Lección # 1: Articles, Nouns, and Adjectives / Fernando Botero

Week 2 / Weekly Lesson Spanish III / Spring 2022

Articles, Nouns, and Adjectives Fernando Botero

Jorge A. Hernandez Camacho

Spanish Instructor Western New Mexico University

Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives The Gender of Nouns and the Definite Article A noun is a person, place, or thing.

In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine. In Spanish, the definite article (in English “the”) agrees with the noun in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural): el, la, los, las.

Singular Nouns Masculine The masculine singular noun takes the definite article el. Most nouns that end in -o are masculine.

Pronounce the following words aloud. el amigo

the friend

el libro

the book

el banco

the bank

el muchacho

the boy

el baño

the bathroom

el niño

the little boy

el carro

the car

el perro

the dog

el gato

the cat

el teléfono

the telephone

Many masculine nouns do not end in -o; therefore, it is necessary to learn each noun with its article. el animal

the animal

el hospital

the hospital

el café

the coffee

el hotel

the hotel

el doctor

the doctor

el tomate

the tomato

el hombre

the man

el tren

the train

Some masculine nouns end in -a or -ma. el clima

the climate

el planeta

the planet

el día

the day

el poema

the poem

el drama

the drama

el problema

the problem

el idioma

the language

el programa

the program

el mapa

the map

el sistema

the system

Feminine The feminine singular noun takes the definite article la. Most nouns that end in -a are feminine.

Pronounce the following words aloud.

Source: Bregstein, Barbara. Complete Spanish Step-by-Step (Spanish Edition) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

la amiga

the friend

la blusa

the blouse

la bolsa

the bag

la cama

the bed

la cerveza

the beer

la comida

the food

la hermana

the sister

la iglesia

the church

la lámpara

the lamp

la mesa

the table

la muchacha

the girl

la niña

the little girl

la persona

the person

la planta

the plant

la silla

the chair

la tienda

the store

la ventana

the window

la puerta

the door

la pintura

the painting

la araña

the spider

Nouns that end in -ción, -sión, -dad, -tad, or -tud are feminine. la canción

the song

la conversación the conversation

la televisión

the television

la ciudad

the city

la invitación

the invitation

la verdad

the truth

la lección

the lesson

la amistad

the friendship

la ilusión

the ilusion

la actitud

the atttude

A few nouns that end in -o are feminine. la foto la mano la radio

the photograph the hand the radio

the class the flower the light

the (male) artist

el pianista

the (male) pianist

la artista

the (female) artist

la pianista

the (female) pianist

el dentista

the (male) dentist

el taxista

the (male) cabdriver

la dentista

the (female) dentist

la taxista

the (female) cabdriver

A noun ending in -nte can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or a female. The article indicates the gender of the noun el cantante

the (male) singer

el estudiante

the (male) student

la cantante

the (female) singer

la estudiante

the (female) student

el gerente

the (male) manager

el presidente

the (male) president

la gerente

the (female) manager

la presidente

the (female) president

Plural Nouns

Many feminine nouns do not follow these patterns; therefore, it is important to learn each noun with its article. la clase la flor la luz

el artista

la mujer la piel la suerte

the woman the skin the luck

A noun ending in -ista can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or a female. The article indicates the gender of the noun.

Source: Bregstein, Barbara. Complete Spanish Step-by-Step (Spanish Edition) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Masculine A masculine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes the definite article los.

Singular el animal el doctor el hospital el hotel el tren

Plural los animales los doctores los hospitales los hoteles los trenes

Femenine A feminine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes the definite article las.

Singular

Plural

la bolsa

las bolsas

la lámpara

las lámparas

la niña

las niñas

Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

la persona

las personas

el día el hermano

los días los hermanos

el libro el perro

los libros los perros

la tienda

las tiendas

la ventana

las ventanas

If the noun ends in a consonant, el changes to los and the noun adds -es.

If the noun ends in a consonant, la changes to las and the noun adds -es.

