Phasing
• Phase One: Bass Estuary • Construct Bass Estuaries by connecting existing bodies of water and excavating connection points. Pave parking lot for truck and trailer parking; install ramps, docks, and fueling station; and begin northern vehicular access.
• Phase Two: Conservation • Begin to restore and rehabilitate designated conservation area. Funds from fishing amenity will cover remission costs.
• Phase Three: Remaining Primary Infrastructure • Build remaining infrastructure suitable for vehicular traffic, Welcome Center, hook-ups for campgrounds and immediate parking.
• Phase Four: Remaining Secondary Infrastructure • Designate and clear paths for mountain biking and equestrian use, pave walkway for joggers/walkers, construct barn, and clear open space.
Scale 1”=1000’
Conservation
Truck & Trailer Parking Zip Line
Bass Estuary Bass Estuary Open Space Mountain Bike Trails
Campgrounds
Equestrian Center Trails
Master Plan
Phase One: Bass Estuary Many bodies of water lack the structural features needed to provide adequate infrastructure for fish to thrive. These existing limestone quarries are currently not in a healthy condition to provide a sustainable environment for any aquatic creatures. There are a few existing shorelines that are not hard edge. These hard edges provide little to no fish coverage or spawning habitats. Proposed is to broaden the shorelines and their edges. Fortunately, the quarry depths vary greatly. Of the approximate 230 acres, it is very infrequent that the depth exceeds 40’. The majority of the underwater portion of the site is under 20’. By expanding the shelf just off the shoreline, a much more sustainable and efficient ecosystem can be created. With the addition of both natural and artificial structures, fish can thrive.
Relief Map Legend 0’ – 10’ 11’ – 20’ 21’ – 30’ 31’ – 40’
Phase One: Bass Estuary Natural Structures: Submerged Vegetation, Logs, Brush, and Rocks. Artificial Structures: Oak Pallets, Rubble Piles, Log Cribs, Pipes, Stake Beds, and Plastic
Phase Two: Conservation Conservation Benefits: • Cleaner Air • Cleaner Water • Enhanced Wildlife • Increased Biodiversity • Higher Amounts of Stored Carbon • Reduced Runoff • Connectivity to Existing Corridors • Increased Aesthetic Value • Learning Opportunities • Study Plots
Before
After
Part Two: Conservation Cost Analysis
•
• •
The average capital cost of remission for a conservation area is approximately $933.66/acre. Obviously slope, soils, and existing deterioration play large roles in determining actual costs, but for the sake of capital investment projections, this number will be used. At an approximate 200 acres of conservation land, the estimated cost of rehabilitation would be $186,732.00. East of CR235, there is an existing corridor that has been dissected by limestone quarries. With the proposed conservation plan, the teal color will be converted back to conservation land and mend the two portions of the corridor together once again.
Existing Conservation Corridor
Existing Corridor
NonConservation
Part Two: Conservation Limestone Benefits • Neutralizes Water
• Adds Calcium, reducing acidity
• Lowers poisonous effects of toxic metals such as lead, zinc, and nickel. • Provided Calcium aids scale and bone development in adult fish • Lowers soil acidity • Increases plant life from the release of phosphorous
Phase Three: Remaining Primary
Infrastructure & Related Amenity Welcome Center
The welcome center is the central gathering place for the entire site. Here, visitors can be briefed on all the amenities Recreational Outdoorsman has to offer. Inside of the welcome center there is a small gift shop, including a convenient center for overnight guests. On the second floor of the welcome center are 5 hotel rooms. These rooms overlook the ledge facing the mountain bike trails and the large mound located in the center.
Welcome Center Mountain Bike Trails
Phase Three: Remaining Primary
Infrastructure & Related Amenity Circulation
There are two main access points to the site, shown with a yellow polygon, . They are connected by a two lane road that serves as the primary circulation of the site. This road has been divided into a main entrance and a boat & trailer entrance. Users can access both, but the delineation between the two makes movement throughout the site more convenient.
Open Space Welcome Center
Mountain Bike Trails
Phase Three: Remaining Primary
Infrastructure & Related Amenity Parking
There are a number of different spaces to park throughout the site, . There are 4 locations that are strictly designated for parking at any time. The restricted areas are the truck & trailer parking (furthest north) and the overflow parking located on the lawn, or green space. This overflow parking is to only be used during tournaments and festivals. During festivals, parking is to be used by vendors. Parking for the mountain bike trails is located northeast of the trails. A much smaller area for parking is located near the barn. Users wishing to go horseback riding can park on the outside of the fence, along side the road.
