RESPIRATORY SYSTEM NOVEMBER
EDITED BY
MARCO RODRIGUEZ JORGE VALZANIA RICARDO YAU
EVERYTHING YOU SHOULD KNOW
CONTENTS 4 WHAT IT IS?
6 ORGANS
7 VERTEBRATES AND
INVERTEBRATES
9 DISEASES
10 PREVENTION
22 CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION
Ricardo Yau
WHAT IT IS? I N F O R M A T I O N
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The respiratory system (called also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism. The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment.
Jorge Valzania
In air-breathing vertebrates like human beings, respiration takes place in the respiratory organs called lungs. The passage of air into the lungs to supply the body with oxygen is known as inhalation, and the passage of air out of the lungs to expel carbon dioxide is known as exhalation; this process is collectively called breathing or ventilation. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and diaphragm. Ricardo Yau
ORGANS Nose Pharynx Larynx Lungs Trachea Bronchi
In the above diagram, the air at first enters through the nose, then flows through the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and then into the lungs through the Bronchi. In the lungs, it flows into smaller bronchioles.
Jorge Valzania
RESPIRATION IN ANIMALS
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VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES
In Vertebrates
In Invertebrates
Includes tubes, as the bronchia, used to carry air into the lungs where gas exchange occurs. The diaphragm, like any muscle can contract and relax. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity expands. This contraction creates a vacuum that pulls air into the lungs. On the exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and resumes its domed and air is expelled from the lungs.
Arthropods: Some uses the branchiostegal lung and other uses the book lung. Insects: Most breath through their spiracles. Molluscs: Molluscs generally possess gills that allow exchange of oxygen from an aqueous environment into the circulatory system.
Respiratory system on vertebrates Ricardo Yau
DISEASES Most common diseases of the respiratory system
Pneumonia It is an infection of the lung parenchyma by different infectious agents. There are two types: Community-acquired pneumonia, It follows a viral illness after which begins abruptly high fever and more. Nosocomial pneumonia: It's similar to the other, either as the typical form with fever , chills and cough or other times , the clinic is very low and slow start .
Pulmonary Fibrosis Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease that results in the loss of respiratory capacity . It happens very slowly and can appear at any age , but more common is between 40 and 70 years. There are genetic , immunological and viral factors mainly be related to the onset of this disease. Also radiation is involved.
Marco RodrĂguez
Prevention - Treatments
To alleviate pulmonary fibrosis be administered steroids to reduce lung inflammation , but only 20 % of patients respond to this treatment . In these cases it is usually given immunosuppressants , although its effectiveness is not 100 % proven. If pulmonary fibrosis occurs in young patients , it is best to assess the possibility of a lung transplant. In rare cases , several members of the same family can be affected by pulmonary fibrosis.
To treat Pneumonia, in a duration of 7-10 days. Antibiotic treatment should be accompanied by a series of general measures such as rest, smoking cessation , proper hydration and analgesia for fever and / or pleuritic pain. In nosocomial pneumonia treatment it based on the results of the cultures of the sputum sample . Treatments are usually up to 21 days.
Don't Smoke!! Ricardo Yau
STOP SMOKING valzaniia.tumblr.com
Actions for survival. 1. Recognize signals 2. Stop activity, rest, lay down 3. If pain lasts more than two minutes, call for help 4. Call 911!!!
C
ardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies,
including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. If you're not trained in CPR, then provide hands-only CPR. That means uninterrupted chest compressions of about 100 a minute until paramedics arrive. Ricardo Yau
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