Femenine

Singular

Plural

la canción la ciudad

las canciones las ciudades

la flor

las flores

la invitación

las invitaciones

la lección

las lecciones

la mujer

las mujeres

una amiga

a (female) friend

una mujer

a woman

una biblioteca

a library

una página

a page

Plural Indefinitive Articles

The Indefinitive Article The Spanish singular indefinite article (English a, an) is un before a masculine noun and una before a feminine noun. Pronounce the words in the following lists aloud.

By learning these nouns, you are building your vocabulary.

The Spanish plural indefinite article (English some) is unos before a masculine plural noun and unas before a feminine plural noun.

Masculine unos barcos

some boats

unos idiomas

some languages

unos gatos

some cats

unos libros

some books

Femenine

Singular Indefinitive Articles Masculine un amigo

a (male) friend

un jardín

a garden

un baño

a bathroom

un museo

a museum

un carro

a car

un sillón

an armchair

un espejo

a mirrow

un pianista

a (male) pianist

unas artistas

some (female) artists

unas casas

some houses

unas conversaciones

some conversations

unas flores

some flowers

Source: Bregstein, Barbara. Complete Spanish Step-by-Step (Spanish Edition) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Adjectives An adjective is a word that describes a noun.

A Spanish adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies. In Spanish, an adjective almost always follows the noun it describes.

Singular Form of Adjectives Adjectives that end in -o are masculine in form and agree with a masculine noun. As you pronounce the following examples aloud, note that the adjective follows the noun it describes.

el libro blanco el gato negro el carro rojo el muchacho simpaático el hombre hermoso

the white book the black cat the red car the nice boy the handsome man

Adjectives that end in -o change the -o to -a when describing a feminine noun. la casa blanca la chaqueta negra la lámpara roja la mujer hermosa la muchacha simpática

the white house the black jacket the red lamp the beautiful woman the nice girl

Adjectives that do not end in -o have the same form for describing both masculine and feminine nouns. It doesn’t matter what letter ends the adjective, as long as it is not -o.

Masculine

Femenine

el libro excelente el perro horrible el poema dificil el barco azul el baño verde el tren gris el tema interesante el hombre fuerte

la comida excelente la cucaracha horrible la lección dificil la pluma azul la cama verde la mesa gris la idea interesante la mujer fuerte

Adjectives that end in a vowel add -s to form the plural.

Source: Bregstein, Barbara. Complete Spanish Step-by-Step (Spanish Edition) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Plural blancos rojas verdes excelentes

Adjectives that end in a consonant add -es to form the plural.

Singular gris fácil joven marrón

Masculine Singular el libro blanco

plural form of adjectives

Singular blanco roja verde excelente

Adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.

Review each singular and plural form as you pronounce the following nouns and the adjectives that describe them.

Plural

grises fáciles jóvenes marrones

el tomate rojo el hombre hermoso el baño verde

Plural los libros blancos los tomates rojos los hombres hermoso los baños verdes

Femenine Singular

Plural

las casas la casa blanca blancas las mujeres la mujer hermosa hermosas las muchachas la muchacha fuerte fuertes las tiendas la tienda vieja viejas la comida las comidas excelente excelentes

Activities for this lesson

Practice # 1 Articles, Nouns, and Adjectives Read the information below, please Students need to submit Practice # 1 on Canvas every week, just as the rest of the weekly assigments (practice # 2, discussions, and the readings aloud).

Please, use the pdf that I will provide to you every week to complete Practice # 1. Just save a copy when you finish adding the anwers and submit a copy on Canvas for grading.

If you have any problems to open the PDF Form or to write on it, let me know inmediately, please, to fix the problem as soon as possible.

Also, on Practice # 1, besides the activities that you need to complete, I will be including information that is related to the Hispanic culture.

For example, for this week, I included colombian artist Fernando Botero, the most important living artist from Latin America, and one of the most important in the world.

However, students don’t need to use o include that information to complete the activities on Practice # 1., It’s only for the enjoyment of sharing art and culture to students and hoping to increase their creativity and knowledge about the Hispanic culture.

Botero Fernando Botero is a Colombian ar tist with a penchant for voluminous characters and an explosive color palette.