Open Space Welcome Center
Mountain Bike Trails
Phase Three: Remaining Primary
Infrastructure & Related Amenity Campgrounds
If the user does not want to be in a hotel style atmosphere, they can opt to rent a cabin or a plot to pitch a tent. All of the cabins are located on waterfront property, deep into the woods. The tent plots are immediately across the street and are also heavily vegetated. Each parcel has water/electrical hookups. Each parcel is segregated enough to ensure privacy from the rest of the amenities. The overnight guests will really be able to enjoy the outdoor experience.
Vacant Plots
Cabins
Phase Four: Remaining Secondary Infrastructure & Related Amenity Equestrian Center
The south-eastern portion of the site is dedicated to a home for horses. Structurally, there is a 14 stall barn to house the resident horses. There is a variety of difficulties for a variety of rider skillsets. Immediately outside of the barn is a practice area for user to get acclimated to their new horse. To the south there is another practice area for the more advanced riders. Here users can practice and hone in on their barrel racing skills. All of the acreage to the west of the barn is grazing land for the horses to stretch their legs and relax.
Barn & Practice Area Grazing Area Competitive Area
Phase Four: Remaining Secondary Infrastructure & Related Amenity Trail System
Throughout the entire site there are multiple trails for different users to experience. Looking at the master plan to the left, the grey trails are paved paths suitable for runners, walkers, or cyclists. The brown paths that intertwine through the grey trails, are meant for horseback riders. This separate path allows them to travel at their own pace without the worry of other guests spooking the horses.
Truck & Trailer Parking
Conservation Bass Estuary Bass Estuary
Open Space
Equestrian Center Trails Campgrounds
Phase Four: Remaining Secondary Infrastructure & Related Amenity Zip Line
As seen on the master plan, the zip lines have 4 landing towers. Starting at the western most point of the open space, guests can zip to a multi-tiered landing pad. Once they have landed they can climb to the next level and zip to the next station. Landing Station
Zip Line
Phase Four: Remaining Secondary Infrastructure & Related Amenity Mountain Biking
Due to the sites extreme and vast elevation changes, it is already set up for some organic mountain bike trails. What was once the beginning of a new quarry, will now become a multidifficulty trail system. From beginners to novice riders, there will be a trail for everyone.
Mountain Bike Trails
Phase Four: Remaining Secondary Infrastructure & Related Amenity
Relief Map Legend 90’+ 80’ – 89’ 70’ – 79’ 60’ – 69’
Experience •
Upon arrival to the site, the user will feel as if they are pulling into the same environment that existed a hundred years ago, when these quarries were in their prime. To pay homage to this historical value, architectural features will sport cracker style design. Scattered throughout the site will be outdated and rustic pieces of equipment that were once used to mine limestone. This will again pay respect to the history of the site.
•
It is obvious that each user will leave experiencing something different. Whether they visited the site to go fishing or horseback riding, they will have experienced, at some point, the same emotions. With this cracker style environment in this now densely vegetated habitat, the user will know what life may have been like in the early 1900s.
•
All of the amenities provided on site will definitely attract users from immediate area and surrounding context. Whether a student from the University or a family from down the road, there is something for everyone.
References • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Wildlife Image 1 - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Florida_Gopher_Tortoise.jpg Wildlife Image 2 - http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/opossum-family-nathaniel-kidd.jpg Wildlife Image 3 - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Procyon_lotor_(Common_raccoon).jpg Wildlife Image 4 - http://storage.wildobs.com/rangergirl141/mediums/Deer_top_buck.jpg Wildlife Image 5 - http://www.southern-colorado-guide.com/images/cranedance.jpg Wildlife Image 6 - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Wild_Pig_KSC02pd0873.jpg Equestrian - http://www.aloha-hawaii.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/kauai-horseback.jpg Largemouth Bass - https://scout-story-images.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wired2fish/migratedassets/2012/07/big-swimbait-bass-fishing.jpg Whitetail Deer - http://www.huntinginflorida.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/hunting-in-florida-whitetail-deerhunting-0191.jpg Camping - http://www.myharriman.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/camping_at_night.jpg Mountain Biking - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Mountain-bike-racing.jpg Brownstone - https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6140/5942259592_c3cb15cd40_z.jpg Three Oaks - http://www.crystallake.org/Home/ShowImage?id=2009&t=635477387157800000 Cottonmill - http://www.sdstate.edu/nrm/organizations/gpnss/tpn/upload/40-3-4_Spirk_et_al.pdf Zip Line - http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/02/56/49/c9/atl-sky-tower.jpg http://en.nfhsf.com/miche/pollution-and-disturbance-of-limestone-quarrying.html http://www.epa.state.il.us/water/conservation/lake-notes/fish-cover.pdf http://www.bassfishingandcatching.com/largemouth-bass-habitat.html http://www.southeastdiscovery.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Brights-Creek-Equestrian-Center.jpg http://www.ehow.com/info_7840800_benefits-effects-limestone.html