His signature style, known as “Boterismo”, depicts people and f igures in large, exaggerated volumes, which has been used to represent political criticism or humor depending on the piece.

Click on the word “Botero” to watch a documentar y about this ar tst.

casa tacos mujeres cielo hotel clase fuego hambuerguesa lámpara caballo

sillón plumas camas mesa edificios maestro reloj cereal teléfono perras

Write the definitive article (El / La / Los / Las) for each noun on the next table.

Remember: article needs to agree with the number (singular / plural) and the gender (femenine / masculine) of the noun.

Write the indefinitive article (un / una / unos / unas) for each noun (sustantivo) singular or plural on the next table.

Remember: articles needs to agree with the number (singular / plural) and the gender (femenine / masculine) of the

el libro

Write the translation into English of the next words.

On the first table you will find definitive articles, and indefinitive articles, on the second table.

You can use any electronic translator if you need it.

la página las flores el baño el vino el muchacho el dentista

unos frijoles un niño unas maletas

el jardín la flor el sillón

una hermana un gerente una ventana unos bomberos un presidente una idea un refrigerador

Here some electronic translators that you can used for this actividy Google Translate Spanishdict Linguee

C o mp l e t e t h e fo l l ow i n g p h r a s e s w i t h t h e fo l l ow i n g Spanish adjectives

1. el hombre _____________ (old) 2. la situación _____________ (difficult) 3. el idioma _____________ (marvelous) 4. la persona _____________ (nice) 5. la flor _____________ (yellow) 6. el jardín _____________ (beautiful) 7. la muchacha _____________ (slender) 8. el vino _____________ (white) 9. el apartamento ___________ (expesive) 10. el carro _____________ (inexpensive) 11. el hotel _____________ (small) 12. el clima _____________ (fantastic) 13. la hermana _____________ (intelligent) 14. el libro _____________ (interesting) 15. la ciudad _____________ (big)

1. _________ amigo 2. _________ hombre 3. _________ casa 4. _________ luz 5. _________ hotel 6. _________ hermano 7. _________ ciudad 8. _________ carro 9. _________ tomate 10. ________ cerveza

Wr i t e t h e m a s c u l i n e o r fe m i n i n e fo r m o f t h e d e f i n i t e a r t i c l e fo r e a ch o f t h e fo l l ow i n g nouns.

1. el animal _____________ 2. la amistad _____________ 3. el teléfono _____________ 4. el tren _____________ 5. la ventana _____________ 6. el doctor _____________ 7. la ciudad _____________ 8. la bolsa _____________ 9. la mesa _____________ 10. el idioma _____________

Wr i t e t h e p l u r a l fo r m o f e a ch o f t h e fo l l ow i n g s i n gular nouns.

Look at Botero’s painting.

Then, write the adjectives in Spanish that best describe the nouns on the table.

Remember: Adjectives are used mostly to describe people, objects, places, etc. Think on colors, textures, emotions, moods, body types etc

The horse is...

The woman’s hair is...

The child looks...

The texture of the floor seens...

The guy hanging from the roof...

The whole scene is...

The roof is...

The woman looks...

The frame around the painting is...

The guy on uniforme seems...

The painting makes me feel...

Botero’s art is...

Wr i t e a s e n t e n c e i n S p a n i s h fo l l ow i n g t h e p a t t e r n a n d t h e c o d e s i n c l u d e d o n e a ch t a b l e .

For example: (S/M)Singular/Masculino (P/F)Plural/Femenino

codes (S/M) (P/M ) (S/F) (P/F)

DEFINITIVE ARTICLE

NOUN

codes (S/M) (P/M ) (S/F) (P/F)

INDEFINITIVE ARTICLE

NOUN

Botero, 78, was not widely known asapoliticalartist.Sotheartworld was stunned in 2005, when he produced a series of 80 paintings, sketches and finished drawings based on the abuse of prisoners at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq.

Photographsofthemistreatment by some U.S. soldiers stationed at the prison had flooded the media just months before with images so shocking and sexually degrading that they have since become modern icons of abuse.

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